Academic literature on the topic 'Louisville Fresh Air Home'

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Journal articles on the topic "Louisville Fresh Air Home"

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Saporta, Keli. "Are Technological Terms Seductive? The Effect of Technological Terms on Persuasion." Business and Management Studies 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i1.4723.

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Most claims in marketing communication take the form of causal claims stating that using a certain product (the cause, e.g., "Fresh Air, the electronic device") produces a certain benefit (the effect, e.g., "purifies the air at home"). Marketers acknowledge (and studies show) that providing an explanation on the mechanism by which the product produces the effect fosters persuasion. Yet, instead of providing the specific mechanism (e.g. "it purifies the air at home by reducing dust parcels in the air"), they often use general technological terms. Thus, instead of explaining, "Fresh-Air purifies the air at home by reducing dust particles in the air," they "explain" that the product purifies the air by "applying a new algorithm." We call explanations that use general technological terms pseudo explanations, because they follow the same structure, but they lack the crucial element that enables persuasion—they are not content specific.Although using pseudo explanations is a common practice in marketing, no studies have examined if they affect persuasion. In two studies, we exposed participants to causal claims for various products in several formats, and asked them to indicate the probability that they would purchase the product if they needed it. Generally, results show persuasion was the same for pseudo explanations as for the claim alone, when both were less persuasive than mechanistic explanations.Consumers are sensitive to the fact that pseudo explanations do not really explain the mechanism. Thus, whereas pseudo explanations do not affect persuasion, mechanistic explanations do.
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Greener, Mark. "Why chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care needs a breath of fresh air." Nursing and Residential Care 23, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2021.23.2.8.

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About one million people in the UK have diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and live with persistent, unpleasant and often debilitating symptoms. The condition is common among nursing home residents, yet is often poorly recognised by the general public and even by some health professionals. Recent research highlights why nursing and residential care staff should remain vigilant for this common respiratory condition.
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Putri, A. N. A. R., R. A. Salam, L. M. Rachmawati, A. Ramadhan, A. S. Adiwidya, A. Jalasena, and I. Chandra. "Spatial Modelling of Indoor Air Pollution Distribution at Home." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012072.

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Abstract In ancient times, humans were very accustomed to depending on nature, so that in the past humans held the title as an outdoor species. Over time with many technological advances, the pattern of human life has shifted to being an indoor species. Currently, almost 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas and is projected to increase to 68% by 2050. Based on the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), the total time humans spend indoors is 86.9%. Research shows that air pollutants contained in indoor air are 2 to 5 times more than outdoor air. The neglect of the air conditioning system also worsens indoor air quality. It is often found that the supply of fresh air and the concentration of pollutants in the work or activity zone is unknown, even though this is a crucial matter. With the amount of time spent indoors, air quality and the distribution of pollutants in indoor air becomes very important. This research was conducted spatial modelling of air pollutant distribution using the kriging interpolation technique. The results of spatial modelling with this method produce an average of R-squared=70,98% dan RMSE = 0.03. Several factors influence the increase in pollutant concentrations that are the activity of the occupants, the number of occupants, and environmental conditions outside.
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Prasetio, Hardianto Eko, Siti Malkhamah, Charles Watson, and Subarmono Subarmono. "Comparative Study on Implementing Home Air Conditioning for Passenger Carriages in the Indonesian Railway." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 3, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.27820.

