Journal articles: 'Low dimensional nanomaterial'

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Guo, Wanlin, Jun Yin, Hu Qiu, Yufeng Guo, Hongrong Wu, and Minmin Xue. "Friction of low-dimensional nanomaterial systems." Friction 2, no. 3 (September 2014): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-014-0064-0.

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Hu, Xi-Le, Ying Shang, Kai-Cheng Yan, Adam C. Sedgwick, Hui-Qi Gan, Guo-Rong Chen, Xiao-Peng He, Tony D. James, and Daijie Chen. "Low-dimensional nanomaterials for antibacterial applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 17 (2021): 3640–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb00033k.

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Chen, Wen, Li Qiang Mai, Yan Yuan Qi, Wei Jin, T. Hu, W. L. Guo, Y. Dai, and E. D. Gu. "One-Dimensional Oxide Nanomaterials through Rheological Self-Assembling." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2128.

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This article introduces a process for the growth of one-dimensional oxide nanomaterials that combines rheological phase reaction and hydrothermal self-assembling process. Fundamentals and practical approaches of hydrothermal self-assembling process and rheological phase reaction are briefly described. Particular attention is devoted to the rheological self-assembling for the growth of low dimensional oxide nanomaterials. Many examples are shown that the rheological self-assembling is an effective method to prepare one-dimensional nanomaterials, organic-inorganic hybrids and 1-D nanomaterial array for optical-electronic and electrochemical devices and catalysis. Morphologies, microstructures, properties, and application of one-dimensional oxide nanomaterials are reviewed.

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Li, Tong, Adekunle Oloyede, and YuanTong Gu. "Adhesive characteristics of low dimensional carbon nanomaterial on actin." Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 2 (January 13, 2014): 023702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4862200.

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Lee, Eunkwang, and Hocheon Yoo. "Self-Powered Sensors: New Opportunities and Challenges from Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165056.

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Nanomaterials have gained considerable attention over the last decade, finding applications in emerging fields such as wearable sensors, biomedical care, and implantable electronics. However, these applications require miniaturization operating with extremely low power levels to conveniently sense various signals anytime, anywhere, and show the information in various ways. From this perspective, a crucial field is technologies that can harvest energy from the environment as sustainable, self-sufficient, self-powered sensors. Here we revisit recent advances in various self-powered sensors: optical, chemical, biological, medical, and gas. A timely overview is provided of unconventional nanomaterial sensors operated by self-sufficient energy, focusing on the energy source classification and comparisons of studies including self-powered photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric technology. Integration of these self-operating systems and new applications for neuromorphic sensors are also reviewed. Furthermore, this review discusses opportunities and challenges from self-powered nanomaterial sensors with respect to their energy harvesting principles and sensing applications.

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Jiang, Xiantao, Simon Gross, Michael J. Withford, Han Zhang, Dong-Il Yeom, Fabian Rotermund, and Alexander Fuerbach. "Low-dimensional nanomaterial saturable absorbers for ultrashort-pulsed waveguide lasers." Optical Materials Express 8, no. 10 (September 10, 2018): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.8.003055.

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Daneshnia, Shirin, Mohsen Adeli, and Yaghoub Mansourpanah. "Gram Scale and Room Temperature Functionalization of Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Water Treatment." Nano 14, no. 08 (August 2019): 1950107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019501078.

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Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride is a fascinating nanomaterial with a broad range of potential applications. However, further development of this nanomaterial is hampered because of its poor functionality and low processability. One of the efficient strategies for improving the processability of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride is the covalent functionalization of this nanomaterial. In this study, we report on a straightforward approach for functionalization of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride by lithium cyclopentadienyl and its application for water treatment. Cyclopentadienyl-functionalized boron nitride was characterized by different spectroscopy and microscopy methods as well as thermal and BET analysis. The synthesized nanomaterial was able to efficiently remove methylene blue from water in a short time. Adsorption capacity of this nanomaterial was as high as 476.3[Formula: see text]mg/g, which was superior to the nonfunctionalized boron nitride. Our results showed that cyclopentadienyl-functionalized boron nitride is a promising candidate for the removal of cationic pollutants from water.

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Sharifi, Hojjat, Fazel Sharifi, and Armin Belghadr. "Low-Power CMOS/Nanomaterial Three-Dimensional Field Programmable Gate Array Architecture." Quantum Matter 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/qm.2016.1351.

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Kim, Hyungjun. "The Application of Atomic Layer Deposition for Low Dimensional Nanomaterial Synthesis." ECS Transactions 33, no. 9 (December 17, 2019): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3493683.

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Jiang, Chenchen, Haojian Lu, Hongti Zhang, Yajing Shen, and Yang Lu. "Recent Advances on In Situ SEM Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials." Scanning 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1985149.

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In the past decades, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has become a powerful technique for the experimental study of low-dimensional (1D/2D) nanomaterials, since it can provide unprecedented details for individual nanostructures upon mechanical and electrical stimulus and thus uncover the fundamental deformation and failure mechanisms for their device applications. In this overview, we summarized recent developments on in situ SEM-based mechanical and electrical characterization techniques including tensile, compression, bending, and electrical property probing on individual nanostructures, as well as the state-of-the-art electromechanical coupling analysis. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of in situ SEM tests were also discussed with some possible solutions to address the challenges. Furthermore, critical challenges were also discussed for the development and design of robust in situ SEM characterization platform with higher resolution and wider range of samples. These experimental efforts have offered in-depth understanding on the mechanical and electrical properties of low-dimensional nanomaterial components and given guidelines for their further structural and functional applications.

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Kucherov, M. M., and O. V. Falaleev. "On low-dimensional models at NMR line shape analysis in nanomaterial systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 987 (March 2018): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/987/1/012043.

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Chen, Tse-Wei, Rasu Ramachandran, Shen-Ming Chen, Narayanasamy Kavitha, Kannaiyan Dinakaran, Ramanjam Kannan, Ganesan Anushya, et al. "Developing Low-Cost, High Performance, Robust and Sustainable Perovskite Electrocatalytic Materials in the Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Sectors: “An Overview”." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2020): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080938.

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Since its discovery in 1839, research on the synthesis and application of perovskite materials has multiplied largely due to their suitability to be used in the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and material science. Appropriate changes in composition or addition of other elements or blending with polymers may result in new hybrid and/or composite perovskite materials that will be applied in advanced fields. In this review, we have recapitulated the recent progress on perovskite nanomaterial in solar cell, battery, fuel cell and supercapacitor applications, and the prominence properties of perovskite materials, such as excellent electronic, physical, chemical and optical properties. We discussed in detail the synthesis and results of various perovskite hybrid nanomaterials published elsewhere. We have also discussed the results of various studies on these low dimensional composite nanomaterials in broad sectors such as electronics/optoelectronics, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells and electrochemical sensors.

