Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Low attention'
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Haycock, Anna Cornelia. "Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and low birth weight." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2045.
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Niklasson, Lucas. "Low Intensity Natural Sounds and Pink Noise’s Effect on Attention." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-169713.
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Bakgrundsljud och hur det influerar människors uppmärksamhet är undersökt i ett flertal olika former. Vanligtvis genom att använda musik och tystnad som variabler för att jämföra effekten på en primär kognitiv uppgift. Eftersom all musik skapas med intentionen att lyssnas på, dvs. att dra uppmärksamheten till sig, söker denna studie att undersöka huruvida bakgrundsljud ligger till grund för olika reaktionstid beroende på om ljudet är artificiellt eller naturligt (ljud från naturen som en strömmande bäck jämfört med rosa brus). Genom att använda ett visuellt oddball-paradigm på ett reaktionstids-test med de två bakomliggande ljuden på en population (N = 30) där snittåldern var 29 (M = 29.70, SD = 7,82). T-testet bekräftade hypotesen. Därför fastslår denna tes att rosa brus ger längre tid på reaktionstids-test än naturliga ljud när de presenteras som bakgrundsljud.Background noise and how it influences attention in humans is researched in various ways and forms. Usually it has been done by using music and silence to compare the effects on a primary cognitive task. Since music is an artificial sound created with the intention to draw attention to it, the present study sought to determine if background noise cause differences in reaction time whether it was artificial noise or natural noise (such as the sound of a stream of water compared to pink noise). The two background noises were compared through a visual oddball paradigm measuring reaction time on a sample (N = 30) whose mean age was 29 years (M = 29.70, SD = 7,82). The paired t-test confirmed the hypothesis. Therefore, this study concludes that pink noise creates longer reactions compared to natural sounds when presented as background noise.
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Park, Gewn hi. "Vagal influence on selective attention under high and low perceptual load." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1245438999.
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Gao, Fei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling human attention and performance in automated environments with low task loading." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106592.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-225).
Automation has the benefit of reducing human operators' workload. By leveraging the power of computers and information technology, the work of human operators is becoming easier. However, when the workload is too low but the human is required to be present either by regulation or due to limitations of automation, human performance can be negatively affected. Negative consequences such as distraction, mind wandering, and inattention have been reported across many high risk settings including unmanned aerial vehicle operation, process control plant supervision, train engineers, and anesthesiologists. Because of the move towards more automated systems in the future, a better understanding is needed to enable intervention and mitigation of possible negative impacts. The objectives of this research are to systematically investigate the attention and performance of human operators when they interact with automated systems under low task load, build a dynamic model and use it to facilitate system design. A systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, was proposed to better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of low task loading. A System Dynamics model, named the Performance and Attention with Low-task-loading (PAL) Model, was built based on this framework. The PAL model captures the dynamic changes of task load, attention, and performance over time in long duration low task loading automated environments. In order to evaluate the replication and prediction capability of the model, three dynamic hypotheses were proposed and tested using data from three experiments. The first hypothesis stated that attention decreases under low task load. This was supported by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of target searching using unmanned vehicles. Building on Hypothesis 1, the second and third hypotheses examined the impact of decreased attention on performance in responding to an emergency event. Hypothesis 2 was examined by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of accident response in nuclear power plant monitoring. Results showed that performance is worse with lower attention levels. Hypothesis 3 was tested by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of defensive target tracking. The results showed that the impact of decreased attention on performance was larger when the task was difficult. The process of testing these three hypotheses shows that the PAL model is a generalized theory that could explain behaviors under low task load in different supervisory control settings. Finally, benefits, limitations, generalizability and applications of the PAL model were evaluated. Further research is needed to improve and extend the PAL model, investigate individual differences to facilitate personnel selection, and develop system and task designs to mitigate negative consequences.
by Fei Gao.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Botting, Nicola Fay. "Psychological and educational outcome of Very Low Birthweight children at 12yrs." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266195.
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Larsson, Joakim. "Using gaze aware regions in eye tracking calibration for users with low-attention span." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216672.
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Eye trackers have enabled users to interact with computers for a long time. Yet, there are still many challenges left to be solved to make the interaction easy for users with development disabilities. Especially, when it comes to setup eye tracking where calibration of the eye tracker is important to get accurate estimation of where users are looking. This paper presents a study in which three modified versions of a calibration interface for eye trackers has been designed and evaluated by nine participants with development disabilities. These calibration interfaces used regions that were aware of when a user gazed at them, gaze-aware regions, and varied in the speed of which a stimulus moved during the calibration and how quickly the regions around the stimulus grew. Data was collected for each interface about interaction with the gaze-aware regions, time to complete a calibration, how many calibration points that were completed and gaze offset from the stimulus. No statistically significance was found between the modified interfaces for its efficiency, effectiveness and accuracy. However, a stimulus moving quicker and a gaze-aware region growing faster indicated a more effective and efficient calibration method without loss in accuracy. Also, if only screen engagement is involved using smooth-pursuit calibration could improve the calibration process.Ögonstyrning har under en längre tid möjliggjort interaktion för användare. Dock är det fortfarande många utmaningar för att göra interaktionen lätt för användare med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar. Framförallt när det kommer till inställningar för ögonstyrning, där kalibrering har visat sig vara viktigt för att ge en noggrann uppskattning vart användarna fokuserar. Denna rapport presenterar en studie där tre modifierade versioner av ett kalibreringsgränsnitt för ögonstyrning har blivit designat och utvärderat av nio deltagare med låg fokuseringsförmåga. Dessa gränssnitt använde regioner som var medvetna när en användare tittade inom dom, så kallade blickmedvetna regioner, och varierade i vilken hastighet ett stimuli rörde sig och hur snabbt regionerna runt ett stimuli växte. Data samlades in för varje gränssnitt om interaktionen med de blickmedvetna regionerna, tiden för att genomföra kalibreringen, antal avklarade kalibreringspunkter och avståndet mellan användarnas blick och stimuli. Ingen statistisk signifikans hittades mellan de modifierade gränssnitten mellan tidseffektivitet, effektivitet och noggrannhet. Däremot indikerades en mer tidseffektiv och effektiv kalibreringsmetod, utan minskad noggrannhet, genom användningen av ett stimuli som rör sig snabbare med blickmedvetna regioner som växer. Dessutom skulle kalibreringsprocessen kunna förbättras om enbart engagemang med skärmen används genom smooth-pursuit kalibrering
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Ward, John Jason. "Measurement of the photon structure function with special attention to the low-X region." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338768.
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Lease, Cynthia Ann. "Differential Family Characteristics of High and Low Aggressive Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625550.
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Karanouh-Schuler, Eran James. "COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF COFFEE CONSUMPTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LOW VERSUS HIGH SLEEP QUALITY." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1399309032.
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Ohlinger, Christina M. "The Effect of Active Workstation Use on Measures of Cognition, Attention and Motor Skill." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1247679643.
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Pilgrim, Kamala. "Mechanisms underlying cortisol reactivity to stress in low and high socioeconomic status individuals : role of naturally-occurring attentional biases." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116040.
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This Master's dissertation explored whether a rapid orienting of attention toward or away from social stress information during a restful state, relates to the magnitude of glucocorticoids (GC) released in response to a stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). It also assessed whether childhood rearing in a low socioeconomic status (SES) context mediates this relationship. Subjects rested for 45 minutes during which time they completed a modified version of Posner's attention paradigm, comprising social stress words. Immediately following, participants were exposed to the stressor. Results indicated that a rapid attentional engagement toward social stress words associated with pronounced GC responses to the TSST. Fast engagers displayed lower self-esteem and did not differ in terms of their past SES. These findings demonstrate that attentional biases for social stress information at rest combine with diminished self-esteem to predict the magnitude of GC released during psychological stress irrespective of early SES conditions.
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Bedi, Aman. "The effects of response probability on commission errors in high go low no-go dual response versions of the sustained attention to response task (SART)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10520.
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In the current investigation, we modified the high Go low No-Go Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) by replacing the single response on Go trials with a dual response (dual response SART or DR SART). In three experiments a total of 80 participants completed the SART and versions of the DR SART in which response probabilities varied from 50-50, through 70-30 to 90-10. The probability of No-Go withhold stimuli was .11 in all experiments. Using a dynamic utility based model proposed by Peebles and Bothell (2004) we predicted that the 50-50 DR-SART would dramatically reduce commission errors. Additionally, the model predicted that the probability of commission errors to be an increasing function of response frequency. Both predictions were confirmed. Although the increasing rate of commission errors with response probability can also be accommodated by the rationale originally proposed for the SART by its creators (Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, 1997) the fact that the current DR SART results and SART findings in general can be accommodated by a utility model without need for any attention processes is a challenge to views that ascribe commission errors to lapses of sustained attention.
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Roueche, Cambrie Nicole. "The Effect of Using Low Dose Exposure to a Humanoid Robot to Elicit Social Engagement Behaviors in Children with Autism Interacting with a Familiar Adult." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3621.
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This study examined the effects of low dose exposure to a humanoid robot on the social engagement skills of four children with autism during select activities with a familiar adult. Participants included two males and two females who ranged in age from four to nine at the commencement of the study. The current study was part of a larger investigation focused on the effect of exposure to a robot on social engagement with a variety of social partners and situations. Children participated in variable multiple baseline sessions followed by a varied number of sessions of traditional treatment. After traditional treatment, the children participated in 40 minutes of traditional intervention paired with 10 minutes of exposure to a robot designed to elicit social communication skills. The final sessions consisted of follow up assessments. Pre- and posttreatment data were compared and analyzed. Results showed variable performance for each of the participants. Findings and areas of future research are discussed.
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Purcell, Sheila Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The education of attention to dreaming in high and low frequency dream recallers; the effects on dream self-reflectiveness lucidity and control." Ottawa, 1987.
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Melendrez, Ruiz Juliana. "Understanding the low consumption of pulses among French non vegetarian consumers : combining direct and indirect approaches to identify barriers and opportunities." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK030.