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Passenger comfort is important in railway transport system. The train operator company in Indonesia would like to increase passenger comfort by installing home air conditioning into all existing carriages of the economy train. The air conditioning is expected to give better passenger convince. Therefore, the aims of this research are to know the cooling load and compare characteristic between home Air Conditioning (AC) and train AC. The cooling load calculation is analyzed using Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD)/Solar Cooling Load (SCL)/Cooling Load Factor (CLF) method. Comparison between both home air conditioning and train air conditioning are discussed to identify the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The total heat that needs to be removed from a passenger carriage with home AC is 104,334 Btu/h, while the total cooling capacity of home AC is 75,000 Btu/h. The passenger carriages with train AC have cooling capacity 119,100 Btu/h to remove heat 11,5290 Btu/h. The Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) value of most home AC is higher than train AC, installation time of home AC is shorter than train AC, total cost for 20 years period of home AC is more than train AC. There is no guarantee for home AC, so everything that happens to it will become the full responsibility of train operator company. The train AC control system is more effective than the home AC. No fresh air is permitted to circulate within the home AC system hence, the same air is repeatedly processed in the system. Implementing home air conditioning in the existing passenger carriages is worthwhile for short time period in the goal to increase and improve the level of service provided by giving better comfortability to the passenger.
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Park Brown, Sydney, Danielle Treadwell, James M. Stephens, and Susan Webb. "Florida Vegetable Gardening Guide." EDIS 2015, no. 9 (December 1, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-vh021-2015.

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Vegetable gardening offers fresh air, sunshine, exercise, enjoyment, mental therapy, nutritious fresh vegetables, and economic savings, as well as many other benefits. With some attention to planning and planting, vegetables can be grown year-round in Florida. This revised 11-page guide provides recommendations primarily for traditional home gardens, including planning your garden and choosing crops, soil preparation and maintenance, fertilization, irrigation, pest management, and other gardening know-how. Includes a planting guide, table of suggested varieties, and table of products labeled for insect and mite management in home vegetable gardens. Written by Sydney Park Brown, Danielle Treadwell, J. M. Stephens, and Susan Webb, and published by the Environmental Horticulture Department, October 2015. SP 103/VH021: Florida Vegetable Gardening Guide (ufl.edu)
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Newitt, Jennifer, William Holmes, and Patrick Strollo. "0378 Daytime PAP Accommodation: A Breath of Fresh Air." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A169—A170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.375.

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Abstract Introduction Rising healthcare costs and resource utilization represents a growing problem in the United States, especially for individuals with progressive neuromuscular disorders. Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea has been demonstrated to decrease healthcare resources in the general population; however, there is no well-defined approach to diagnosis and management of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD). Many providers believe it best to diagnose and introduce positive airway pressure (PAP) support during a single overnight in-laboratory sleep study. Patients with NMD require a team with understanding of sleep physiology, complex pulmonary pathophysiology, disease process and progression, and advanced PAP therapy modes and indications. Optimal treatment requires patient and caregiver education, frequent monitoring of PAP data, ongoing evaluation of oxygenation and ventilation parameters, as well as assistance with device issues. We hypothesized a focused, personalized approach to managing patients with NMD will improve patient adherence to PAP therapy, nocturnal oxygenation, and ventilation, as well as limit hospital admissions. Methods 10 patients diagnosed with NMD (including muscular dystrophy, diaphragm paralysis, and scoliosis) presented to UPMC Montefiore sleep lab for daytime accommodation study with a pulmonary-sleep physician and dual-trained respiratory therapist-sleep technician. The visit included mask fitting, patient education, and initiation of PAP therapy with titration of bilevel pressure settings. Data collected included: pre- and 3-month-post nocturnal oxygen saturation and serum bicarbonate level; data download at 3 months including device usage, leak, average PAP pressures; and number of hospital admissions. Results All 10 patients demonstrated initiation of PAP therapy with usage on 100% of days for minimum of 6 hours per night. There was improvement in average nocturnal oxygen saturation and serum bicarbonate level after visit compared to prior. 3 patients were hospitalized in 6-12 months following, none for respiratory related reasons. Conclusion In this pilot study, an innovative daytime PAP accommodation study for patients with sleep-disordered breathing due to NMD results in excellent initiation and adherence to PAP therapy, as well as improvement in oxygenation and ventilation and minimal hospitalizations. Future studies are necessary including a larger randomized trial to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of home based NIV initiation. Support (If Any) NIH T32 HL082610-15, American Thoracic Society ASPIRE fellowship
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Liu, Jun, Yu Guo Zhuo, and Jin Xiang Ma. "Research on Indoor Environment Pollutants and Controlling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.251.

