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1
Javonena, Anne-Charlotte. "Châteaux et domaines castraux, outils de contrôle des réseaux de communication au Moyen Âge : l'exemple de la vallée du Lot (XIIIe -XVe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAL018.
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Pendant longtemps, les relations entre les réseaux de communication et les sites castraux ont été associées à la fiscalité seigneuriale (perception de droits de péage) ou encore à un contexte militaire (en cherchant à bloquer le trafic dans une intention défensive). Toutefois, la coordination des maillages routiers, fluviaux et castraux fait apparaître en creux de nombreuses relations dynamiques entre les territoires, leur organisation économique, politique ou encore sociale. La question décisive revient à intégrer ces nouvelles perspectives à une représentation dynamique de la pratique des territoires pour définir les conditions réelles d'interrelation entre les sites castraux et les réseaux de communication au cours du second Moyen Âge. Le cadre géographique de cette thèse, la vallée du Lot, depuis sa source jusqu'à son confluent sur un parcours de 485 km, permet de considérer la permanence des relations sociales et spatiales dans un rapport réciproque d'organisation et de structuration, caractérisée par une pluralité d'ensembles politiques et de luttes d'influence entre individus. La présence de ces différents acteurs de pouvoir (grands princes territoriaux, seigneuries plus modestes, oligarchie et aristocratie locale), dont les seigneuries et les châteaux, les logis seigneuriaux ou aristocratiques s'imposent le long de cette rivière, peuvent faire dialoguer entre eux les espaces, la politique, les sociétés et l'économie pour ainsi détailler les phénomènes dynamiques qui se rapportent à la structuration viaire, fluviale et castrale des territoires observés. Cette étude est enrichie par le dépouillement de sources écrites collectées, entre autres, dans neuf dépôts d'archives départementales, à la BnF, aux archives nationales ou encore au Public record Office de Londres. Ce travail historique s'intéresse ainsi aux différents acteurs du pouvoir riverains du Lot et à leurs instruments de domination du sol afin de mieux cerner leurs logiques de pouvoir et de gestion territoriale quel que soit leur rang socialFor a long time, the relations between communication networks and castral sites have been associated with seigniorial taxation (tolls) or military activities (by stopping the trafic). Nevertheless, the coordination of roads, rivers, waterways and castles make appear many dynamic relationships between territories, their economic, political or social organization. The decisive question is to integrate these new perspectives into a representation of the practice of territories to define the real conditions of interrelationship between castral sites and communication networks during the end of the early medieval period and the late Middle Ages. The geographical framework of this thesis, the Lot valley from its source to its confluence, on a course of 485 kilometers (301 miles), allows us to consider the reciprocal permanence of social and spatial relations characterized by a plurality of political groups and struggles of influence between individuals. These different powers (great territorial princes, modest lordships, oligarchy and local aristocracy), whose seigniories and castral domains obtrude along this river, can make spaces, politics, societies and economy interact together to explain the dynamic phenomena that relate to the road, river and castles of the territories observed. This study is enriched by the analysis of archives collected, in nine departmental archive repositories, at the National Library of France (BnF), at the national archives of France or at the Public Record Office of London. This historical work focuses on the various actors of power bordering the Lot and their instruments of land domination in order to understand their logic of power and territorial management regardless of their social rank
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Angius, Carolyn M. "The Concrete River: Industry, Race, and Green Justice on the Banks of the Los Angeles River." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/291.
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Looking at it today, it is hard to believe that the now-concrete river bed was once one of the region’s most important rivers. The Los Angeles River was once framed by wide wetlands, forests of oak trees, and was critical in supporting indigenous, Mexican, Spanish, and early Anglo populations. At first glance, many parts of the Los Angeles River look nothing like a river at all. Belying the river’s historical importance, the river today looks far more like a highway than a naturally occurring body of water. While its current appearance may not reflect its centrality in the city’s history, the Los Angeles River is the reason why Los Angeles is located where it is today.
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Lee, Weifeng Victoria. "Detour : Los Angeles River Speed Cinema." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57978.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-163).
We live in the culture of speed; everything is on its way to become a faster version of itself tomorrow if it is not already there today. Automobile and cinema are two inventions at the turn of the 20th Century that brought upon entirely new sensations through their unprecedented speed in both physical and representational mobility. However, more than a century later in Los Angeles, a city where cars and movies have been inculcated in the popular imagination, decelerating to a complete halt or even nonexistence is the modus operandi of late. Today's LA. is full of cars with no where to drive them really fast; brimmed with cinematic mementos but no real place to watch a film. It does not help that most of the architecture associated with driving and movie-watching is meant to be experienced when slowed down, not sped up. It is time to pick up the pace. This thesis proposes a new cinema typology that amalgamates the physical speed of cars and the representational speed of films through a re-imagination of the mundane activities of driving and movie-watching in the Flood Control Channel in downtown Los Angeles.
by Weifeng Victoria Lee.
M.Arch.
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Tran, Annie M. "Neustonic Plastic in the Los Angeles River." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/54.
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The characterization of neustonic plastic found in the Los Angeles River was completed in this study. 3 water samples were collected from the river on April 30, 2011 in Long Beach, CA using a 0.5 mm manta trawl. The plastic was separated from organic material, divided into 3 class sizes (0.5 mm, 1.4 mm, and 2.44 mm), and identified and sized under a microscope. Plastic was found in all three samples and categorized into seven categories. Paper, plastic, and styrofoam were present in all three samples. Styrofoam contributed the greatest percentage of the plastic found among the samples. Plastic film had the largest mean size.
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Zhang, Lu. "The Lost White Settlers in Michael Crummey's River Thieves." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9215.
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In River Thieves, the white settlers are responsible for the vanishing of the Beothuk which reflects the spiritural loss of the white settlers. The major themes of truth, regret and guilt are discussed in the novel.
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Childs, Erin. "Take Me to the River: Revitalizing LA's Lost Monument." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/56.
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The tale of South Korea's Cheonggyecheon River is one to warm an urban environmentalist's heart. Cheonggyecheon runs through the center of Seoul, a bustling metropolis of ten million that has been the capital of Korea since the 14th century. The Japanese were the first to sacrice Cheonggyecheon on the altar of urbanization, turning the River into a sewage system during their 35 year occupation between 1910 and 1945. Already thusvdegraded, it was easy for later administrations to eventually completely cover the river with the Cheonggye Road and Cheonggye Elevated Highway between 1958 and 1976. Cheonggyecheon became an exemplar of the expendability of urban environments in the face of modernization and economic growth, particularly the need for transportation in a quickly developing city. In the early 1990s it was discovered that extensive repair would be necessary to maintain the Highway, and with heavy political leadership of Mayoral Candidate Myung-Bak Lee, now the president of South Korea, the decision was made to restore the river rather than repair the road (Park, 2006).
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Duffin, Jenna. "Effects of Engineered Log Jams on Channel Morphology, Middle Fork of the John Day River, Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19338.
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Engineered log jams (ELJs) were constructed on the Middle Fork of the John Day River in eastern Oregon as part of a large restoration project. These log structures were designed to address many of the restoration goals including creating scour pools, inhibiting bank erosion, creating and maintaining a sinuous river planform, and increasing complexity of fish habitat. This study uses geomorphic change detection techniques to monitor topographic change under and around the 26 log structures in two different river reaches over a six to seven year period. This study finds that the ELJs are remaining stable within the river and maintaining deep pool habitat. The study provides insight into which log structure variables are most related to the patterns and amounts of aggradation and degradation. Understanding the geomorphic changes to the riverbed in response to the placement of the ELJs can influence the design and future effectiveness of ELJs.
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Harley, Craig Michael. "Denitrification Potential of Log Jams on the Sandusky River, Ohio :." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/305.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains ii, 15 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Le, Tran N. (Tran Ngoc). "Rethinking urban streams : opportunities for the Nhieu Loc -- Thi Nghe River." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44331.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-114).
In the process of rapid expansion, many cities have turned their backs on the rivers that helped form and nurture them. Due to the perceived low cost of their existing infrastructure, many rivers have become open or enclosed sewerage and drainage channels. In the past few decades, better scientific understanding and improved management practices have spurred a global river restoration and conservation movement. This thesis studies the paradigm shift from controlling urban streams as landscape features and liabilities to managing whole watersheds as ecosystems and assets. It examines examples of successful river restoration and conservation projects, and uses the lessons learned from these examples to suggest improvements to the management of the Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe River in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The Ho Chi Minh City River Environmental Sanitation project of the late 1990s in the Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe Basin was the first of its kind in Ho Chi Minh City. The project has been hailed as a successful urban regeneration project which exemplifies good practice. This thesis analyses the merits and missed opportunities of these projects and suggests ways to incorporate other ecological and cultural functions into the Nhieu Loc Thi Nghe River, drawing on lessons from successful river restorations in the United States and South Korea.
by Tran N. Le.
M.C.P.
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Gobeau, Nathalie. "Modélisation d'un écoulement gaz-solide dans le riser d'un réacteur catalytique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0033.
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Ce travail, réalisé au laboratoire de mécanique des fluides et d'acoustique de l'Ecole Centrale de Lyon en collaboration avec le centre de recherche d'ELF à Solaize (Rhône), a pour objet l'étude de la modélisation de l'écoulement au sein d'un riser, partie du réacteur chimique ou a lieu le craquage catalytique du pétrole en l'absence de réaction chimique, à pression et température ambiantes. En premier lieu sont exposés les enjeux industriels, les principaux mécanismes physiques puis les différents types de modélisation des écoulements diphasiques, en insistant sur les modèles gaz-solide à deux fluides, plus adaptés au cas d'un écoulement relativement dense en particules et aux géométries complexes. Un modèle empirique et un modèle inspiré de la théorie cinétique des gaz faisant intervenir une température granulaire représentant l'énergie d'agitation des particules sont implantés dans le code de calculs commercial phoenics. Des simulations numériques sont réalisées sur un canal plan, puis analysées. Le modèle empirique dépend des constantes et de la géométrie du problème. Le modèle à température granulaire montre un comportement qualitatif satisfaisant. Toutefois l'intégration de mécanismes supplémentaires tels que la modification de la turbulence par les particules devrait permettre d'améliorer les résultats quantitativement. Le dernier chapitre concerne l'étude numérique consacrée plus spécifiquement aux rôles encore mal connus de la turbulence et des collisions entre particules sur la dispersion de celles-ci. Les structures turbulentes cohérentes dans un canal tridimensionnel vertical sont reconstruites à l'aide de la méthode p. O. D. , sans tenir compte de l'influence des particules. Un programme gérant les collisions a été mis au point pour le suivi lagrangien des particules. La dispersion de paires de particules subissant une collision est étudiée et comparée au cas où la collision est négligée.
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Groves, Christopher. "Lithologic Controls on Karst Groundwater Flow, Lost River Groundwater Basin, Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1554.
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The Lost River Groundwater Drainage Basin in Warren County, Kentucky, is a karst drainage system encompassing 55 square miles (143 square kilometers) developed within the Mississippian St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve Limestones. Near the contact between these two formations are two bedded chert units, the Lost River Chert Bed (Elrod, 1899) within the Ste. Genevieve and the Corydon Chert Member (Woodson, 1983) of the St. Louis, which appear to be perching layers to shallow karst groundwater flow. Groundwater may be seen flowing on top of these beds in various cave streams and at swallets and springs throughout the basin.
