Academic literature on the topic 'Loss absorbency'
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Journal articles on the topic "Loss absorbency"
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Wang, Kun Yan, Ru Feng Cen, and Wen Wen Shu. "Preparation and Performance of Super-Absorbent Resin Using Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.498.
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In order to develop a new way for utilizing Polyacrylonitril (PAN) fiber wastes, a super-absorbent resin was prepared using the waste of PAN fibers at alkaline hydrolysis condition with Al3+ as cross-linker. The molecular structure of the super-absorbent resin was confirmed by FTIR. The thermal degradation of super-absorbent resin consisted of one main weight loss step. Factors that can influence absorbencies of the super-absorbent resin were investigated, such as the amount of cross-linker. The super-absorbent resin has the water absorbency of 131g/g in distilled water. The super-absorbent resin can be used as a new material to water retention from the soil in agriculture.
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Jørgensen, Uffe. "Achillodynia and loss of heel pad shock absorbency." American Journal of Sports Medicine 13, no. 2 (March 1985): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354658501300209.
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Bashar, Md Mahbubul, Md Abu Bakar Siddiquee, Priti Sarker, Tanzina Tasmina Tohfa, Amjad Hossain, Ibrahim Azad, and Nazma Aktherr. "Comparative study of conventional and enzymatic pretreatment (scouring & bleaching) of cotton knitted fabric." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2014): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i1.1055.
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The scouring and bleaching performance of conventional process (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide), was compared to that of enzymatic process using enzyme (arylesterase) which catalyst the discontinuous peroxide reaction. The whiteness and reflectance% indicating bleaching performance and absorbency and weight loss % was used as a measure of the scouring performance. Comparison of these performance and the effects are analyzed by using graphical representation. The weight loss% of enzymatic process was less than conventional process. In conventional process the reflectance % and absorbency increased and whiteness decreased with the increasing of concentration of caustic soda and the aforementioned properties were increased with the increasing of concentration of H2O2. In enzymatic process the reflectance % of cotton fabric increased and whiteness and absorbency fluctuated with the increasing of concentration of enzyme. Meanwhile reflectance %, absorbency and whiteness increased with the increasing of concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Enzymatic process was found eco-friendly process as it was occurred in neutral pH and the COD of this process was less than conventional process. It was found that the enzymatic process was superior to the conventional process under the conditions studied. Keywords: Scouring, bleaching, conventional, enzymatic pretreatment.
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Jørgensen, Uffe, and Finn Bojsen-Møller. "Shock Absorbency of Factors in the Shoe/Heel Interaction—With Special Focus on Role of the Heel Pad." Foot & Ankle 9, no. 6 (June 1989): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078900900607.
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The heel pad acts as a shock absorber in walking and in heel-strike running. In some patients, a reduction of its shock-absorbing capacity has been connected to the development of overuse injuries. In this article, the shock absorption of the heel pad as well as external shock absorbers are studied. Individual variation and the effect of trauma and confinement on the heel pad were specifically investigated. Drop tests, imitating heel impacts, were performed on a force plate. The test specimens were cadaver heel pads (n = 10); the shoe sole component consisted of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) foam and Sorbothane inserts. The shock absorption was significantly greater in the heel pad than in the external shock absorbers. The mean heel pad shock absorption was 1.1 times for EVA foam and 2.1 times for Sorbothane. The shock absorption varied by as much as 100% between heel pads. Trauma caused a decrease in the heel pad shock absorbency (24%), whereas heel pad confinement increased the shock absorbency (49% in traumatized heel pads and 29.5% in nontraumatized heel pads). These findings provide a biomechanical rationale for the clinical observations of a correlation between heel pad shock absorbency loss and heel strike-dependent overuse injuries. To increase shock absorbency, confinement of the heel pad should be attempted in vivo.
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Adair, Ajaman, Azizon Kaesaman, and Pairote Klinpituksa. "Water-swellable rubber blend from epoxidized natural rubber and superabsorbent polymer composite." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 36, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760619895025.