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Yamada, Yoshimitsu. "The SiC Single Crystal Growth from Nanomaterial Precursor." MRS Advances 4, no. 50 (2019): 2709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.250.

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ABSTRACTUnlike the conventional layer by layer growth ,three dimensional growth experiments of SiC single crystal by the Chemical Particle Deposition (CPD)method were carried out both on the polar and nonpolar plane of the SiC seed crystal. The comparison of the morphology of the grown crystals on both samples indicated that the electric field formed by the seed crystal strongly effected the diffusion of the supplied Si and C atoms and their compounds to grow the epitaxial crystal. In spite of the low ionicity of Si-C bonds, this remarkable effect of the electric field on the three dimensional crystal growth mechanism in the CPD method strongly suggested its contribution to the ordering of the stacked layers with its long working range, beyond the deformed boundary layers between the seed surface and the grown crystal.

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Chen, Shiyou, Chenyang Xing, Dazhou Huang, Chuanhong Zhou, Bo Ding, Ziheng Guo, Zhengchun Peng, et al. "Eradication of tumor growth by delivering novel photothermal selenium-coated tellurium nanoheterojunctions." Science Advances 6, no. 15 (April 2020): eaay6825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6825.

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Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based photothermal therapy (PTT) is currently under intensive investigation as a promising approach toward curative cancer treatment. However, high toxicity, moderate efficacy, and low uniformity in shape remain critical unresolved issues that hamper their clinical application. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing versatile nanomaterials to meet clinical expectations. To achieve this goal, we developed a stable, highly uniform in size, and nontoxic nanomaterials made of tellurium-selenium (TeSe)–based lateral heterojunction. Systemic delivery of TeSe nanoparticles in mice showed highly specific accumulation in tumors relative to other healthy tissues. Upon exposure to light, TeSe nanoparticles nearly completely eradicated lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in preclinical models. Consistent with tumor suppression, PTT altered the tumor microenvironment and induced immense cancer cell apoptosis. Together, our findings demonstrate an exciting and promising PTT-based approach for cancer eradication.

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Wang, Zhiyong, Hong Li, Zheng Liu, Zujin Shi, Jing Lu, Kazu Suenaga, Soon-Kil Joung, et al. "Mixed Low-Dimensional Nanomaterial: 2D Ultranarrow MoS2Inorganic Nanoribbons Encapsulated in Quasi-1D Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 39 (October 6, 2010): 13840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja1058026.

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Li, Dan, Jinsheng Lv, Mengfan Shi, Liru Wang, Tian Yang, Ya’nan Yang, and Nan Chen. "Low-Dimensional Nanomaterial Systems Formed by IVA Group Elements Allow Energy Conversion Materials to Flourish." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152521.

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In response to the exhaustion of traditional energy, green and efficient energy conversion has attracted growing attention. The IVA group elements, especially carbon, are widely distributed and stable in the earth’s crust, and have received a lot of attention from scientists. The low-dimensional structures composed of IVA group elements have special energy band structure and electrical properties, which allow them to show more excellent performance in the fields of energy conversion. In recent years, the diversification of synthesis and optimization of properties of IVA group elements low-dimensional nanomaterials (IVA-LD) contributed to the flourishing development of related fields. This paper reviews the properties and synthesis methods of IVA-LD for energy conversion devices, as well as their current applications in major fields such as ion battery, moisture electricity generation, and solar-driven evaporation. Finally, the prospects and challenges faced by the IVA-LD in the field of energy conversion are discussed.

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Cho, Sunghun, and Jun Seop Lee. "Recent Development of Morphology Controlled Conducting Polymer Nanomaterial-Based Biosensor." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175889.

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Biosensors are of particular importance for the detection of biological analytes at low concentrations. Conducting polymer nanomaterials, which often serve as sensing transducers, are renowned for their small dimensions, high surface-to-volume ratio, and amplified sensitivity. Despite these traits, the widespread implementation of conventional conducting polymer nanomaterials is hampered by their scarcity and lack of structural uniformity. Herein, a brief overview of the latest developments in the synthesis of morphologically tunable conducting polymer-based biosensors is discussed. Research related to the dimensional (0, 1, 2, and 3D) hetero-nanostructures of conducting polymers are highlighted in this paper, and how these structures affect traits such as the speed of charge transfer processes, low-working temperature, high sensitivity and cycle stability are discussed.

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Liu, Juzhe, Rui Hao, Binbin Jia, Hewei Zhao, and Lin Guo. "Manipulation on Two-Dimensional Amorphous Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123246.

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Low-carbon society is calling for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems and techniques, in which functional electrode materials are a core factor. As a new member of the material family, two-dimensional amorphous nanomaterials (2D ANMs) are booming gradually and show promising application prospects in electrochemical fields for extended specific surface area, abundant active sites, tunable electron states, and faster ion transport capacity. Specifically, their flexible structures provide significant adjustment room that allows readily and desirable modification. Recent advances have witnessed omnifarious manipulation means on 2D ANMs for enhanced electrochemical performance. Here, this review is devoted to collecting and summarizing the manipulation strategies of 2D ANMs in terms of component interaction and geometric configuration design, expecting to promote the controllable development of such a new class of nanomaterial. Our view covers the 2D ANMs applied in electrochemical fields, including battery, supercapacitor, and electrocatalysis, meanwhile we also clarify the relationship between manipulation manner and beneficial effect on electrochemical properties. Finally, we conclude the review with our personal insights and provide an outlook for more effective manipulation ways on functional and practical 2D ANMs.

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Schön, Johann. "Nanomaterials - what energy landscapes can tell us." Processing and Application of Ceramics 9, no. 3 (2015): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1503157s.

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Nanomaterials bridge the gaps between crystalline materials, thin films, and molecules, and are of great importance in the design of new classes of materials, since the existence of many modifications of a nano-object for the same overall composition allows us to tune the properties of the nanomaterial. However, the structural analysis of nano-size systems is often difficult and their structural stability is frequently relatively low. Thus, a study of their energy landscape is needed to determine or predict possible structures, and analyse their stability, via the determination of the minima on the landscape and the generalized barriers separating them. In this contribution, we introduce the major concepts of energy landscapes for chemical systems, and present summaries of four applications to nano-materials: a MgO monolayer on a sapphire substrate, possible quasitwo- dimensional carbon-silicon networks, the ab initio energy landscape of Cu4Ag4-clusters, and the possible arrangements of ethane molecules on an ideally smooth substrate.