In order to compare the vertical positions of these layers to shallow karst groundwater flow, geologic structure maps of the Lost River Chert Bed and the Corydon Chert Member were prepared for the basin, along with a contour map of the water table (at or near which shallow karst groundwater flow is assumed to take place) over the same area. These surfaces were digitized, then contoured and compared using SURFACE II and DISSPLA computer graphics systems. Correlation was accepted for points where the water table is either 20 feet (6.1 meters above or below the top of the two chert layers. The water table (at baseflow conditions) was found to correlate with the Lost River Chert Bed over 42.6% of the basin, as well as 40.7% for the Corydon Member. Shallow karst groundwater flow is found to correlated with bedded chert layers over 83.3% of the study area, and therefore it is concluded that chert layers have a dominant effect on the vertical position of groundwater flow within the Lost River Groundwater Drainage Basin.
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Lucano, Castillo Diego Alonzo. "Evaluación de los estacionamientos subterráneos en Rivera Navarrete." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11731.
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En la ciudad de Lima existen problemas de estacionamiento en muchos distritos, ante esta
problemática nace la iniciativa por parte de la municipalidad de San Isidro de implementar
822 plazas estacionamientos distribuidos en tres niveles subterráneos a lo largo de la Av.
Rivera Navarrete. Esta fue presentada como una solución al déficit de estacionamientos en el
distrito, proponiendo una mejora cualitativa a nivel urbanístico de la avenida, la cual será
remodelada en base a parámetros europeos. Además se implementarán junto con tecnologías
vanguardistas en materia de gestión de estacionamientos y como serán controlados.
Con esta tesis se busca analizar el proyecto de estacionamientos subterráneos evaluando cuales
han sido las consideraciones de diseño en esta infraestructura, y si cuenta con políticas de
gestión de estacionamientos adecuadas, determinando si su construcción mejora o no las
condiciones de movilidad de las personas.
La metodología de trabajo utilizada consta dos partes, la primera abarcará una búsqueda
bibliográfica en materia de movilidad sostenible que nos ayude a evaluar si los
estacionamientos subterráneos bajo la avenida Rivera Navarrete proporcionan una mejora al
déficit de estacionamientos reduciendo de manera cualitativa el tráfico en esta parte de la
ciudad. Esta investigación tendrá como base textos que estudien políticas de gestión de
estacionamientos con un grado aceptable de funcionamiento en diversas partes del mundo,
para que a través de ellas se evalúen sus principales características desde un punto de vista de
movilidad sostenible.
Y la segunda será un estudio de campo en San Isidro contextualizando la situación en el centro
financiero previa a la construcción de los estacionamientos, dando nociones de los requisitos
que debe tener una política de estacionamientos para un buen funcionamiento, y
recomendaciones en políticas de gestión de la demanda como medida de regulación ante el
verdadero problema ocasionador del tráfico, el cual es uso excesivo del vehículo particular.
Se pondrá énfasis en la necesidad de un cambio en el enfoque de políticas públicas hacia un
transporte más sostenible para poder enfrentar exitosamente esta problemática, y así lograr un
incremento en la calidad de vida de las personas. Por último se expondrán las conclusiones
deducidas de la presente tesis.Tesis
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Silva, Arredondo Eric Carlos. "Museo de los fenómenos Naturales – Malecón Rivera Monserrate." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657049.
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Convencido que el desconocimiento de la historia y de nuestro entorno, nos conduce a resolver por caminos que restan y no aportan; olvidando que la naturaleza provee; más no castiga. El siguiente proyecto de tesis; ``Museo de los Fenómenos Naturales – Malecón Rivera Monserrate``, es una investigación arquitectónica que pretende unir las tipologías de museo y malecón. El proyecto busca ser un ejemplo de la prevención del ``desastre``, tanto por las exposiciones que no pretenden una falsa ecología, zonas de investigación y por sobretodo la volumetría. Esta última, contempla relacionarse conteniendo las crecidas del río Rímac, sin imponerse ni al entorno natural ni al contexto urbanístico histórico de la ciudad de Lima. Para ello utilizará elementos constructivos, como la tajamar, techos caminables y equipamientos como huertos inundables. La idea de utilizar elementos y conceptos constructivos, hoy olvidados; se basa en el uso de tres énfasis; Determinismo ambiental, Edificaciones calendario y Ciclos de retroalimentación. El solar para desarrollar el proyecto, está ubicado en la zona abandonada de la estación Monserrate, Cercado de Lima. La selección del terreno se fortalece con dos planes Municipales; La iniciativa de recuperación de la plaza Monserrate y la restauración de viviendas patrimoniales Lima 2035. El proyecto pretende ser una opción viable tras el desarrollo de Lima 2035.Convinced that the ignorance of history and our environment, leads us to resolve by paths that remain and do not contribute; forgetting that nature provides; more does not punish. The following thesis project; `` Museum of Natural Phenomena - Malecón Rivera Monserrate '', is an architectural investigation that aims to unite the typologies of museum and boardwalk. The project seeks to be an example of the prevention of the `` disaster '', both for the exhibitions that do not pretend a false ecology, research areas and above all the volumetry. The latter, contemplates relating by containing the floods of the Rímac river, without imposing either the natural environment or the historical urban context of the city of Lima. For this, it will use construction elements, such as the cutwater, walkable roofs and equipment such as flooded orchards. The idea of using elements and constructive concepts, today forgotten; it is based on the use of three emphases; Environmental determinism, Calendar buildings and Feedback loops. The site to develop the project is located in the abandoned area of the Monserrate station, Cercado de Lima. The selection of the land is strengthened with two Municipal plans; The initiative for the recovery of Plaza Monserrate and the restoration of Lima 2035 heritage homes. The project aims to be a viable option after the development of Lima 2035.
Tesis
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Rathburn, Sara L. "Pleistocene glacial outburst flooding along the Big Lost River, east-central Idaho." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0127_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Ghole, Saba (Saba Ashfaq). "Field container as a regional strategy for revitalizing the Los Angeles River." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39304.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 121).
This thesis is the study of the Los Angeles River as a multi-layered field with urban condensers that revitalize the river, connect and revitalize the municipal districts bordering the river, and restructure the region to support a denser fabric. The project establishes the nature of public space in the city as a highly contested sphere of multiple interests and constituencies and utilizes the river as a platform to engage these tensions. The Los Angeles River epitomizes the artificiality and ingenious of Los Angeles as a city which molded its environment to suit its will, inhabiting a dry, arid desert and structuring one of the largest metropolises in the world. The merging of these two instances, the particular geography of Southern California and man's desire and ingenuity to overcome this nature by man's engineering is the story of how Los Angeles became a global city from an agricultural village. With a population approaching four-million inhabitants, the city is examined after the Southern California development phenomena of "dense sprawl" and is used as a model to examine the future potential of the river, currently a mono-functioning, concretized flood control channel, to become a multi-functioning infrastructure mediating a density of program and flows at the regional, metropolitan and local scales.
(cont.) The thesis examines the river's stretch from the Glendale Narrows through downtown to the city of Vernon and the creation of a public landscape armature with six urban condensers, areas designed according to a set of criteria that challenge the current condition of urban infill and the erasure of public open space. The expectation is that these projects will engage the socio-economic complexity of Los Angeles and overcome the limitations posed by jurisdictional boundaries.
Saba Ghole.
S.M.
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Cretella, Francis Michael. "A Preliminary Investigation of the Effect of Storm Events on the Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Lost River Cave System, Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1985. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1665.
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Samples of cave water were analyzed for volatile organic compounds during four separate storm events. The major compounds detected were toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, methylene chloride, and 1,1-dicloroethane. Minor compounds detected were trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and ethylbenzene. These compounds were detected in varying amounts at each of the three study sites. During a storm event, the levels of each contaminant changed significantly at all three sites studied. Two effects were observed when a storm event occurred. The first effect was the dilution of the volatile organic compounds during the storm event. These effects were related to the amount of rainfall and the rate at which the rainfall occurred during a given storm event. The second effect was the drastic increase in the level of all contaminants after the storm event.
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Abrahamse, Matthew S. "Abundance and structure of burbot Lota lota populations in lakes and reservoirs of the Wind River drainage, Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1797714301&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hoebbel, John Marshall. "The View From Below: Encountering Urban 'Lost Space'." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1245767184.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisor: Vincent Sansalone. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: infrastructure; terrain; vague; lost; space; levee; river; architecture; marginal; bridge; covington. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bolingbroke, David. "Restoring the Lost Fishery: An Environmental History of Northern Nevada's Pyramid Lake and Lower Truckee River Fishery." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3290.
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This thesis focuses on fisheries managers’ efforts to restore native cutthroats to northern Nevada’s Pyramid Lake for recreation, and the Paiutes’ battle to preserve them as a means of livelihood. Their efforts to reconstruct the fishery revealed the implausibility of environmental restoration, but more importantly underlined the motivations necessary to attempt it.
Chapter 2 describes how the Pyramid Lake Lahontan cutthroat— historically an important subsistence resource for Northern Paiutes— were initially exploited for profit in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and gradually destroyed as agricultural interests diverted the Truckee River’s water and industrial pollution contaminated the trout’s aquatic habitat. Fisheries managers in Nevada turned to artificial propagation to meet the demands of fishermen and replace the native fish industrialization destroyed. The Nevada Fish and Game Commission experimented with non-native introductions and like most of the West became proponents of rainbow trout and their recreational potential.
Chapter 3 narrates a history of the Nevada Fish and Game Commission’s project to restore trout to Pyramid Lake in the 1950s and 1960s after its native cutthroat became extinct in the early 1940s. For the Commission, restoring Pyramid Lake meant establishing trout and salmon populations— native or not— to feed the growing outdoor tourism industry. While the Commission made plans to restore natural spawning runs, these were unsuccessful, and the Commission relied on stocking the lake to maintain the fishery. However, these experiments failed and eventually cutthroats from other lakes in Nevada proved better occupants of the lake.
Chapter 4 describes the native cutthroat’s role in the water debate carried out in government agencies and in the courts in the 1970s and 1980s to decide whether or not water diverted from the Truckee for agriculture should be returned to the Paiutes to support their shrinking lake and dwindling fishery. Environmentalist groups like the Sierra Club joined the Paiutes in their effort to gain water that would allow for the native fishery’s restoration. Their vision clashed with that of agriculturists who feared losing water they depended on for their crops. However, after a lengthy struggle, the Paiutes won an important victory toward preserving their lake.
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Stefanovič, Violeta. "Šikšnosparnių (Chiroptera) rudeninės migracijos tyrimai Oderio upės slėnyje pietvakarių Lenkijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20141223_174652-81195.