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Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and a superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC) along with other minor components were mechanically blended in an internal mixer (Brabender Plasticorder) at 40°C and 60 r/min rotor speed with 80% fill factor. The SAPC was synthesized by grafting polyacrylamide onto hydroxyethyl cellulose backbones and adding bentonite clay. The first water-swelling behavior was investigated with alternative epoxidation levels of the ENR. Water-swellable rubber (WSR) performed well in terms of water absorbency, and weight loss was achieved with 50 mole% epoxidation level, so this ENR was chosen for the rubber matrix from which WSR was prepared with various contents of SAPC (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr). The results indicated that SAPC loading positively affected water absorbency, which was resulted by increasing weight loss and loss of mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation at break. However, the modulus increased with SAPC content. WSR formulated from ENR-50, SAPC, and other ingredients resulting in good water-swelling behaviors and modulus, while the tensile strength and elongation at break had opposition. SAPC was an important factor to control the overall WSR properties.
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Czyż, Anna, and Magdalena Ciechowska. "AUDITORY SYSTEM AIDING DEVICES AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 9(11-12) (December 27, 2018): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2018.5007.9(11-12)-5.
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The paper deals with the problem of hearing loss in the context of condition of society and statistics determining the need for a discussion regarding the school functioning hard of hearing people. The conditions of the acoustic environment were analyzed, including the impact of: noise, reverberation, volume and absorbency of school rooms, on the communication process. Means of modern hearing devices have been analyzed in context of the speech perception supporting.
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Sano, Saburo, Sadatsugu Takayama, and Akira Kishimoto. "Microwave Absorbency Change of Nitride Powders under Vacuum Heating." Advances in Science and Technology 88 (October 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.88.31.
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We measured the microwave and millimeter-wave behaviors of ceramics and metal powders as a basis for developing microwave and millimeter-wave heating technology. In this study, nitride powders were subjected to microwave absorption measurements at elevated temperature. These measurements were performed using a system comprising a vector network analyzer, a circular wave-guide fixture, and a vacuum furnace. The sample’s microwave absorbency was evaluated by the change in reflection power from the sample in the circular wave-guide fixture under vacuum heating. Measurements were performed at approximately 24 GHz and at temperature up to approximately 1100°C. Boron nitride (BN) exhibited almost no absorption of microwaves up to 1100°C, similar to the results of a low-loss oxide powder such as alumina. Dichromium mononitride (Cr2N) powder exhibited a rather high absorption of microwaves at room temperature. During vacuum heating, absorbency of Cr2N started to decrease at 300°C, and became almost zero at temperature greater than 600°C, similar to the behavior of iron powder. This result indicated that roughly packed Cr2N powder absorbs microwave radiation; however, during vacuum heating, the compact body was sintered and the whole sample body became a reflector of microwaves. This change was irreversible, and the sample maintained its reflection behavior upon the cooling. When a mixed powder of Cr2N (20 mass%) and Al2O3 was heated under vacuum, the compact sample exhibited microwave absorption that increased with increasing temperature. This change was reversible upon cooling. These results indicated that the mixed powder did not become reflector of microwaves; Cr2N particles were not electrically connected each other because the Al2O3 particles kept the Cr2N particles separate during the vacuum heating process.
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Borisova, Anna, and Skaidrīte Reihmane. "A Study of Absorption Properties Improvement of Cotton Blended Fabric." Key Engineering Materials 559 (June 2013): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.559.13.
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Successful results of textile materials finishing process in order to gain desired properties to the fabric according to customers’ demands mainly depend on properly-carried pre-treatment stages. The present study covers twill weave cotton/polyester fabric’s modification in alkaline medium at different temperatures and treatment durations through exhaustion (hot and cold treatment) and pad-steam process. An influence of the reduction agent addition was ascertained. Weight loss, water absorbency, vertical wicking, dye uptake, colour measurements, surface morphology and psysicomechanical characteristics were determined. Samples and recommendations of optimal alkaline treatment technologies are developed.
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Zainuri, Mochamad, and Dina Andryani. "Characterization of BaM and PaNi-Based Radar Absorbency (RAM) Behavior with Multilayer Geometry Structure for X-Band Absorption." Materials Science Forum 966 (August 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.54.