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Mujib, Shakir Bin, Santanu Mukherjee, Zhongkan Ren, and Gurpreet Singh. "Assessing corrosion resistance of two-dimensional nanomaterial-based coatings on stainless steel substrates." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (April 2020): 200214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200214.

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Two-dimensional (2D) materials have elicited considerable interest in the past decade due to a diverse array of novel properties ranging from high surface to mass ratios, a wide range of band gaps (insulating boron nitride (BN) to semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides), high mechanical strength and chemical stability. Given the superior chemo-thermo-mechanical properties, 2D materials may provide transformative solution to a familiar yet persistent problem of significant socio-economic burden: the corrosion of stainless steel (SS). With this broader perspective, we investigate corrosion resistance properties of SS-coated with 2D nanomaterials; molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), BN, bulk graphite in 3.5 wt% aqueous NaCl solution. The nanosheets were prepared by a novel liquid phase exfoliation technique and the coatings were made by a paint brush to achieve uniformity. Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic plots indicate the best corrosion resistance is provided by the MoS 2 coatings. Superior performance of the coating is attributed to low electronic conductivity, large flake size and uniform coverage of SS substrate, which probably impeded the corrosive ions from the solution from diffusing through the coating.

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Ferhati, Fariza, Aline Simo, Mohammed S. Belkaid, Malek Maaza, Ouiza Boussoum, and Dalila Hocine. "Fast growth of pure V₂O₅ nanoparticles by low-cost hydrothermal process." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 96, no. 3 (November 23, 2021): 30101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021200383.

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Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanorods were successfully grown through an easy, quick and clean hydrothermal method using vanadium oxide sols (V2O5.1,6H2O) as precursor. Structurals studies based on the X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the synthesized nanomaterials are pure divanadium pentoxide with an orthorhombic phase. The morphological properties and the particle size of the developed V2O5 nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The results show that the as-grown samples consist of a large amount of one-dimensional V2O5 nanorods with the widths approximately 52 nm and the lengths are up to several hundred nanometers. The effects of different growth conditions, such as hydrothermal duration and stirring temperature of the precursor on the formation of the nanorods has been recorded. Moreover, the structural and morphological properties of the resulting nanopowders have been experimentally studied. Time-dependent experiments showed that V2O5.1,6H2O were dehydrated progressively and transformed into orthorhombic V2O5 single-crystalline nanorods. It has been established that high stirring temperature of the precursor is benefical for the formation of V2O5 nanorods and minimizes the duration time of the heat treatment. Hence the adjusted parameters (time and temperature) appears to be the key element to achieving the desired nanomaterial with defined forms.

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Simsek, Marcel, and Nongnoot Wongkaew. "Carbon nanomaterial hybrids via laser writing for high-performance non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors: a critical review." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413, no. 24 (May 12, 2021): 6079–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03382-9.

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AbstractNon-enzymatic electrochemical sensors possess superior stability and affordability in comparison to natural enzyme-based counterparts. A large variety of nanomaterials have been introduced as enzyme mimicking with appreciable sensitivity and detection limit for various analytes of which glucose and H2O2 have been mostly investigated. The nanomaterials made from noble metal, non-noble metal, and metal composites, as well as carbon and their derivatives in various architectures, have been extensively proposed over the past years. Three-dimensional (3D) transducers especially realized from the hybrids of carbon nanomaterials either with metal-based nanocatalysts or heteroatom dopants are favorable owing to low cost, good electrical conductivity, and stability. In this critical review, we evaluate the current strategies to create such nanomaterials to serve as non-enzymatic transducers. Laser writing has emerged as a powerful tool for the next generation of devices owing to their low cost and resultant remarkable performance that are highly attractive to non-enzymatic transducers. So far, only few works have been reported, but in the coming years, more and more research on this topic is foreseeable. Graphical abstract

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Idris, Azeez O., Ekemena O. Oseghe, Titus A. M. Msagati, Alex T. Kuvarega, Usisipho Feleni, and Bhekie Mamba. "Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205743.

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has attracted the interest of researchers and industrial communities owing to its outstanding analytical merits such as low-cost synthesis, high stability, unique electronic properties, catalytic ability, high quantum yield, nontoxicity, metal-free, low bandgap energy, and electron-rich properties. Notably, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitrides. It has been explored in various analytical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility properties, including ease of surface functionalization and hydrogen-bonding. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) acts as a nanomediator and serves as an immobilization layer to detect various biomolecules. Numerous reports have been presented in the literature on applying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and amperometry techniques have been extensively used for the detection of biologic molecules and heavy metals, with high sensitivity and good selectivity. For this reason, the leading drive of this review is to stress the importance of employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.

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Darwish, Mohamed S. A., Hohyeon Kim, Minh Phu Bui, Tuan-Anh Le, Hwangjae Lee, Chiseon Ryu, Jae Young Lee, and Jungwon Yoon. "The Heating Efficiency and Imaging Performance of Magnesium Iron Oxide@tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051096.

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Multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials displaying high specific loss power (SLP) and high imaging sensitivity with good spatial resolution are highly desired in image-guided cancer therapy. Currently, commercial nanoparticles do not sufficiently provide such multifunctionality. For example, Resovist® has good image resolution but with a low SLP, whereas BNF® has a high SLP value with very low image resolution. In this study, hydrophilic magnesium iron oxide@tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide nanoparticles were prepared in two steps. First, hydrophobic magnesium iron oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using a thermal decomposition technique, followed by coating with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, DLS, TEM, zeta potential, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and VSM. The hyperthermia and imaging properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated and compared to the commercial nanoparticles. One-dimensional magnetic particle imaging indicated the good imaging resolution of our nanoparticles. Under the application of a magnetic field of frequency 614.4 kHz and strength 9.5 kA/m, nanoparticles generated heat with an SLP of 216.18 W/g, which is much higher than that of BNF (14 W/g). Thus, the prepared nanoparticles show promise as a novel dual-functional magnetic nanomaterial, enabling both high performance for hyperthermia and imaging functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

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Wu, Qinghong, and Wanying Zhang. "Nano Sensor Using One Dimensional Porous Indium Oxide and Pattern Recognition Method of Its Electronic Information." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2955.