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Tyrimai buvo atlikti pietvakarių Lenkijoje, Oderio upės slėnyje Kwiatkowice (Kviatkovice) ir Rzeczyca (Žečica) apylinkėse, pietvakarių Lenkijoje, Žemutinės Silezijos vaivadijoje (Dolnośląskie województwo) 2010 m. Tyrimams pasirinktos penkios vietos: upės vagos šiaurės-pietų kryptis ir vakarų-rytų kryptis,lapuočių miško proskyna, pamiškė, kultūrinė pieva. Tyrimai buvo atlikti naudojant bioakustinį, dviejų detektorių sistemos metodą (Jarzembowski, 2003). Oderio upės slėnyje kiekviename punkte buvo pastatyta po du detektorius. Atstumas tarp detektorių – 10 m, detektoriai nukreipti 45º kampu į viršų, atstumas virš žemės – 2 m. Detektorių nukreipimas 45º kampu į viršų leidžia registruoti daugiau šikšnosparnių, kurie skrenda ir arti vandens, ir žymiai aukščiau. Rūšių apibudinimui naudojama Ahlen (1981) ir Barataud (1996, 2006) metodika. Oderio upės slėnio biotopuose aptiktos aštuonios šikšnosparnių rūšys: šikšniukas mažylis, šikšniukas nykštukas, Natuzijaus šikšniukas, rudasis nakviša, vandeninis pelėausis, kūdrinis pelėausis, Branto pelėausis, vėlyvasis šikšnys. Nustatyta, kad vandeninis pelėausis, šikšniukas mažylis, Natuzijaus šikšniukas naudojasi upės vaga kaip migracijos koridoriumi, bet plačiau slėniu nemigruoja. Rudojo nakvišos nekryptingų perskridimų ir maitinimosi signalų visuose biotopuose buvo daug, tai gali reikšti, kad jis tik maitinasi visuose upės slėnio biotopuose. Vėlyvojo šikšnio ir šikšniuko nykštuko kryptingi perskridimai nustatyti miške ir pamiškėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]We studied migration of bats along Odra river valley in SW Poland for four nights in September 2010. We carried out all-night acoustical observations of bats flying at the river North-Soutth and East-West directions segments, in the forest, grassland and on the outer wood. The direction on bats’ movements were determined on the basis of echolocation sequences order recorded by two frequency division ultrasound detectors. We noted activity for eight species: Myotis daubentonii, M. dasycneme, M. brandti, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus nathusii, P. pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, Eptesicus serotinus. Our results show that Myotis daubentonii, Pipistrellus nathusii, P. pygmaeus use only the river as the migration corridor, but not all valley of the river. Eptesicus serotinus and P. pipistrellus directional flyings were detected in the forest, but these data were unsufficient to relate the migratory way and the valley of the river. The great amount of undirectional flyings and nutrition signals of Nyctalus noctula in all places shows that this species uses all the valley for nutrition. Our results show that the activities of different bats species for twenty four hours are different at the river. The greatest counts of sequencies for Myotis daubentonii, Nyctalus noctula were registered in the evening: Myotis daubentonii – at 8 p.m., and Nyctalus noctula – at 7 p.m. Activities of Pipistrelus pygmaeus and Pipistrellus nathusii were similar during all night time. No activities of bats were... [to full text]
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Patterson, Scott Joseph. "Sedimentology and Geomorphology of Quaternary Alluvial Fans with Implications to Growth Strata, Lost River Range, Idaho." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/patterson/PattersonS0806.pdf.
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Small-radius (<2 km), steep (8-17°), Holocene debris flow dominant alluvial fans are depositing on top of large-radius (~5 km), shallow (2-3°) inactive Pleistocene sheetflood dominant alluvial fans along the western flank of the Lost River Range, Idaho. Channel ways, with and without backfilling, have developed within the large sheetflood dominant alluvial fans. The sheetflood dominant alluvial fans are being dissected. Three wedge shaped gravel packages were identified by field mapping and measured sections in four alluvial fans along the active extensional Lost River fault. These alluvial fan deposits have all of the characteristics of growth strata (progressive unconformities) observed in extensional tectonic settings. The ages of the surfaces were calculated from carbonate coat thicknesses on clasts in the soil and are between 42,000 ± 18,000 yr and the present. Each of the four alluvial fans has different stratal patterns even though they are all situated on the active Mackay fault segment. This lateral variability has implications to rock record interpretations. The younger fan depositing on top of the older fan exhibits the interaction of neighboring alluvial fans, and there is a changing of the sediment transport process over time on an individual alluvial fan. Complexly interacting controls on alluvial fan development include: 1) temporal change in the locus of maximum displacement on the Mackay fault segment, and 2) changes in Pleistocene and Holocene discharge.
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Arroyo, John C. (John Christopher). "Culture in concrete : art and the re-imagination of the Los Angeles River as civic space." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59727.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-245).
The Los Angeles River is the common physical, social, and cultural thread that connects many of Los Angeles' most diverse and under-represented communities, the majority of which comprise its downstream corridor. It is a valuable resource that crosses boundaries of race, class, geography, and culture. Once a natural and alluvial river, a series of devastating floods led the Army Corps of Engineers to pave the 52-mile River with concrete in the 1930s. The River has been forgotten, abandoned, degraded, and largely misunderstood by many ever since. Artists have taken to the River as a creative venue. Their actions have re-defined the River and have allowed us (and impel us) to re-imagine the River as the civic space that Los Angeles is desperately seeking, but has yet to find, despite many unsuccessful attempts. This thesis examines the patterns, motivations, and history behind over 40 largely unheralded art projects over a 20-year period along the River's Glendale Narrows, Lower Arroyo Seco, and downtown Los Angeles segments. It illustrates why generations of artists from all disciplines have been inspired to engage with the River's concrete form and abandoned. From photography to site-specific dance, poetry to new media, these artists have reveled in the un-designed, un-planned, and the spontaneous nature of the River space. They have expressed themselves through place-based work, most of which has been independent of any formal urban planning, urban design, or public policy support or intervention. While this thesis acknowledges contemporary master planning efforts currently underway to transform the River, it makes a case for the power of under-represented groups (artists) to create value outside of traditional, formal, and normative urban planning and design interventions reliant on government support, public-private partnerships, and corporate interests. Furthermore, this thesis provides a review of popular critiques and previous interpretations of civic space in Los Angeles. It reviews Los Angeles' transition from a once mobile, accessible, and largely homogenous city to one of the world's most diverse and park-poor metropolises without a strong civic space. This thesis provides examples of the Los Angeles' recent and future attempts to create civic space in downtown Los Angeles and offers alternatives from domestic and international cases reflecting the principles of landscape urbanism, everyday urbanism, and temporary urbanism. By engaging with the River as space for critical human and cultural expression, the research in this thesis suggests that artists are offering key insights for how to plan, design, and re-imagine the Los Angeles River as civic space.
by John C. Arroyo.
M.C.P.
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Boum, Alexandre Teplaira. "Commande prédictive d'un craqueur catalytique à lit fluidisé avec estimation des paramètres clés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0033/document.
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Le craquage catalytique à lit fluidisé (FCC) est l'un des procédés les plus importants au sein d'une raffinerie moderne et joue un rôle économique primordial. Le fonctionnement du FCC pose des problèmes d'opération liés à sa complexité. L'étude a porté sur la simulation du FCC, sa commande prédictive multivariable et l'estimation de paramètres-clés. Après une revue de la littérature sur les FCC et les différentes approches de modélisation ainsi que des cinétiques de craquage, un modèle du FCC qui intègre les dynamiques importantes a été choisi pour les besoins de la commande prédictive. La simulation du riser a été effectuée pour différents modèles de craquage et a montré de grandes disparités entre modèles, créant une difficulté à définir un modèle général de riser pour les FCC. Outre le nombre de groupes considérés, les différences concernent la chaleur de réaction globale, les lois de formation de coke sur le catalyseur et la désactivation de ce dernier. Des algorithmes de commande prédictive linéaire et non linéaire basée sur le modèle ont été utilisés pour commander le FCC en tenant compte de sa nature multivariable et des contraintes imposées aux variables manipulées. Les sorties commandées, température en haut du riser et température du régénérateur ont été maintenues proches des consignes, tant en régulation qu'en poursuite, tout en respectant les contraintes portant sur les deux variables manipulées, le débit de catalyseur régénéré et le débit d'air entrant dans le régénérateur. Une commande à trois entrées manipulées, incluant le débit d'alimentation, a également été testée avec succès. La commande prédictive linéaire avec observateur a fourni des résultats encore meilleurs que la commande linéaire quadratique. La commande prédictive non linéaire a été testée mais présente des problèmes pour une implantation en temps réel. L'estimation du coke sur le catalyseur a été réalisée par le filtre de Kalman étendu, mais les erreurs d'estimation sont importantes, probablement à cause du choix insuffisant des mesures effectuées. L'ensemble de l'étude a montré que la commande avancée prédictive du FCC est performante et doit être recommandée, mais peut encore être améliorée en particulier par son réglage et l'estimation des étatsFluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important processes in a modern refinery and is of essential economic importance. The FCC operation presents difficulties related to its complexity. The study was related to its simulation, multivariable control and estimation of key parameters. After a litterature review of the FCC, the different approaches of modelling and cracking kinetics, a FCC model that takes into account the important dynamics was chosen for model predictive control purposes. The riser simulation was carried out for different cracking models and shows great differences between these models, which makes it difficult to define a general riser model for the FCC. Besides the number of lumps, differences deal with the global heat of reaction, the coke formation laws and its deactivation functions. Linear and nonlinear model predictive algorithms were used for FCC control taking into account its multivariable nature and the constraints imposed on the manipulated variables. The controlled outputs, temperature at the riser top and temperature in the regenerator were maintained close to their respective set points in regulation and tracking modes while respecting the constraints on the two manipulated variable, the flow rate of regenerated catalyst and the flow rate of air entering the regenerator. A control with three manipulated variables including the feed flow rate was also successfully tested. Linear predictive control with an observer gave better results than linear quadratic control. Nonlinear predictive control was tested but presents problems for real time implementation. The estimation of coke on the catalyst was carried out using extended Kalman filter, but the estimation errors are important, probably due to an insufficient choice of measurements. The overall study showed that advanced predictive control of the FCC is efficient and must be recommended, but it can still be improved upon particularly by its tuning and state estimation
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Venegas, Pardo Luis Felipe. "Recuperación rivera norte Calle Calle : las Animas, Valdivia Región de los Ríos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112942.
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ArquitectoNo autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
La intención de trabajar en la ciudad de Valdivia nace en primer lugar, por el interés personal de captar las oportunidades de desarrollo de esta misma, debido a su declaración en el año 2007 como capital regional de la nueva Región de los Ríos. Esta nueva categoría afecta no solo a la ciudad en términos administrativos sino también se espera un fuerte impacto en temas urbanos y de infraestructura para los requerimientos del nuevo gobierno regional. Por otro lado, la búsqueda de la temática a desarrollar fue guiada por el interés de trabajar en áreas de deterioro en la ciudad, causada principalmente por el abandono de tales lugares o dificultad de acceso, con el fin de rehabilitarlas y así integrarla al resto de la trama urbana respondiendo a las necesidades tanto del lugar como de su entorno y la ciudad. Es por eso, que este proyecto se centra principalmente en este tema, ya que Valdivia ha experimentado profundos y constantes cambios desde su fundación. Además, se quiso considerar las necesidades de desarrollar proyectos de suelo urbano para la generación de nuevas áreas habitacionales, ya que en la actualidad esta actividad se esta desarrollando en sectores lejanos al centro. Esto, genera una discontinuidad de la trama urbana además de una ineficiencia tanto de los sistemas de transporte debido a los largos tramos que deben recorrer, aumentando el tiempo de viaje de sus habitantes, como en la necesidad de crear infraestructura de servicios ya existentes en el área central. El proyecto busca hacerse cargo de la franja de desarrollo, generando un proyecto respetuoso con el ecosistema colindante, que responda a las necesidades y vocación del lugar. Además Recuperar , Sanear e Integrar humedal protegido por el plan regulador. A partir de esto se establecen los criterios de intervención al lugar por lo cual respondiendo al primero se propone el desarrollo de un proyecto de viviendas que se haga cargo de la demanda inmobiliaria esperada para el sector y en conjunto dar un espacio para reubicar a las familias del campamento Arturo Prat a viviendas de mejor calidad, manteniendo y generando nuevas redes sociales junto a su arraigo al lugar ya que su traslado no es mayor a 3 manzanas desde su ubicación actual, en la que permanecen desde hace muchos años de manera ilegal en terrenos del Serviu Regional.
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Kennedy, Patrick Allen. "The Effect of Irrigation Diversions on the Mountain Whitefish Population (Prosopium williamsoni) in the Big Lost River." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/512.