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Behavioral characterization of radar absorbent material consisting of Polyaniline (PaNi) and Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) has been successfully synthesized by solid state method. Polyaniline conductive material was synthesized using the polymerization method with DBSA dopant. A Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Four Point Probe (FPP), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The ion Zn 2+ is dopping into the BAM structure, where Zn 2+ ions replace Fe2+ ions in Hexaferrite barium so that the phase becomes soft magnetic materials . RAM and PANi particles are combined with ship paint to form radar wave absorbent coatings. The layer is coated with multilayer geometry on AH 36 type A steel, with thicknesses of 2.4 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.8 mm and 6 mm respectively. The X-band wave absorption was identified by VNA testing, where the maximum reflection loss value was found at 6mm thickness with a reflection loss value - 32.6 dB at 8.4 GHz frequency. Reflection loss values of multilayer variations with a thickness of 2.4 mm, 3.6mm and 4.8mm each have reflection loss values of -8.02 dB, -19.13 dB and -28.9 dB respectively in the x band frequency range.
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Jura, Jakub, and Małgorzata Ulewicz. "Wpływ bio-popiołów na wybrane właściwości zapraw cementowych." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.2.22.
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Paper presents the possibility of using fly ash from the combustion of two types biomass in fluidized bed boiler to modifications cement mortars composition. The influence of the use of ashes on their mechanical and physical properties (compressive strength, frost resistance, water absorption) of cement mortars. In research part of standarized sand was replaced by fly ash from the combustion of wood with coconut husks and wood with sunflower in the amount of 10, 20 and 30% by weight of cement. The addition of ash, depending on the composition, increase the compressive strength about 17%, decrease a reduction compressive strength after frost resistance tests to 0,5% and slightly increases weight loss and absorbency.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loss absorbency"
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Ferris, Conrad Peter Wesley. "Studies on the effects of ensiling grass with absorbent materials on nutrient loss during ensilage and on feed utilisation by dairy cows." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334527.
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Segura, Alcaraz María del Pilar. "Empleo de textiles en aplicaciones de absorción sonora." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/159786.
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[ES] Esta memoria de tesis presenta una contribución al estudio de los materiales textiles en el campo de la absorción sonora. En concreto, se ha trabajado con la asociación de una capa absorbente fibrosa constituida por una estructura laminar no tejida cuya composición es poliéster y una capa resistiva a base de tejido de calada también compuesta de poliéster. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en evaluar las variaciones que provocan los cambios en distintos parámetros de construcción de la capa resistiva, sobre el comportamiento del conjunto ante el sonido. Para abordar el problema se emplean distintos tejidos de calada, tales como telas simples, múltiples, acolchadas y rizo, con diferentes parámetros de construcción. Se mide el coeficiente de absorción de sonido al aplicarlas a diferentes espesores de estructura no tejida de poliéster, empleando el tubo de ondas estacionarias. Tras analizar los resultados obtenidos, se observan diferencias en los coeficientes de absorción de sonido alcanzados, las cuales se explican atendiendo al espesor del no tejido, pero también se observa la influencia de las características constructivas de los tejidos empleados. Finalmente, se emplea el diseño de experimentos para obtener la combinación óptima de parámetros que proporciona el mayor coeficiente de absorción de sonido para un tipo de tejido dado en todas las frecuencias estudiadas. Se concluye que, la modificación en la absorción de sonido de una estructura no tejida al aplicar una capa resistiva de tejido de calada, es lo suficientemente significativa como para ser tenida en cuenta a la hora de diseñar productos textiles para acondicionamiento acústico y que el diseño de experimentos constituye una herramienta de gran utilidad a este fin.[CAT] Aquesta memòria de tesi presenta una contribució a l'estudi dels materials tèxtils en el camp de l'absorció sonora. En concret, s'hi ha treballat amb l'associació d'una capa absorbent fibrosa constituïda per un no teixit de polièster i una capa resistiva a base de teixit de calada de composició polièster. L'objectiu d'aquest treball consisteix a avaluar les variacions que provoquen els canvis en diferents paràmetres de construcció de la capa resistiva, sobre el comportament del conjunt davant el so. Per a abordar el problema s'empren diferents teixits de calada, com ara teles simples, múltiples, encoixinats i ris, amb diferents paràmetres de construcció. Es mesura el coeficient d'absorció en aplicarles a diferents grossàries de no teixit de polièster, emprant el tub d'ones estacionàries. S'observen diferències en els coeficients d'absorció de so obtinguts, les quals s'expliquen atenent la grossària del no teixit, però també a les característiques constructives dels teixits emprats. Finalment, s'empra el disseny d'experiments per a obtenir la combinació òptima de paràmetres que proporciona el major coeficient d'absorció de so per a un tipus de teixit donat en totes les freqüències estudiades. Es conclou que la modificació en l'absorció de so d'un no teixit en aplicar una capa resistiva de teixit de calada és prou significativa per a ser tinguda en compte a l'hora de dissenyar productes tèxtils per a condicionament acústic i que el disseny d'experiments constitueix una eina de gran utilitat a aquest efecte.