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L’objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre quels sont les barrières à la consommation de légumes secs chez les consommateurs français non végétariens, en combinant des méthodes directes, indirectes et implicites.Après avoir montré que les représentations sociales des consommateurs sont très différentes de celles des professionnels de la filière, nous avons exploré les représentations mentales, croyances et connaissances des légumes secs chez les consommateurs. Ceci a fait apparaitre que même si les participants de nos études avaient des connaissances sur les légumes secs, ils les choisissaient peu. De plus, ils associaient plutôt les legumes secs avec la viande, qui occupe pour eux la place centrale du repas. La difficulté de préparation des légumes secs semble être un frein majeur à leur consommation. Leur niveau de transformation est un autre facteur qui influence fortement les représentations mentales qu’en ont les consommateurs.Une étude en supermarché virtuel a montré que l’attention visuelle envers les légumes secs est différente de celle accordée à d’autres produits, et qu’elle est influencée par le rayon dans lequel ils sont présentés. Nous avons évalué l’influence de stratégies pour augmenter les choix des légumes secs dans un environnement de supermarché virtuel, par le moyen de « nudges » et de contextes évoqués qui soulignaient des motivations de choix différentes. Nous avons mis en évidence un choix plus élevé de légumes secs dans certains de ces contextes (ex: une motivation pour l’environnement tend à augmenter les choix de légumes secs). En revanche, la stratégie utilisant des « nudges » seuls n’a pas augmenté le choix des légumes secs. Mais, lorsqu’on combine ces deux stratégies, des modifications de choix chez certains participants sont observées.Une dernière étude a permis de comparer les représentations sociales des légumes secs pour les consommateurs français et espagnols dans un contexte cross-culturel, et a montré des éléments partagés dans les représentations de ces deux populations, et des éléments spécifiques à chaque culture et au niveau d’éducation des participants.L’ensemble de ces résultats nous a permis de proposer un certain nombre de recommandations destinées à l’industrie, aux autorités nationales et au monde de la recherche, pour contribuer à l’augmentation de la consommation de légumes secs en FranceThe objective of this thesis was to understand the barriers related to the consumption of pulses by French non-vegetarian consumers, by combining direct, indirect and implicit approaches.After showing that the social representations of consumers towards pulses are very different from those of professionals of the industry, we explored the mental representations, beliefs and knowledge about pulses among consumers. We showed that, even if the participants in our study had knowledge regarding pulses, they did not choose them frequently and associated them mostly with meat, which holds the central place of their meal. The difficulty of preparation of pulses seems to be a major obstacle to their consumption. Their level of transformation is another factor that has a strong influence on consumers’ mental representations.A study in a virtual supermarket showed that visual attention is different towards pulses and other food-groups and that the shelf in which pulses are presented influences the visual attention of consumers. We evaluated the influence of strategies to increase pulses choice in a virtual supermarket, using nudges and contexts that highlighted different buying motivations. We found a higher choice of pulses in some contexts. In particular, a motivation for the environment tends to increase the choice of pulses. Te strategy using nudges alone did not increase the choice of pulses. However, when these two strategies were combined, some participants modified their choices.A final study allowed us to compare the social representations of pulses for French and Spanish consumers in a cross-cultural context; it showed that some elements are shared in the representations of these two populations, while other elements are specific to a culture, and to the level of education of the participants.All these results enabled us to propose some recommendations for the industry, national authorities and the research, to help to promote pulses consumption in France
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Tinarwo, David. "Design of village power and micro-grids for rural areas of Zimbabwe with specific attention to voltage regulation on low voltage meshed distribution grids." Kassel Kassel Univ. Press, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992891205/04.
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Kelly, Sioban Colette. "Structural and functional MRI studies of pain behaviour, selective attention and fear of pain in pain-free volunteers and chronic low back pain patients." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569583.
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The aim of the original work presented in this thesis was to investigate morphological and functional differences in clinical and control populations, which may negatively impact the experience of pain. Firstly, morphological differences were investigated between groups of healthy controls and chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Included in the latter were subgroups of patients not previously investigated in the current morphological literature, those with and without pain behaviour. We investigated differences in gray matter (GM) volume between groups using an automated whole brain technique, and a manual method applied to two regions of interest, namely prefrontal cortex and insular cortex. A deficit in GM volume of right dorsal prefrontal cortex between CLBP patients and controls was found, with a further deficit in left insular cortex for CLBP patients with concomitant pain behaviour. Secondly, we conducted two studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a task of selective attention. Our initial investigation provided a proof of principle regarding the suitability of a semantic dot probe task within the fMRI environment. Pain-free participants were grouped based upon fear of pain scores. The results indicated differential behavioural and functional results between the groups. The thesis culminates with an fMRl study investigating selective attention in CLBP patients with pain behaviour. The clinical group were tested prior to and on completion of an intensive multidisciplinary pain management programme (PMP), with the aim of assessing if selective attention is sensitive to cognitive interventions. Selective attentional bias was demonstrated in the clinical group for pain-related trials at both testing sessions, although the direction of attention differed. Similarly, fMRI results showed differences in neural correlates for task performance between groups, with pre-PMP results demonstrating a reliance on semantic and memory processes. The fmdings suggest that fear of pain may be a vulnerability factor in the transition from acute to chronic pain and furthermore, CLBP patients with pain behaviour have structural, functional and behavioural differences which may negatively impact their ability to cope with their pain condition.
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NAGATA, Masako, Saori YAMASHITA, 雅子 永田, and 沙織 山下. "低出生体重児の社会的発達に関する研究の概観." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17857.
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Zagni, Gioia. "Upcycling food industry by-products. Bringing the circular economy to the attention of decision makers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24405/.
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Food wastage represents a massive issue in today's society. It impacts the environment (e.g., climate change, resources depletion, biodiversity loss), society (e.g. food security), and the global economy. All the stakeholders could change systemically to transition towards the circular economy. Corporates must involve leadership, employees, suppliers, and consumers to build a more efficient and resilient system where waste and by-products generation is limited. The unavoidable waste could be valorized to new raw materials to reduce the environmental impact of their disposal. This thesis focuses on Barilla (the Italian food company since 1877) and its willingness to valorize by-products (e.g. bread crust), maximizing all aspects of sustainability: economy, ecology, and social equity. First, the author formed an Upcycling Team, an inter-functional group of voluntaries, to define Barilla's criteria for by-products valorization. Afterwards, the Team screened the possible bread crust valorization options (e.g. food product, beer, and animal feed production) using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a decision-making tool that allows selecting the best alternative under conflicting criteria. The method's strength is the ability to judge the elements in pairs and use qualitative evaluation. The AHP suggested that producing a food product (e.g. rusk) is the most sustainable option. Furthermore, the author carried out a partial Life Cycle Assessment to compare the global warming potential (GWP) of the production of upcycled rusk to animal feed accounting for the avoided production of the standard products. She demonstrated that producing upcycled rusks using 1 kg of bread crust results in greater net-reduction of GHG emissions than upcycled animal feed. These findings may push Barilla to implement an upcycled food product designed by adopting the eco-design approach to implement a sustainable food product from its raw materials to its end-of-life.
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Tinarwo, David [Verfasser]. "Design of village power and micro-grids for rural areas of Zimbabwe with specific attention to voltage regulation on low voltage meshed distribution grids / David Tinarwo." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1006972293/34.
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Watabe, Yuko. "Is Positive Bias in Children with ADHD a Function of Low Competency or a Function of ADHD Status?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1417464956.
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Clansy, Pauline Amos. "The effect of high and low anxiety on level of motivation, length of stay in treatment, and intrapsychic focus of attention in Veterans Administration drug-abuse patients." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/458525.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of high and low anxiety on motivation for treatment, length of stay in treatment, and intrapsychic focus of attention in Veterans Administration drug-abuse patients. The dependent variables were measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Reasons For Seeking Treatment Inventory (RFST), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Psychopathic State Inventory (PSI), and the total number of days each subject participated in the treatment program. The major hypothesis was stated in the null form.The PSI and the STAI were used to measure motivation for seeking treatment. The MMPI and the RFST were used to measure intrapsychic focus of attention.On admission and on day 60, the subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group and the subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group were not found to he significantly different, as measured by the STAI and the PSI, and intrapsychic focus of attention, as measured by the MMPI and the RFST.This study revealed that the subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group developed a higher level of motivation than the subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group. The Subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group stayed in treatment longer than the subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group. Subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group focused more on intrapsychic issues than subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group.
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Chuy, Quiñones Maria de Fatima Yurico. "Principales motivos de consulta en el servicio de Terapia Física de un centro universitario de salud en Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651999.
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Objetivo: Describir principales motivos de consulta de pacientes atendidos en el servicio de terapia física en el Centro Universitario de Salud de UPC.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal analítico. Se evaluó motivo de consulta y cumplimiento de atenciones. Las variables categóricas (sexo, ocupación, actividad física, motivo de consulta, área corporal, tipo de atención recibida y cumplimiento de atenciones) fueron presentadas mediante frecuencia absoluta (n) y porcentaje (%). La única variable cuantitativa (edad), se presentó mediante mediana y rango intercuartílico, ya que, no presentó distribución normal. Análisis bivariado fue dicotomizado (< 6 sesiones y ≥ 6 sesiones), factor categórico utilizó prueba de Chi2 o prueba exacta de Fisher; factor edad, prueba de K medianas para establecer diferencias entre ambos grupos. Ánálisis multivariado, para cálculo de razón de prevalencia (RP), calculando RP cruda y RP ajustada a otras variables, mediante intervalo de confianza (95%). Se determinó p valor < o igual a 0,05.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 171 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en servicio de terapia física con predominio masculino (54.4%). Prevalencia de motivo de consulta fue dolor en columna lumbar (12.3%) y columna cervical (11.7%). En ocupación, (50.3%) trabajaban y (32.7 %) fueron estudiantes; (42.1%) practicaban al menos un deporte. Tipo de atención recibida (71.9%) fue dada por estudiantes internos.
Conclusiones: El principal motivo de consulta es dolor músculoesquelético (78.4%). El cumplimiento de atenciones es (59.1%). El género masculino es el más predominante, (30.4%) eran profesionales. El área corporal más consultado fue columna lumbar (12.3%). No se encontraron factores asociados al cumplimiento de atenciones.Objective: Describe main reasons for consulting patients treated in physical therapy service at the University Health Center in UPC. Methods: Descriptive study of analytical cross section. The reason for consultation and compliance with attentions were evaluated. The categorical variables (sex, occupation, physical activity, reason for consultation, body area, type of care received and compliance with care) were performed using absolute frequency (n) and percentage (%). The only quantitative variable (age) was presented using the median and interquartile range, since there was no normal distribution. Bivariate analysis was dichotomized (<6 sessions and ≥ 6 sessions), a categorical factor determined by Chi2 test or Fisher's exact test; age factor, median K test to establish differences between both groups. Multivariate analysis, calculation of prevalence ratio (RP), calculation of crude RP and RP adjusted to other variables, using a confidence interval (95%). P value
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Mirabile, Scott. "Maternal and Temperamental Influences on Children's Emotion Regulation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/370.
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Toddler-aged children are expected to shift from being solely dependent on parents to regulate their emotion (e.g., Fox & Calkins, 2003) to being able to independently regulate their emotions (Calkins & Johnson, 1998). Mothers' responses to children's negative emotions are expected to influence this development. Children's temperamental negative reactivity was found to moderate the effect of mothers' socialization attempts on children's regulatory behaviors, as suggested by previous theoretical and empirical work (e.g., Putnam, Sanson, & Rothbart, 2002; Rothbart & Bates, 1998). Specifically, highly negatively reactive children showed no correspondence between their mothers' attention-shifting strategies and their own attentionshifting regulation behaviors. This finding is consistent with the proposed process by which temperamentally reactive children become overaroused and unreceptive to mothers' socialization efforts (Hoffman, 1983; Scaramella & Leve, 2004). Lastly, children's reactivity did not moderate the effects of mothers' emotion-intensifying socialization on children's emotion-intensifying regulation behaviors, a finding which deserves further study.