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Management agencies documented a decline in the mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) population on the Big Lost River, and unscreened diversions were recognized as a potential factor for this decline. Research suggests the Big Lost River mountain whitefish population is genetically unique, and it has been petitioned for protection under the Endangered Species Act. In 2007, a basin-wide synopsis of diversions was conducted to describe relative entrainment and identify diversions that entrained the most mountain whitefish. This larger scaled synopsis facilitated a more precise assessment of entrainment by a subset of diversions in 2008. In 2008, the volume that was diverted and the available stream-flows were assessed to identify correlations between discharge and increased entrainment. Lastly, a stage-structured population matrix model was used to describe the potential effect that entrainment is having on the mountain whitefish population. Entrainment was evaluated in canals using multiple-pass electrofishing depletions in conjunction with block-nets. Entrainment was estimated using simple or stratified random population estimates. Entrainment varied widely among diversions and between water years. Variations in entrainment were attributed to seasonal patterns, population densities, and the physical characteristics of the diversion. A positive correlation was identified (R2 = 0.81) between the number of mountain whitefish entrained and the volume of water diverted annually. I observed substantial numbers of fish entrained by two diversions on the upper Big Lost River. I illustrate how reducing entrainment at these diversions will increase recruitment to adulthood and increase the viability of the population overall.
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Russo, Rebecca Anne. "A study of the seismic performance of the Los Angeles River floodcontrol channel during the 1994 Northridge earthquake." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063145/.
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Hancock, Quentin Webster. "From conviction to recreation : Earth First!, Friends of the Los Angeles River and the culture of American environmentalism /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Litvinaitis, Andrius. "The evaluation of the influence of coastal sediments on river water quality." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130619_125148-43041.
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The PhD thesis deals with the characteristics of biogenic substance migration in the Lithuanian riverbank sediments and its impact on the river water quality. Six catchments of rivers with different dominant sediments, located in different hydro-logic areas of Lithuania, were selected as the object of the research. Such object selection allows to apply the results of the work to any catchment of a Lithuanian river. The aim of the thesis is to establish the characteristics of the migration of biogenic substances in sediments, ground and surface waters, taking into considera-tion climatic and geomorphological conditions of the river catchment, in order to evaluate the change in the concentration of biogenic substances in riverbank aeration zone of different sediments as well as its impact on the quality of the river water. Analytical, field investigations and experimental studies as well as mathematical modelling were applied in the work to evaluate the patterns of the change of concentration of biogenic substances in river catchments and riverbank areas.
The thesis consists of an introduction, free chapters, general conclusions and lists of references as well as the author’s publications on the topic of the PhD thesis.
The introductory chapter presents the problem of the research, the relevance of the paper, the object of research, the aim and goals of the paper are formulated as well as its scientific novelty, approval of work results and thesis statements are pre-sented... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos biogeninių medžiagų migracijos Lietuvos upių pakrančių nuogulose ypatybės ir jų įtaka upių vandens kokybei. Tyrimų objektu pasirinkti šeši skirtingose Lietuvos hidrologinėse srityse esantys tipingų nuogulų upių baseinai. Toks objektų pasirinkimas leidžia darbo rezultatus taikyti bet kuriame Lietuvos upės baseine. Disertacijos tikslas – atsižvelgiant į klimatines bei upės baseino geomorfologines sąlygas nustatyti biogeninių medžiagų migracijos ypatybes nuogulose, gruntiniuose ir paviršiaus vandenyse, siekiant įvertinti biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų kaitą upių pakrančių skirtingų nuogulų aeracinėse zonose ir jos įtaką upių vandens kokybei. Darbe analitiniais, natūriniais ir eksperimentiniais tyrimais, matematiniu modeliavimu įvertinami biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų kaitos dėsningumai upių baseinuose ir pakrantėse. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, bendrosios išvados, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Įvadiniame skyriuje suformuluota tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų aprobavimas, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvade pateiktos autoriaus disertacijos tema paskelbtos publikacijos ir pranešimai konferencijose bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmame skyriuje pateikta mokslinės literatūros biogeninių medžiagų migracijos gamtoje, upės baseino teritorinės struktūros įtakos tyrimų, Lietuvos upių vandens kokybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Da, silva Rodrigues Sofia. "Riser hydrodynamic study with Group B particles for Chemical Looping Combustion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10230/document.
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La combustion en boucle chimique (CLC) est un procédé du type oxy-combustion où des particules sont utilisées pour fournir de l'oxygène à la combustion. Des études sont nécessaires pour l'extrapolation et l'optimisation du procédé CLC, fonction des propriétés des particules du groupe B et de la technologie CFB. Les études hydrodynamiques ont été faites dans un riser de 18 m de hauteur. Des profils axiaus de pression, ainsi que les profils radiaux de flux et de quantité de mouvement ont été obtenus. Trois types de particules ont été utilisées ayant un diamètre de Sauter entre 250 et 300 μm et une densité entre 2600 et 3300 kg/ m3. Un impact de la sphéricité des particules sur la perte de charge a été révélé. Dans des conditions identiques, les billes de verre génèrent des pertes de charge d'environ 50% inférieures à celles du sable. Dans la zone d'écoulement développée, la présence du régime cœur-anneau a été détectée. Un modèle hydrodynamique 1D du riser qui est à la fois fondé sur des données expérimentales et sur les équations gaz-solide Euler-Euler, a été développé. Une nouvelle corrélation pour la force de traînée moyennée sur la section est proposée. Une nouvelle corrélation des conditions limite dans la partie inférieure du riser a aussi été établie. Le modèle 1D final est en mesure de prédire la perte de charge du riser pour différentes conditions opératoires et en tenant compte des propriétés des particules, comme la densité, la taille et la forme. Une étude sur la pertinence de l'utilisation du logiciel Barracuda CPFD® pour simuler des particules du groupe B en régime de transport a été réalisée. Il a été montré que le code sous-estime la perte de charge pour le sableChemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is an oxy-combustion like process where particles are used to supply oxygen to combustion. Further work is still needed for extrapolation and optimization of the CLC process, concerning properties of Group B particles and CFB technology. Hydrodynamic tests were made on a 18 m tall riser. Axial pressure profiles as well as radial flux profiles and radial momentum quantity profiles were obtained. Three types of Group B particles were used with Sauter mean diameters between 250 and 300 μm and densities between 2600 and 3300 kg/m²s. An important impact of particle sphericity on riser pressure drop has been revealed. At identical conditions, glass beads present about half the pressure drop generated by sand. In the developed region of the riser, the core-annulus regime has been found. A 1D model of the riser, based on experimental results and on the Euler-Euler gas-solid equations, has been developed. Moreover, a new cross section averaged drag force correlation is presented. A new boundary condition on the bottom of the riser has been investigated. The final 1D model is capable of predicted riser pressure drop from the operating conditions and it takes into account particle properties such as density, size and shape. A study on the adequacy of the use of the commercial CFD code Barracuda to simulate risers with Group B particles was made. It was shown that the code under estimates pressure drop along the riser for sand simulations
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Lawhon, Nicholas. "Investigating Telogenetic Karst Aquifer Processes and Evolution in South-Central Kentucky, U.S., Using High-Resolution Storm Hydrology and Geochemistry Monitoring." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1324.
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Recent studies have investigated the hydrological and geochemical characteristics of karst aquifers in different settings; however, telogenetic karst aquifer processes remain poorly understood. In south-central Kentucky, the iconic Lost River Cave and Valley represents a large, complex telogenetic karst drainage basin with a series of discharge points along a collapsed section of the cave. Two Campbell Scientific® CR1000 automated dataloggers were installed at Blue Hole Four, a primary discharge point of the Lost River Karst Aquifer (LRKA). These dataloggers recorded spring discharge, water temperature, specific conductance (SpC), and pH at ten-minute intervals from January to November, 2013. During the year, data for 34 storm events were captured, including water samples that were analyzed for major cation/anion concentrations. These concentrations were correlated to SpC to yield a continuous record of ionic concentrations. Rainfall data were acquired from the Kentucky Mesonet’s Warren County Site within the LRKA basin. Dissolution rates, Ca2+/Mg2+ ratios, and a mass flux of dissolved CaCO3were calculated to assess aquifer evolution processes and identify seasonal and storm event variability throughout the year. A two end member mixing analysis (EMMA) is used to analyze storm flow conditions versus baseflow conditions, and a predictive model is presented that is used to predict peak springflow based upon rainfall totals. A detailed water budget analysis and comparison to historical data is used to assess groundwater storage and aquifer complexity.
The annual data reveal both seasonal and storm event patterns in geochemical and hydrologic conditions of the aquifer. The data indicate distinct responses to storm events. These responses, as well as EMMA results, indicate that storm event flows are composed initially of water formerly stored in the aquifer flushed through the aquifer by incoming meteoric water; this gradually gives way to a mixture of meteoric water and storage water that becomes gradually more similar to pre-storm conditions as discharge recedes to baseflow levels. The highest proportion of meteoric water is coincident with the highest potential for CaCO3 dissolution, indicating that storm events drive dissolution in the LRKA. Water budgeting for the full study period and individual storm events indicate that a large proportion of water in the LRKA is not discharged at Blue Hole Four, but rather is stored in the aquifer or follows another flowpath through the aquifer. Additionally, the higher rainfall totals during storm events tend to increase the proportion of water discharged from the aquifer rather than that stored within it. The predictive model indicates a strong correlation between total rainfall and peak discharge. The results overall indicate two critical times at which contaminant transport may occur: first, any contaminants stored in the aquifer will be flushed out first with storage water as discharge peaks, followed by a period in the falling limb of the discharge hydrograph that coincides with the peak proportion of meteoric water carrying contaminants that entered the aquifer during this event. This study helps to improve understanding of telogenetic karst aquifer processes and evolution, particularly in large, complex drainage basins. Future research is necessary to understand the dynamics of these important groundwater reserves and their response to continuing pressures from climate change, human impacts, and natural processes.
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FERRACCI, GABRIELE. "On the River Road. In viaggio sui fiumi dell'Ovest, 1803-1861." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/986267.
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From the Louisiana Purchase (1803) to the beginning of the Civil War (1861), travel writing about journeys on the Mississippi and its tributaries contributed to spread themes, motives, symbols and characters of paramount importance for American imagination. Traveling was already a key part in American identity and the Western Rivers represented a landscape element endowed with great mythopoetic power. The present thesis analyses actual and fictional accounts of journeys on the Western Rivers in order to establish fruitful links between major works of American literature and less known texts, drawing especially from the memoirs of travelers and the sketches of Southwestern humorists.
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Gómez, Acuña Luis. "Peralta Rivera, Germán. Los mecanismos del comercio negrero. Kuntur Editores, Lima 1990, 391 p." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121524.
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Millay, Curtis A. "Restoring the Lost Rivers of Washington: Can a city's hydrologic past inform its future?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31770.
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Washington, D.C., like many older U.S. cities, suffers the woes of rapid urbanization and aging infrastructure. The cityâ s combined sewer and stormwater system dumps millions of gallons of raw sewage into the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers over 70 times annually during significant rain events. While many groups, both public and private, attempt to clean the river, billions of dollars are still necessary over several years to remedy the combined sewer overfl ow (CSO) problem alone. Current plans for a solution include constructing large underground storage tanks that store millions of gallons of wastewater during overflow periods. Washington, however, once had a network of waterways that naturally drained the Federal City. At least three major stream systemsâ the Tiber Creek, James Creek and Slash Runâ and over 30 springs flowed within the boundaries of the emerging capital. The waterways, now buried, were victims of urbanization, and flow now only underground, wreaking havoc on foundations and basements and causing sewer backups and flooding. Can a historically-driven investigation of these buried channels lend credence to the resurrection in some form of a network of surface stormwater channels, separate from the municipal sewage system, to solve the cityâ s sewage overflow crisis? The following study is an initial exploration of the re-establishment of waterways through Washington with the purpose of improving the current storm sewer overflow dilemma and exploring the potential urban amenities that they could provide as part of a stormwater management plan for the year 2110.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Vincent, Kirk Robert, and Kirk Robert Vincent. "IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELS OF FAULT BEHAVIOR FROM EARTHQUAKE SURFACE-DISPLACEMENT ALONG ADJACENT SEGMENTS OF THE LOST RIVER FAULT, IDAHO." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187565.