[EN] This thesis report presents a contribution to the study of textile materials in the field of sound absorption. Specifically, we have worked with the association of a fibrous absorbent layer consisting of a polyester nonwoven and a resistive layer based on openwork fabric. The objective of this work is to evaluate the variations that cause the changes in different construction parameters of the resistive layer, on the behaviour of the whole before the sound. To address the problem, different openwork fabrics are used, such as single, multiple, quilted and curl fabrics, with different construction parameters. The absorption coefficient is measured when applied to different thicknesses of polyester nonwoven, using the standing wave tube. Differences are observed in the sound absorption coefficients obtained, which are explained according to the thickness of the nonwoven, but also to the constructive characteristics of the fabrics used. Finally, the design of experiments is used to obtain the optimal combination of parameters that provides the highest sound absorption coefficient for a given type of tissue at all frequencies studied. It is concluded that the modification in the sound absorption of a nonwoven when applying a resistive layer of openwork fabric is significant enough to be taken into account when designing textual products for acoustic conditioning and that the design of experiments constitutes a very useful tool for this purpose.
Al departamento de Ingeniería Textil y Papelera y a la unidad docente de Alcoy del departamento de Mecánica de los Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, por facilitarme los medios necesarios para realizar todas las actividades que han sido necesarias. A Jaime Ramis Soriano, por recibirme en el laboratorio de Grupo de Acústica Aplicada del IUFACyT de la Universidad de Alicante.
Segura Alcaraz, MDP. (2020). Empleo de textiles en aplicaciones de absorción sonora [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/159786
TESIS
Books on the topic "Loss absorbency"
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Staff, International Monetary Fund. Australia: Addressing Systemic Risk Through Higher Loss Absorbency--Technical Note. International Monetary Fund, 2012.
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Fund, International Monetary. Australia: Addressing Systemic Risk Through Higher Loss Absorbency--Technical Note. International Monetary Fund, 2012.
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Staff, International Monetary Fund. Australia: Addressing Systemic Risk Through Higher Loss Absorbency--Technical Note. International Monetary Fund, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Loss absorbency"
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Ba, Shusong. "Global Systemically Important Banks: Emphasis on Higher Loss Absorbency." In The New Cycle and New Finance in China, 335–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8209-4_43.
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Reame, Nancy King. "Toxic Shock Syndrome and Tampons: The Birth of a Movement and a Research ‘Vagenda’." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 687–703. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_51.
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Abstract Reame reflects on her role as an early researcher on tampon safety and assesses the climate of vigilance today, demonstrating that 30 years after the discovery of the link between tampons and toxic shock syndrome, efforts to improve tampon safety protections have languished. In drawing on her past research, Reame shows how critical it is to innovate research methods and materials and to ensure that federal standards for tampon absorbency ranges and nomenclature, as well as testing procedures for tampon safety, don’t lose ground. Reame draws attention to the fact that tampon producers continue to introduce various product innovations with little government oversight for testing standards or ingredient disclosure. She concludes by offering suggestions for crucial ways in which activists in the ‘second menstrual moment’ can partner with the federal research enterprise to improve the research ‘vagenda’ in menstrual health.
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Sadeghian, Siavosh. "Nutrición de cafetales." In Guía más agronomia, más productividad, más calidad, 101–15. 3rd ed. Cenicafé, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38141/10791/0014_7.