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The sources and harm of indoor environmental pollutants was described and a new green theory is put forward that indoor environment pollutants is controlled by overall process based on the residential interior decoration and air pollution status in China, as indoor environment quality becomes more and more important. According to the concept of healthy house to control indoor environment pollutants through five steps that are green interior design, selecting environmental materials, green decoration, green ornament and green fresh air, and healthy and environmental green home could be realized.
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MOSLEY, STEPHEN. "Fresh air and foul: the role of the open fireplace in ventilating the British home, 1837–1910." Planning Perspectives 18, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0266543032000047387.

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Hendron, Robert, Mark Eastment, Ed Hancock, Greg Barker, and Paul Reeves. "Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (August 8, 2006): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710248.

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Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.
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Cahyanto, Tri, Tony Sudjarwo Sudjarwo, Rida Widayanti, and Mar’atus Shalikha. "PENGARUH AIR LIMBAH CELUPAN BATIK DI PARAKANNYASAG TASIKMALAYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KI APU (Pistia stratiotes L.)." Biota 3, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v3i2.1318.

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Batik industry produces waste water containing chromium which can be harmful for ecosystem and human health. There had been research aimed to find out the influence of batik dye waste water in Parakannyasag Tasikmalaya on the growth of Pistia stratiotes L. Material of P. stratiotes was obtained from Indihiang rice field, Tasikmalaya. Waste water was taken from disposal of home batik dye industry in Parakannyasag Tasikmalaya. Study design used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and 5 replications. The growth parameter include root length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf broad, stolon number, stolon length, fresh weight and calculated of Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling Time (DT) and leaf chlorophyll content were observed, The result showed growth of P. stratiotes at 25% concentration of wastewater was root length 2,2 cm, leaf number 3,5 strands, leaf length 0,3 mm, leaf width 0,4 mm, leaf broad 1,7 mm, stolon number 1,3 pieces, stolon length 1,8 cm and fresh weight 4,4 g; At 50% consentration of waste water showed root length 11,2 cm, leaf number 5,7 strands, leaf length 0,39 mm, leaf width 0,17 mm, leaf broad 1,3 mm, stolon number 1,6 pieces, length of stolon 2,6 cm and fresh weight 3,6 g. At 75% of waste water consentration showed, root length 5,5 cm, lef number4,8 strands, leaf length -0,1 mm, leaf width 0,1 mm, leaf broad -0,4 mm, stolon number 1,1 pieces, stolon length 2,0 cm and fresh weight 3,0 g; At 100% consentration of waste water showed root length 6,6 cm, leaf number 3,8 strands, leaf length -0,3 mm, leaf width -0,2 mm, leaf broad -0,5 mm, stolon number 0,9 pieces, length 1,9 cm stolon and fresh weight 2,9 g. The highest RGR value at 25% of wastewater concentration demonstrated 0,02 g/day and the highest DT value at 75% concentration of waste water demonstrated 48,0 days. The highest growth of root organs occured at 50% concentration of waste water and caused in optimum growth of P. stratiotes.
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Books on the topic "Louisville Fresh Air Home"

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How to grow fresh air: 50 houseplants that purify your home or office. New York, N.Y: Penguin Books, 1997.

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Wolverton, B. C. How to Grow Fresh Air: 50 Houseplants That Purify Your Home or Office. Orion Publishing Group, Limited, 2020.

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Owens, Archie. Air Fryer Cookbook. 50 Quick and Easy Recipes: Natural, Fresh, and Healthy Meals Making Home Cooking a Pleasure. Independently Published, 2017.

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Chazminare, Allex Sun. Home Remedies for Nausea: Breathe Slowly and Deeply, Ginger, Get Fresh Air, Take a Whiff of Lemon, BRAT Diet, Take Vitamin B6 Supplement, Avoid Spices and Strong Smells, Eat Smaller Meals, Aromatherapy with Essential Oils Such As Peppermint. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Louisville Fresh Air Home"

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Nadel, Meryl. "From Fresh Air to Summer Camp." In Not Just Play, 47–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190496548.003.0005.