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This research evaluates models of earthquake behavior and fault segmentation, by quantifying the rupture-magnitude pattern along the trace of coseismic surface rupture for each of four earthquakes. One is the 1983 (Ms = 7.3) Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake and three are prehistoric. Two earthquakes occurred along each of the adjacent Thousand Springs and Mackay Segments (TSS and MS) of the Lost River fault in east-central Idaho, and within their intervening segment boundary. The apparent vertical slip-component (throw) was measured as the vertical separation of surveyed longitudinal profiles of faulted stream floodplains, terraces, and alluvial fans, and relative uncertainty in the measurements was obtained. The true vertical slip-component (VD) was calculated to account for geometric distortion in throw data. Knowledge of fault dip is required, and was estimated using structural contour models of the fault. The preferred model relies on the measured orientation of the 1983 net-slip vector at a faulted-fence site, but the calculation is more dependent on profile gradient then on fault dip. The ages of faulted landforms are constrained by a dated soil chronosequence (in calibrated calendar years BP). The period of record is approximately ≈ 17 ky, the age of ubiquitous late-glacial fans. The Borah Peak surface rupture is 5 km longer than previously thought. 1983 rupture VD was uniformly approximately ≈ 2 m along the southeastern half of the TSS and penetrated the segment boundary with uniform VD of 0.5 m. The penultimate earthquake on the TSS occurred between 10 and 11 ka, and had rupture magnitude and location nearly identical to the 1983 earthquake. On the Mackay Segment (MS), an earthquake occurred at approximately ≈ 5 ka with ruptures penetrating the segment boundary. Apparently a previous event occurred between 12 and 17 ka. The cumulative VD for the period of record is uniform 4 to 4.5 m on both the TSS and the MS, but only 2 m ofVD in the segment boundary. There is no evidence for medium sized earthquakes. All the evidence can be explained by four nearly identical, large magnitude characteristic earthquakes on a segmented fault.
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Jordà, Capdevila Dídac. "Water flows to multiple stsakeholders: an ecosystem services-based approach to conflicts in the Ter River basim." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393917.
Full textAbstract:
Els conflictes relacionats amb la gestió dels cabals han sigut objecte d’abundant estudi. Tanmateix, manquen anàlisis que considerin l’apropiació d’aquells serveis ecosistèmics (SE) que depenen dels cabals circulants. Tal anàlisis, duts a terme incorporant les visions i els interessos dels actors locals, és l’objectiu d’aquesta tesi. De la mateixa manera que succeeix en altres contextos mediterranis, moltes extraccions d’aigua del riu Ter (NE de Catalunya, Espanya), particularment per a la generació d’electricitat i per a l’abastament de la Barcelona metropolitana, alteren els cabals circulant i malmeten els ecosistemes fluvials. Tradicionalment, aquesta situació ha comportat disputes locals i regionals, esdevenint un problema important en la gestió de l’aigua a escala de conca.
Aquesta dissertació incorpora tres tipus d’aplicacions de SE. En primer lloc, identifiquem i caracteritzem múltiples formes en les que el riu és utilitzat, gaudit i estimat. Això ho fem mitjançant l’escrutini d’alteracions hidrològiques i components de la natura que han tingut algun efecte, positiu o negatiu, sobre aquestes formes.
Segon, hem acoblat un model d’aprovisionament de SE a un model de distribució de l’aigua per tal de quantificar i valorar els SE sota diferents escenaris climàtics i de gestió.
Finalment, l’aprovisionament de SE és estudiat per un període de 65 anys, bo i analitzant qui ha estat qui en l’exercici del poder per a controlar l’accés als cabals i per tant als SE. Aquesta recerca més historiogràfica combina dades qualitatives d’arxius (per exemple, cartes i notícies) i dades quantitatives de cabals i de gestió de les preses. Al llarg de l’estudi, la incorporació d’actors locals, tant individus clau com organitzacions activistes, ha estat un aspecte essencial de la metodologia. El treball de camp realitzat entre 2011 i 2015 ha inclòs dotzenes d’entrevistes, la organització de cinc tallers i dues enquestes.
Els resultats demostren que el nostre enfocament basat en els serveis ecosistèmics: 1) incentiva a la participació d’actors, bo i reconnectant la gent amb la gestió de l’aigua; 2) revela SE menys evidents, els beneficiaris dels quals són normalment infrarepresentats en els àmbits de decisió; 3) desentortolliga la complexitat de les relacions socio-ecològiques i mostra l’adaptació dels usuaris dels rius a diferents nivells d’alteració; 4) il·lustra una distribució desigual dels beneficis entre SE al llarg del temps i de l’espai i en els diferents escenaris climàtics i de gestió; i 5) quan s’utilitza una perspectiva crítica històrica, permet comprendre les relacions de poder que obstaculitzen la implementació de mesures de gestió que redueixen l’extracció d’aigua en favor d’un règim de cabals ambientals.Conflicts related to water flows are the subject of abundant intellectual outputs. However, analysis of their relation to the appropriation of instream flow–dependent ecosystem services (ES) is missing. Such analysis, undertaken with a proper regard for stakeholders’ views and interests, is the objective of this thesis. As happens in other Mediterranean contexts, multiple water withdrawals from the Ter River (NE Catalonia, Spain), in particular for hydropower production and the supply of the metropolitan Barcelona, disrupt instream flows and hence damage the river ecosystem. Traditionally, this situation has triggered local and regional disputes, becoming a main issue for water management in the basin district. This dissertation involves three types of ES applications. First, we identify and characterise multiple ways people use, enjoy and feel the river. This is done by a scrutiny of those hydrological alterations and components of nature that have an effect, positive or negative, on them. Second, an ES provision model is coupled with a water allocation model in order to quantify and establish a valuation of the ES under different water management and climate scenarios. Finally, the ES provision is studied for a period of 65 years, by analysing who has been who in the exercise of power for controlling the access to water flows and the ensuing ES. That historiographical research combines qualitative data from the archives (e.g., letters, news) and quantitative data of instream flows and dam management. In the course of the study, the engagement of all types of stakeholders – both key informants and water activist organisations – has been an essential aspect of the methodology. Field research undertaken between 2011 and 2015 included dozens of interviews with key stakeholders, the organisation of five workshops and two surveys. The results show that, with the proper provisions, our ecosystem services-based approach: 1) helps to engage with stakeholders, reconnecting people to water management; 2) unveils less conspicuous ES, whose beneficiaries are usually misrepresented in decision-making spheres; 3) disentangles the complexity of societal-ecological relationships and shows the adaptation of river users to different levels of river alteration; 4) illustrates unequal distribution of benefits among different ES, over time and space and under different water management and climate scenarios; and 5) when used with a critical historical perspective, it discloses those power relationships that hamper the implementation of management measures that reduce the water extraction pressure on the river in support of an environmental flow regime.
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Gulbinaitė, Raminta. "PAKRUOJO MIESTO ĮTAKA KRUOJOS UPĖS TARŠAI." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_002409-39127.
Full textAbstract:
Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – ištirti Pakruojo miesto įtaką Kruojos upės vandens kokybei. Darbe analizuojama mokslinė literatūra, paviršinio vandens apsaugos klausimais. Aprašytas hidrocheminis upių įvertinimas. Pateiktos žinios apie Kruojos upės būklę. Išanalizuoti Kruojos upės tyrimų duomenys. Aprašyti vandens kokybės cheminių parametrų kiekybinės analizės tyrimo metodai. Atliktas Kruojos upės centrinės dalies, lietaus nuotekų sutekančių į upę ir išvalytų buitinių nuotekų, išleidžiamų į Mūšą, Kruojos upės žiotyse, tyrimas. Paimtuose vandens mėginiuose ištirta: skendinčių medžiagų koncentracija, vandens temperatūra, aktyvi vandens reakcija (pH), ištirpusio deguonies kiekis, ištirpusių medžiagų kiekis, elektrinis laidis, nitritų, nitratų ir chloridų koncentracijos. Ištirtuose vandens mėginiuose daugelių atveju vanduo neužterštas, išskyrus nitritų, nitratų koncentracijas, kurios viršija didžiausią leistiną koncentraciją centrinės miesto dalies vandenyje. Lietaus nuotekų vandenyje tik nitratų koncentracija viršija DLK, o išvalytame buitinių nuotekų vandenyje – nitritai viršija didžiausią leistiną koncentracija. Siekiant pagerinti Kruojos upės vandens kokybę, darbe siūloma lietaus vandenį nuvesti į požeminius tinklus ir išvalytą nuo teršalų išleisti į atvirą Kruojos upę, įrengti paviršinių nuotekų biologinius valymo tvenkinius, užtikrinti normalų transporto eismą miesto teritorijoje esant stipriam lietui ar pavasario polaidžiams.Environmental and professional safety bachelor subject is relevant, because water pollution is one of the most cause of concern for environmental issues. The river water is the main object of Lithuania, which connects the internal waters of the Lithuanian population is an important part of the water cycle. In order to maintain a good ecological status of river water, it is necessary to protect and conserve the rivers from pollution by harmful substances that impair the chemical and microbiological quality of river water. Therefore analysis of one of the Lithuanian city of influence - urban of Pakruojis influence of pollution in the river. One of the reasons for the contamination is precipitation, rain water, which blows directly into the river. To avoid this pollution there is need to rain water to get underground networks, and purified from contaminants released into the open river of Kruoja, installation of surface water biological treatment ponds on the river, to ensure normal traffic within the city by the strong rain. Purpose of the research. Influence of Pakruojis urban river of Kruoja pollution. Research methodology. In this work the scientific literature, surface water protection. Described hydrochemical assessment of rivers. Provided knowledge about the state of the river of Kruoja. Analyze river of Kruoja surveys. Describe the chemical water quality parameters for the quantitative analysis methods waste management regulatory documents. Final results of the reseach... [to full text]
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Baize, David. "A “Drastic” Evaluation of the Ground-Water Pollution Potential of Karst Terrain: Lost River Ground-Water Basin, Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1889.
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Karst terrains, such as the Lost River Karst Ground-Water Basin, are extremely vulnerable to ground-water contamination. Seven physical factors: depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, are evaluated using the DRASTIC system to determine the ground-water pollution potential of the study area. A numerical value is calculated for each of the seven factors, and a map layer for each factor is produced. These layers are then “added” together to produce a DRASTIC ground-water pollution potential map. The effectiveness of each factor in evaluating the pollution potential of karst terrain is discussed. It was determined that small scale hydrogeologic features unique to karst areas provide significant influences on contaminant transport that are not addressed by the DRASTIC methodology. Therefore, it is recommended that modifications to the DRASTIC system be made by the users of the DRASTIC system when evaluating the pollution potential of a karst terrain.
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Ruminaitė, Rasa. "Research and evaluation of the anthropogenic activity impact on the river runoff and water quality." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101222_130626-88044.
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The dissertation investigates the influence of anthropogenic activities to rivers runoff and water quality. The main object of research is international, the second largest river basins in Lithuania – Lielupė river basin district (RBD). An exclusive trait of Lielupė RBD is especially intensive agricultural activities and karst processes. The primary purpose of this dissertation is estimate the influence of anthropogenic activities to impacts of rivers runoff and water quality in Lielupė river basin district, according to European Union directives, the Republic of Lithuania laws and regulations requirements on water quality.
Following tasks are solved in the work: the impact of too wet lands drainage on the river runoff changes, the impact from different pollution sources of anthropogenic activities to rivers water quality.
The dissertation is composed of introduction, six chapters, general conclusions, recommendations and references.
The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the paper, research methodology, scientific novelty and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation and defining the structure of the dissertation.
