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Journal articles on the topic "Lotus plant"
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Moro, Carlo F., Masami Yonekura, Yoshiaki Kouzuma, Ganesh K. Agrawal, and Randeep Rakwal. "Lotus – A Source of Food and Medicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives in Context of the Seed Proteomics." International Journal of Life Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v7i1.6394.
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Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.), commonly known as the lotus, is an aquatic plant native to India and presently consumed as food, mainly in China and Japan. In addition to its use as food, the lotus plant is also widely used in Indian and Chinese traditional medicine. Extracts from different parts of the lotus plant have been reported to show several biological activities, such as antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-modulatory activities. Despite this, little work has been done in isolating and identifying the proteins responsible for these activities. To date, there is no report on systematic protein analysis of the lotus plant. In this review, we discuss the medicinal value of the lotus plant and reported works on its biological activities. We also present a proteomics approach for systematic investigation of the lotus seed proteome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v7i1.6394 International Journal of Life Sciences 7(1): 2013; 1-5
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Schulz, B. "PLANT BIOLOGY: A Plant ABC Transporter Takes the Lotus Seat." Science 306, no. 5696 (October 22, 2004): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105227.
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Tian, Daike, Ken M. Tilt, Jeff L. Sibley, Fenny Dane, and Floyd M. Woods. "Response of Lotus (Nelumbo sp.) to Container Soil Volume." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-27.2.79.
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Abstract The effect of soil volume on containerized lotus (Nelumbo) production has been underreported. American lotus (Nelumbo lutea Willd.) and three cultivars (‘Embolene’, ‘98 Seed’ and ‘Karizma’) of Asian lotus (N. nucifera Gaertn.) were investigated for growth response to container soil volume in this study. Electrical conductivity, pH, plant growth indices, and plant nutritional content were influenced by container soil volume. Differences in some plant growth indices were significant between treatments with ½ and higher (½ and ¾) container height soil (CHS) in 21 or 29 liter (#5 or #7) containers. However, plant growth indices were generally not different between treatments with ½ and ¾ CHS. Lotus planted in containers with ¼ CHS usually produced the greatest plant height and underground fresh weight, while the largest number of propagules often occurred in containers with ½ or ¾ CHS. The highest number of emerging leaves was observed in plants with ¼ or ½ CHS treatments, with no significant difference in emerging leaf number between lotus grown in containers with ½ and ¾ CHS. Flower number generally decreased as soil level increased. The ¼ and ½ CHS were more efficient than ¾ CHS for lotus production in containers.
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Degtjareva, G. V., T. E. Kramina, D. D. Sokoloff, T. H. Samigullin, C. M. Valiejo-Roman, and A. S. Antonov. "Phylogeny of the genus Lotus (Leguminosae, Loteae): evidence from nrITS sequences and morphology." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 5 (May 2006): 813–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-035.
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Lotus (120–130 species) is the largest genus of the tribe Loteae. The taxonomy of Lotus is complicated, and a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus is needed. We have conducted phylogenetic analyses of Lotus based on nrITS data alone and combined with data on 46 morphological characters. Eighty-one ingroup nrITS accessions representing 71 Lotus species are studied; among them 47 accessions representing 40 species are new. Representatives of all other genera of the tribe Loteae are included in the outgroup (for three genera, nrITS sequences are published for the first time). Forty-two of 71 ingroup species were not included in previous morphological phylogenetic studies. The most important conclusions of the present study are (1) addition of morphological data to the nrITS matrix produces a better resolved phylogeny of Lotus; (2) previous findings that Dorycnium and Tetragonolobus cannot be separated from Lotus at the generic level are well supported; (3) Lotus creticus should be placed in section Pedrosia rather than in section Lotea; (4) a broad treatment of section Ononidium is unnatural and the section should possibly not be recognized at all; (5) section Heinekenia is paraphyletic; (6) section Lotus should include Lotus conimbricensis; then the section is monophyletic; (7) a basic chromosome number of x = 6 is an important synapomorphy for the expanded section Lotus; (8) the segregation of Lotus schimperi and allies into section Chamaelotus is well supported; (9) there is an apparent functional correlation between stylodium and keel evolution in Lotus.
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Li, Xiao-qiang, Yi-yu Yang, Li-juan Chen, Yan Zhang, and Ye-gao Chen. "Compounds from Lotus corniculatus." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 55, no. 4 (July 2019): 719–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-019-02788-3.
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Tian, Daike, Ken M. Tilt, Jeff L. Sibley, Floyd M. Woods, and Fenny Dane. "Response of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) to Planting Time and Disbudding." HortScience 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.656.
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Lotus (Nelumbo) is a highly valued plant with a long history for vegetable, ornamental, and medicinal use. Little information is available on the effects of planting time on performance of lotus, especially when grown in containers. The objectives of this study were to find a suitable planting time and to determine best management practices that are of importance for container lotus production. Effects of planting time and disbudding on plant growth indices in southeast Alabama were evaluated in a container production system for the ornamental lotus, N. nucifera ‘Embolene’. Results indicated that plant growth indices were little influenced by different planting dates in March, but were much influenced by planting dates with a difference over a month between February and May. Plants potted and placed outdoors in March and April performed best, and lotus planted in the greenhouse in February and planted outdoors in February and May performed worst. Flower number was not largely influenced by the planting time, but flowering characteristics, especially the flowering peaks, were different among treatments. Planting lotus outdoors between March and May produced the largest return. Influence of planting time on plant growth indices of lotus appeared to be explained by effects of growth-season climate conditions after planting. Disbudding had no impact on plant height but significantly increased underground fresh weight and the number of propagules. Therefore, disbudding should be considered a best management practice to maximize the yield of rhizomes or propagules. Positive linear, quadratic, or cubic relationships were detected among emerging leaf number, underground fresh biomass, and propagule number. Based on the regression models, the yield of lotus rhizomes or propagules can be predicted by the number of emerging leaves. This research provided a guide for nurseries, researchers, and collectors to select the best time to plant lotus outdoors.