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“From Fresh Air to Summer Camp: Social Work Enters the Picture” traces developments occurring from about 1900 to 1926. During this period the new profession of social work coalesced, incorporated the reform spirit of the Progressive Era, began to develop rationales for programs that could best benefit residents of congested urban environments, and established numerous social agency-sponsored summer camps. The purposes of these camps varied and included improved health and weight gain, play, Americanization, progressive informal education, skill-building, and group life as a milieu for growth and change. The chapter includes descriptions of four early social agency summer camp programs: Surprise Lake Camp, Lillian Home, Camp Wise, and the camps at Harriman State Park, Palisades Interstate Park Commission (PIPC).
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Dickens, Charles. "Chapter Six Quite at Home." In Bleak House. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536313.003.0007.

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The day had brightened very much, and still brightened as we went westward. We went our way through the sunshine and the fresh air, wondering more and more at the extent of the streets, the brilliancy of the shops, the great traffic, and the...
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Zola, Émile. "Chapter IV." In The Assommoir. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198828563.003.0005.

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There followed four years of hard work. In the neighbourhood Gervaise and Coupeau were thought of as a steady couple who kept to themselves, didn’t fight, and took a regular Sunday walk over Saint-Ouen* way. Gervaise put in twelve-hour days at Madame Fauconnier’s, and still managed to keep her home as clean as a new pin and get a meal ready for her family morning and night. Coupeau never drank too much, brought his fortnightly pay straight home, and smoked a pipe at the open window before turning in, to get a bit of fresh air. They were held up as an example because they were so pleasant and likeable. And, as they earned nearly nine francs a day between them, people thought they must be putting by quite a tidy amount.
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Freidberg, Susanne. "Burkina Faso: Rural Development and Patronage." In French Beans and Food Scares. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169607.003.0005.

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From the air, the international airport in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, does not appear to be in the middle of anything except the desert. But every winter it becomes a center of intense activity and often high tension, as green beans from throughout the country pour into the airport packhouses. If all goes well, the beans are flown out the same day they are trucked in, and end up on dinner tables in France. In fact, things often do not go well, and so many green beans end up in soup pots closer to home. Indeed, the abundance of delicate green beans found in Burkina Faso’s marketplaces during January and February testifies to the frequent failures of the country’s export ambitions. Green beans and other garden vegetables were brought to colonial Burkina Faso (then Upper Volta) in the early 20th century by French missionaries and colonial administrators who, apart from their personal interest in having these familiar foods available, saw the introduction of French vegetable gardening as part of their civilizing mission in Africa. They did not care much whether Africans ate à la francais, but they did hope that market gardening (or maraichage) would help feed growing colonial towns and, in the process, create a modern, industrious, prosperous and thus stable African peasantry. Decades later in independent Upper Volta, remarkably similar goals fueled government and foreign development agency efforts to promote irrigated vegetable production for overseas markets. Especially when repeated droughts in the 1960s and 1970s raised concerns about long-term climate change, it appeared that peasants needed the income that irrigated, high-value export crops could provide in order to make up for possible shortfalls in rainy season staple grain production. So with generous foreign technical and financial assistance, the country’s state-run peasant cooperatives became in the late 1960s some of sub-Saharan Africa’s earliest exporters of airfreight fresh green beans. For many years, its export volume was second only to Kenya’s. By the late 1990s, Burkina Faso’s green bean farmers missed the days when their crops were known as “green gold.”
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Broughton, Chad. "“The End is HERE”." In Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0011.