Chapter 1 revises used literature. It analysis anthropogenic impact of rivers runoff and nutrient migration in the rivers water. It performs the part of mathematical modeling of... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjama antropogeninės veiklos įtaka upių nuotėkiui ir vandens kokybei. Tyrimo objektas yra tarptautinis, antrasis pagal dydį Lietuvoje Lielupės upių baseinų rajonas (UBR). Išskirtiniai Lielupės UBR bruožai – ypač intensyviai vykdoma žemės ūkio veikla ir aktyviai vykstantys karstėjimo procesai. Pagrindinis tyrimų tikslas – įvertinti antropogeninės veiklos Lielupės upių baseinų rajone kaitos tendencijas ir įtaką upių nuotėkiui bei vandens kokybei, atsižvelgiant į gamtosauginius ir Europos Sąjungos direktyvų, Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymų ir poįstatyminių aktų reikalavimus vandens kokybei. Darbe sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: pernelyg drėgnų žemių sausinimo įtaką upių vandeningumo kaitai, antropogeninės veiklos sąlygotos sutelktosios ir pasklidosios taršos poveikis upių vandens kokybei. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, šeši skyriai, bendrosios išvados, rekomendacijos, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas literatūros apžvalgai. Jame pateikta antropogeninės veiklos įtakos upių nuotėkiui ir biogeninių medžiagų migracijai analizė. Analizuojamas matematinio modeliavimo vaidmuo upių kokybės išsaugojimo procese. Apibūdinamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Burfeid, Castellanos Andrea Montserrat. "Ecological factors and diatom diversity at rivers of the iberian mediterranean river basins: macro-scale, meso-scale and micro-scale = Factores ecológicos y diversidad de diatomeas en los ríos de las cuencas hidrográficas del Mediterráneo ibérico: maro-escala, meso-escala y micro-escala." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663475.
Full textAbstract:
Benthic diatoms, photoautotrophic, silicate plated, single-celled aquatic organisms dwelling on substrates, have been used in bioindication, since they are good indicators of ecological water state. In this thesis, we have used a multi-scalar approach to observe how diatoms from Spanish Mediterranean rivers are affected by the characteristics of the habitats they live in. These organisms were observed under a taxonomic-indicative, functional-grouped and morphometric prism.
The samples stem from Mediterranean rivers pertaining to either the Ebro Basin, or jurisdictions of the Catalan rivers or the Júcar authorities. Ebro samples have a fundamental importance, due to their temporal frame of 10 years, which has permitted the establishment and observation of changes in diatom communities and their characteristics. Two experimental setups, comparing differing water compositions and hydrological characteristics, were made in the other basins. The structure of this thesis takes a gradual decrease in observation range.
The macro-scale: chapter studied benthic diatom communities from the Ebro River Basin taxonomically, based on samplings ranging 10 years. We studied if diatom communities were maintained in time, or what parameters could help to the establishment of ecoregions. This study showed that the ecotype division of rivers established by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) did not reflect diatom assemblages well. A double approach of physico- chemical and diatom-sociological aggregation can create a better mirror of diatom communities, thus improving ecoregions for diatoms.
The meso-scale chapter investigated the Segre, Ebro tributary, observing the relationship between land use and diatom assemblages and indicator values. Land uses have a direct effect on river water composition. Thus, a link between upstream land cover and diatom assemblages was expected. The results show that only the predominant covers affect both the composition of the diatom community and indicator values. Structural Equation Modelling comparisons have established changes in the importance of physicochemical parameters through time and depending on diatom community structure. Diversity indices and bioindicator values were affected mostly by physicochemical composition, and tangentially by land cover.
In the micro-scale chapter, the reaction of diatoms at each site was studied. To do this, we parted the chapter in three sections, two life form experiments to observe how physicochemical composition and hydrology affect life forms, and how morphometry can be affected through abiotic parameter variation in time. The first, made in the Llobregat Basin, was an experimental approach to ascertain the effect of intrinsically different sites on diatom life forms and ecological guilds and the change when these communities are translocated. This showed that, although the physicochemical parameters seemed to favour functional groups, changing the community into a different site could still maintain some of the characteristic life forms.
Then, a comparison of functional structure of the diatom community in temporary rivers (that lose part or the totality of its surface water) of Mediterranean basins along the northeast coast was made. It showed that the hydrological regime (connectedness of the stream in total) had a bigger impact than aquatic state (water quantity
present at time of sampling). The disconnection of streams also affected the use of conventional diatom bioindicators that will be addressed in the future.
Finally, in this microscale prism, we automatically photographed samples from the Ebro River to extract diatom morphometry features. Relating these to physicochemical parameters of each site and their temporal variability, we saw that diatom sizes are affected by water composition. The surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) was highly correlated. An up to now neglected parameter, diatom width, was highly affected by physicochemical parameters.
This thesis attempted to establish how diatoms and their traits are affected by their surroundings, observing the effect of abiotic parameters, such as physicochemical composition, land use, and substrate characteristics.Las diatomeas bentónicas son organismos fotoautotróficos unicelulares, acuáticos y colonizadores de sustratos, que se han usado en bioindicación por ser buenas indicadoras del estado ecológico del agua. En esta tesis hemos estudiado cómo las diatomeas de ríos ibéricos mediterráneos se ven afectadas por la ecología del medio donde habitan, a diversas escalas. Estos organismos se estudiaron a nivel taxonómico e indicativo, funcional y morfométrico. La estructura de esta tesis sigue una aproximación a la reducción de escala de trabajo. El capítulo de macro-escala se basó en una investigación de las comunidades bentónicas epilíticas de las diatomeas del río Ebro, en base a muestreos realizados a lo largo de 10 años. Este estudio se ha demostrado que la división en ecotipos fluviales establecida para el seguimiento de la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA) no coincide con la diversificación delascomunidades deestosorganismos. Nuestrosresultados apuntanqueunaaproximacióndoble (composición físico-química y estructura de la comunidad) puede reflejar mejor la realidad para las diatomeas. En el capítulo de meso-escala se investigó el río Segre con la finalidad de establecer las relaciones entre los usos del suelo y las comunidades de diatomeas y valores de los índices de diatomeas. Los usos del suelo afectan directamente a la composición del agua fluvial. Por ello, se esperaba una correlación entre el uso del suelo aguas arriba de las comunidadesde diatomeas estudiadas. Los resultados muestranque únicamentelos usos mayoritarios afectan la composición las comunidades de diatomeas y los valores de los índices diatómicos. En el capítulo de microescala se estudió la reacción de las diatomeas en cada punto. Para ello el capítulo se dividió en tres secciones. Un experimento observó el efecto de puntos intrínsecamente diferenciales sobre las formas de vida, y cambios de estas tras su translocación. La otra sección comparó la composición funcional de la comunidad de diatomeas en ríos temporales, que sufren pérdida parcial o total del agua superficial. Finalmente, aún en microescala, se fotografiaron automáticamente muestras de diatomeas del río Ebro para calcular sus características morfométricas. Estas se relacionaron con los parámetros fisicoquímicos de cada punto y con su variabilidad temporal. El resultado fue una clara afectación de tamaños valvares según la composición del agua. La relación superficie-volumen estaba altamente correlacionada y la anchura valvar, obviada hasta ahora, se vio afectada por los parámetros fisicoquímicos.
Les diatomees bentòniques, organismes fotoautotròfics unicel·lulars, aquàtics i colonitzadors de substrats, que s’han utilitzat a la bioindicació per ser bones indicadores del estat ecològic de l’aigua. En aquesta tesi hem estudiat com les diatomees de rius ibèrics mediterranis es veuen afectades per l’ecologia del medi al que habiten a diverses escales. Aquests organismes es varen observar a nivell taxonòmic-indicatiu, funcional i morfomètric. L’estructura d’aquesta tesi segueix una aproximació a la reducció d’escala de treball. El capítol de macro-escala es basà en una investigació taxonòmica de les comunitats bentòniques epilítiques de diatomees del riu Ebre, basat en mostrejos realitzats al llarg de 10 anys. Aquest estudi ha mostrat que la divisió d’ecotips fluvials establerta per a el seguiment de la Directiva Marc de l’Aigua (DMA) no coincideix amb la diversificació de les comunitats d’aquests organismes. Els resultats assenyalen que una aproximació doble (composició fisicoquímica i estructura comunitària) podria reflectir millor la realitat per a les diatomees. Al capítol de meso-escala s’estudià el Segre per tal d’establir les relacions entre els usos del sòl, les comunitats de diatomees i els seus valors indicadors. Els usos del sòl afecten directament a la composició de l’aigua fluvial. Per això, s’esperava una correlació entre els usos del sòl aigües amunt de les comunitats de diatomees estudiades. Els resultats mostren que únicament els usos majoritaris afecten els la composició de les comunitats de diatomees els i valors dels índexs diatòmics. El capítol de micro-escala investigà la reacció de les diatomees a cada punt. Per això, el capítol es dividí en tres seccions. Un experiment observà l’efecte de punts intrínsecament diferencials sobre les formes de vida i canvis d’aquests després de la translocació. L’altra secció comparà la composició funcional de la comunitat de diatomees a rius temporals, que pateixen la pèrdua total o parcial de l’aigua superficial. Finalment, seguint a la micro-escala, es fotografiaren les mostres del riu Ebre automàticament per calcular les seves característiques morfomètriques. Aquestes es relacionaren amb els paràmetres fisicoquímics de cada punt i la seva variabilitat temporal. El resultat fou una clara afectació de mides valvars segons la composició de l’aigua. La relació superfície-volum estava altament correlacionada amb les variacions fisicoquímiques i l’amplada valvar, obviada fins ara, era afectada pels paràmetres fisicoquímics.
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Merino, Silicani de Alvarez Rosanna María Victoria Andrea. "La propuesta reformista de María Jesús Alvarado: de los ensayos a la novela." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16710.
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Dupuis, Victor. "Étude expérimentale d’écoulements soumis à une transition longitudinale de rugosité en lit simple et en lit composé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1154/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à l'effet d'une variation longitudinale de l'occupation du sol de la plaine d'inondation sur l'écoulement d'une rivière en débordement. Nous traitons le cas d'une transition entre une zone de prairie et une zone de forêt, et vice versa. Cette variation d'occupation du sol est associée à une transition de rugosité hydraulique entre une rugosité de fond (prairie fortement immergée) et des macro-rugosités émergées (arbres), modélisées respectivement par une moquette plastifiée et par un champ de cylindres. Ces écoulements sont étudiés en laboratoire dans un canal de dimension 18 m x 3 m. Dans un premier temps, nous considérons l'écoulement à travers un champ de cylindres émergents en lit simple, en étudiant l'effet du fond sur le sillage des cylindres et le phénomène de seiche (fortes oscillations de la surface libre). Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous penchons sur le développement vers l'uniformité d'un écoulement en lit composé de rugosité uniforme. La croissance asymétrique de la couche de mélange du lit composé, la propriété d'autosimilarité ainsi que l'organisation tridimensionnelle des structures turbulentes cohérentes associées à la couche de mélange sont analysées. Le troisième temps fait l'objet de la transition longitudinale de rugosité en lit composé, dont l'effet sur la couche de mélange et sur les structures cohérentes est discuté. Nous évaluons également les différentes contributions au transfert latéral de quantité de mouvement entre lit mineur et plaine d'inondation par diffusion turbulente, par échange de masse et par les courants secondairesThis PhD thesis investigates the effect of a longitudinal change in floodplain land use on an overflooding river flow. We consider a transition between a meadow and a woodland and vice versa. This change in land use is associated with a change in hydraulic roughness, between a bed roughness (highly submerged meadow) and emergent macro-roughnesses (trees), respectively modelled by a plastic artificial grass and an array of emergent cylinders. The flows are experimentally investigated in an 18 m x 3 m laboratory flume. In a first step, we investigate the flow through a cylinder array in a single channel, focusing on the effect of bed roughness on the cylinder wakes and on the seiche phenomenon (strong free surface oscillations). In a second step, we study the development towards flow uniformity of compound channel flows with a uniform hydraulic roughness on the floodplains. The asymmetrical growth of the compound channel mixing layer, the self-similarity property and the three-dimensional organisation of the turbulent coherent structures associated with the mixing layer are analysed. In a third step, we investigate the longitudinal change in roughness in compound channel configuration, which effects on mixing layer and on coherent structures are discussed. We also assess the contributions to lateral transfers of momentum between main channel and floodplain by turbulent diffusion, by mass exchange and by secondary currents
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Lopez, Seir Garcia-Corales Guillermo. "Gestos posmodernos en la novela latinoamericana : los casos de Cristina Rivera Garza, Ana Maria Shua y Laura Restrepo /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4014.