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Arambarri, Ana M. "A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 3 (April 20, 2000): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-011.
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The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.
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Elnour, Montasir. "Selected Sudanese Medicinal Plants Induce Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects in Cervical Cancer Cell Line." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 2, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/031.
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Modern pharmacology, however, relies on refined chemicals - either obtained from plants, or synthesized. This work investigated the anticancer, antioxidant and Cytotoxicity activities of N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves commonly used as anti-inflammatory and Ant diabetic. All the plant parts were extracted using 80% methanol, the anticancer activity was examined by using MTT assay against Hela (Cervical Cancer) Cell Line. And determine their antioxidant activities by testing DPPH cytotoxicity using - (4, 5-Dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), filter and kept in dark, prepared freshly. The examined plants methanolic extracts of P. juliflora leaves is high activity against Hela (Cervical Cancer) Cell Line IC50 is 56.02 µg/ml. The extract C N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate has shown none active anti- Hela (Cervical Cancer) IC50 values 100, and > 100 μg/ml respectively. All the extracts revealed cytotoxicity activity not toxic in N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves the inhibition percentage with (90.81, 89.33074 , 86.47866 ) (73.17427 , 71.93975 , 60.17069 ) (74.93001, 73.78714 , 71.13981 ) respectively. The following plant parts showed highly potent scavenging activity against DPPH (above 80%); N. lotus leaves citrate, 88.78, While the following revealed a good activity against DPPH (between 60-79); N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves with inhibition % are 77and 62.96 respectively.
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Lin, Zhongyuan, Cheng Zhang, Dingding Cao, Rebecca Njeri Damaris, and Pingfang Yang. "The Latest Studies on Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)-an Emerging Horticultural Model Plant." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 3680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153680.
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Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a perennial aquatic basal eudicot belonging to a small family Nelumbonaceace, which contains only one genus with two species. It is an important horticultural plant, with its uses ranging from ornamental, nutritional to medicinal values, and has been widely used, especially in Southeast Asia. Recently, the lotus obtained a lot of attention from the scientific community. An increasing number of research papers focusing on it have been published, which have shed light on the mysteries of this species. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest advancement of studies on the lotus, including phylogeny, genomics and the molecular mechanisms underlying its unique properties, its economic important traits, and so on. Meanwhile, current limitations in the research of the lotus were addressed, and the potential prospective were proposed as well. We believe that the lotus will be an important model plant in horticulture with the generation of germplasm suitable for laboratory operation and the establishment of a regeneration and transformation system.
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Menéndez-Perdomo, Ivette, and Peter Facchini. "Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Biosynthesis in Sacred Lotus." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112899.
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Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an ancient aquatic plant used throughout Asia for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), mostly within the aporphine and bisbenzylisoquinoline structural categories, are among the main bioactive constituents in the plant. The alkaloids of sacred lotus exhibit promising anti-cancer, anti-arrhythmic, anti-HIV, and anti-malarial properties. Despite their pharmacological significance, BIA metabolism in this non-model plant has not been extensively investigated. In this review, we examine the diversity of BIAs in sacred lotus, with an emphasis on the distinctive stereochemistry of alkaloids found in this species. Additionally, we discuss our current understanding of the biosynthetic genes and enzymes involved in the formation of 1-benzylisoquinoline, aporphine, and bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids in the plant. We conclude that a comprehensive functional characterization of alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes using both in vitro and in vivo methods is required to advance our limited knowledge of BIA metabolism in the sacred lotus.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lotus plant"
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Aziz, Maheran Abd. "In vitro genetic manipulation of the genus Lotus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277932.
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Raelson, John Verner. "An isoenzyme study in the Genus lotus (Fabaceae) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75682.
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An isoenzyme survey of several taxa within the genus Lotus was undertaken to provide markers for genetic research and to test hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic origin of Lotus corniculatus L. A preliminary study identified seven enzyme systems PGI, TPI, PGM, MDH, IDH, 6-PGDH and ME, that produced consistent clear phenotypes in L. uliginosus Schkuhr. Variation in phenotype with tissue type and stage of development suggested the presence of several isozyme zones in the phenotypes. Enzyme phenotype was constant for shoot tissue of plants older than six weeks. A second study examined recombination and segregation of isoenzyme phenotypes in interspecific hybrids, allo- and autopolyploids, and in L. corniculatus. Duplication and quadruplication of pgi2 loci in hybrids, amphidiploids, and in L. corniculatus was used as evidence that the latter is a segmental allotetraploid. A third study surveyed the occurrence of various isoenzyme alleles in L. alpinus Schleich., L. japonicus (Regel) Larsen, L. tenuis Waldst. & Kit., L. uliginosus and L. corniculatus. Lotus uliginosus had unique distinct alleles for several enzymes that did not occur in the other species. This evidence argues against the involvement of L. uliginosus in the origin of L. corniculatus.
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Emery, Keith Martin. "Population dynamics of Birdsfoot trefoil in relation to disease and microclimate /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842525.
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Ollerton, J. "Ecology of flowering and fruiting in Lotus corniculatus L." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1993. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/0a08eb77-6970-5ea7-9fe7-372ef1e96b25/1.