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Due to its high sensitivity, low price and fast response speed, gas sensors based on metal oxide nanomate-rials have attracted many researchers to modify and explore the materials. First, pure indium oxide (In2O3) nanotubes (NTs)/porous NTs (PNTs) and Ho doped In2O3 NTs/PNTs are prepared by electrospinning and calcination. Then, based on the prepared nanomaterials, the 6-channel sensor array is obtained and used in the electronic nose sensing system for wine product identification. The system obtains the frequency signals of different liquor products by means of 6-channel sensor array, analyzes the extracted electronic signal characteristic information by means of ordinary least squares, and introduces the pattern recognition method of moving average and linear discriminant to identify liquor products. In the experiment, compared with pure In2O3 NTs sensor, pure In2O3 PNTs sensor has higher sensitivity to 100 ppm ethanol gas, and the sensitivity is further improved after mixing Ho. Among them, 6 mol% Ho + In2O3 PNTs have the highest sensitivity and the shortest response time; based on the electronic nose system composed of prepared nanomaterial sensor array, frequency signals of different Wu Liang Ye wines are collected. With the extension of acquisition time, the corresponding frequency first decreases and then becomes stable; the extracted liquor characteristic signal is projected into two-dimensional space and three-dimensional space. The results show that the pattern recognition system based on this method can extract the characteristic signals of liquor products and distinguish them.

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Song, Ruihong, Meng Tian, Yingxian Li, Jianjian Liu, Guofeng Liu, Shicai Xu, and Jihua Wang. "Detection of MicroRNA Based on Three-Dimensional Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor." Nano 15, no. 03 (March 2020): 2050039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500393.

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MicroRNA (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional gene regulators and can be easily detected in plasma, which suggests a promising role as diagnostic markers. In this paper, we reported a nanomaterial of three-dimensional graphene (3D-G) grown on nickel foam by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). As a conductive channel, the 3D-G was made into field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor, showing high-performance in detecting of miRNA. We demonstrated that 3D-G FET biosensor was able to achieve a detection limit as low as 100[Formula: see text]pM and also has a good linear current response to miRNA concentrations in a broad range from 100[Formula: see text]pM to 100[Formula: see text]nM. Overall, the 3D-G FET biosensor was shown as a very promising alternative tool for the detection of miRNAs in biomedical research and early clinical diagnostic studies.

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Shahriary, Leila, Hedayatollah Ghourchian, and Anjali A. Athawale. "Graphene-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids Synthesized by Gamma Radiations: Application as a Glucose Sensor." Journal of Nanotechnology 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/903872.

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Three-dimensional hybrid nanomaterial of graphene-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (G-MWCNTs) was synthesized using gamma rays emitted by a60Co source with a dose rate of 3.95 Gy min−1. The products were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), and micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR and UV-Vis analysis reveals the formation of hybrid nanomaterial which is confirmed by XRD, micro-Raman analysis, and PL. SEM micrograph depicts the composite structure of graphene layers and MWCNTs, while the TEM micrograph exhibits graphene layers covered by MWCNTs. The G-MWCNTs hybrid used as electrode for electrochemical studies in K3Fe(CN)6shows enhancement in electrocatalytic behavior, compared to each individual starting material, therefore, has been applied for amperometric sensing of glucose in alkaline solution and exhibits sensitivity of 12.5 μAmM-1 cm−2and low detection limit 1.45 μM (S/N=3) in a linear range of 0.1 to 14 mM (R2=0.985).

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Bilisik, Kadir, Huseyin Ozdemir, and Gaye Kaya. "Development Of Multistitched Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanocomposite And Evaluation Of Its Mechanical And Impact Properties." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0008.

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AbstractMultistitched three-dimensional (3D) woven E-glass/polyester/nanosilica composite (MNS) was developed. Its mechanical and impact performances were characterized for particular end-use applications. It was found that the warp-weft directional tensile strength and modulus of MNS structure were higher than those of the off-axis directions. In addition, there was not a big difference between warp and weft directional bending and short beam strengths of MNS structure. The MNS structure had a small damaged area under low velocity impact load. The failure was confined at a narrow area because of multistitching and nanomaterial and resulted in the catastrophic fiber breakages in the normal direction of the applied load of the structure. The results from the study indicated that the multistitching and the addition of nanosilica in the composite structure improved its damage tolerance.

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Braniste, Tudor, Mircea Dragoman, Sergey Zhukov, Martino Aldrigo, Vladimir Ciobanu, Sergiu Iordanescu, Liudmila Alyabyeva, et al. "Aero-Ga2O3 Nanomaterial Electromagnetically Transparent from Microwaves to Terahertz for Internet of Things Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061047.

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In this paper, fabrication of a new material is reported, the so-called Aero-Ga2O3 or Aerogallox, which represents an ultra-porous and ultra-lightweight three-dimensional architecture made from interconnected microtubes of gallium oxide with nanometer thin walls. The material is fabricated using epitaxial growth of an ultrathin layer of gallium nitride on zinc oxide microtetrapods followed by decomposition of sacrificial ZnO and oxidation of GaN which according to the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations, is transformed gradually in β-Ga2O3 with almost stoichiometric composition. The investigations show that the developed ultra-porous Aerogallox exhibits extremely low reflectivity and high transmissivity in an ultrabroadband electromagnetic spectrum ranging from X-band (8–12 GHz) to several terahertz which opens possibilities for quite new applications of gallium oxide, previously not anticipated.

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Šafranko, Silvija, Dominik Goman, Anamarija Stanković, Martina Medvidović-Kosanović, Tihomir Moslavac, Igor Jerković, and Stela Jokić. "An Overview of the Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots—Promising Nanomaterials for Metal Ion Detection and (Bio)Molecule Sensing." Chemosensors 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060138.

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The fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging subset of carbonaceous nanomaterials, recently becoming a powerful tool for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug and gene delivery. In general, carbon dots are defined as zero-dimensional (0D), spherical-like nanoparticles with <10 nm in size. Their unique chemical, optical, and electronic properties make CQDs versatile materials for a wide spectrum of applications, mainly for the sensing and biomedical purposes. Due to their good biocompatibility, water solubility, and relatively facile modification, these novel materials have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, which is especially important for nanotechnology and nanoscience expertise. The preparation of the biomass-derived CQDs has attracted growing interest recently due to their low-cost, renewable, and green biomass resources, presenting also the variability of possible modification for the enhancement of CQDs’ properties. This review is primarily focused on the recent developments in carbon dots and their application in the sensing of different chemical species within the last five years. Furthermore, special emphasis has been made regarding the green approaches for obtaining CQDs and nanomaterial characterization toward better understanding the mechanisms of photoluminescent behavior and sensing performance. In addition, some of the challenges and future outlooks in CQDs research have been briefly outlined.