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Leonardo, Pérez Yazmin Mercedes, and Dall’Orso Antoinette Ormeño. "La traducción del fenómeno de la transculturación narrativa en Los ríos profundos/ Deep Rivers de José María Arguedas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652391.
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La transculturación narrativa es un fenómeno que implica la creación de nuevos productos debido a la incorporación de elementos culturales y lingüísticos a una cultura dominante y a la pérdida de los mismos en una cultura dominada. Estos elementos se manifiestan a través de la lengua, estructura literaria y cosmovisión. Dentro del proceso de traducción, los traductores toman decisiones para crear un texto meta que refleje el contexto cultural descrito en el texto original. Al traducir un texto transculturado, el proceso traslativo puede requerir de procedimientos particulares para la correcta reexpresión del mensaje original en el producto que, a su vez, busca la comprensión del público receptor. Por esto, la presente investigación se enfoca en analizar la traducción del fenómeno de la transculturación narrativa al inglés de Los ríos profundos de José María Arguedas traducida por Frances Barraclough. Asimismo, se busca identificar los elementos transculturados en la obra original a fin de reconocer las técnicas de traducción y analizar los paratextos empleados en cada caso. Para este estudio, se propone aplicar la técnica de análisis de contenido mediante la elaboración de un libro de códigos que permitirá identificar y analizar los elementos transculturales en la obra Los ríos profundos. Además, se aplicará la técnica de análisis textual contrastivo mediante fichas para comparar fragmentos, lexemas y sintagmas específicos tanto del texto meta como del texto fuente. De esta manera, se expondrán los procedimientos que Frances Horning Barraclough utilizó para la traducción de los elementos transculturales en Los ríos profundos.Narrative transculturation is a phenomenon that entails creating new products due to the incorporation of cultural and linguistic elements to a dominant culture and their loss on the dominated one. These elements are expressed through language, literary structure and worldview. During the translation process, translators make different kind of decisions in order to create a target text that includes the same cultural equivalence that the original text already has. When a transcultural text is translated, specific procedures are needed to achieve the most accurate rewording of the source text on the final product which, at the same time, seeks for the understanding of the target audience. Therefore, the following research focuses on the analysis of the narrative transcultural translation phenomenon on Deep Rivers, written by José María Arguedas and translated by Frances Horning Barraclough. In addition, the aim of this investigation is to identify the transcultural elements in Los ríos profundos with the purpose of recognizing the translation techniques and analyze the use paratexts during the translation process. In this investigation, in order to identify and analyze transcultural elements in Los ríos profundos, content analysis technique will be use through the elaboration of the codification book. Furthermore, the contrastive textual analysis technique will be applied through index tabs to show fragments, lexemes and syntagmas of both the source and target text. As a result, the procedures that Frances Horning Barraclough used for the translation of the transcultural elements in Los ríos profundos will be presented.
Trabajo de investigación
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Ravazzolo, Diego. "NATURE AND DYNAMICS OF LARGE WOOD AND INTERACTIONS WITH VEGETATION IN GRAVEL-BED RIVERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424631.
Full textAbstract:
Until very recently, rivers have been considered as the result of the interaction between water and sediments, thus simplifying this very complex system. In doing so, one important component was missed. This is vegetation, namely trees growing on banks, floodplains, and bars/islands; as well as dead trees lying on river beds. Both living and dead vegetation can play a very important in determining the morphology and dynamics of a river system and they also create ecological habitats for a variety of organisms. On the other side, if wood in-channel is transported during high-magnitude events, large wood pieces can increase flood hazards in sensitive places such as bridges and narrow cross sections prone to outbank flows. However, the dynamics and mobility of logs in rivers is still poorly understood, especially in wide gravel-bed rivers. Recent studies have employed fixed video cameras to assess logs velocity, but little evidence is still available about travel length during flood events of different magnitude.
During my PhD studies, several investigations were carried out to provide a better knowledge about the various degrees of morphological impact of large wood in three gravel-bed rivers located in north-eastern Italy (Brenta, Piave, and Tagliamento). The Piave river is a gravel-bed river, which suffered intense and multiple human impacts, especially due to dam building and in-channel gravel mining. The same alterations can also be observed in the Brenta River, which also presents bank protections, hydropower schemes and water diversions. On the other hand, the Tagliamento River is a gravel-bed river characterized by a high level of naturalness and very low human pressures. A series of field surveys were carried out to analyse the physical characteristics, quantity and geomorphic effects of in-channel wood on the three gravel-bed rivers mentioned. Overall, 3430 woody elements were measured in the study sites, 535, 1049, and 1846 of which were measured in the Brenta, Piave, and Tagliamento rivers, respectively. As to jams, 591 accumulations were surveyed, 89, 189, and 313 of which were found in the Brenta, Piave, and Tagliamento rivers, respectively. In addition to the ecological and morphological importance of wood in rivers, its quantification is also of the higher importance for the assessment of flood hazards potentially linked to the transportation of the wood during extreme flood events and their accumulation near the piers of bridges. Furthermore, to fully understand how vegetation living or dead can influence many and interrelated aspects of braided river dynamics, a series of data collected from the experiments conducted in laboratory flume observing varying presence/absence of vegetation and large wood were analysed. An improved understanding of how vegetation and large wood interact to determine the forms and processes of braided rivers was underlined on the research. An increase of ability to understand the wood mobility in gravel-bed rivers. The results can be considered an important advance in our understanding of how rivers function, particularly with a background of indirect environmental change and direct basin scale human-impacts.Fino poco tempo fa, i fiumi sono stati considerati come il risultato dell’interazione tra acqua e sedimenti, semplificando così il complesso sistema fluviale e tralasciando un importante componente: la vegetazione. Questa componente comprende alberi ed arbusti che crescono sulle barre, isole, sponde e sulle pianure alluvionali; così come gli elementi legnosi morti che giacciono sul letto del fiume. Sia la vegetazione viva che quella morta esercitano un importante ruolo sulla morfologia e la dinamica di un sistema fluviale. Inoltre, evidenze hanno dimostrato la sua importanza ecologica attraverso la creazione di habitat per una varietà di organismi. Oltre agli aspetti positivi che il materiale legnoso in alveo può apportare, è fondamentale tenere in considerazione il potenziale pericolo connesso al suo trasporto durante eventi di piena di elevata magnitudo. Il materiale legnoso, ad esempio, può essere un fattore di pericolo per le strutture sensibili come i ponti, nonché lungo le sezioni trasversali soggette ad esondazione. Per queste ragioni ed altri problemi idraulici, così come l’incremento della rugosità, la tradizionale strategia di gestione della rete fluviale adottata, è stata quella di rimuovere dall’alveo il materiale legnoso morto e tagliare la vegetazione da isole e piane alluvionali. Evidenze di recenti ricerche, hanno dimostrato i positivi effetti che il legname esercita in alveo. Queste osservazioni, suggerirono di intervenire sulle strategie di gestione, agendo sulla reintroduzione del legname in alveo. Tuttavia, è evidente la necessità di rivisitare la gestione del legname nei sistemi fluviali e delle aree ripariali, le quali sono potenziali fonti di legname in alveo. Di fondamentale importanza, per raggiungere tale obbiettivo, è la determinazione delle dinamiche del materiale legnoso presente in alveo e delle interazioni di esso con la vegetazione ripariale. In questo elaborato di tesi vengono svolte delle prime analisi in campo, necessarie per valutare se le diverse pressioni antropiche in un sistema fluviale, hanno conseguenze sulla natura del materiale legnoso in alveo. I fiumi in considerazione sono, dal più al meno antropizzato, il fiume Brenta, Piave e Tagliamento. Inoltre, attraverso analisi sulla distanza e velocità di spostamento di alcuni elementi legnosi durante eventi di piena di diversa magnitudo nel fiume Tagliamento, si vuole incrementare la conoscenza dei processi di trasporto e deposizione del materiale legnoso in larghi fiumi ghiaiosi. Vista la simultaneità delle dinamiche osservabili in campo tra vegetazione e legname in alveo, risulta opportuno ricorrere ad analisi di laboratorio in modo da riuscire a scindere le due componenti. La serie di simulazioni, condotte in una canaletta artificiale, hanno lo scopo di rappresentare un significativo contributo alla comprensione degli effetti reciprocamente connessi tra la vegetazione e legname in alveo, nel contesto della morfologia fluviale. Con questo elaborato di tesi si vuole esprimere un importante punto di inizio per un migliore approccio alla gestione del materiale legnoso nei sistemi fluviali, aumentando le conoscenze sulle sue dinamiche ed interazioni con la vegetazione ripariale in fiumi ghiaiosi.
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Gegužis, Ramūnas. "Impact of flow energy distribution on the ecological status of rivers." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131218_133501-16390.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study - to investigate interaction regularities of water flow energy distribution and stream beds during the naturalization process, to identify morphometric changes in the beds of streams and to assess the impact of these factors on the ecological status of rivers. To achieving this aim, 6 specific tasks were identified: 1 Designing geostatistical models of hydromorphological characteristics of regulated and natural river beds based on the field research results; 2 Identifying morphometric characteristics of river beds based on geostatistical models; 3 Determining regularities of the flow energy distribution and its interaction with the stream bed; 4 Determining the abundance and composition of grass and woody vegetation in the investigated sections of streams; 5 Determining the diversity, composition and abundance of macrozoobenthos and fish species; 6 Identifying the impact of flow energy distribution and stream bed interaction on the ecological status of rivers.Darbo tikslas – ištirti vandens tėkmės energijos pasiskirstymo ir upelių vagų sąveikos dėsningumus, vykstant natūralizacijos procesams, nustatyti morfometrinius pokyčius upelių vagose lemiančius veiksnius ir įvertinti jų poveikį upių ekologinei būklei. Darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo sprendžiami 6 uždaviniai: 1) taikant natūrinių tyrimų rezultatus, sudaryti geostatistinius reguliuotų ir natūralių vagų hidromorfologinių charakteristikų modelius; 2) pasinaudojus gautais modeliais, nustatyti morfometrines vagų charakteristikas; 3) pasinaudojus gautais modeliais, išsiaiškinti tėkmės energijos pasiskirstymo ir jos sąveikos su upelių vaga dėsningumus; 4) ištirti žolinės ir sumedėjusios augalijos gausą ir jos sudėtį tiriamų upelių atkarpose; 5) nustatyti makrozoobentoso ir juo besimaitinančių žuvų rūšinę įvairovę, sudėtį ir gausą; 6) išsiaiškinti tėkmės energijos pasiskirstymo ir upelių vagų sąveikos įtaką upių ekologinei būklei.
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Aalto, Rolf Erhart. "Geomorphic form and process of sediment flux within an active orogen : denudation of the Bolivian Andes and sediment conveyance across the Beni Foreland /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6718.
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Donauskaitė, Eglė. "Požeminio vandens išteklių baseininio valdymo ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110207_105114-51339.