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Lotus corniculatus L. (Legtuninosae), is a perennial herb common throughout Britain. Its main pollinators are bumblebees (Bombus spp., Apidae: Hymenoptera). This is a study of the ecological factors which are important to flowering and fruiting in the species, and some of their evolutionary implications. The work was carried out at Wytham Estate, Oxfordshire, U.K., mainly in an ex-arable field (Upper Seeds) and a more established grassland (Lower Seeds Reserve). The literature on self-incompatibility in L. corniculatus is reviewed; there are conflicting reports, but wild material is fundamentally self-incompatible. Plants in Upper Seeds are larger than in Lower Seeds Reserve. Comparative data on soil nutrients in the two sites suggests that the cause is the persistence of phosphorus from inorganic fertiliser. There is a positive, linear relationship between plant size, flower production and fruit production. The species regulates investment in flowers mainly at the level of the whole inflorescence, rather than altering number of flowers per inflorescence. Within individuals, there are no consistent trade-offs between number of fruit per infructescence, numbers of seeds per fruit and seed weight. Weather patterns only partially explain the flowering phenology of L. corniculatus. Timing of first flowering and peak flowering are correlated but are variable between individuals, and between years for the same individuals. They are not correlated with flowering synchrony. An individual's flowering pattern does not consistently affect fruit-set; the overriding determinant of fruit production is plant size. Selection is therefore unlikely to be acting on flowering time in this species. The production of large numbers of self-incompatible flowers does not seem to reduce fruit-set; pollinators do not visit enough flowers per foraging trip (perhaps because nectar production is low) for geitonogamy to become a problem. Seed predation by larvae of a chalcid wasp, a weevil and a moth differs between individual plants, but not consistently so between years. Seed predation is not consistently correlated with plant size, mean flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per fruit or seed size. There is no evidence for selection acting on these traits through seed predation. Partially predated seeds are often viable, which may have implications for seedling demography. Seed predation and flowering phenology are not defmitively linked, strengthening the argument that flowering time is not adaptive in this species.
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Nualsri, Charassri. "Inheritance of rhizome expression in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus l.) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717176.
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Gibbs, Margaret Joan. "Genetic engineering of the forage legume Lotus corniculatus using Agrobacterium : mediated transformation systems." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6040/.
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Gene transfer vectors based on the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid were used to develop a successful disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for Lotus comiculatus. A binary vector construct, pJIT73, was used during the development of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system due to its selectable (Aph IV, nos- neo) and scorable markers. The effects of the antibiotics geneticin (G-418) and hygromycin B were studied. Use of kill curves and selection delay experiments allowed potentially suitable selection pressure parameters to be proposed. Using such selection during transformation experiments led to further optimisation of this stage of transformation. The influence of plant hormones on the regeneration of Lotus comiculatus explants was investigated and a modification of an established protocol using leaf explants was introduced as an attempt to reduce the overall time of regeneration. Various explants were used but leaf pieces were chosen as the most suitable explant on which to focus research. So, through alteration of various stages, including length of cocultivation and subsequent decontamination within the transformation process, a successful method was developed. Experiments indicated the optimum Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain to be used with Lotus comiculatus was the disarmed Ach5 type, LBA4404(pAL4404). Transgenic Lotus comiculatus plants were produced which expressed the scorable marker β-Glucuronidase gene (GUS) and the selectable marker for hygromycin B resistance, AphIV. Gene transfer was confirmed by Southern blotting. The new Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated vector system was used to introduce the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (CpTi) into Lotus comiculatus. However, although there was evidence for transformed callus development, no shoots were induced. By the use of previously established Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated system, an attempt was made to introduce the pea lectin gene (psl) into Lotus corniculatus. Hairy root regenerants were produced but genetic transfer was unconfirmed and attempted investigation of the plant - Rhizobium symbiosis involving Lotus corniculatus was not fulfilled.
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Rodpothong, Patsarin, and n/a. "Host-specific Nod factor requirements for nodulation of Lotus species by Mesorhizobium loti." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080910.113419.
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Mesorhizobium loti possesses a symbiosis island (ICEMlSym[R7A]) that confers upon the bacterium the ability to form a symbiotic association with legumes of the genus Lotus. Nodulation (nod, nol and noe) genes located on the ICEMlSym[R7A] encode enzymes that are responsible for the production of a species-specific signaling molecule, named Nod factor. Perception of Nod factors by plant receptors triggers several plant responses and facilitates bacterial invasion, leading to the formation of root nodules. The studies in this thesis aimed to examine the impact of various structural components of the M. loti Nod factor on host specificity and recognition within Lotus species. The minimal gene requirement for eliciting nodule development on Lotus plants was also determined.
The M. loti strain R7A Nod factor has a backbone of five N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. The non-reducing terminal GlcNAc residue carries an acyl chain of either a vaccenic acid (C[18:1]) or palmitic acid (C[16:0]), a carbamoyl group and a methyl group, while an acetylfucose is present at the reducing terminus. Analysis of loss-of-function [Delta]nodZ and [Delta]nolL mutants showed that the acetylfucose at the reducing terminus was required for efficient nodulation of Lotus species, especially during the initiation of infection threads and for induction of symbiotic gene, NIN. Upon inoculation with R7A[Delta]nodZ, nodulation of Lotus corniculatus and L. filicaulis was significantly delayed and reduced, while only a delay in the onset of nodulation was observed with L. japonicus. Interestingly, nodulation of L. burttii induced by R7A[Delta]nodZ was as efficient as that induced by R7A. Hence, the absolute requirement for the acetylfucose during nodulation was host-dependent.
In planta complementation and domain swap experiments using transgenic L. japonicus nfr1 and nfr5 mutants were employed to investigate the role of the reducing terminal acetylfucose in the perception of Nod factor. Nodulation of complemented L. japonicus nfr1 and nfr5 mutants inoculated with R7A[Delta]nodZ was poor, whereas similar plants inoculated with R7A nodulated well. This suggests that the in planta complementation was inefficient and as a result accentuated the effect of the acetylfucose on the Nod factor recognition. The responses of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between L. filicaulis and L. japonicus to inoculation with strain R7A[Delta]nodZ suggested that at least two genetic loci on chromosome 4, in addition to the Nfr1 and Nfr5 genes, contribute to Nod factor perception and in particular the host-specific recognition of the acetylfucose, This suggests the involvement of multiple receptors or a receptor with multiple components in the perception of Nod factors.