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Taylor, Nathaniel. "Diagnostics of stator insulatin by dielectric response and variable frequency partial discharge measurements : a study of varied low frequencies in stator insulation, with particular attention to end-winding stress-grading." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Avdelningen för elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, Kungliga tekniska högskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4209.
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Lasselin, Julie. "L’inflammation chronique à bas bruit et ses relations avec la fatigue et les altérations cognitives chez les patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22001/document.
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Les cytokines, produites lors de l’activation du système immunitaire, ont la capacité d’agir au niveau du système nerveux central et d’induire diverses altérations comportementales. Lorsque l’activation du système de l’immunité innée devient chronique, ces altérations comportementales peuvent évoluer en véritables symptômes neuropsychiatriques. La physiopathologie des symptômes neuropsychiatriques qui se développent dans un contexte d’inflammation chronique à bas bruit, c’est-à-dire caractérisé par une activation chronique des processus immunitaires mais à un niveau relativement faible, est peu connue et reste à déterminer. L’implication de l’inflammation chronique à bas bruit dans les symptômes de fatigue et les altérations cognitives constitue l’élément d’étude principal de ce travail de thèse. Les troubles métaboliques, tels que l’obésité et le diabète de type 2, sont de bons modèles pour une telle étude. Ces deux pathologies sont en effet caractérisées par une inflammation chronique à bas bruit qui proviendrait, au moins en partie, du tissu adipeux. De plus, la fatigue et les altérations cognitives sont fréquentes chez les patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques. Compte tenu du rôle connu de l’inflammation dans la physiopathologie de ces altérations comportementales, leur développement dans des contextes de troubles métaboliques pourrait également être lié à l’activation chronique à bas bruit de processus inflammatoires. Différents objectifs ont été définis pour tester cette hypothèse : 1) caractériser et spécifier les symptômes de fatigue et les altérations cognitives chez des patients diabétiques ou obèses ; 2) évaluer la relation entre inflammation systémique et état inflammatoire du tissu adipeux ; 3) étudier l’association de l’inflammation chronique à bas bruit avec les symptômes de fatigue et les altérations cognitives des patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques. Nos résultats indiquent que la fatigue, en particulier la fatigue générale et physique, représente une caractéristique fondamentale des troubles métaboliques. Des perturbations cognitives, se traduisant par un ralentissement psychomoteur dans un test de temps de réaction ainsi qu’une altération de performance dans une tâche de planification spatiale, ont également été décelées chez les patients diabétiques de type 2, particulièrement ceux sous insulinothérapie, et chez les patients obèses. Des altérations mineures étaient également mesurées dans une tâche d’empan spatial rétrograde chez les patients obèses. En ce qui concerne les données biologiques, nos résultats indiquent diverses associations entre l’inflammation systémique et l’expression des marqueurs inflammatoires (cytokines inflammatoires, dont le MCP1, et marqueurs des cellules T) dans le tissu adipeux viscéral des patients obèses. De façon intéressante, l’inflammation systémique à bas bruit était associée aux dimensions de fatigue (générale, mentale, réduction des activités et de la motivation) et aux altérations de performance dans les tests ciblant les fonctions exécutives. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats supportent l’hypothèse de l’implication des macrophages et des lymphocytes T du tissu adipeux dans l’état inflammatoire systémique associé à l’obésité. Il suggère en outre que l’inflammation systémique à bas bruit pourrait participer au développement de la fatigue et des altérations cognitives chez les patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques. Ce travail de thèse offre une caractérisation précise des symptômes de fatigue et des altérations cognitives associées aux troubles métaboliques. En outre, ce travail apporte d’importantes informations sur les relations de l’inflammation chronique à bas bruit avec ces symptômes, et permet d’affiner les hypothèses relatives à l’implication de processus inflammatoires dans la physiopathologie de ces altérationsCytokines produced during the activation of the immune system have the ability to act within the central nervous system and to induce a large number of behavioral alterations. When the activation of immune system becomes chronic and unregulated, these behavioral alterations may lead to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms that develop in conditions of chronic low-grade inflammation context (i.e., characterized by a chronic but low activation of inflammatory processes), remains unknown. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of low-grade inflammation in the development of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. These conditions are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, manifesting by higher blood concentrations of inflammatory factors. This inflammatory state would originate, at least partially, from the adipose tissue. Moreover, fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations are common in metabolic disorders. Given the role of inflammation in the physiopathology of these symptoms, their development could also rely on chronic low-grade inflammatory processes. Several objectives were defined to test this hypothesis: 1) to characterize fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in obese and diabetic patients; 2) to assess the relationship of systemic inflammation with the inflammatory state of the adipose tissue; and 3) to investigate the association of low-grade inflammation with fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders. Fatigue symptoms and cognitive function were respectively assessed using the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and the neuropsychological tests automated battery CANTAB in diabetic patients (type 1 and type 2) and in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. A control group was included for each model (obesity and type 2 diabetes). Circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers, as well as expression of inflammatory markers in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients, were measured. Our results indicate that fatigue symptoms, especially in the dimensions of general and physical fatigue, represent fundamental characteristics of patients suffering from metabolic disorders. In addition, cognitive alterations (psychomotor slowing and alterations in spatial planning performance) were measured in type 2 diabetic patients, more particularly those under insulin treatment, and in obese patients. Slight alterations in the test of backward spatial span were measured in obese patients. With respect to biological data, our results indicate significant relationships between systemic inflammation and inflammatory markers (inflammatory cytokines, including MCP1, and T-cell markers) in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients. Interestingly, chronic low-grade inflammation was associated with fatigue symptoms (general fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity and motivation) and performance alterations in tests assessing executive functions. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis of the involvement of the adipose macrophages and T lymphocytes in the systemic inflammatory state associated with obesity. Moreover, these results suggest that systemic low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic disorders may contribute to the physiopathology of fatigue and cognitive alterations in these conditions. In conclusion, these studies provide a precise characterization of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. In addition, this thesis work gives interesting information about the relationships of chronic low-grade inflammation and fatigue and cognitive symptoms, and refines hypotheses regarding the involvement of inflammatory processes in the physiopathology of these symptoms in patients with diabetes or obesity
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Sinatra, Anne M. "The Impact of Degraded Speech and Stimulus Familiarity in a Dichotic Listening Task." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5502.
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It has been previously established that when engaged in a difficult attention intensive task, which involves repeating information while blocking out other information (the dichotic listening task), participants are often able to report hearing their own names in an unattended audio channel (Moray, 1959). This phenomenon, called the cocktail party effect is a result of words that are important to oneself having a lower threshold, resulting in less attention being necessary to process them (Treisman, 1960). The current studies examined the ability of a person who was engaged in an attention demanding task to hear and recall low-threshold words from a fictional story. These low-threshold words included a traditional alert word, “fire” and fictional character names from a popular franchise—Harry Potter. Further, the role of stimulus degradation was examined by including synthetic and accented speech in the task to determine how it would impact attention and performance. In Study 1 participants repeated passages from a novel that was largely unfamiliar to them, The Secret Garden while blocking out a passage from a much more familiar source, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Each unattended Harry Potter passage was edited so that it would include 4 names from the series, and the word “fire” twice. The type of speech present in the attended and unattended ears (Natural or Synthetic) was varied to examine the impact that processing a degraded speech would have on performance. The speech that the participant shadowed did not impact unattended recall, however it did impact shadowing accuracy. The speech type that was present in the unattended ear did impact the ability to recall low-threshold, Harry Potter information. When the unattended speech type was synthetic, significantly less Harry Potter information was recalled. Interestingly, while Harry Potter information was recalled by participants with both high and low Harry Potter experience, the traditional low-threshold word, “fire” was not noticed by participants. In order to determine if synthetic speech impeded the ability to report low-threshold Harry Potter names due to being degraded or simply being different than natural speech, Study 2 was designed. In Study 2 the attended (shadowed) speech was held constant as American Natural speech, and the unattended ear was manipulated. An accent which was different than the native accent of the participants was included as a mild form of degradation. There were four experimental stimuli which contained one of the following in the unattended ear: American Natural, British Natural, American Synthetic and British Synthetic. Overall, more unattended information was reported when the unattended channel was Natural than Synthetic. This implies that synthetic speech does take more working memory processing power than even an accented natural speech. Further, it was found that experience with the Harry Potter franchise played a role in the ability to report unattended Harry Potter information. Those who had high levels of Harry Potter experience, particularly with audiobooks, were able to process and report Harry Potter information from the unattended stimulus when it was British Natural. While, those with low Harry Potter experience were not able to report unattended Harry Potter information from this slightly degraded stimulus. Therefore, it is believed that the previous audiobook experience of those in the high Harry Potter experience group acted as training and resulted in less working memory being necessary to encode the unattended Harry Potter information. A pilot study was designed in order to examine the impact of story familiarity in the attended and unattended channels of a dichotic listening task. In the pilot study, participants shadowed a Harry Potter passage (familiar) in one condition with a passage from The Secret Garden (unfamiliar) playing in the unattended ear. A second condition had participants shadowing The Secret Garden (unfamiliar) with a passage from Harry Potter (familiar) present in the unattended ear. There was no significant difference in the number of unattended names recalled. Those with low Harry Potter experience reported significantly less attended information when they shadowed Harry Potter than when they shadowed The Secret Garden. Further, there appeared to be a trend such that those with high Harry Potter experience were reporting more attended information when they shadowed Harry Potter than The Secret Garden. This implies that experience with a franchise and characters may make it easier to recall information about a passage, while lack of experience provides no assistance. Overall, the results of the studies indicate that we do treat fictional characters in a way similarly to ourselves. Names and information about fictional characters were able to break through into attention during a task that required a great deal of attention. The experience one had with the characters also served to assist the working memory in processing the information in degraded circumstances. These results have important implications for training, design of alerts, and the use of popular media in the classroom.ID: 031001451; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Valerie K. Sims.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 2, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-173).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Human Factors Psychology
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Williamsson, Frida. "Physical and psychosocial effects related to sleep inchildren with neurodevelopmental disorders : A study of the relationship between motor proficiency, sleep efficiency and possible influencing factors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60387.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep patterns, motor proficiency and commonly co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in children, attitude to physical activity, mental health, and age. The study also looked at differences in sleep efficiency, as well as, perceived adequacy in physical activity between typically developing children and children with low motor proficiency. The sample consisted of 127 participants, 6-12 years old living in Perth, Western Australia. 51% participants were considered typically developing and 49% to have low motor proficiency. Motor proficiency, indications of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and anxiety/depression, adequacy in, or predilection for physical activity did not show a relationship to sleep efficiency. Significant differences between groups in sleep efficiency or adequacy in physical activity were not found. No interaction effect of neurodevelopmental disorders were identified. Sleep in children with movement impairments caused by neurodevelopmental disorders is an area where continued studies are of great importance. Although no relationship was identified in the current study, previous research has suggested sleep may play an important role for development and optimal everyday functioning. A better understanding of physical and psychological consequences and possible contributing factors of low motor proficiency in childhood is important as the risk of long-term dysfunction in emotional, cognitive and physical areas may be reduced in an optimal environment.