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On the Last day there would be a potluck and a drawing for some free appliances and $100 in cash. It was clear, though, that those still around in September 2004 could hardly wait for this drawn-out shuttering finally to be over. Crews were taking down the lighting, removing tables and cabinets, and gathering screws and air gun bits to toss in the garbage. “I don’t know if they are going to start with fresh tools down there in Reynosa or what the deal is,” Tracy Warner said. The crews also asked workers to remove photographs and newspaper clippings from their workstations. “They are dismantling it all around us, like they can’t wait for us to get out of there.” The lawn outside, usually covered in pop cans, plastic wrappers, and cigarette butts, was cleaned up and sprayed green by Chem Lawn. Management was trying to sell the old place. Warner’s imminent layoff was part of a sea-change in Illinois in the first years of the new millennium. The pace of the hollowing out of manufacturing in the fourth-largest manufacturing state in the country had been unprecedented. From June 2000 to November 2003, Illinois lost more than 100 manufacturing jobs a day, or one out of every six. Gone were over 150,000 jobs in a state of 12,500,000. In Rockford, the machine-tool industry wilted, and unemployment spiked at over 11 percent. In Harvard, located near the Wisconsin border, Motorola closed its cellphone plant. Developers wanted to turn the site into the world’s largest indoor water park. In Peoria, Decatur, and Kankakee, laid-off workers applied for jobs at Walmarts and Home Depots that would pay them maybe half their former wage. In suburban Chicago, Winzeler Gear went from making 2 million gears a month with fifty-five workers to making 16 million a month with thirty-five employees. A robot the size of a minivan increased the factory’s output while also eliminating human labor. Even with the productivity boost, the owner doubted the company would be able to stay competitive.
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"/ Charles G. Leland I hev a lot All sharply sot To eat them pidgings up,” said Boggs. “They are the chosen birds of wrath, They fly like arrers through the air, Or angels sent by orful Death— Jist fifty dollars fur a pair; An’ cheap to keep, because, you see, Upon the enemy they progs.” “Well, try it on, And now begone!” Said Mister Swain to Mister Boggs. The autumn morn was bright and fair, Fresh as a rose with recent rain. The pidgins tortled through the air, But nary one came home again. Some feathers dropped in Chestnut Street, Some bills and claws among the logs: Wipin’ a tear, “I greatly fear That all’s not right,” said Mr. Boggs. Into the Chronicle he went, Twice as mysterious as before, “And hev you heard the orful news?” He whispered as he shet the door. “ Oh, I hev come to tell a tale Of crime, which all creation flogs, Of wretchery And treachery That bangs tarnation sin,” said Boggs. “Them Ledger fellers with their tricks, Hev slopped clean over crime’s dark cup. They’ve bin an’ bought some pidging-horks, And they hev et our pidgings up. Oh, whut is life wuth livin’ fur When editors behave like hogs? An’ ragin’ crime Makes double time; Oh, darn setch villany!” cried Boggs." In Routledge Revivals: The Literary Humour of the Urban Northeast 1830-1890 (1983), 238–41. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351181563-32.

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"linguistic utterance. The verbal communication of an explicit meaning is then taken as the model of communication in general. This is true of semiotic approaches, which are not only generalisations of a linguistic model, but are also based on the assumption that to communicate is always, in Saussure’s terms, to transmit a ‘signified’ by use of a ‘signifier’. It is true of inferential approaches, which regard all com-municative acts as ‘utterances’ in an extended sense, used to convey an ‘utterer’s meaning’. We believe that the kind of explicit communication that can be achieved by the use of language is not a typical but a limiting case. Treating linguistic com-munication as the model of communication in general has led to theoretical distortions and misperceptions of the data. The effects of most forms of human communication, including some of the effects of verbal communication, are far too vague to be properly analysed along these lines. Moreover, there is not a dichotomy but a continuum of cases, from vaguer to more precise effects. Let us first illustrate this point with two examples of non-verbal communica-tion. Mary comes home; Peter opens the door. Mary stops at the door and sniffs ostensively; Peter follows suit and notices that there is a smell of gas. This fact is highly relevant, and in the absence of contextual counterevidence or any obvi-ous alternative candidate, Peter will assume that Mary intended to make it man-ifest to him that there was a smell of gas. Here, at least part of what is communicated could be reasonably well paraphrased by saying that there is a smell of gas; and it could be argued that this is what Mary means. She could indeed have achieved essentially the same result by speaking rather than sniffing ostensively. Contrast this with the following case. Mary and Peter are newly arrived at the seaside. She opens the window overlooking the sea and sniffs appreciatively and ostensively. When Peter follows suit, there is no one particular good thing that comes to his attention: the air smells fresh, fresher than it did in town, it reminds him of their previous holidays, he can smell the sea, seaweed, ozone, fish; all sorts of pleasant things come to mind, and while, because her sniff was appreciative, he is reasonably safe in assuming that she must have intended him to notice at least some of them, he is unlikely to be able to pin her intentions down any further. Is there any reason to assume that her intentions were more specific? Is there a plausible answer, in the form of an explicit linguistic para-phrase, to the question, what does she mean? Could she have achieved the same communicative effect by speaking? Clearly not. Examples like the one of Mary smelling gas, where it is reasonable to impute a meaning to the communicator, are the only ones normally considered in dis-cussions of communication; examples like the one of Mary at the seaside – clearly communicating, but what? – are generally ignored. Yet these examples do not belong to distinct classes of phenomena, and it is easy enough to imagine inter-mediate cases: say, a guest sniffing appreciatively and ostensively when the stew is brought to the table, and so on. The distortions and misperceptions introduced by the explicit communication model are also found in the study of verbal communication itself. Some essential aspects of implicit verbal communication are overlooked. Pragmatists assume that." In Pragmatics and Discourse, 160. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203994597-31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Louisville Fresh Air Home"