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Lietuvai vykdant vandenų politiką teko įgyvendinti ES direktyvų reikalavimus. Bendroji vandens politikos direktyva numato visą vandens apytakos gamtoje rato priežiūrą ir apsaugą, tad reikalaujama įgyvendinti vandens išteklių baseininio valdymo sistemą. Pagal šią sistemą susiejami upių baseinai ir požeminio vandens telkiniai, tarp kurių Lietuvos sąlygomis ryšio nėra, juo labiau jų ribos nesutampa. Šalis išsiskiria tarp daugumos Europos valstybių, nes turi palankias geologines ir klimatines sąlygas gausiems požeminio vandens ištekliams kauptis ir tik juos naudoja geriamam vandeniui tiekti. Todėl požeminio vandens, kaip vienintelio geriamojo vandens šaltinio Lietuvoje, apsauga yra labai svarbi. Baigiamojo magistro darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti požeminio vandens išteklių baseininį valdymą ir jo įgyvendinimą bei ypatumus Lietuvoje. Kad pasiekti šį tikslą, buvo analizuojama esama požeminio vandens išteklių baseininio valdymo sistema Lietuvoje ir bandoma atskleisti požeminio vandens baseininio valdymo efektyvumą. Darbo įvade iškelta hipotezė, kad požeminio vandens išteklių baseininis valdymas Lietuvoje nevyksta efektyviai ir realiai negali padėti siekti Bendrojoje vandens politikos direktyvoje požeminiam vandeniui keliamų tikslų. Ekspertų nuomonė pateikiama visame darbe, o pagrindinai – paskutinėje darbo dalyje. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos.Lithuania had to implement the requirements of EU directives when water policy was being implemented. The Water Framework Directive provides supervision and protection of the entire water circuit and requires to implement the river basin management system. This system joins the river basins and the bodies of groundwater, which have no link in the territory of Lithuania. In addition, the borders of both the river basins and the bodies of groundwater do not coincide. Lithuania differs from the majority of other European states because it has favourable geological and climatic conditions that account for the accumulation of abundant groundwater resources – only resources used for drinking water supply. Therefore the protection of groundwater is very important in Lithuania because it is only source of drinking water in this country. The aim of fhe final Master‘s work is to analyse the river basin management of groundwater resources and its implementation and peculiarities in Lithuania. To reach this aim the present river basin management system of groundwater resources has been analysed and the efficiency of this system has been exposed. The hypothesis that the river basin management of groundwater resources in Lithuania is not efficient and it can not help to reach the aims setted for groundwater resources in The Water Framework Directive is confirmed. The opinion of the experts is provided in the work and mainly in its last part. The conclusions and the proposals are... [to full text]
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Ferreira, de Carvalho Rui Filipe. "Análisis multi-proxy paleoambiental y modelización de registros sedimentarios fluviales en los Alpes Suizos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287059.
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El estudio de sistemas fluviales mediante el análisis de testigos sedimentarios supone una oportunidad singular para comprender los patrones espaciales y temporales que rigen la dinámica de la agradación fluvial bajo la influencia de diferentes fuerzas motrices, como son la variabilidad climática o las actividades humanas. Los abanicos aluviales y deltas de los principales valles alpinos de modelado glaciar son importantes cubetas sedimentarias (Hinderer, 2001), que proporcionan registros sedimentarios de alta resolución por ser entornos relativamente estables (Schulte et al., 2008, 2009a).
Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la dinámica sedimentaria de llanuras deltaicas en los Alpes Berneses. En el valle del bajo Hasli se ha aplicado un análisis multi-proxy que incidió principalmente en el estudio de la dinámica fluvial del pasado, concretamente en los últimos 2500 años, lo que posibilitó el análisis de las interacciones del sistema fluvial con la variabilidad climática y con los cambios de usos del suelo. Los análisis realizados incluyen un estudio cronoestratigráfico y geoquímico de testigos sedimentarios. Se realizó una modelización de la agradación sedimentaria en llanuras deltaicas y una estimación de la erosión del suelo y del transporte de sedimentos en cuencas tributarias de pequeña dimensión.
Los registros geoquímicos del delta del río Aare permiten identificar dos grupos de elementos principales, uno que engloba el OC y metales como el Cu, Zn y Pb, que se asocian con los horizontes orgánicos, y otro donde se agrupan los elementos químicos de materiales asociados a minerales de aluminosilicatos. Se distinguen por un lado, periodos marcados por un aumento del aporte sedimentario, asociados a fases climáticas frías y por otro lado una mayor incidencia de formación de suelos ricos en materia orgánica en periodos cálidos. La realización de un índice de concentración de metales ha permitido encontrar evidencias de fases de actividad minera durante el Periodo Romano y la Edad Media Temprana, así como un incremento generalizado en la Época Moderna.
La modelización de la agradación en las llanuras deltaicas del Aare y del Lütschine ha mostrado que existe una relación directa entre las diferencias en las tasas de sedimentación de cada testigo sedimentario y el ambiente sedimentario en el que se inscribe cada uno de ellos. Las tasas de sedimentación se asocian a ambientes sedimentarios específicos: las depresiones interdistributarias se caracterizan por tener tasas de sedimentación más bajas, mientras que en las áreas proximales del delta o las más cercanas al canal se registran tasas elevadas.
El análisis del volumen de material depositado y su distribución temporal en los deltas del Aare y del Lütschine indica la inexistencia de un incremento significativo de los sedimentos acumulados en los últimos 1000 años, periodo marcado por una fuerte intervención humana. Se estima que el principal motivo es la eficiente gestión hidrológica desarrollada por las comunidades locales, que han conseguido, a partir de medidas de mitigación estructurales (levées), que la mayor parte de los sedimentos transportados por los ríos Aare y Lütschine sea transferida directamente hacia el lago Brienz.
Se ha efectuado un primer avance para intentar cuantificar la erosión y el transporte fluvial, mediante el modelo RUSLE y WaTEM/SEDEM, en cuencas tributarias de las llanuras deltaicas del Aare y del Lütschine. Los resultados obtenidos muestran algunas incoherencias en relación a la realidad geomorfológica, ya que son incapaces de explicar la elevada variabilidad de los procesos erosivos y de transporte en entornos alpinos. Sin embargo, se ha podido evaluar la aplicabilidad del modelo RUSLE en ámbitos alpinos, así como el análisis de la influencia del coeficiente de erosión y la importancia de los diferentes usos del suelo en la erosión potencial del suelo.The study of fluvial systems by means of sediment cores is one of the most interesting approaches to understand the spatial and temporal pattern of river dynamics under the influence of different driving forces such as climate variability and human activities. This work focuses on the analysis of the sedimentary dynamics of two delta plains from the Bernese Alps. In the lower Hasli valley a multi-proxy paleoenvironmental analysis of fluvial and alluvial sediments was conducted, allowing the reconstruction of the interactions of climate variability in river systems and changes in land use. The research combines stratigraphical and geochemical analysis of sediment cores. Other approach focused on modeling sediment aggradation in the Hasli valley and in the Lütschine delta plain. An estimation of soil erosion and transport in tributary watersheds was also conducted in both of the mentioned delta plains. The results of the geochemical analysis from the Aare sediments showed periods of increased sediment agradation that are associated with cold climatic phases, whereas organic rich soil formation occurred during warmer periods. The development of a metal anomaly index provided evidences of phases of mining activity during the Roman Period and the Early Middle Ages, as well as a general increase of metal concentration during the Modern Era. The volume and temporal distribution of aggradation in delta plains indicates the absence of a significant increase of accumulation during the last 1000 years, despite strong human intervention. This may be due to an efficient water management by local communities that were able to implement structural mitigation measures in river channels (embankment) that bypass the majority of transported sediments towards Lake Brienz. A first approach was made in the quantification of erosion and river transport in tributary watersheds of the Aare and Lütschine delta plains. The results indicate some inconsistencies in relation to the geomorphological landforms, since they are unable to explain the high variability of erosion and transport in alpine sedimentary environments. However, the data obtained evaluate the applicability of RUSLE model in mountain regions and allowed the analysis of erosion coefficient and land use importance on the estimation of potential soil erosion.
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Smith, Christy A. "Lost Cove, North Carolina: The Life and Death of a Thriving Community (1864-1957)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2147.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the history and events that shaped the people and community of Lost Cove, an isolated Appalachian settlement. Chapter 1 surveys previous written and oral accounts of Lost Cove and the physical/cultural attributes of the community. Chapter 2 explores Lost Cove's identity, name, and first settlers. Chapter 3 explores the community's buildings and the families' livelihood. Chapter 4 examines the effect that the CC & O Railway and the sawmills had on the community. Chapter 5 examines moonshine selling in Lost Cove. Chapter 6 reveals how the church and school acted as a gathering place and how sermons and funerals were conducted. Chapter 7 explains why Lost Cove became a ghost town. Much of the information in chapters 3 through 7 is based on oral history interviews that the author did with former residents of the cove.
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Schmutz, Hélène. "Vers une redéfinition de la nature américaine : trois études de cas dans la région de Los Angeles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040149/document.
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Les historiens de l’environnement s’attachent à déchiffrer les modes de relation entre l’homme et la nature aux Etats-Unis. La manière dont elle est définie conditionne les politiques environnementales, et donc contribue à la transformation matérielle du continent. Cinq traditions de la pensée environnementale américaine sont décrites : la nature comme ressource transformée par le travail ; le préservationnisme ; le conservationnisme ; l’écologie ; et la justice environnementale. Ces idées perdurent au XXIème siècle dans les discours construits au sujet de la nature : elles se juxtaposent ou se confrontent. L’objectif de ce travail est de savoir si elles se transforment, en évoluant vers une définition de la relation homme/nature comme hybride socionaturel. À cette fin, trois cas sont étudiés, tous situés dans la région de Los Angeles au début des années 2000. Le premier concerne le ranch Tejon, dont l’accord passé en 2008 entre associations de protection de la nature et propriétaires pose la question du sens donné à une préservation qui veut prendre en compte les aspects à la fois écologiques, mythiques et économiques de ce territoire, vestige du passé de l’Ouest. Le second se rapporte à la décision prise en 2007 par la ville de Los Angeles de revitaliser son fleuve et fournit un exemple de l’élargissement de la définition de la nature : celle-ci peut être urbaine. Enfin, troisième cas, la justice environnementale appliquée à la ferme communautaire de South Central Los Angeles, entretenue de 1994 à 2006, est signe de la transition de la pensée de la nature américaine d’un objet délimité dans l’espace vers une problématique mondialeEnvironmental historians have worked at redefining the modes of relationship between man and nature in the United States. The way this relation is defined conditions environmental politics, and therefore contributes to the material transformation of the continent. Five major trends of thought about nature are described: nature as a resource transformed by work ; preservationism ; conservationism ; ecology ; and environmental justice. Those ideas endure to this very day in the discourses constructed about nature: they either juxtapose or confront each other. The goal of this thesis is to understand whether they undergo a transformation, evolving towards a definition of the man/nature relationship as a socionatural hybrid. To this end, three cases are examined here, all of which are connected with the Los Angeles area in the early 2000s. The first concerns Tejon Ranch and the agreement passed in 2008 about Tejon Ranch between environmental associations and the owners : it poses the question of the meaning given to a preservation that would incorporate ecological, mythical and economic aspects of that territory, a remain of the Western past. The second deals with the decision that was made in 2007 by the City of Los Angeles to revitalize its river and offers a good example of the broadening of the definition of nature: it can also be urban. The ecological and cultural preoccupations about the river complicate the conservation problematic in Southern California. Finally, South Central Farm’s environmental justice case (1994-2006) is the sign of a transition in American environmental ideas from a clearly spatially limited object to a world issue