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Ward, Helen. "The "adequacy of their attention": gender-bias & the introductory law course in Australian law schools /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LM/09lmw258.pdf.
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Lee, Chul Woo. "A socio-rhetorical analysis of Romans 7 : with special attention to the law." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52132.
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Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to interpret Romans 7 with special reference to the law. Both Romans 7 and the law in Paul are very difficult to understand. However, both are important for an understanding of Pauline theology and the gospel. In the past historical critical analyses were usually done in order to solve problematic passages like Romans 7 in Paul's letters. In this study a socio-rhetorical analysis is utilized. To start with, previous research is briefly dealt with in order obtain an overall picture of the understanding of the law in the past. From this overview more than ten problem areas are identified. Then, socio-rhetorical analysis is briefly explained. This is a multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary method developed by Vernon Robbins, which sees the text as having various textures. In this research the method is utilized with some modifications. In chapter 4 the macrostructure of Romans is established by means of epistolary analysis and rhetorical analysis. Next, Rom. 7 is established as a rhetorical unit within Rom. 5-8 as the broader co-text of Rom. 7. After that the rhetorical situation of Romans is discussed, as well as some of Paul's rhetorical devices and styles. Finally, the rhetorical species of Romans is determined as deliberative rhetoric. From chapters 5 to 7, Rom. 7 is analyzed, using different textual analyses. In an analysis of inner texture repetitive-progressive texture, opening-middle-closing texture, and argumentative texture are discussed. Here an enthymemic analysis is used in order to chart Paul's argumentative flow of thought. From this it is concluded that Rom. 7: 1-6 is an analogy, which is an important tool for argumentation, and that the present tense in Rom. 7:14-25 functions as part of a combination of autobiographical-typical-rhetorical features for the purpose of argumentation. In the analysis of intertexture the scriptural intertexture is investigated: recitation with omission and thematic elaboration. In the cultural intertextual analysis some Jewish cultural intertextures are noted, namely, Rom. 7:8-10 as an allusion to both Gen. 3 and Exod. 3, Paul's usage of the "1," the law, slavery image, and the evil inclination. It is also interesting that Rom. 7: 15 & 19 and the "I" are allusions to Greek tragedy, sin as power, and slavery as Greco-Roman cultural intertexture. In analyzing the social intertexture it can be concluded that the marriage analogy is closer to Jewish marriage than to Greco-Roman marriage. The final analysis is an investigation of the theological texture. Here salvation history and the covenant of God are first dealt with in order to get to grips with Paul's theological world. Then, Pauline hamartiology, anthropology, and finally, nomism are investigated. The conclusion is that VOl-lOS' in Rom. 7 mostly denotes the universal moral law of God, both written and unwritten, not just the Mosaic law; though in some cases it denotes "principle" or "rule" as in vv. 21-25. Rom. 7 as a whole is a refutation of the objection or misunderstanding that might be raised regarding Paul's statements of the law in previous chapters. In Rom. 7 Paul elaborates the relationship between believers and the law, and the function of the law in relation to sin in an unregenerate person. In so doing, he vehemently denies that the law is sin, and vividly indicates the function of the law using his own experience.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing fokus op Rom. 7 met spesifieke verwysing na die wet. Hoewel sowel die wet by Paulus en Rom. 7 moeilike onderwerpe is om te verstaan, is beide van besondere belang vir In verstaan van die teologie van Paulus en die evangelie. In die verlede is gewoonlik van histories-kritiese studies gebruik gemaak in die bestudering van sulke probleme. Hier word van In sosio-retoriese benadering gebruik gemaak. Daar word eers aandag gegee aan vorige navorsing om In beeld te kry van die wyse waarop die wet in die verlede verstaan is. Na aanleiding van hierdie oorsig word meer as tien probleemareas geidentifiseer. Vervolgens word In kort uiteensetting van sosio-retoriese analise gegee. Dit is In multidimensionele en multidissiplinere benadering wat deur Vernon Robbins ontwikkel is en wat In teks as In hegte eenheid van verskillende teksture sien. In hierdie studie word hierdie metode gebruik, ofskoon met In paar aanpassings. Die makrostruktuur van Romeine word in hoofstuk 4 met behulp van In epistolere en retoriese analise nagegaan. Daarna word Rom. 7 as In retoriese eenheid binne Rom. 5-8 as die breer ko-teks van Rom.7 aangedui. Vervolgens word die retoriese situasie van Romeine asook bepaalde retoriese tegnieke en strategiee van Paulus bespreek. Die standpunt word ingeneem dat Romeine as deliberatiewe retoriek beskou moet word. In hoofstukke 5 tot 7 word die verskillende teksture van Rom. 7 aan die orde gestel. Die herhalend-progressiewe tekstuur, begin-middel-slot tekstuur en die argumentatiewe tekstuur word ondersoek om die interne tekstuur vas te stel. In Analise van die ethumeme in die teks lewer ook In bydrae om die vloei van die argument te kan volg. Hieruit volg dat Rom. 7:1-6 as In analogie beskou moet word, wat In belangrike rniddel in argumentasie was. Verder kan afgelei word dat die teenswoordige tydsvorm in Rom. 7: 14-25 In onderdeel is van die kombinasie van outobiografies-tipies-retoriese kenmerke wat in argumentasie gebruik word. In die bestudering van die intertekstuur word aandag aan die volgende voorbeelde van skriftelike intertekstuur gegee: resitasie (met weglatings) en die uitbou van In tema. By die bestudering van die kulturele intertekstuele analise kom voorbeelde van Joodse intertekstuur aan die orde: Rom. 7:8-10 as toespeling op Gen. 3 en Eks. 3, Paulus se gebruik van die "ek", die wet, die beeld van slawe en die bose begeerte. Verder kan Rom.7:15, 19 en die "ek" as toespelings op Griekse tragedies, die sonde as mag, en slawemy as Grieks-Romeinse kulturele intertekstuur gesien kan word. Wat die sosiale intertekstuur betref word bevind dat die analogie van die huwelik meer verwantskap met die Joodse huwelik as met die Grieks- Romeinse huwelik vertoon. Ten slotte word die teologiese tekstuur ondersoek. Eers word aandag gegee aan die heilsgeskiedenis en die verbond van God om In begrip van die teologiese wereld van Paulus te verkry. Daama word die hamartologie, antropologie en ten slotte die wet by Paulus ondersoek. Daar word bevind dat VOl-lOS" in Rom. 7 meestal die universele morele wet van God, geskrewe en ongeskrewe, en nie net die wet van Moses nie, aandui. In bepaalde gevalle, soos in Rom.7:21-25, beteken dit "beginsel" of reel." Rom.7 is in sy geheel'n verwerping van die beswaar of misverstand wat na aanleiding van Paulus se uitsprake oor die wet in die vorige hoofstukke kon ontstaan het. Paulus stel in Rom.7 die verhouding tussen gelowiges en die wet aan die orde asook die funksie van die wet met betrekking tot sonde by die onbekeerde. Op hierdie wyse ontken hy ten sterkste dat die wet sonde is terwyl hy ook die funksie van die wet met behulp van sy eie ervaring uitbeeld.
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Dandeneau, Stéphane Daniel Mulaire. "Toward breaking the vicious cycle of low self-esteem with rejection-inhibiting attentional training." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103374.
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Self-esteem involves a variety of cognitive processes that help people perceive, interpret, and process social information. A central component of people's self-esteem is their sense of belonging and feelings of acceptance. It follows that people react strongly to social rejection and that being attuned to signs of real or potential social rejection can serve a self-protection function. However, being overly attuned and sensitive to social rejection can have a paradoxical effect, whereby aberrant attentional processes can contribute to the perpetuation of the vicious cycle of low self-esteem. The goal of the research presented in this dissertation was twofold: to investigate whether people with low self-esteem are more vigilant for rejection information, and to investigate whether a rejection-inhibiting attentional training task that reduces their vigilance for rejection can help buffer against social and performance threats. I hypothesized that people with low self-esteem are more vigilant for rejection information than for acceptance information. I also hypothesized that training people, particularly those with low self-esteem, to inhibit and disengage from rejection promotes effective regulation of emotions and has positive psychological, behavioural, and physiological effects. Results from the first study show that people with low self-esteem have a greater attentional bias for rejection than for acceptance information. Across 7 other studies, participants with low self-esteem trained to inhibit rejection with a specially designed attentional training task showed a lower rejection bias for rejection information, less feelings of rejection after overt rejection, and less ineffective persistence. Regardless of level of self-esteem, participants trained to inhibit rejection showed less interfering thoughts about rejection while working on a task, higher state self-esteem after having been rejected and experiencing failure, less stress about their final exam, increases in self-esteem and decreases in perceived stress after a stressful work week, lower levels of cortisol, and increases in sales performance. Following a vicious cycle framework of low self-esteem and social stress, these results show that attentional bias training can circumvent the experience of social stress and possibly break the vicious cycle of low self-esteem.
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Pretti, Liziane Cristina. "Sinais sugestivos de transtorno déficit de atenção e hiperatividade de crianças com histórico de nascimento prematuro extremo e baixo peso." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3176.
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Children born premature and extreme birth weight are more likely to have cognitive, neuropathological and behavioral changes such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early identification of ADHD is important because it is known that the effects caused by this disorder in school and personal lives may pass into adulthood, and the social and educational impact can cause those students requiring specialized educational assistance. In this sense, the present study aimed at identifying early signs suggestive of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children at 3 years of age with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight. The sample comprised 29 children with a history of extreme prematurity and low birth weight with 3 years old now, enrolled in municipal schools. Participants were first characterized with the CCEB (Economic Classification Criterion Brazil) to homogenize the sample. After, were evaluated with the SDQ questionnaire version Pa 3/4 years (for the parents) and version Pr 3/4 years (for teachers). We also used the Denver II screening test in order to evaluate the overall development of these children and relate to behavioral findings. From the statistical correlation - Pearson Correlation - the data we found that there was a significant correlation between the variables IG with hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pa (R= -,465*), correlation between IG and birth weight with the hyperactivity subscale, indicated by SDQ Pr ( R= -,528**; R= -,429*, respectivamente). All these correlations were significantly negative which confirms findings in the literature, that is, the lower gestational age and birth weight, the greater are the chances of having behavioral problems suggestive of ADHD. It was also verified that parents and teachers rated similarly children's development. It is concluded that children with a history of preterm birth and low birth weight have signs suggestive of ADHD at 3 years of age, and that the performance of screening for early detection of these signals facilitates therapeutic intervention and can thereby reduce the performance impact academic school with a history of extreme preterm birth and low birth weight.