A gain-of-function study demonstrated that the presence of nodulation genes alone in nonsymbiotic mesorhizobia was sufficient to induce nodulation and bacteroid formation on Lotus plants, indicating that no other ICEMlSym[R7A] genes were required for infection thread formation or bacterial release. Nodulation assays of four Lotus species indicated host-specific requirements for nodulation genes. The presence of the nodA, nodC, nodD1, nodD2, nodZ, noeL and nolK genes was sufficient to permit nodulation of L. burttii, but was insufficient to induce nodulation of L. japonicus, L. corniculatus and L. filicaulis. The importance of the carbamoyl and methyl groups, and the influence of Nod factor concentration during nodulation were also implicated in this study. A model for the Nod factor perception in Lotus was proposed.
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Raikar, S. V. "Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/301.
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Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus. Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%). Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×10⁶ g⁻¹FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots. The highest protoplast yield (7×10⁶ g⁻¹FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L). Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm² for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants. The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.
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Tatsukami, Yohei. "Studies on symbiosis-spesific phenotype of Mesorhizobium loti and its function to host plant." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225663.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第20438号
農博第2223号
新制||農||1049(附属図書館)
学位論文||H29||N5059(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 植田 充美, 教授 矢﨑 一史, 教授 森 直樹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Stettler, Jason M. "Utah Lotus: North American Legume for Possible Use in Rangeland Revegetation in the Southern Great Basin of the Western United States." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4894.
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Utah lotus (Lotus utahensis Ottley) is a North American legume related to the Eurasian birdsfoot trefoil (L. corniculatus L.), which is an economically valuable forage legume for pastures. Our objectives were to describe the genetic variation within Utah lotus seed collections by measuring adaptive phenotypic traits at three common garden sites in northern Utah, and to determine the genetic structure of populations and the extent of local adaptation through AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) analysis. We evaluated 14 Utah lotus seed collections from Nevada and Utah, and five seed collections of scrub lotus (L. wrightii (A. Gray) Greene) from Arizona. Significant variation was observed among collections for all phenotypic traits measured. Spring emergence date, flowering date, survival, dry-matter yield, and canopy width discriminated these two species with 100% accuracy. Population structure estimates from 552 AFLP markers of Utah lotus, scrub lotus, and the birdsfoot trefoil check resulted in five genetically differentiated groups. The three primary groups were the three species; within the Utah lotus collections three sub-groups were identified, which corresponded to geographic locations of the collection sites. Two collections of Utah lotus (LU-5 and LU-20) were among the top-tier collections for important phenotypic traits, including dry-matter yield, pod production, number of stems, canopy height, and survival. No significant Pearson’s correlations or canonical correlations were found among the phenotypic traits and environmental characteristics at the collection sites. Significant correlations were detected between genetic and geographic, and phenotypic and geographic distance matrices (r = 0.888, P = 0.001 and r = 0.235, P = 0.044, respectively). No other significant distance matrix correlations were found. Despite the significant isolation by distance correlation, both the genetic and phenotypic evaluations provide little evidence to support local adaptation. Based on these results, one pooled germplasm source of Utah lotus could be developed for use in rangeland restoration and revegetation of the southern Great Basin. Collections LU-5 and LU-20 would be good candidate collections that would represent minimal risk of maladaptation and out-breeding depression with natural populations.
Books on the topic "Lotus plant"
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Ṣaghīr, Muḥammad Muḥammad. al- Bardī wa-al-lūtas fī al-ḥaḍārah al-Miṣrīyah al-qadīmah. [Cairo]: Jumhūrīyat Miṣr alʻArabīyah, Hayʼat al-Āthār al-Miṣrīyah, Qiṭāʻ al-Matāḥif, 1985.
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1941-, Baillie Allan, ed. Lotus. Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications, 2006.
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Magazine', 'Sunset. Sloping lots. Menlo Park, Calif: Sunset Pub. Corp., 1994.
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Chunchun, Lin, and Chen Hekai, eds. Shi mian de he hua. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo shu dian, 2005.
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Nelumbonaceae to Vitaceae: Water lotus to grapes. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2010.
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Making plans with 1-2-3. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's, 1993.
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Teoh, Eng-Soon. Lotus: Photographs and Chinese poems = He hua. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2014.
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New Brunswick. Dept. of Forests, Mines and Energy. Framework for action : a government policy statement on development of regional woodlot management and utilization plans in New Brunswick. Fredericton: The Dept., 1986.
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Amor, Sally. The lotus: Turn your suffering into nutrients to feed your dreams. Ann Arbor, MI: Loving Healing Press, 2011.
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He hua chi. Taibei Shi: Qing lin guo ji chu ban gu fen you xian gong si, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Lotus plant"
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Ferreira, Joana, and Andrea Pedrosa-Harand. "Lotus Cytogenetics." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 9–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_2.
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Akagi, Takashi. "Diospyros Lotus Genome." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 65–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05584-3_5.
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Wang, Trevor L., and Fran Robson. "TILLING in Lotus japonicus." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 229–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_21.
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Hirakawa, Hideki, Terry Mun, Shusei Sato, and Stig U. Andersen. "Legume and Lotus japonicus Databases." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 259–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_23.
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Nelumbo nucifera (Indian lotus)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 1593–94. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_611.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Lotus biflorus Leesf." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 584. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_1906.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Lotus ornithopodioides L." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 584–85. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_1907.
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Lotus corniculatus (Bird’s-foot trefoil)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 1406. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_540.
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Verdier, Jerome, Kaustav Bandyopadhyay, and Michael Udvardi. "A Tutorial on Lotus japonicus Transcriptomic Tools." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 183–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_17.