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La productividad de los cafetales depende en gran medida de una adecuada nutrición. Cuando las raíces de las plantas encuentran condiciones óptimas para su crecimiento en el suelo y absorben en cantidades suficientes los elementos que necesitan para realizar sus funciones, se alimentan adecuadamente y producen de manera sostenible cosechas abundantes y de buena calidad.
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Bailey, Jon S., and Mary R. Burch. "Desafíos éticos cotidianos para los ciudadanos de a pie y los analistas de conducta." In Ética para Analistas de Conducta, edited by Javier Virues-Ortega, translated by Javier Virues-Ortega, 33–40. 4th ed. ABA España, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26741/978-84-09-43992-8_03.
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Mientras viajan por el camino lleno de baches hacia la edad adulta, los niños absorben las normas de sus familias, comunidades, religiones y culturas. En un tiempo sorprendentemente corto, los padres, los parientes, los profesores y el ocasional entrenador o jefe de exploradores preparan el camino para tener una conducta ética en el futuro. Puede que estos adultos desprevenidos no se den cuenta de que cada día desempeñan un papel clave en la aclaración de las normas no escritas, dando sabios consejos, sirviendo de modelos de conducta y aportando las consecuencias que determinarán la futura conducta de los adultos...
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Salomón Preciado, Ana María, Miguel Aleman-Arce, Francisco Javier de Moure Flores, Jorge Ricardo Aguilar Hernández, Osvaldo Vigil Galán, and Gerardo Silverio Contreras Puente. "Crecimiento de películas delgadas en atmósfera de oxígeno mediante la técnica de sublimación-CSVT." In Avances de investigación en Nanociencias, Micro y Nanotecnologías. Volumen II, 63–76. OmniaScience, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/oms.404.4.
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Las celdas solares de CdTe/CdS en película delgada depositadas sobre substratos flexibles y en la configuración sustrato no han tenido buena respuesta fotovoltaica, dando menores eficiencias que sus homologas desarrolladas en configuración superestrato. Son dos los procesos relacionados con el deterioro de las propiedades de la película absorbente CdTe, estos son: 1) el tratamiento con cloruro de cadmio que se deposita sobre el CdTe antes del CdS no permite que se mejore la unión entre estos semiconductores; 2) el contenido de cobre que se deposita en el contacto trasero de la celda o durante el depósito de CdTe degradando las propiedades de la película. Sin embargo, en el año 2013 se logró desarrollar una celda solar CdTe/CdS sobre sustrato de molibdeno flexible, incorporando de manera controlada capas atómicas de cobre entre el CdTe y el CdS, alcanzando una eficiencia de 11.5 %. Estos resultados dejan claro que aún hay mucho por investigar en cuanto a los materiales disponibles para celdas solares y la importancia que tiene el conocer sus propiedades para entender y dirigir la investigación hacia desarrollo de dispositivos fotovoltaicos eficientes, de bajo costo y que brinden beneficio a largo plazo. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de estudios de las películas delgadas de CdTe depositadas mediante la técnica de sublimación por transporte de vapor en espacio cercano (CSVT, por sus siglas en inglés), sobre sustratos de molibdeno flexible. En estos depósitos se variaron espesores para evaluar la interacción del oxígeno usado durante el depósito en las propiedades estructurales, ópticas, eléctricas, químicas y morfológicas del CdTe. Los resultados mostraron que el oxígeno forma óxidos de teluro y teluratos de cadmio en la superficie de la película de CdTe. Además, se encontró evidencia de defectos comunes del CdTe tales como maclas y fallas de apilamiento.
Conference papers on the topic "Loss absorbency"
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Hong, K. L., and S. T. Raveendra. "Computation of Sound Transmission Loss and Absorption Coefficient of Multi-Layer Systems." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/nca-23516.
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Abstract Sound transmission and absorption of multi-layer sound absorbents are discussed in this manuscript. A new matrix formulation based on four pole parameters is utilized to derive the transmission loss and absorption coefficient of the absorbents. A transfer matrix relating pressure to acoustic velocity provides the required information to calculate the transmission loss and absorption coefficient. The multi-layer sound absorbents considered are structural panels, elastic porous linings and air-gaps. No limitations are imposed on the number of layers. Some realistic configurations of a multi-layer sound absorbent are studied to demonstrate the applicability of the four-pole parameter technique.