Crianças nascidas prematuras extremas e com baixo peso, igual ou inferior a 2500g, estão mais propensas a apresentarem alterações cognitivas e neuropatológicas, bem como alterações comportamentais, tais como o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). A identificação precoce do TDAH é importante, pois sabe-se que as repercussões causadas por este transtorno na vida escolar e pessoal podem repercutir até a vida adulta, e o impacto social e educacional pode fazer com que esses alunos necessitem de assistência educacional especializada. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo geral identificar sinais precoces sugestivos do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), em crianças aos 3 anos de idade com histórico de nascimento prematuro extremo e baixo peso ao nascer. A amostra foi composta por 29 crianças com histórico de prematuridade extrema e baixo peso ao nascer com 3 anos de idade atual, matriculadas na rede municipal de ensino. Os participantes foram caracterizados primeiramente com o CCEB (Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil), a fim de homogeneizar a amostra. Após foram avaliado com o questionário SDQ versão Pa3/4anos (destinado a pais) e versão Pr3/4 anos (destinado a professores). Foi utilizado também, o teste de triagem Denver II, no intuito de avaliar o desenvolvimento global destas crianças e relacionar com os achados comportamentais. A partir da análise estatística correlacional Correlação de Pearson - dos dados foi possível verificar que houve uma correlação significativa entre as variáveis IG com a subescala hiperatividade, indicados pelo SDQ Pa (R= -,465*), correlação entre IG e peso ao nascer com a subescala hiperatividade, indicados pelo SDQ Pr ( R= -,528**; R= - ,429*, respectivamente). Todas essas correlações se apresentaram significativamente negativa o que corrobora com os achados da literatura, isto é, quanto menor a IG e peso ao nascer, maiores são as chances de apresentarem problemas comportamentais sugestivos de TDAH. Foi possível verificar também, que pais e professores avaliaram de forma semelhante o desenvolvimento das crianças. Conclui-se assim, que crianças com histórico de nascimento prematuro e baixo peso apresentam sinais sugestivos de TDAH aos 3 anos de idade, e que a realização de triagem para detectar precocemente estes sinais facilita a intervenção terapêutica e pode com isso reduzir o impacto no desempenho acadêmico de escolares com histórico de nascimento prematuro extremo e baixo peso.
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Louw, Juanita. "The impact of dietary interventions on the promotion of the classroom health of foundation phase learners with ADD / Juanita Louw." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2356.
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Lindeberg, Tony. "Discrete Scale-Space Theory and the Scale-Space Primal Sketch." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys och datalogi, NADA, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58570.
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This thesis, within the subfield of computer science known as computer vision, deals with the use of scale-space analysis in early low-level processing of visual information. The main contributions comprise the following five subjects: The formulation of a scale-space theory for discrete signals. Previously, the scale-space concept has been expressed for continuous signals only. We propose that the canonical way to construct a scale-space for discrete signals is by convolution with a kernel called the discrete analogue of the Gaussian kernel, or equivalently by solving a semi-discretized version of the diffusion equation. Both the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases are covered. An extensive analysis of discrete smoothing kernels is carried out for one-dimensional signals and the discrete scale-space properties of the most common discretizations to the continuous theory are analysed. A representation, called the scale-space primal sketch, which gives a formal description of the hierarchical relations between structures at different levels of scale. It is aimed at making information in the scale-space representation explicit. We give a theory for its construction and an algorithm for computing it. A theory for extracting significant image structures and determining the scales of these structures from this representation in a solely bottom-up data-driven way. Examples demonstrating how such qualitative information extracted from the scale-space primal sketch can be used for guiding and simplifying other early visual processes. Applications are given to edge detection, histogram analysis and classification based on local features. Among other possible applications one can mention perceptual grouping, texture analysis, stereo matching, model matching and motion. A detailed theoretical analysis of the evolution properties of critical points and blobs in scale-space, comprising drift velocity estimates under scale-space smoothing, a classification of the possible types of generic events at bifurcation situations and estimates of how the number of local extrema in a signal can be expected to decrease as function of the scale parameter. For two-dimensional signals the generic bifurcation events are annihilations and creations of extremum-saddle point pairs. Interpreted in terms of blobs, these transitions correspond to annihilations, merges, splits and creations. Experiments on different types of real imagery demonstrate that the proposed theory gives perceptually intuitive results.QC 20120119
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Hazelwood, Lisa L. Rogers Richard. "Deficits in Miranda comprehension and reasoning the effects of substance use and attention deficits /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12132.
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Pozzobon, Daniel. "Influência do foco atencional nas variáveis cinéticas e cinemáticas da marcha de pessoas com e sem dor lombar crônica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87559.
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A marcha humana, ou locomoção bípede, pode ser definida como sendo umprocesso contínuo de perda e recuperação o equilíbrio a partir da mudança de posição. Durante a marcha normal, a ativação da musculatura da coluna vertebral e acelerações do tronco resultam em ciclos de cargas aplicadas à coluna. O aumento da velocidade de caminhada aumenta a amplitude de movimento da coluna lombar e os níveis de ativação da musculatura ao redor do tronco. A coordenação postural automática alterada associada com lombalgia pode ser resultado de uma variedade de fatores que vão desde a estratégia de movimento escolhida até a diminuição da força exercida sobre a superfície de apoio, passando por mudanças nos níveis de contração muscular por medo do movimento e/ou dor. O foco atencional do indivíduo, quando dirigido a algum fator externo pode alterar a sua percepção da dor e diminuir as alterações em seus padrões de movimento na marcha. Estudos anteriores mostram que a força de reação do solo apresentou alterações significativas entre grupos de pessoas com e sem dor lombar crônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a possível influência do foco atencional no equilíbrio dinâmico de pessoas com dor lombar crônica bem como buscar, na marcha de pessoas com dor lombar crônica clinicamente comprovada, diferentes padrões de movimentos sob diferentes focos atencionais. Além disso, pretendeu-se descrever os efeitos dos diferentes focos atencionais sobre o comportamento das variáveis analisadas na marcha em sujeitos com e sem dor lombar crônica. Fizeram parte do grupo analisado 22 sujeitos que foram orientados, primeiramente, a executar três caminhadas que consistam em, ao menos, três ciclos completos da marcha na velocidade preferida, em linha reta, ao longo da pista de caminhada. Diferentes situações de condução do foco atencional foram utilizadas ao longo das caminhadas que se seguiram. A obtenção dos parâmetros cinemáticos angulares tridimensionais da marcha foi executada através de um sistema de análise de movimentos (Vicon Motion Systems) e os dados cinéticos foram obtidos utilizando-se duas plataformas de força modelo OR6-2000, (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc.,Watertown, MA, EUA). Todos os dados foram tabulados em planilhas eletrônicas do Microsoft Excel 2003 (Microsoft Corp., EUA). A análise estatística foi realizada no software SPSS 13.0, por meio de Análises de Variância entre as diferentes situações de condução do foco atencional e as variáveis analisadas, com nível de significância de 5%. A ANOVA entre as diferentes situações de condução do foco atencional e as variáveis analisadas não mostrou diferenças significativas entre cada tarefa executada simultaneamente à marcha dos indivíduos (p> 0,9). Conclui-se, a partir dos resultados encontrados, que as diferentes situações de condução do foco atencional utilizadas nesse estudo, apesar de referendadas pela bibliografia utilizada como base teórica, não podem ser usadas de maneira consistente como forma de diminuir os efeitos da dor lombar crônica sobre o comportamento das variáveis analisadas na marcha dos indivíduos avaliados nesse estudo.The human gait, or bipedal locomotion, can be defined as the continuous process of losing and regaining balance from the change of a geographic location to another. During normal operation, the activation of the muscles of the spine and trunk accelerations result in load cycles applied to the column and increased walking speed increases the range of motion of the lumbar spine and the activation levels of the muscles around the trunk. Changes in the automatic postural coordination associated with low back pain may result from a variety of factors ranging from the motion strategy chosen to decrease the force exerted on the support surface , through changes in levels of muscular contraction for fear of movement and or pain. The attentional focus of the individual, when directed at some external factor, can change your perception of pain and decrease the changes in their patterns of gait movement. Previous studies show that the ground reaction force significantly changed between groups of people with and without chronic low back pain. The present study aimed to analyze the possible influence of attentional focus on dynamic balance of people with chronic low back pain and seek, in the gait of people with chronic low back pain clinically proven, different movement patterns under different attentional foci. In addition, we intend to describe the effects of different attentional focus on the behavior of the variables in gait in subjects with and without chronic low back pain. Formed the group examined 22 subjects who were asked, first, to run three walks consisting of at least three complete cycles of motion in preferred speed, straight along the hiking trail. Different leading situations of attentional focus were used along the walks that followed. The attainment of the three-dimensional angular kinematic parameters of gait was performed using a motion analysis system ( Vicon Motion Systems) and kinetic data were obtained using two force platforms model OR6 - 2000 ( Advanced Mechanical Technology , Inc. Watertown , MA , USA ) . All data were tabulated in spreadsheets Microsoft Excel 2003 ( Microsoft Corp . , USA ) . Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0, using analysis of variance between the different leading situations of the attentional focus and the other variables, with a significance level of 5 %. The ANOVA between different leading situations of the attentional focus and the other variables showed no significant differences between each task performed simultaneously with the motion of individuals (p > 0.9). It is concluded from the results that the different leading situations of the focus used in this study, although ratified by the bibliography used as a theoretical basis, can’t be used consistently in order to diminish the effects of chronic low back pain about the behavior of the variables in the gait of the subjects in this study.