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Suzuki, Akihiro. "Hormone Regulation of Root Nodule Formation in Lotus." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 85–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Lotus plant"
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Menendez Perdomo, Ivette. "Benzylisoquiline alkaloid biosynthesis in sacred lotus." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1332313.
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Sujkowska-Rybkowska, Marzena, and Arleta Kochańska-Jeziorska. "Comparative analysis of remodelling of the apoplast in Lotus corniculatus L. symbiotic nodules under trace metal contamination." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08840.
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Gordienko, I. "RESULT OF ANALYSIS OF DEPENDENCE OF THE NUMBER OF FULFILLED AND RUDIMENTARY LOTUS KOMAROV SEEDS ON THE SIZE OF SEED BOXES." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_108-111.
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The seeds collected from individually selected plants were studied according to the main linear parameters of morphological elements, the degree of variability and the presence of percentages. The main regularities between the linear dimensions of the seed elements and the size of the seed capsule containing them are revealed.
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Breica Borozan, Aurica, Despina-Maria Bordean, Gabriel Bujanca, Delia Dumbrava, and Sorina Popescu. "CONTROL OF PLANTS OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS L. ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC FREE NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/07.
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The free nitrogen fixing bacteria are able to mobilize important soil nutrients, transforming through biological processes the unusable molecular nitrogen into an active form and to improve soil fertility, influence many aspects of plant health and ensure their growth, showing interest for the scientific world and farmers. But, on the other hand, this bacterial segment may be influenced by the edaphic factors and the interconnection with the plants, the growth phase, the physiological state and the root system of the plant, by the root exudates, which demonstrates the importance of the bacterial community monitoring from the area of plants influence throughout the growing periods The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the age of the plants used as biofertilizer and soil moisture on the free nitrogen fixing bacterial communities (the genera Azotobacter and Clostridium) associated with the roots of the perennial plants of Lotus corniculatus L. There were two zones of interest, namely the area of influence of the roots of the plants (rhizosphere) but also the more distant area (edaphosphere). For the study of aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria soil samples were taken together with adjacent plants of Lotus corniculatus L. The experimental variants were located in the western part of Romania, the plants being cultivated on the same soil type, but on different plots, that were in the I-IV years of culture. The influence of Lotus corniculatus L. plants on the free nitrogen fixing bacteria has been reported in control experimental variants. Isolation and study of this bacterial group from the 8 experimental variants was performed on a specific mineral medium, favorable for the growth of the two bacterial genera. The results were evaluated after 5 and 10 days of incubation. Between the two assesments there were no noticeable differences in the nitrogen fixing bacterial community, except for the stimulatory effect observed in the control vatiant and rhizosphere of the first year culture. The plants influence on aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria was obvious in the II and IV years of the Lotus corniculatus L. culture, compared to the 76 control variants and varies substantially depending on the age of the plant. In most analyzed soil samples, both bacterial genera, Azotobacter and Clostridium were present, confirming the known ecological relation of unilateral advantage or passive stimulation of the aerobic bacteria compared to the anaerobic clostridia. Exceptions were the samples from the cultures of the first year (rhizosphere and control), but also the rhizosphere from the culture of the year II, where only anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria were detected. Our results suggested that plant-soil interactions exert control over the bacteria being studied.
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Raibeck, Laura, John Reap, and Bert Bras. "Life Cycle Inventory Study of Biologically Inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49848.
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In this paper, self-cleaning surfaces are investigated as an environmentally benign design option. These surfaces are a biologically inspired concept; first discovered on the lotus plant, micro- and nano-scale surface features aid in contaminant removal. Self-cleaning surfaces have been successfully recreated for engineering applications and appear on a variety of products. Because they can be cleaned with water alone, the use of such a surface could lead to less resource consumption during cleaning, if used in place of more resource intensive current industrial cleaning methods. A screening Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) study is used to determine if environmental benefits are obvious from the use of a self-cleaning surface over the entire life cycle. The study is performed on a chemical self-cleaning coating, selected for its durability, transparency and ease of use. The results of the LCI study are compared to current industrial cleaning practices of aqueous spray or ultrasonic cleaning, including solvent production and use of the cleaning machines. The LCI study reveals that environmental benefits are present in the use (cleaning) phase of a self-cleaning surface. However, when also considering the production of the self-cleaning surface, no clear environmentally superior choice exists. More analysis and evaluation of the production of self-cleaning surfaces is needed to select the more sustainable choice.
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Dowling, Caroline. "Perfect Timing: Quantitative trait locus analysis of flowering time in Cannabis sativa." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053029.
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Zhu, Yang. "TERMINAL FLOWER 1 chromatin recruitment, competition with FLOWERING LOCUS T and target genes." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1049088.
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Jeon, Myeongjune. "Distal Regulatory Element of FLOWERING LOCUS C Allows Plants to Distinguish Different Types of Cold." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.399365.
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"Intragenomic polymorphism of internal transcribed spacer ITS1 in the locus 35S rRNA of polyploid Avena species." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-148.
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Akimova, E. S., I. S. Koryakov, and An Kh Baymiev. "The strategy for choosing nodule bacteria by perennial leguminous plants, depending on the stage of their vegetation." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.012.