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Fatemi, Ali, and Milad Rasouli. "(Digital Presentation) Engineering Band Gap of Chalcogenide Nanomaterial-Polymer Composites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 32 (July 7, 2022): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01322492mtgabs.

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Over the last two decades, engineering the optical properties of nanoscale structures (nanowires, quantum dots, and nanotubes), i.e., band gap, absorption, and photoluminescence radiation, which can be manipulated in sulfide-based semiconductor materials, has received a lot of attention. Due to their tunable characteristics, these materials were introduced for potential applications ranging from medicine and communications to energy and various sensors (1). In addition, chemical synthesis methods provide the desired structure, material, reproducibility, and possibility of large-scale production, along with sustainable industrialization and foster innovation of these material systems. Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) is one of the functional polymers, in addition to the ability to stabilize the nanomaterial solution, which can change the optical properties of the material (2). Currently, the majority of sulfide-based nanomaterials are cadmium, lead, and silver, which have shown a wide range of applications. Here, PVA/CdS, PVA/PbS, and PVA/Ag2S nanocomposites were investigated as the desired composites. For optical studies, band gap, absorption, and photoluminescence irradiation of these material systems were performed. The structural and morphological properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy, DLS, and X-ray diffraction. The band gap value of synthesized nanoparticles in the polymer bed was 3.48, 3.08, and 2.27 eV for PVA/CdS, PVA/PbS, and PVA/Ag2S, respectively, whereas for pure PVA the band gap value was 4.75 eV. As shown in Figure 1, with the entry of nanoparticles into the polymer, a shift in the composite band gap can be seen that corresponds to an increase in absorption. Photoluminescence irradiations for polymer-nanoparticle composites showed that silver-polymer nanoparticles have intense irradiance at 405nm, while cadmium-polymer and lead-polymer composites have intense irradiance at 430nm and 500nm, respectively. An X-ray diffraction pattern was indicated for each of the crystals, confirming the presence of the expected crystal structure. The DLS of materials represents sizes of 150, 125, and 175 nm for PVA/CdS, PVA/PbS, and PVA/Ag2S. Besides, the structure of the material systems was examined by FE-SEM microscopy, which showed a homogeneous distribution of particles in the polymer and a cubic nanoparticle structure for PVA/PbS and a spherical for PVA/Ag2S and PVA/CdS. Our findings show that polymer-nanomaterial composites are potential candidates for use in sensors and solar energy cells, especially non-toxic Ag2S nanomaterials (3) that have already been documented as an emerging platform for in-vivo imaging. References: Khan H, Dwivedi PK, Husain M, Zulfequar M. Tunable optical bandgap in PVA/Ge10As40Se50 chalcogenide glass (ChG) nanocomposites free standing films. Optik. 2021;245:167677. Badawi A, Althobaiti M, Alharthi SS. Exploring the structural, optical and photoluminescence properties of tin-doped manganese sulfide nanoparticles encapsulated with PVA for potential application in optoelectronics. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. 2022;140:115190. Nieves LM, Mossburg K, Hsu JC, Maidment AD, Cormode DP. Silver chalcogenide nanoparticles: a review of their biomedical applications. Nanoscale. 2021. Figure 1

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Zhou, Ying, Cuihuan Song, Zhixiang Chen, and Qixin Zhou. "Fabrication of h-MoO3 Nanorods and the Properties of the MoO3/WEP Composite Coatings Research." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5080207.

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In this study, we prepared a novel coating composed of hexagonal molybdenum oxide (h-MoO3) nanofiller and waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) to provide corrosion protection. We optimized the h-MoO3 nanorod synthesis methodology first by changing different parameters (pH, temperature, etc.). Furthermore, the as-prepared h-MoO3 rods were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test results verified that the anticorrosive performance of the composite coatings was improved by incorporation of low content of MoO3 nanofiller (0.5 wt.%) compared to pure WEP sample. This developed composite will provide a new insight for the design and fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterial (e.g., nanorod) reinforced epoxy coating and other polymeric coating processes.

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Gao, Yujie, Yuanhao Dong, Yubin Cao, Wenlong Huang, Chenhao Yu, Shangyan Sui, Anchun Mo, and Qiang Peng. "Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Efficient Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3123.

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The development of drug-resistant bacteria has become a public health problem, among which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) leads to various life-threatening diseases. Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with potential in the anti-MRSA treatment. This study prepared GO nanosheets with fixed lamellar size, investigated its antibacterial activity against MRSA, and analyzed the related antibacterial mechanisms. We found that the fabrication of GO with stable dispersion was workable. Furthermore, such GO had superior antibacterial performance against MRSA at low concentrations with the dose-dependent anti-MRSA effect. The GO-MRSA interaction also provided fundamental support for the antibacterial mechanisms with cleavage and encapsulation effects. In conclusion, GO nanosheets may be a promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA.

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Hroncekova, Stefania, Tomas Bertok, Michal Hires, Eduard Jane, Lenka Lorencova, Alica Vikartovska, Aisha Tanvir, Peter Kasak, and Jan Tkac. "Ultrasensitive Ti3C2TX MXene/Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Amperometric Biosensor for Detection of Potential Prostate Cancer Marker in Urine Samples." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050580.

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Two-dimensional layered nanomaterial Ti3C2TX (a member of the MXene family) was used to immobilise enzyme sarcosine oxidase to fabricate a nanostructured biosensor. The device was applied for detection of sarcosine, a potential prostate cancer biomarker, in urine for the first time. The morphology and structures of MXene have been characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical measurements, SEM and AFM analysis revealed that MXene interfaced with chitosan is an excellent support for enzyme immobilisation to fabricate a sensitive biosensor exhibiting a low detection limit of 18 nM and a linear range up to 7.8 µM. The proposed biosensing method also provides a short response time of 2 s and high recovery index of 102.6% for detection of sarcosine spiked into urine sample in a clinically relevant range.

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Tan, Chee Leong, and Hooman Mohseni. "Emerging technologies for high performance infrared detectors." Nanophotonics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0061.