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Moosa, Najma. "A comparative study of the South African and Islamic law of succession and matrimonial property with especial attention to the implications for the Muslim woman." University of Western Cape, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7497.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Legum - LLMAs a Muslim south African trained in South African Roman-Dutch law, I have been exposed to experiences/situations which indicate a conflict between the principles of South African Roman-Dutch law and Islamic law of succession. This has prompted me to do some research into the history of Islamic law, the spreading of Islamic law over large parts of the world and the question of the recognition and application of Islamic law in South Africa. The central theme of this study is the Islamic law of succession in so far as it affects women. Chapter One of my dissertation contains a brief historical background which outlines on the one hand, the nomadic society, women and succession in pre-Islamic Arabia and on the other, their improved position upon the advent of Islam {seventh century) . It ends with the historical background of Muslims in South Africa. Chapter Two is devoted to the marriage property background against which both the South African and Islamic law of succession operate. Thereafter, in Chapter Three, the South African law and Islamic law (substantive rules} of succession are compared. These include both intestate and testamentary succession, the latter being limited on the Islamic side. Chapter Four, with the backgrounds sketched in Chapters Two and Three, demonstrates the visible internal conflicts between the Islamic and South African law of marriage and succession as encountered in South African practice. After evaluating statistics and alternative solutions in this regard, and having arrived at certain conclusions, I propose that recommendations about the possible recognition and application of Muslim Personal Law in South Africa which is at present enjoying the attention of the South African Law Commission in Project 59 should see fruition and be implemented as it can only assist the society in closer inspection are riddled with controversies. Chapter Six explores the treatment received by a Muslim widow, daughter and mother in terms of their respective fixed "intestate" shares and its implications for modern twentieth century society. which we live since it is a vital aspect affecting our daily lives {and deaths!). Chapter Five covers the whole aspect of the Muslim testator or testatrix' s limited "freedom" of testation and reforms by certain forerunner countries in this regard which on closer inspection are riddled with controversies. Chapter Six explores the treatment received by a Muslim widow, daughter and mother in terms of their respective fixed "intestate" shares and its implications for modern twentieth century society.
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Hazelwood, Lisa L. "Deficits in Miranda Comprehension and Reasoning: The Effects of Substance Use and Attention Deficits." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12132/.
Full textAbstract:
Each year, an estimated 318,000 defendants who do not comprehend the Miranda warnings waive their rights and provide incriminating evidence without the protection of counsel (Rogers, 2008), which make Miranda-related competencies one of the most pervasive pretrial issues. A wide range of issues could potentially affect an individual's capacity to provide a knowing and intelligent waiver. Previous Miranda research has focused narrowly on the effects of cognitive and developmental factors. The current study added to the Miranda literature by examining the impact of two highly prevalent conditions found in correctional populations, attention deficits and substance abuse. Adult defendants in custody (N = 118) were evaluated within 36 hours of arrest in order to assess both chronic psychological disorders and situational variables. Results indicate that attention deficits have a significant impact on defendants' ability to provide a knowing Miranda waiver, whereas substance use profoundly affected their reasoning about Miranda waiver decisions. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the effect of transient mental states on Miranda-related abilities with criminal defendants. Important implications for forensic practice are addressed.
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Kurz, Susanne, Dominik Schoebi, Daniela Dremmel, Wieland Kiess, Simone Munsch, and Anja Hilbert. "Satiety regulation in children with loss of control eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a test meal study." Elsevier, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33732.
Full textAbstract:
Children with loss of control (LOC) eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for excessive weight gain. However, it is unclear whether or not these children show disturbances in hunger and satiety regulation. The goal was to examine the food intake and sense of LOC over eating as well as LOC eating-related characteristics during test meal in children with LOC eating and ADHD. Children aged 8-13 y with LOC eating (n = 33), ADHD (n = 32), and matched healthy controls (n = 33), consumed a test meal consisting of their chosen lunch food, with the instruction to eat until feeling full. Sense of LOC over eating, desire to eat, feelings of hunger, and liking of food were repeatedly assessed during test meal. Children with LOC eating and ADHD did not show a higher food intake at maximum satiety compared to control children. Sense of LOC over eating was significantly higher in children with LOC eating compared to children with ADHD and matched controls. Secondary analyses revealed that children with LOC eating ate marginally faster than control children. Both children with LOC eating and ADHD reported greater desire to eat, feelings of hunger, and liking of food during test meal than control children. Even though the results did not reveal statistical evidence to support the assumption of a disturbed food intake in children with LOC eating and ADHD, LOC eating related characteristics were significantly higher in these children compared to the control children. Sense of LOC over eating was confirmed as a specific characteristic of LOC eating. The examination of behavioral indicators of hunger and satiety dysregulation should be complemented with physiological indicators in future research.
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Auth, Clifford Henry. "Guidelines for the implementation of Canon 517.2 in the Diocese of Syracuse with particular attention to the lay parish facilitator's participation in the sanctifying office of the Church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0683.
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Smart, Shannon. "What Change Blindness Can Teach Us About Skilled Observation: A Law Enforcement and Student Comparison." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398933046.
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Watson, Graham. "Ask a Busy Person? A Reexamination of Cognitive Performance Under Load." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3237.
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A longstanding folk belief suggests that 'busy' people possess the ability to get more done than others. Busyness, defined as the demands of everyday life, has been shown to generate cognitive load, which has been called 'cognitive busyness.' Although most cognitive theory would deny the possibility that cognitive load may enhance performance, some recent research may support the possibility. Cowan's 1988 information-processing model was used to study how measures of everyday busyness correlated with performance on cognitive tasks. The research question addressed whether any combination of such measures, in combination with working memory, could predict performance on such tasks. 92 participants, paid workers with Amazon Mechanical Turk, engaged in an online process, starting with completion of a validated self-report instrument to measure busyness. They then participated in 2 activities, structured as games and designed to measure working memory and cognitive performance. Multiple regressions, linear and nonlinear, were used to identify significant predictors of performance. Results of the analyses did not reveal any evidence for significant relationships between the variables. Additionally, 'volitional busyness' did not appear to enhance, or even affect, performance on a planning task. Further research exploring the effect of these variables on a working memory-based task may be worthwhile, if only to confirm the present findings. This project might benefit linguists tracking semantic change, showing how a term may adopt an entirely different meaning and suggesting further refinement in identifying such shifts over the years; psychologists exploring cognitive load and its effects; and social psychologists interested in making corrections to popular perceptions of the value of tradition gender-associated tasks.
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Hoefler, Torsten. "Evaluation of publicly available Barrier-Algorithms and Improvement of the Barrier-Operation for large-scale Cluster-Systems with special Attention on InfiniBand Networks." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200500738.
Full textAbstract:
The MPI_Barrier-collective operation, as a part of the MPI-1.1
standard, is extremely important for all parallel applications using it.
The latency of this operation increases the application run time and
can not be overlaid. Thus, the whole MPI performance can be decreased
by unsatisfactory barrier latency. The main goals of this work are to
lower the barrier latency for InfiniBand networks by analyzing well
known barrier algorithms with regards to their suitability within
InfiniBand networks, to enhance the barrier operation by utilizing
standard InfiniBand operations as much as possible, and to design a
constant time barrier for InfiniBand with special hardware support.
This partition into three main steps is retained throughout the whole
thesis. The first part evaluates publicly known models and proposes a
new more accurate model (LoP) for InfiniBand. All barrier algorithms are
evaluated within the well known LogP and this new model. Two new
algorithms which promise a better performance have been developed. A
constant time barrier integrated into InfiniBand as well as a cheap
separate barrier network is proposed in the hardware section. All
results have been implemented inside the Open MPI framework. This work
led to three new Open MPI collective modules. The first one implements
different barrier algorithms which are dynamically benchmarked and
selected during the startup phase to maximize the performance. The
second one offers a special barrier implementation for InfiniBand with RDMA
and performs up to 40% better than the best solution that has been
published so far. The third implementation offers a constant time
barrier in a separate network, leveraging commodity components, with a
latency of only 2.5 microseconds. All components have their specialty and can
be used to enhance the barrier performance significantly.
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Lavoie, Philippe. "Effets du délai inter-essais et d'une tâche de calcul durant ce délai sur la discrimination d'intervalles temporels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44282.
Full textAbstract:
Le principal objectif de la présente étude est d'évaluer le rôle de la mémoire de travail (MT) dans une tâche de discrimination d'intervalles simples. Une expérience est réalisée afin de vérifier si la MT est sollicitée pour maintenir les représentations des durées standard en mémoire. Trois variables sont manipulées : l'intervalle inter-stimuli (3 ou 12 s), la charge cognitive durant cet intervalle (présence ou non d'une tâche de calcul mental) et les durées (200 et 2000 ms). Les résultats montrent que seulement cette dernière variable a un effet sur la performance, tel que démontré par des fractions de Weber (FW) plus élevées à 2000 qu'à 200 ms. Cette violation de la loi de Weber est observée chez tous les groupes expérimentaux, peu importe le délai inter-essais et la présence d'une tâche de calcul. Il est probable que ce résultat soit attribuable à la capacité limitée de la MT pour le traitement de l'information temporelle.
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Insa, Pineda Inmaculada. "Análisis de la psicopatología parental de los niños con TDAH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670638.
Full textAbstract:
El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es el trastorno psiquiátrico infantil más estudiado en la actualidad, suscitando un enorme interés en las dos últimas décadas debido en gran parte a su elevada prevalencia. Se trata de un trastorno con diferentes formas de expresión a lo largo de la infancia, la adolescencia y la edad adulta, con un gran impacto en el paciente, la familia y la sociedad. Sus consecuencias se traducen en un alto coste económico por la necesidad de recursos educativos, sanitarios y sociales que genera.
Los estudios científicos internacionales respaldan que el TDAH es un trastorno complejo del neurodesarrollo con múltiples causas, siendo la genética una de las más determinantes. Sin embargo, para tener una comprensión transversal y adecuada del trastorno, es imprescindible contemplar la influencia biológica desde un enfoque interactivo, teniendo en cuenta el importante papel modulador que ejerce el ambiente psicosocial.
Los subsistemas sociales, familiares y escolares en los que se desarrolla el niño van a tener una gran influencia en el curso del TDAH, tanto en su detección como en su evolución. Sabemos por la bibliografía previa que el nivel socioeconómico, la presencia de psicopatología en alguno de los progenitores y el nivel de estrés psicosocial familiar van a influir en las actitudes y pautas educativas de los padres, y en general en el desarrollo del ejercicio de la paternidad.
El estudio que aquí se presenta pretende analizar la psicopatología presente en los progenitores de niños diagnosticados de TDAH, puesto que éste puede considerarse un problema familiar que se da en un marco de relaciones donde todos los miembros de la familia se ven influenciados, y la presencia de enfermedad mental o de psicopatología en los padres va a influir notablemente en la detección, la evolución y la aparición de comorbilidades. En este estudio se ha analizado y comparado la presencia de psicopatología parental general, así como la presencia de sintomatología propia del TDAH en los progenitores de 60 niños con dicho trastorno, frente a progenitores de 60 niños no afectos de TDAH. Así mismo, también se ha analizado y comparado la percepción de malestar emocional en los progenitores de niños con diagnóstico reciente de TDAH, frente a progenitores de niños sin TDAH.
Como resultados de nuestro estudio se encontraron entre los progenitores de niños con TDAH prevalencias más elevadas de antecedentes de TDAH en la infancia (20,33% en las madres y 25% en los padres), trastorno por consumo de sustancias (6,67%) y, en el límite de la significación para la depresión postparto (15%). En cuanto a la psicopatología activa se encontraron mayores prevalencias de TDAH actual (25,42% en las madres y del 21,43% en los padres). Por otro lado, los progenitores de niños con TDAH informaron de mayor malestar emocional en comparación a los progenitores de niños sin TDAH (42,37% en las madres y 26,79% en los padres).