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Lee, Man Su, D. Yogi Goswami, Nikhil Kothurkar, and Elias K. Stefanakos. "Immobilization of Calcium Oxide Absorbent on a Fibrous Alumina Mat for High Temperature Carbon Dioixde Capture." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54187.
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Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission from its sources must be reduced to decrease the threat of global warming. Calcium oxide is considered as an effective carbon dioxide absorbent in biomass or coal gasification process as well as conventional power plants. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate which can be decomposed into the original oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature by calcination. In order to make this method practical for the carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, the performance of the calcium oxide absorbent must be maintained over a large number of carbonation/calcination cycles. For this reason, loss in the surface area of the absorbent due to pore plugging and sintering of particles in cyclic operation must be avoided. To prevent or minimize this problem, a simple and effective procedure for immobilization of calcium oxide on a fibrous alumina mat was developed in this study. The prepared samples were observed by SEM and the cyclic performance of the calcium oxide absorbent was evaluated by TGA experiments and compared to the previous studies in literature. 75% and 62% maximum carbonation conversions of the prepared absorbents with 23 wt % and 55 wt % calcium oxide content were achieved respectively and remained stable even after ten cycles whereas conversion in the literature data dropped steeply with the number of cycles.
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Lai, Xiaolin, Jianhua Guo, Yaxian Zhou, Xueqing Jiang, Xudong Li, and Zhonghua Wang. "A New Water-absorbent Resin for Lost Circulation Control." In International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131605-ms.
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Pechvijitra, Pimpisa, Manisa Sangwattanachai, Nopparat Atibodhi, Supha-Kitti Dhadachaipathomphong, Janejira Srichaitumrong, Jirat Juengsiripitak, Ratipat Techasuwanna, Supaluck Watanapanich, and Kantkanit Watanakun. "Success Story of Novel Digital Transformation Tool for Offshore Surface Facilities Bottlenecking Analysis." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210727-ms.
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Abstract With technology disruption and the increasing trend in big data, it is crucial for offshore gas production fields to transform process performance monitoring practice from manually monitoring on monthly basis by site process engineers to real-time monitoring with a predictive model. Hence, Surface Facilities Bottlenecking Analysis (SBA) initiative has been raised to provide production uplift through continuous identifying factors that constrain production, and to gain insights through predictive capability of automatic process performance monitoring on key production facilities. In SBA, the advanced process modelling programs, including process design and simulation and advanced process monitoring are used to predict the capacity and the performance outcome of surface production facilities. An online dashboard with key features to visualize the live production rate, the current overall hydrocarbon field potential, and the future production profile against the surface facilities capacity is developed. With this function, the bottleneck in any period of time can be instantly identified and the notification is distributed to related parties to be aware of and arrange plan / activity if de-bottlenecking is required. Furthermore, the online dashboard provides the real-time performance monitoring of key surface production facilities, such as mercury removal absorbent unit, heat exchanger, gas/condensate/produced water filter, and de-oiling/de-sander hydrocyclone. With this, more precise maintenance intervention time prediction as per actual equipment performance based is achieved. By utilizing the novel digital transformation tool for SBA, the presence of the tailored monitoring system leads to the enhancement of facility equipment reliability through examining live data with operating window and alignment with asset performance management through predictive performance capability. Main surface facilities, selected to be monitored under SBA scope, are as follows: Mercury removal absorbent unit (MRU): the prediction of the absorbent bed change-out time, based on the predicted bed saturation condition, is achieved. Dehydration unit (Memguard): the dew point is monitored to evaluate the unit performance. Heat exchanger and waste heat recovery unit (WHRU): the software is able to predict the chemical/mechanical cleaning time, based on the actual tube fouling condition and the maximum acceptable flow rate that the equipment can handle to achieve the required outlet temperature or heat duty. Gas/condensate/produced water filter: the predictive trend for the filter change-out time, based on the pressure drop trend and the maximum flow through the filter at the maximum differential pressure, is provided. De-oiling/de-sander hydrocyclone: the predictive model for the internal cleaning and the replacement of the liners, based on the deviation of the actual versus design performance curve, is displayed on the online dashboard. Apart from monitoring and prediction, this application further provides the prescriptive recommendations for event investigation. Therefore, SBA demonstrates the automated analysis of real-time process data on theoretical models and the suggestion when the anomaly event is detected. The business drivers of SBA are to maximize the utilization of equipment and reduce the chance of production loss due to downtime of asset from process anomaly events. This initiative not only maximizes equipment efficiency through the live data managing tool to instantly investigate bottlenecks that limit production, but also shortens time spending for analysis of key surface facilities performance via the algorithm based advisory tool to automatically monitor the process performance and predict the maintenance intervention period in advance. Lastly, it is capable of enabling people to improve decision making through the online dashboard.