Full textReports on the topic "Lotus plant"
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Zhang, Hongbin, Ronaldo Szilard, Aaron Epiney, Carlo Parisi, Rodolfo Vaghetto, Alessandro Vanni, and Kaleb Neptune. Industry Application ECCS / LOCA Integrated Cladding/Emergency Core Cooling System Performance: Demonstration of LOTUS-Baseline Coupled Analysis of the South Texas Plant Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1376207.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Dinosaur National Monument: Results of the 2019 field season on the Green River, and the third completed monitoring rotation. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284627.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. We also calculated a patch management index (PMI) to quantify the extent and density of invasive patches into a single value that helps identify the scale of the problem. Park managers can use this tool to help prioritize IEP treatment. At Dinosaur National Monument, the NCPN monitors IEPs in the Green and Yampa river corridors. This report summarizes data from monitoring on the Green River in 2019, and monitoring on the Yampa River in 2017, to represent the completion of the third monitoring rotation of the entire river corridor (2002–2005, 2010–2011, 2017–2019). During surveys conducted from June 26 to July 2, 2019, NCPN staff detected 12 priority IEP species and two non-priority species in a 84.6-hectare (209-acre) area along 74.4 kilometers of the Green River above (“upper”) and below (“low-er”) its confluence with the Yampa. A total of 2,535 IEP patches were detected. Of those patches, 24.2% and 15.6% were smaller than 40 m2 on the upper and lower Green River reaches, respectively. The patch management index (PMI) was low or very low for 95.7% of patches on the upper Green River and 90.9% of patches on the lower Green River. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), broad-leaf pepperwort (Lepidium latifolium), and yellow sweetclover (Meli-lotus officinalis) were the most widespread species. For the first time, NCPN monitoring detected teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) on the upper Green River. Yellow sweetclover has increased on all three river reaches during the survey years. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) was found at considerably lower levels than yellow sweetclover but has also increased on all three river reaches. Leafy spurge is increasing on the lower Green River and Yampa River. Cheatgrass was not monitored in the first rotation, but increased substantially in cover and percent frequency on all three river sections from 2010–2011 to 2017–2019. This increase may be due to a lack of recent high-flow scouring events. The highly regulated upper Green River generally has the highest number of IEPs, while the lower Green River has a moderate amount of IEPs. The largely unregulated flows of the Yampa River continue to result in a lower number of patches per kilometer, lower percent cover, and lower percent frequency than the upper or lower Green River. Network staff will return to the monument in 2022 to begin the fourth monitoring rotation.
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Wilson, Thomas E., Avraham A. Levy, and Tzvi Tzfira. Controlling Early Stages of DNA Repair for Gene-targeting Enhancement in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697124.bard.
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Gene targeting (GT) is a much needed technology as a tool for plant research and for the precise engineering of crop species. Recent advances in this field have shown that the presence of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in a genomic locus is critical for the integration of an exogenous DNA molecule introduced into this locus. This integration can occur via either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) into the break or homologous recombination (HR) between the broken genomic DNA and the introduced vector. A bottleneck for DNA integration via HR is the machinery responsible for homology search and strand invasion. Important proteins in this pathway are Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54. We proposed to combine our respective expertise: on the US side, in the design of zincfinger nucleases (ZFNs) for the induction of DNA DSBs at any desired genomic locus and in the integration of DNA molecules via NHEJ; and on the Israeli side in the HR events, downstream of the DSB, that lead to homology search and strand invasion. We sought to test three major pathways of targeted DNA integration: (i) integration by NHEJ into DSBs induced at desired sites by specially designed ZFNs; (ii) integration into DSBs induced at desired sites combined with the use of Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54 proteins to maximize the chances for efficient and precise HR-mediated vector insertion; (iii) stimulation of HR by Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54 in the absence of DSB induction. We also proposed to study the formation of dsT-DNA molecules during the transformation of plant cells. dsT-DNA molecules are an important substrate for HR and NHEJ-mediatedGT, yet the mode of their formation from single stranded T-DNA molecules is still obscure. In addition we sought to develop a system for assembly of multi-transgene binary vectors by using ZFNs. The latter may facilitate the production of binary vectors that may be ready for genome editing in transgenic plants. ZFNs were proposed for the induction of DSBs in genomic targets, namely, the FtsH2 gene whose loss of function can easily be identified in somatic tissues as white sectors, and the Cruciferin locus whose targeting by a GFP or RFP reporter vectors can give rise to fluorescent seeds. ZFNs were also proposed for the induction of DSBs in artificial targets and for assembly of multi-gene vectors. We finally sought to address two important cell types in terms of relevance to plant transformation, namely GT of germinal (egg) cells by floral dipping, and GT in somatic cells by root and leave transformation. To be successful, we made use of novel optimized expression cassettes that enable coexpression of all of the genes of interest (ZFNs and Rad genes) in the right tissues (egg or root cells) at the right time, namely when the GT vector is delivered into the cells. Methods were proposed for investigating the complementation of T-strands to dsDNA molecules in living plant cells. During the course of this research, we (i) designed, assembled and tested, in vitro, a pair of new ZFNs capable of targeting the Cruciferin gene, (ii) produced transgenic plants which expresses for ZFN monomers for targeting of the FtsH2 gene. Expression of these enzymes is controlled by constitutive or heat shock induced promoters, (iii) produced a large population of transgenic Arabidopsis lines in which mutated mGUS gene was incorporated into different genomic locations, (iv) designed a system for egg-cell-specific expression of ZFNs and RAD genes and initiate GT experiments, (v) demonstrated that we can achieve NHEJ-mediated gene replacement in plant cells (vi) developed a system for ZFN and homing endonuclease-mediated assembly of multigene plant transformation vectors and (vii) explored the mechanism of dsTDNA formation in plant cells. This work has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of DNA integration into plants and furthered the development of important new tools for GT in plants.
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Lindow, Steven, Yedidya Gafni, Shulamit Manulis, and Isaac Barash. Role and In situ Regulation of Growth Regulators Produced in Plant-Microbe Interactions by Erwinia herbicola. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561059.bard.