En conclusión, los progenitores de niños con TDAH presentan mayor psicopatología en comparación a los progenitores de niños sin TDAH.The attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most reviewed children’s psychiatric disorder nowadays. It has aroused great interest in the last two decades due to its high prevalence. This disorder has several forms of levelled appearances during childhood, adolescence and adulthood, with a great impact on the patient, family and society. Its consequences involve a high economical cost due to the essential need of educational, healthcare and social resources that it demands. The international scientific studies support that ADHD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with several causes, having genetics as one of the most decisive ones. Nevertheless, to achieve an adequate transversal comprehension of the disorder it is essential to contemplate the biological influences from an interactive perspective, taking into account the important modulating role that the psychosocial environment exerts. The social, family and scholar subsystems where the child develops are going to have a great influence in the progress of the ADHD. In both aspects: its detection and evolution. Previous studies and bibliography suggest that socio- economic status, where the presence of psychopathology in one of the parents and the domestic psycho-social stress; are going to influence the educational attitudes and behavioral patterns of the parents, as well as the delivered parenthood. The study presented in this document, simulates the analyze of the psychopathology in 60 families with ADHD diagnosed children since this might be considered a family matter, appearing in a relationship framework; where all family members are influenced and the presence of mental disease of psychopathology in the parents will influence relevantly in the detection, evolution and appearance of comorbidities. The study has analyzed and compared the presence of general parental psychopathology, as well as the presence of ADHD specific symptomatology in the progenitors of 60 children with that disorder compared to progenitors of 60 children not affected by ADHD. In addition, it has been analyzed the perception of emotional discomfort in the parents of children with and without ADHD. As result of our study, the parents of children with ADHD were found to have higher prevalence of ADHD in childhood (20.33% in mothers and 25% in fathers), history of substance use disorder (6.67%) and, at the limit of significance for postpartum depression (15%). Regarding the active psychopathology, higher current ADHD prevalence was found. The 25.42% of the mothers suffered current ADHD and the 21.43% of the fathers. On the other hand, parents of children with ADHD reported increased emotional discomfort compared to parents of children without ADHD (42.37% in mothers and 26.79% in fathers). In conclusion, parents of children with ADHD have greater psychopathology compared to parents of children without ADHD.
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Tobar, Tovar Carlos Andrés. "Alcance ético-político de la atención diferencial de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia: el caso del pueblo embera chamí del resguardo Wasiruma, Municipio de Vijes, Valle del Cauca." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393966.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis doctoral tiene como finalidad examinar el alcance-ético-político de la atención diferencial respecto a la consolidación de Estado democrático y pluralista en Colombia para el caso del pueblo embera chamí, asentado en el resguardo Wuasiruma, municipio de Vijes, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca. Para alcanzar esta finalidad, se proponen dos ejes de indagación: 1) una investigación etnográfica para evidenciar el modo en que el pueblo indígena y los funcionarios del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF) interactúan desde las directrices de la atención diferencial; y 2) una reflexión crítica sobre el lugar que ocupan las luchas por el reconocimiento político y la gramática moral que subyace a los conflictos sociales entre las comunidades indígenas y el Estado.
La atención diferencial tiene un lugar significativo en el discurso político de los gobiernos posteriores a la Constitución Política colombiana de 1991; esencialmente, porque se estima que la protección de los derechos colectivos es un requerimiento ineludible para la construcción del Estado democrático y pluralista colombiano y para la preservación de las tradiciones ancestrales de los pueblos indígenas que habitan el territorio nacional. Este intento gubernamental refleja un problema susceptible de ser interpretado como un conflicto ético-político entre dos concepciones morales que postulan una manera de realizar los derechos fundamentales de los grupos indígenas; tal discrepancia se puede expresar en los siguientes términos. Por un lado, los representantes del Estado colombiano proponen una política de protección de la primera infancia con énfasis en derechos como la alimentación, la educación y la protección. Por otro lado, los líderes de los pueblos indígenas privilegian un discurso comunitario fundado en la solidaridad y las responsabilidades colectivas.
A partir de la valoración del alcance ético-político de la atención diferencial evidenciaremos el modo en que la comunidad indígena plantea una interpretación del derecho y la posibilidad que éste brinda para la comprensión de la diversidad cultural. En tal virtud, la pertinencia de esta investigación radica en que sus resultados pueden ofrecer una vía de interpretación que favorezca la implementación de metodologías en las cuales las comunidades indígenas puedan participar en las instancias institucionalizadas donde el Estado reconoce las diferencias culturales.
En este sentido los capítulos de la tesis pueden describirse del siguiente modo: en el primer capítulo introducimos una trayectoria de investigaciones sobre el carácter ético-político de los conflictos sociales y las luchas por el reconocimiento político de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia. En el segundo capítulo formulamos un modelo teórico para el análisis de los conflictos entre la comunidad indígena y el Estado. En el tercer capítulo contextualizamos el contexto institucional de la relación entre el resguardo y el ICBF. En el cuarto capítulo presentamos nuestro enfoque metodológico y describimos cómo fue el despliegue de la experiencia etnográfica en el resguardo. En el quinto capítulo analizamos los resultados del desarrollo de la etnografía; y en el sexto proponemos una manera de interpretar el carácter dinámico del alcance ético-político de la atención diferencial y la gramática moral que subyace a la lucha por el reconocimiento.This thesis aims to examine the ethical and political implications of differential attention with regard to the consolidation of the democratic and pluralist state in Colombia, for the case of the embera chamí people seated in the Wuasiruma reservation, in the Vijes municipality, in the department of Valle del Cauca. In order to reach that goal, two approaches have been proposed. 1) An ethnographic research showing how the indigenous people and the officials of the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare interact from differential attention guidelines. 2) A critical reflection of the struggle’s place in regard to the political recognition and the moral grammar underlying social conflicts between indigenous communities and the state. The differential attention has a significant place in the political monologue of the Colombian governments after the Constitution established in 1991. Mainly because it is estimated that the protection of collective rights is an essential condition for the construction of a democratic and pluralistic Colombian state, and for the preservation of ancestral traditions of indigenous peoples inhabiting the national territory. This governmental effort might portray an issue that may be interpreted as an ethical and political conflict between two moral conceptions that postulate a way to make a reality the fundamental rights of indigenous groups. This discrepancy can be expressed in the following terms. On the one hand, representatives of the Colombian government propose a protection policy with emphasis on early childhood rights such as food, education and protection. On the other hand, leaders of indigenous people privilege a communitarian speech founded on solidarity and based on collective responsibilities. From an assessment of ethical and political implications of differential attention, we will show how the indigenous community presents an interpretation of the right and the opportunity it provides for understanding cultural diversity. As such, the relevance of this research is that its results can provide a means of interpretation that favors the implementation of methodologies in which indigenous communities can participate in institutionalized instances where the state recognizes cultural differences. In this sense chapters of the thesis can be described as follows: in the first chapter we introduce a path of research into the ethical and political character of social conflicts and struggles for political recognition of indigenous peoples in Colombia. In the second chapter we formulate a theoretical model for the analysis of conflicts between the indigenous community and the state. In the third chapter we contextualize the institutional context of the relationship between the shelter and the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare. In the fourth chapter we present our methodological approach and describe how the deployment of ethnographic experience took place in the shelter. In the fifth chapter we analyze the results of development of the ethnography, and in the sixth chapter we propose a way of interpreting the dynamic character of the ethico-political reaches of differential attention and the moral grammar that underlies the struggle for recognition.
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Camprodon, Rosanas Ester. "Características clínicas, conductuales y funcionamiento ejecutivo asociadas a los síntomas “Tempo Cognitivo Lento”." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399240.