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AbstractInfrared photodetectors (IRPDs) have become important devices in various applications such as night vision, military missile tracking, medical imaging, industry defect imaging, environmental sensing, and exoplanet exploration. Mature semiconductor technologies such as mercury cadmium telluride and III–V material-based photodetectors have been dominating the industry. However, in the last few decades, significant funding and research has been focused to improve the performance of IRPDs such as lowering the fabrication cost, simplifying the fabrication processes, increasing the production yield, and increasing the operating temperature by making use of advances in nanofabrication and nanotechnology. We will first review the nanomaterial with suitable electronic and mechanical properties, such as two-dimensional material, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides. We compare these with more traditional low-dimensional material such as quantum well, quantum dot, quantum dot in well, semiconductor superlattice, nanowires, nanotube, and colloid quantum dot. We will also review the nanostructures used for enhanced light-matter interaction to boost the IRPD sensitivity. These include nanostructured antireflection coatings, optical antennas, plasmonic, and metamaterials.

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Paraš, Smiljana, Dijana Trišić, Olivera Mitrović Ajtić, Bogomir Prokić, Damjana Drobne, Slavoljub Živković, and Vukoman Jokanović. "Toxicological Profile of Nanostructured Bone Substitute Based on Hydroxyapatite and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) after Subchronic Oral Exposure of Rats." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050918.

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Novel three-dimensional (3D) nanohydroxyapatite-PLGA scaffolds with high porosity was developed to better mimic mineral component and microstructure of natural bone. To perform a final assessment of this nanomaterial as a potential bone substitute, its toxicological profile was particularly investigated. Therefore, we performed a comet assay on human monocytes for in vitro genotoxicity investigation, and the systemic subchronic toxicity investigation on rats being per oral feed with exactly administrated extract quantities of the nano calcium hydroxyapatite covered with tiny layers of PLGA (ALBO-OS) for 120 days. Histological and stereological parameters of the liver, kidney, and spleen tissue were analyzed. Comet assay revealed low genotoxic potential, while histological analysis and stereological investigation revealed no significant changes in exposed animals when compared to controls, although the volume density of blood sinusoids and connective tissue, as well as numerical density and number of mitosis were slightly increased. Additionally, despite the significantly increased average number of the Ki67 and slightly increased number of CD68 positive cells in the presence of ALBO-OS, immunoreactive cells proliferation was almost neglected. Blood analyses showed that all of the blood parameters in rats fed with extract nanomaterial are comparable with corresponding parameters of no feed rats, taken as blind probe. This study contributes to the toxicological profiling of ALBO-OS scaffold for potential future application in bone tissue engineering.

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Huang, Jing Yun, Ming Gang Zhao, and Zhi Zhen Ye. "Electrospun Porous ZnO Nanofibers for Glucose Biosensors." Advanced Materials Research 950 (June 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.950.3.

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Porous 1 dimensional (1D) ZnO nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technology and sequent annealing process. The ZnO nanofibers have many nanopores in it and connect to each other to form a porous film. The diameters of the nanofibers are about 100 nm, and their lengths are so long as tens of millimeters. Owing to the porous nanofibers based matrix has 1D channels and high isoelectric point, the prepared ZnO porous film is wonderful platform to immobilize glucose oxidase enzyme for glucose biosensing. The as-fabricated biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (69 μA/mMcm-2), fast response (3 s) and low detection limit (10 μM), due to the nanomaterial with large surface-to-volume ratio for enzyme immobilization and excellent electrical properties. The biosensors can be fabricated controllably and repeatedly. These excellent results indicate the biosensors are attractive for application.

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Elaissi, Samira, Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Fatemah Alkallas, Tahani Alrebdi, and Kamel Charrada. "Modeling of Advanced Silicon Nanomaterial Synthesis Approach: From Reactive Thermal Plasma Jet to Nanosized Particles." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101763.

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A three-dimensional numerical modelling of a time-dependent, turbulent thermal plasma jet was developed to synthetize silicon nanopowder. Computational fluid dynamics and particle models were employed via COMSOL Multiphysics®v. 5.4 (COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to simulate fluid and particle motion in the plasma jet, as well as the heat dependency. Plasma flow and particle interactions were exemplified in terms of momentum, energy, and turbulence flow. The transport of nanoparticles through convection, diffusion, and thermophoresis were also considered. The trajectories and heat transfer of both plasma jet fields, and particles are represented. The swirling flow controls the plasma jet and highly affects the dispersion of the nanoparticles. We demonstrate a decrease in both particles’ velocity and temperature distribution at a higher carrier gas injection velocity. The increase in the particle size and number affects the momentum transfer, turbulence modulation, and energy of particles, and also reduces plasma jet parameters. On the other hand, the upstream flame significantly impacts the particle’s behavior under velocity and heat transfer variation. Our findings open the door for examining thermal plasma impact in nanoparticle synthesis, where it plays a major role in optimizing the growth parameters, ensuring high quality with a low-cost technique.

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Ding, Meng, Zhen Guo, Xuehang Chen, Xiaoran Ma, and Lianqun Zhou. "Surface/Interface Engineering for Constructing Advanced Nanostructured Photodetectors with Improved Performance: A Brief Review." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020362.

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Semiconductor-based photodetectors (PDs) convert light signals into electrical signals via a photon–matter interaction process, which involves surface/interface carrier generation, separation, and transportation of the photo-induced charge media in the active media, as well as the extraction of these charge carriers to external circuits of the constructed nanostructured photodetector devices. Because of the specific electronic and optoelectronic properties in the low-dimensional devices built with nanomaterial, surface/interface engineering is broadly studied with widespread research on constructing advanced devices with excellent performance. However, there still exist some challenges for the researchers to explore corresponding mechanisms in depth, and the detection sensitivity, response speed, spectral selectivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and stability are much more important factors to judge the performance of PDs. Hence, researchers have proposed several strategies, including modification of light absorption, design of novel PD heterostructures, construction of specific geometries, and adoption of specific electrode configurations to modulate the charge-carrier behaviors and improve the photoelectric performance of related PDs. Here, in this brief review, we would like to introduce and summarize the latest research on enhancing the photoelectric performance of PDs based on the designed structures by considering their surface/interface engineering and how to obtain advanced nanostructured photo-detectors with improved performance, which could be applied to design and fabricate novel low-dimensional PDs with ideal properties in the near future.

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Dolabella, Simone, Ruggero Frison, Gilbert A. Chahine, Carsten Richter, Tobias U. Schulli, Zuhal Tasdemir, B. Erdem Alaca, Yusuf Leblebici, Alex Dommann, and Antonia Neels. "Real- and Q-space travelling: multi-dimensional distribution maps of crystal-lattice strain (∊044) and tilt of suspended monolithic silicon nanowire structures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719015504.