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The main objective of this work was to gain a better understanding of how some strains of Erwinia herbicola have evolved into serious plant pathogens while also commonly existing as epiphytes on the surface of healthy plants. The focus of our studies was to determine the nature of, and regulation, of virulence factors, including the phytohormones IAA and cytokinins, which are encoded on a large plasmid (pPATH) found in gall-forming strains of this species. In addition, the in situ regulation and contribution to epiphytic fitness of a second, chromosomal, IAA biosynthetic locus (ipdC) was determined to ascertain the relative contribution of the two redundant IAA-biosynthetic pathways to the biology of E. herbicola. Genes (pre-etz and etz) conferring production of cytokinins were clustered immediately 3' of the iaaM and iaaH genes conferring IAA boisynthesis on pPATH. A new insertion-like element, IS1327, was also found immediately 3' of etz on pPATH, suggesting that these virulence factors were all introduced onto pPATH from another pathogenic bacterium. Mutants of E. herbicola in which etz, iaaH, and iaaM, but not ipdC, were disrupted caused smaller galls to form on gypsophila plants. In contrast, ipdC but not iaaH or iaaM mutants of E. herbicola exhibited reduced ability to grow and survive on plant surfaces. Transcription of ipdC was induced when cells were on plants compared to in culture, suggesting that idpC may play a selective role in fitness on leaves.
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Weil, Clifford F., Anne B. Britt, and Avraham Levy. Nonhomologous DNA End-Joining in Plants: Genes and Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585194.bard.
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Repair of DNA breaks is an essential function in plant cells as well as a crucial step in addition of modified DNA to plant cells. In addition, our inability to introduce modified DNA to its appropriate locus in the plant genome remains an important hurdle in genetically engineering crop species.We have taken a combined forward and reverse genetics approach to examining DNA double strand break repair in plants, focusing primarily on nonhomologous DNA end-joining. The forward approach utilizes a gamma-plantlet assay (miniature plants that are metabolically active but do not undergo cell division, due to cell cycle arrest) and has resulted in identification of five Arabidopsis mutants, including a new one defective in the homolog of the yeast RAD10 gene. The reverse genetics approach has identified knockouts of the Arabidopsis homologs for Ku80, DNA ligase 4 and Rad54 (one gene in what proves to be a gene family involved in DNA repair as well as chromatin remodeling and gene silencing)). All these mutants have phenotypic defects in DNA repair but are otherwise healthy and fertile. Additional PCR based screens are in progress to find knockouts of Ku70, Rad50, and Mre11, among others. Two DNA end-joining assays have been developed to further our screens and our ability to test candidate genes. One of these involves recovering linearized plasmids that have been added to and then rejoined in plant cells; plasmids are either recovered directly or transformed into E. coli and recovered. The products recovered from various mutant lines are then compared. The other assay involves using plant transposon excision to create DNA breaks in yeast cells and then uses the yeast cell as a system to examine those genes involved in the repair and to screen plant genes that might be involved as well. This award supported three graduate students, one in Israel and two in the U.S., as well as a technician in the U.S., and is ultimately expected to result directly in five publications and one Masters thesis.
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Collins, E. T. Storm water runoff for the Y-12 Plant and selected parking lots. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434447.
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Lapidot, Moshe, and Vitaly Citovsky. molecular mechanism for the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance at the ty-5 locus. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604274.bard.
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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of tomato that causes extensive crop loss worldwide, including the US and Israel. Genetic resistance in the host plant is considered highly effective in the defense against viral infection in the field. Thus, the best way to reduce yield losses due to TYLCV is by breeding tomatoes resistant or tolerant to the virus. To date, only six major TYLCV-resistance loci, termed Ty-1 to Ty-6, have been characterized and mapped to the tomato genome. Among tomato TYLCV-resistant lines containing these loci, we have identified a major recessive quantitative trait locus (QTL) that was mapped to chromosome 4 and designated ty-5. Recently, we identified the gene responsible for the TYLCV resistance at the ty-5 locus as the tomato homolog of the gene encoding messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota (Pelo). A single amino acid change in the protein is responsible for the resistant phenotype. Pelo is known to participate in the ribosome-recycling phase of protein biosynthesis. Our hypothesis was that the resistant allele of Pelo is a “loss-of-function” mutant, and inhibits or slows-down ribosome recycling. This will negatively affect viral (as well as host-plant) protein synthesis, which may result in slower infection progression. Hence we have proposed the following research objectives: Aim 1: The effect of Pelota on translation of TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to test the effect Pelota may or may not have upon translation of TYLCV proteins following infection of a resistant host. Aim 2: Identify and characterize Pelota cellular localization and interaction with TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to characterize the cellular localization of both Pelota alleles, the TYLCV-resistant and the susceptible allele, to see whether this localization changes following TYLCV infection, and to find out which TYLCV protein interacts with Pelota. Our results demonstrate that upon TYLCV-infection the resistant allele of pelota has a negative effect on viral replication and RNA transcription. It is also shown that pelota interacts with the viral C1 protein, which is the only viral protein essential for TYLCV replication. Following subcellular localization of C1 and Pelota it was found that both protein localize to the same subcellular compartments. This research is innovative and potentially transformative because the role of Peloin plant virus resistance is novel, and understanding its mechanism will lay the foundation for designing new antiviral protection strategies that target translation of viral proteins. BARD Report - Project 4953 Page 2
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Chamovitz, Daniel, and Xing-Wang Deng. Morphogenesis and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The p27 Subunit of the COP9-Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7580666.bard.
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Plants monitor environmental signals and modulate their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The mechanisms by which plants transduce light signals and integrate them with other environmental and developmental signals to regulate plant pattern development are beginning to be unraveled. A large body of knowledge has accumulated regarding the roles of specific photoreceptors in perceiving light signals, and about the downstream developmental responses responding to light (Batschauer, 1999; Chamovitz and Deng, 1996; Deng and Quail, 1999). Still, little is know about the molecular mechanisms connecting the photoreceptors to development, and how these developmental pathways are integrated with additional developmental regulatory pathways to modulate growth. The multi-subunit protein complex COP9 signalosome (previously referred to as the "COP9 complex") has a central role in mediating the light control of plant development, and in general developmental regulation. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in Chamovitz and Deng 1996, 1997). Various genetic studies have indicated that the COP9 signalosome acts at the nexus of upstream signals transduced from the individual photoreceptors, and specific downstream signaling pathways. Thus the COP9 signalosome was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis, and that light acts to abrogate this repression. However, the COP9 signalosome has roles beyond the regulation of photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die following early seedling development, and an essentially identical complex has also been detected in animal systems (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long term objective is to determine the role of the COP9 signalosome in controlling plant development. In this research project we showed that this complex contains at least eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 kD subunit is encoded by the FUS5 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The FUS5 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating FUSS and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). We have also shown that the COP9 signalosome may work together with the translational-regulator eIF3. Our study of the COP9 signalosome is one of the exciting examples of plant science leading the way to discoveries in basic animal science (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Wei and Deng, 1999).