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David R Bohnhoff, Justin C Banach, Adam J Gardebrecht, Aaron J Lofy, Michael D Muehlbauer, Luke P Syse, Christofer A Sindunata, and Scott A Sanford. "Ice-Bank Air Conditioner for Fresh Produce Storage." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.38157.

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Hendron, Robert, Mark Eastment, Ed Hancock, Greg Barker, and Paul Reeves. "Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76231.

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Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, Colorado, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR™ appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium (BSC) conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 75 cfm (35 l/s), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark [1]. The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.
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Darzi, Mahdi, Derek Johnson, Chris Ulishney, Mehar Bade, and Nima Zamani. "Baseline Evaluation of Ignition Timing and Compression Ratio Configurations on Efficiency and Combustion Stability of a Small-Bore, Two-Stroke, Natural Gas Engine." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70078.

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Two-stroke engines continue to dominate the small engine market based on cost and simplicity, though companies have incorporated small four-stroke engines into handheld equipment. On the other end of the displacement spectrum, two-stroke natural gas engines are common in large-bore applications within the natural gas compression industry. Nearly 60% of homes utilize natural gas and could therefore benefit from its use as fuel for decentralized power generation. Such use for home applications does not require significant investment in infrastructure, which has limited its penetration into the transportation sector. Companies already offer back-up power generation systems for home use fueled by either natural gas or propane. These systems are often cost prohibitive and rely on four-stroke engines. The ultimate goal is to apply advanced technologies, such as direct fuel injection, to improve efficiency of small two-stroke engines. To establish a baseline, researchers developed a micro-engine test facility to examine effects of ignition timing, compression ratio, and intake and exhaust systems on efficiency and combustion stability. This research focuses on an air-cooled, spark-ignited, two-stroke engine converted to operate on natural gas. In addition to fuel conversion, an electronic ignition system replaced the stock magneto driven coil. The added trigger wheel provided a signal for control of ignition and injection timing, and for in-cylinder pressure time alignment. Engine displacement was 29-cc with a bore and stroke of 35 mm and 30 mm. Tests were performed on gasoline and a natural gas blend at an engine speed of 5400 RPM. Fuel flow was adjusted for each case to produce maximum brake torque. Two different fuel delivery methods were tested for natural gas — a mass flow controller and an electronic port fuel injector. Tests examined the effects of two compression ratios for spark timings of 15, 20, 25, and 30 CAD BTDC. Fumigation and port injection decreased efficiency compared to gasoline by 24 and 32%, respectively. Brake power also decreased by 64 and 65% on average. A similar trend occurred for delivery ratio due to the volume of fresh air displaced by natural gas. Delivery ratio of fumigation and port injection decreased compared to gasoline by 12 and 27%, respectively. The coefficient of variation in indicated mean effective pressure varied from six to 27% over compression ratio and ignition timing sweeps.
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