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Silicon nanowire-based sensors find many applications in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems, thanks to their unique characteristics of flexibility and strength that emerge at the nanoscale. This work is the first study of this class of micro- and nano-fabricated silicon-based structures adopting the scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy technique for mapping the in-plane crystalline strain (∊044) and tilt of a device which includes pillars with suspended nanowires on a substrate. It is shown how the micro- and nanostructures of this new type of nanowire system are influenced by critical steps of the fabrication process, such as electron-beam lithography and deep reactive ion etching. X-ray analysis performed on the 044 reflection shows a very low level of lattice strain (<0.00025 Δd/d) but a significant degree of lattice tilt (up to 0.214°). This work imparts new insights into the crystal structure of micro- and nanomaterial-based sensors, and their relationship with critical steps of the fabrication process.

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Li, Sishi, Yanpeng Yang, Gongsheng Song, Qiang Fu, and Chunxu Pan. "Preparation of Metal-Gr Composite Coatings via Electro-Plating for High Performances: A Review." MRS Advances 4, no. 35 (2019): 1913–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.315.

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ABSTRACTDeveloping metal-based composite coatings with improved mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance has been an attractive research topic in recent years. Graphene (Gr), as a new type of two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanomaterial with excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties, can be used as a reinforcement to improve hardness, tensile strength, wear and corrosion resistance of metal-based composites. There have been substantial efforts focused on the fabrication of metal-Gr composite coatings via various approaches. Electro-deposition is an effective electrochemical method with wide range of advantages, such as a fast deposition rate, simple set-up with large scale production and relatively low cost. This overview covers the previous research and development studies on metal-Gr composite coatings using electro-deposition method and the resulting properties. In addition, recent work in this area which provides a developed process with industrial production perspective, is discussed.

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Karapınar, Işıl Sanrı, Ahmet Onur Pehlivan, Ayşe Elif Özsoy Özbay, Ahmet Utku Yazgan, Nevin Taşaltın, and Selcan Karakuş. "Improvement of the mechanical properties of cementitious composites by the novel synthesized borophene nanosheets." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 10 (March 23, 2022): 1615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983221084771.

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This study is the first investigation focused on the preparation of novel synthesized borophene nanosheets and their use in cementitious composites. The two-dimensional β borophene was prepared by a facile and low-cost sonication process including ultrasonic cavitations. To understand the effect of the novel synthesized borophene nanosheets, varying ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt% of cement were incorporated in cement composites and improvements on the mechanical strength, workability, and toughness were identified. Also, for the microstructure evaluation, several advanced characterization techniques including SEM, EDS, XRD, and TGA were presented and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of cementitious composites modified with borophene nanosheets was discussed. As a result of this study, with the incorporation of the borophene nanosheets, clear improvements were achieved for the 28 day compressive and flexural strengths of the specimens within a range of 5–19% and 4–13%, respectively. The findings also indicated that borophene nanosheets contributed to the formation of a denser microstructure of the corresponding cement composites. Thus, within this study, the utility of as-prepared borophene nanosheets in cementitious composites is proved and proposed as a two-dimensional potential nanomaterial candidate to be used in cementitious composites.

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Souayeh, Basma, Katta Ramesh, Najib Hdhiri, Essam Yasin, Mir Waqas Alam, Kawthar Alfares, and Amina Yasin. "Heat Transfer Attributes of Gold–Silver–Blood Hybrid Nanomaterial Flow in an EMHD Peristaltic Channel with Activation Energy." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101615.

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The heat enhancement in hybrid nanofluid flow through the peristaltic mechanism has received great attention due to its occurrence in many engineering and biomedical systems, such as flow through canals, the cavity flow model and biomedicine. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to discuss the hybrid nanofluid flow in a symmetric peristaltic channel with diverse effects, such as electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD), activation energy, gyrotactic microorganisms and solar radiation. The equations governing this motion were simplified under the approximations of a low Reynolds number (LRN), a long wavelength (LWL) and Debye–Hückel linearization (DHL). The numerical solutions for the non-dimensional system of equations were tackled using the computational software Mathematica. The influences of diverse physical parameters on the flow and thermal characteristics were computed through pictorial interpretations. It was concluded from the results that the thermophoresis parameter and Grashof number increased the hybrid nanofluid velocity near the right wall. The nanoparticle temperature decreased with the radiation parameter and Schmidt number. The activation energy and radiation enhanced the nanoparticle volume fraction, and motile microorganisms decreased with an increase in the Peclet number and Schmidt number. The applications of the current investigation include chyme flow in the gastrointestinal tract, the control of blood flow during surgery by altering the magnetic field and novel drug delivery systems in pharmacological engineering.

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Lv, Shupei, Bo Song, Fengqi Han, Zhanrong Li, Bingbing Fan, Rui Zhang, Junjie Zhang, and Jingguo Li. "MXene-based hybrid system exhibits excellent synergistic antibiosis." Nanotechnology 33, no. 8 (November 29, 2021): 085101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac385d.

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Abstract MXenes are a group of inorganic two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, and have raised significant interests in biomedical areas. Ti3C2T x , as an important member of MXene family, is widely studied because of its biodegradability and low-cytotoxicity. However, their single antibacterial mechanism and poor stability in aqueous solution need to be improved, especially for the antimicrobial applications. In this work, a MXene-based hybrid antibacterial system (M-HAS) was developed and its synergistic antibacterial activity was investigated. In the M-HAS, 2D few-layer Ti3C2T x (FL-Ti3C2T x ) was modified with hydrophilic polymers and thereby used as carriers for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). By assembling these two substrates, photodynamic performance of the prepared system is significantly improved with a large amount of reactive oxygen species produced under 660 nm laser. Antibacterial effects of the M-HAS are enhanced by over 4 times with irradiation. In another word, the developed hybrid system displays excellent photodynamic antibacterial synergistic properties. This work takes advantage of the photodynamic properties of each component in the M-HAS to achieve efficient antibacterial activity and proposes an innovative approach to develop the 2D FL-Ti3C2T x -based antibacterial platform.

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Wu, Jialong, Yanyan Yu, and Gaoxing Su. "Safety Assessment of 2D MXenes: In Vitro and In Vivo." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050828.