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Xing-Wang Deng. Developmental Regulation and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The Fus5 Subunit of the Cop9 Signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586531.bard.
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Plants adjust their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The molecular mechanisms by which light signals are transduced and integrated with other environmental and developmental signals are an area of intense research. (Batschauer, 1999; Quail, 2002) One paradigm emerging from this work is the interconnectedness of discrete physiological responses at the biochemical level, for instance, between auxin and light signaling (Colon-Carmona et al., 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001; Tian and Reed, 1999) and between light signaling and plant pathogen interactions (Azevedo et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002). The COP9 signalosome (CSN) protein complex has a central role in the light control of plant development. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in (Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001). Thus the CSN was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis in darkness, and light acts to bypass or eliminate this repression. However, the CSN regulates more than just photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die near the end of seedling development. Moreover, an essentially identical complex was subsequently discovered in animals and yeast, organisms whose development is not light responsive, exemplifying how plant science can lead the way to exciting discoveries in biomedical model species (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Freilich et al., 1999; Maytal-Kivity et al., 2002; Mundt et al., 1999; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long-term objective is to determine mechanistically how the CSN controls plant development. We previously that this complex contains eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 ilia subunit is encoded by the FUS5/CSN7 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The CSN7 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). In the present research, we further analyzed CSN7, both in terms of interacting proteins and in terms of kinases that act on CSN7. Furthermore we completed our analysis of the CSN in Arabidopsis by analyzing the remaining subunits. Outline of Original Objectives and Subsequent Modifications The general goal of the proposed research was to study the CSN7 (FUS5) subunit of the COP9 signalosome. To this end we specifically intended to: 1. Identify the residues of CSN7 that are phosphorylated. 2. Monitor the phosphorylation of CSN7 under different environmental conditions and under different genetic backgrounds. 3. Generate transgenic plants with altered CSN7 phosphorylation sites. 4. Purify CSN7 kinase from cauliflower. 5. Clone the Arabidopsis cDNA encoding CSN7 kinase 6. Isolate and characterize additional CSN7 interacting proteins. 7. Characterize the interaction of CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome with the HY5-COP1 transcriptional complex. Throughout the course of the research, emphasis shifted from studying CSN7 phosphorylation (Goals 1-3), to studying the CSN7 kinase (Goal 4 and 5), an in depth analysis of CSN7 interactions (Goal 6), and the study of additional CSN subunits. Goal 7 was also abandoned as no data was found to support this interaction.
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Izhar, Shamay, Maureen Hanson, and Nurit Firon. Expression of the Mitochondrial Locus Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Petunia. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7604933.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of the proposed research was to continue the mutual investigations into the molecular basis of CMS and male fertility restoration [MRF], with the ultimate goal of understanding these phenomena in higher plants. The experiments focused on: (1) dissecting apart the complex CMS - specific mitochondrial S-Pcf locus, in order to distinguish its essential parts which cause sterility from other parts and study its molecular evolution. (2) Studying the expression of the various regions of the S-Pcf locus in fertile and sterile lines and comparing the structure and ultrastructure of sterile and fertile tissues. (3) Determine whether alteration in respiration is genetically associated with CMS. Our mutual investigations further substantiated the association between the S-Pcf locus and CMS by the findings that the fertile phenotype of a population of unstable petunia somatic hybrids which contain the S-Pcf locus, is due to the presence of multiple muclear fertility restoration genes in this group of progenies. The information obtained by our studies indicate that homologous recombination played a major role in the molecular evolution of the S-Pcf locus and the CMS trait and in the generation of mitochondrial mutations in general. Our data suggest that the CMS cytoplasm evolved by introduction of a urs-s containing sublimon into the main mitochondrial genome via homologous recombination. We have also found that the first mutation detected so far in S-Pcf is a consequence of a homologous recombination mechanism involving part of the cox2 coding sequence. In all the cases studied by us, at the molecular level, we found that fusion of two different cells caused mitochondrial DNA recombination followed by sorting out of a specific mtDNA population or sequences. This sequence of events suggested as a mechanism for the generation of novel mitochondrial genomes and the creation of new traits. The present research also provides data concerning the expression of the recombined and complex CMS-specific S-Pcf locus as compared with the expression of additional mitochondrial proteins as well as comparative histological and ultrastructural studies of CMS and fertile Petunia. Evidence is provided for differential localization of mitochondrially encoded proteins in situ at the tissue level. The similar localization patterns of Pcf and atpA may indicate that Pcf product could interfere with the functioning of the mitochondrial ATPase in a tissue undergoing meiosis and microsporogenesis. Studies of respiration in CMS and fertile Petunia lines indicate that they differe in the partitioning of electron transport through the cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase pathways. The data indicate that the electron flux through the two oxidase pathways differs between mitochondria from fertile and sterile Petunia lines at certain redox states of the ubiquinone pool. In summary, extensive data concerning the CMS-specific S-Pcf locus of Petunia at the DNA and protein levels as well as information concerning different biochemical activity in CMS as compared to male fertile lines have been accumulated during the three years of this project. In addition, the involvement of the homologous recombination mechanism in the evolution of mt encoded traits is emphasized.