Full textAbstract:
Antecedentes y objetivos: el tempo cognitivo lento (TCL) se ha asociado, desde su definición, al trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad subtipo inatento (TDAH-I). Se han hallado síntomas TCL en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad subtipo combinado (TDAH-C), en otros trastornos psiquiátricos y en grupos clínicos sin trastorno mental. Existen correlaciones entre los síntomas de TCL y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, dificultades de regulación emocional de emociones negativas, mayor sensibilidad al castigo, evitación social, bajo rendimiento académico y con un peor funcionamiento social. La validez estadística de los síntomas TCL ha quedado demostrada diferenciándose del TDAH y presentando unas características propias. Los estudios de población general sugieren que probablemente los síntomas TCL presenten diferentes correlatos socio-demográficos, asociación con determinados déficits de funciones ejecutivas y diferentes ámbitos de discapacidad psicosocial en relación al TDAH. Los objetivos de esta tesis son: realizar una revisión del concepto TCL, determinar su prevalencia, características clínicas y sociodemográficas en la población general y clínica infanto-juvenil, estudiar la relación entre TDAH y TCL y finalmente delimitar el perfil neuropsicológico específico para los síntomas TCL. Métodos: para llevar a cabo los objetivo se han realizado 4 estudios. El primero, se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Para determinar las prevalencias, características clínicas, y conductuales tanto en población general infanto-juvenil como clínica se realizaron el segundo y tercer estudio, respectivamente. Y, finalmente, el cuarto estudio, en la muestra de población general infantil, se estudió el perfil neuropsicológico asociado a los síntomas TCL. Resultados: se han hallado síntomas TCL tanto en población general como clínica, duplicándose en esta última. Se asocian a genero masculino, a población clínica y a mayor edad. La exposición al tabaco (peri-natal y a terceros) son factores asociados a los síntomas TCL así como una elevada vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. El perfil clínico viene caracterizado por sintomatología internalizante, problemas con iguales, problemas emocionales, síntomas de inatención con mayor afectación en la población clínica. En el ámbito escolar presentan más problemas académicos y mayor número de síntomas de dislexia. Parece ser que esto se traduce en la población clínica en más síntomas de TCL en los trastornos del aprendizaje que en el TDAH. Siendo un factor de riesgo los síntomas TCL a padecer un trastorno del aprendizaje. Los niños de la población general con síntomas TCL presentan más diagnósticos de TDAH y en la población clínica de TDAH-I. Sin embargo, los síntomas TCL están presentes en otros trastornos psiquiátricos a parte del TDAH. Finalmente, los niños con síntomas TCL presentan un perfil neuropsicológico específico que puede diferenciarse del TDAH. Presentan mayores tiempos de reacción, peor memoria de trabajo y mayor afectación de la red de conflicto. Cuando estudiamos los mismos niños excluyendo los que tienen diagnóstico de TDAH el perfil emergente se caracteriza por: mayores tiempos de reacción y peor memoria de trabajo. Conclusiones: Los síntomas TCL se asocian a unas características sociodemográficas, clínicas y neuropsicológicas específicas. EL perfil neuropsicológico asociado a los síntomas TCL es distinto al del TDAH. Se recomienda su valoración tanto en ámbito escolar y clínico para poder realizar evaluaciones y tratamientos más precisos para estos niños.Background and objectives: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) has been associated, ever since it was first defined, with attention deficit hyperactive disorder, inattentive subtype (ADHD-I). SCT symptoms have been observed in ADHD, combined subtype (ADHD-C), in other psychiatric disorders and in clinical groups with no mental disorder. There are correlations between the symptoms of SCT and symptoms of anxiety disorders, depression, problems controlling negative emotions, heightened sensitivity to punishment, social disengagement, low academic achievement and with impaired social functioning. The statistical validity of SCT symptoms has been demonstrated through their differentiation from ADHD and the presenting of specific characteristics. Studies carried out among the general population (both in adults and in children) suggest that SCT symptoms present different socio-demographic correlates, association with specific executive function deficits and different areas of psychosocial disability related to ADHD. The objectives of this doctoral thesis are: to review the concept of SCT; to determine the prevalence of SCT, its clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in the general population and in the infant-adolescent clinical population; to study the relation between ADHD and SCT; and finally, to delimit the specific neuropsychological profile of SCT symptoms. Methods: In order to achieve those objectives, I have carried out four studies as part of an active research group. The first was a systematic review of the literature. The next two studies aimed to determine the prevalence, and the clinical and behavioural characteristics of SCT in both the general (second study) and clinical (third study) infant-adolescent populations. Finally, in the fourth study, I studied the neuropsychological profile associated with SCT symptoms in the general infant population sample. Results: I found SCT symptoms in both the general and the clinical populations, with the prevalence in the latter being twice that in the former. They are associated with being male, with forming part of the clinical population and with increasing age. Exposure to tobacco smoke (both perinatally and passively) is associated with SCT symptoms as is increased socioeconomic vulnerability. The clinical profile is characterised by an internalising symptomology, problems in peer relations, emotional problems and symptoms of inattention, all more frequently in the clinical population. Within a school setting, children exhibiting SCT symptoms present more academic problems and a greater frequency of dyslexia symptoms. It appears that in the clinical population this translates into more SCT symptoms in learning disorders than in ADHD: SCT symptoms can be seen as a risk factor for suffering from a learning disorder. Children in the general population with SCT symptoms present more ADHD diagnoses and in the clinical population more for ADHD-I. However, SCT symptoms are present in psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. Finally, children with SCT symptoms present a specific neuropsychological profile which can be differentiated from that of ADHD. They have increased reaction times, worse working memory and more problems with their conflict resolution networks. When I studied the same sample of children but excluding those with an ADHD diagnosis, the profile that emerged was characterised by increased reaction times and worse working memory. Conclusions: SCT symptoms are associated with specific sociodemographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics. The neuropsychological profile associated with SCT symptoms is different from that of ADHD; and it should be assessed both in school and clinical settings to facilitate more precise evaluation and treatment.
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Barreda, Ángeles Miguel. "El análisis de la atención en la recepción televisiva: la incidencia de las respuestas automáticas de atención en la motivación hacia el consumo de contenidos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145768.
Full textAbstract:
El análisis de la atención que prestan los espectadores durante el consumo de contenidos de televisión es un aspecto fundamental para comprender los procesos de recepción de los medios. En esta tesis se realiza una investigación en torno a este tema que incluye una revisión de los diferentes modelos teóricos y metodologías empleados para su estudio, así como una propuesta teórica sobre los posibles efectos de las respuestas automáticas de atención en la motivación del espectador. En relación con ello, también se presenta una investigación experimental sobre los efectos de la imagen en alta definición en la atención y la motivación de los espectadores, cuyos resultados aportan evidencias preliminares a favor de la propuesta teórica antes mencionada. Finalmente, se realiza una reflexión sobre el desarrollo futuro de esta cuestión tanto en el ámbito de la investigación académica como desde la perspectiva de la industria televisiva y publicitaria.A thorough analysis of the attentional resources spent by viewers while watching television plays a key role in our understanding of the media reception processes. This dissertation addresses this topic by reviewing the various methodologies and theoretical models that have been used to analyze attention to television, and offers a theoretical proposal as to the possible effects of automatic attention allocation on viewers’ motivation. A series of experiments on the effects of high-definition images on viewers’ attention and motivation are presented, providing preliminary evidence that supports the mentioned theoretical proposal. Finally, the future development of the research on this subject is considered from the point of view of both academic research and the television and advertising industries.
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Persi, Erez. "Contrast and tuning response properties of neurons in the visual cortex : modeling and data analysis." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066216.
Full textAbstract:
We have combined a theoretical and experimental approach to study the biophysical substrates for the coding of orientation and contrast in the activity of V1 neurons. We first explore theoretically how the emerging activity in V1 depends on the input properties, single neuron input-output transfer-function properties and the connectivity pattern within V1. We explain the conditions on the different input sources in a hypercolumn model, that allow for both contrast-invariant orientation tuning width and sigmoid contrast response functions (CRF). We emphasize the role of the systems' components and structure features and their relative contribution to the activity in V1. More specifically, we show that the nonlinearity in the input-output transfer function manifested by a power-law regime leads to the sharpening of both orientation tuning width and the CRF in V1 compared with its inputs. Saturation in the CRF is a result of sufficient cortical inhibition at high contrasts, which is easily achieved with power-law transfer functions. Then, we analyze experimental data of both in-vitro and in-vivo measurements, and show that the models' key assumptions are consistent with neuronal behavior. A central focus of our study is to explain the diversity in the CRFs parameters. We show that the model can account for this diversity with heterogeneity either in single neuron properties or in LGN input properties. A comparison with experimental data indicates an equal contribution of the two heterogeneity types. The theory presented here can be further developed and extended to several visual areas in order to investigate other mechanisms of visual processingAfin d’étudier les bases du codage de l’orientation et du contraste par les neurones du cortex visuel primaire (V1), nous avons utilisé une approche à la fois théorique et expérimentale. Nous analysons dans un premier temps et de façon théorique, comment l’activité émergente dans V1 dépend des propriétés d’entrée des neurones corticaux, de leur fonction de transfert « entrée-sortie » et des différents patrons de connectivité à l’intérieur de cette même structure. Nous nous penchons ensuite sur les différentes sources d’entrées d’un modèle d’hyper-colonne, en caractérisant les conditions qui permettent à la fois une sélectivité à l’orientation indépendante du contraste et une fonction de réponse au contraste (CRF) sigmoïde. De plus, nous soulignons le rôle des relations entre les propriétés intrinsèques des neurones et les propriétés du réseau. Plus précisément, nous montrons que les non-linéarités dans la fonction de transfert « entrée-sortie », caractérisées par une loi de puissance, entraînent l’étrécissement à la fois de la courbe de sélectivité à l’orientation et de la CRF dans V1. La saturation de la CRF résulte, elle, d’une inhibition corticale à fort contraste, ce qui est aisément réalisé avec des fonctions de transfert basées sur des lois de puissance. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons des données expérimentales provenant à la fois d’enregistrements in vitro et in vivo et montrons que les hypothèses clés de notre modèle sont en accord avec les comportements neuronaux. Un point central de notre étude est d’expliquer la diversité des paramètres de la CRF. Nous montrons que le modèle justifie cette diversité par l’hétérogénéité des propriétés du neurone lui-même ou de ses afférences thalamiques. De plus, les données expérimentales indiquent qu’il y a une contribution à part égale des deux types d’hétérogénéités. Les principes présentés ici sont valables pour d’autres aires visuelles et peuvent être appliqué d’autres mécanismes du traitement de l’information visuelle
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Birks, Laura Ellen 1983. "Pre- and post-natal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and neurodevelopment in children." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665301.
Full textAbstract:
With the recent evolution of mobile communication, there is a lack of understanding of increased radiofrequency (RF) exposure from these new technologies, especially among children. Little is known about the amount of RF exposure children experience day-to-day and its main sources. Furthermore, there is little understanding of RF dose during fetal life or RF dose to the brain during childhood.
This thesis assessed environmental RF exposure and RF brain and body dose in children in several large, population-based cohort studies through personal exposure measurement studies and integrated exposure models. This thesis also evaluated whether maternal mobile phone use during pregnancy or RF dose to the brain in childhood was associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, specifically, behavioral problems.
In Europe, measured environmental RF in children and estimated dose to children’s brains was found to be far below recommended limits. Maternal mobile phone use during pregnancy was associated with hyperactivity/inattention problems in young children (ages 5-7) while RF dose to the brain during childhood was associated with behavioral problems, particularly in older children (ages 14-18). Uncontrolled confounding, reverse causality, and effects of mobile device use, apart from RF dose to the brain, could not be entirely excluded as possible explanations for these results. In the meantime, pregnant women could reduce RF exposure to the fetus by keeping mobile devices away from the belly, while children can reduce RF dose by limiting calls, limiting high resolution video streaming, or keeping mobile devices away from the body.Con la reciente evolución de la comunicación, existe una falta de comprensión del aumento de la exposición a la radiofrecuencia (RF) de estas nuevas tecnologías, especialmente entre los niños. Se sabe poco sobre la cantidad de exposición a RF que experimentan los niños día a día y sus principales fuentes. Además, hay poca comprensión de la cantidad de RF durante la vida fetal o la cantidad de RF en el cerebro durante la infancia. Esta tesis ha evaluado la exposición ambiental a RFs y la cantidad de RF en el cerebro y cuerpo en niños en varios estudios de cohorte de gran tamaño a través de estudios de medición de exposición personal y modelos de exposición integrados. Esta tesis también evaluó si el uso del teléfono móvil materno durante el embarazo o la cantidad de RF al cerebro en la infancia se asoció con problemas del desarrollo neurológico, específicamente, problemas de comportamiento. En Europa, la RF ambiental medida en niños y la cantidad estimada en el cerebro de los niños se encontraron muy por debajo de los límites recomendados. El uso del teléfono móvil materno durante el embarazo se asoció con problemas de hiperactividad/falta de atención en niños pequeños (entre 5 y 7 años) mientras que la cantidad de RF al cerebro durante la infancia se asoció con problemas de conducta, particularmente en niños mayores (14-18 años). Los factores de confusión no controlados, la causalidad inversa y los efectos del uso de dispositivos móviles, aparte de la cantidad de RF al cerebro, no podrían excluirse como posibles explicaciones para estos resultados. Además, las mujeres embarazadas podrían reducir la exposición a RF al feto manteniendo los dispositivos móviles alejados del estómago, mientras que los niños pueden reducir la cantidad de RF limitando las llamadas, limitando la transmisión de video de alta resolución o manteniendo los dispositivos móviles alejados del cuerpo.