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MXenes, representing a new class of two-dimensional nanomaterial, have attracted intense interest in a variety of fields as supercapacitors, catalysts, and sensors, and in biomedicine. The assessment of the safety of MXenes and related materials in biological systems is thus an issue that requires significant attention. In this review, the toxic effects of MXenes and their derivatives are summarized through the discussion of current research into their behaviors in mammalian cells, animals and plants. Numerous studies have shown that MXenes have generally low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. However, a few studies have indicated that MXenes are toxic to stem cells and embryos. These in vitro and in vivo toxic effects are strongly associated with the dose of material, the cell type, the mode of exposure, and the specific type of MXene. In addition, surface modifications alter the toxic effects of MXenes. The stability of MXenes must be considered during toxicity evaluation, as degradation can lead to potentially toxic byproducts. Although research concerning the toxicity of MXenes is limited, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of interactions of MXenes with biological systems and suggests future research directions.

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Díez-Pascual, Ana Maria. "Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Polymers: A Brief Overview." Macromol 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol1020006.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the one-dimensional allotropes of carbon, have attracted noteworthy research interest since their discovery in 1991 owing to their large aspect ratio, low mass density, and unique chemical, physical, and electronic properties that provide exciting possibilities for nanoscale applications. Nonetheless, two major issues should be considered when working with this sort of nanomaterial: their strong agglomerating tendency, since they are typically present as bundles or ropes of nanotubes, and the metallic impurities and carbonaceous fragments that go along with the CNTs. The successful utilization of CNTs in a wide variety of applications—in particular, in the field of polymer composites—depends on their uniform dispersion and the development of a strong chemical interaction with the polymeric matrix. To achieve these aims, chemical functionalization of their sidewalls and tips is required. In this article, a brief overview of the different approaches for CNT modification using polymers is provided, focusing on the covalent functionalization via “grafting to” or “grafting from” strategies. The characteristics and advantages of each approach are thoroughly discussed, including a few typical and recent examples. Moreover, applications of polymer-grafted CNTs as biosensors, membranes, energy storage substances, and EMI shielding are briefly described. Finally, future viewpoints in this vibrant research area are proposed.

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You, Qiannan, Zhongyang Guo, Rui Zhang, Zhimin Chang, Mingfeng Ge, Qian Mei, and Wen-Fei Dong. "Simultaneous Recognition of Dopamine and Uric Acid in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid via an Intercalated MXene/PPy Nanocomposite." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 3069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093069.

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Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have shown a great potential for chemical sensing due to their electric properties. In this work, a Ti3C2Tx/polypyrrole (MXene/PPy) nanocomposite has been synthesized and immobilized into a glassy carbon electrode to enable the simultaneous recognition of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) under the interference of ascorbic acid (AA). The multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene was prepared via the aqueous acid etching method and delaminated to a single layer nanosheet, benefiting the in-situ growth of PPy nanowires. The controllable preparation strategy and the compounding of PPy material remain great challenges for further practical application. A facile chemical oxidation method was proposed to regulate magnitude and density during the forming process of PPy nanowire, which promotes the conductivity and the electrochemical active site of this as-prepared nanomaterial. The MXene/PPy nanocomposite-modified electrode exhibited the selective determination of DA and UA in the presence of a high concentration of AA, as well as a wide linear range (DA: 12.5–125 μM, UA: 50–500 μM) and a low detection limit (DA: 0.37 μM, UA: 0.15 μM). More importantly, the simultaneous sensing for the co-existence of DA and UA was successfully achieved via the as-prepared sensor.

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Kim, Soojin, Yeeun Roh, Younguk Choi, Ah Hyun Jun, Hojun Seo, and Byeong-Kwon Ju. "Air Annealing Process for Threshold Voltage Tuning of MoTe2 FET." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 3840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083840.

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A stable doping technique for modifying the conduction behaviour of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-based transistors is imperative for applications based on low-power complementary oxide thin-film transistors. Achieving an ambipolar feature with a controlled threshold voltage in both the p- and n-regimes is crucial for applying MoTe2-based devices as electronic devices because their native doping states are unipolar. In this study, a simple method to tune the threshold voltage of MoTe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) was investigated in order to realise an enhancement-mode MoTe2 thin-film transistor by implementing a facile method to modulate the carrier polarity based on the oxidative properties of MoTe2 FETs. Annealing in air induced a continuous p-doping effect in the devices without significant electrical degradation. Through a precise control of the duration and temperature of the post-annealing process, the tailoring technique induces hole doping, which results in a remarkable shift in transfer characteristics, thus leading to a charge neutrality point of the devices at zero gate bias. This study demonstrates the considerable potential of air heating as a reliable and economical post-processing method for precisely modifying the threshold voltage and further controlling the doping states of MoTe2-based FETs for use in logic inverters with 2D semiconductors.

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Couteau, C., A. Larrue, C. Wilhelm, and C. Soci. "Nanowire Lasers." Nanophotonics 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2015): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0005.

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Abstract:We review principles and trends in the use of semiconductor nanowires as gain media for stimulated emission and lasing. Semiconductor nanowires have recently been widely studied for use in integrated optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and transistors. Intensive research has also been conducted in the use of nanowires for subwavelength laser systems that take advantage of their quasione- dimensional (1D) nature, flexibility in material choice and combination, and intrinsic optoelectronic properties. First, we provide an overview on using quasi-1D nanowire systems to realize subwavelength lasers with efficient, directional, and low-threshold emission. We then describe the state of the art for nanowire lasers in terms of materials, geometry, andwavelength tunability.Next,we present the basics of lasing in semiconductor nanowires, define the key parameters for stimulated emission, and introduce the properties of nanowires. We then review advanced nanowire laser designs from the literature. Finally, we present interesting perspectives for low-threshold nanoscale light sources and optical interconnects. We intend to illustrate the potential of nanolasers inmany applications, such as nanophotonic devices that integrate electronics and photonics for next-generation optoelectronic devices. For instance, these building blocks for nanoscale photonics can be used for data storage and biomedical applications when coupled to on-chip characterization tools. These nanoscale monochromatic laser light sources promise breakthroughs in nanophotonics, as they can operate at room temperature, can potentially be electrically driven, and can yield a better understanding of intrinsic nanomaterial properties and surface-state effects in lowdimensional semiconductor systems.

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Pakdel, Amir, Chunyi Zhi, Yoshio Bando, and Dmitri Golberg. "Low-dimensional boron nitride nanomaterials." Materials Today 15, no. 6 (June 2012): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(12)70116-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low dimensional nanomaterial'

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