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Contreras Vallejo, María Claudia, Laura Camila Castellanos Parrado, and Juan Pablo Zuluaga Huertas. "DISEÑO DE UNA PLANTA DE ENERGÍA SOLAR PARA ABASTECER LA UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS SEDE VILLAVICENCIO." In Mujeres en ingeniería: empoderamiento, liderazgo y compromiso. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/ponencia.1716.
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Actualmente la energía renovable mejora notablemente la calidad de vida de las personas ya que con ella luchamos en contra del cambio climático que amenaza al planeta con los desequilibrios en sus ecosistemas. De allí, parte el interés de hacer un cambio en la Universidad Santo Tomás de Villavicencio, proponiendo actividades que contribuyan con la eficiencia energética, mediante generar electricidad para abastecer los sistemas de luminarias de la Universidad y así, contribuir en un ambiente universitario más eco-amigable; y en tema monetario, se estará ahorrando dinero en el gasto de energía, que se podría implementar en el apoyo y la gestión de los proyectos investigativos de la Universidad. La fuente renovable que se desea implementar en la Universidad es la Energía solar fotovoltaica, dicha energía produce electricidad de forma renovable a través de la radiación solar; los beneficios que aporta la energía fotovoltaica abarcan la disminución del costo del servicio de energía pues hay más de 100 luminarias de tipo led y fluorescentes en las aulas de clase como en los pasillos de los bloques de la Universidad Santo Tomás sede Villavicencio, presentando variación en su tamaño. Lo cual, genera mensualmente un gasto de alto impacto en el consumo energético es por ello, que a través de este proyecto se quiere aportar al beneficio ambiental y económico de la Institución, incentivando el uso de la energía renovable no solo a los estudiantes sino también a la región. Es importante destacar que la inversión en la instalación fotovoltaica es alta. Pero, el aprovechamiento posterior es enorme, dada la larga vida útil del sistema y los bajos costos de mantenimiento puesto que no requiere de combustibles fósiles. (Grupo Villar Mir 2018) Los paneles son también considerados como módulos solares fotovoltaicos, que consisten en una serie de celdas de este tipo, conectadas entre sí mediante el efecto fotovoltaico, los cuales transforman la energía solar en electricidad. El sistema que se desea implementar es el monocristalino, ya que sus celdas son hechas con base en silicio monocristalino, los cuales generan gran eficiencia por el hecho de que el elemento presenta gran pureza en sus celdas, además de que generan una mayor producción ya que absorben gran radiación y sus celdas son más compactas a diferencia de otros. Adicionalmente, el tamaño de los paneles solares también varía dependiendo de la potencia que se desea adquirir con el panel, sus medidas varían entre 0,5m2 y 1,3m², estos estánformados por una capa superior que es de vidrio templado que sirve para recibir impactos y que no tiene un grosor muy significativo para evitar disminuir la eficiencia de las celdas solares, seguido por un film plástico conocido como EVA o Etil-Vinilo-Acetato, el cual está encargado de proteger las células solares y las conexiones realizadas, después viene una capa de materiales tipo EVA las cuales buscan proteger el panel de la humedad, generalmente de color blanco para favorecer el rendimiento de la instalación.
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Sarvendran, Vajran, Heli Patel, and Glenn Harvel. "Conceptual Design for CHP System for Class III Power." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67575.
Full textAbstract:
Nuclear power plants (NPPs) typically have four classes of electrical supply systems to provide redundant and resilient power to ensure safe operation, cooling, and shutdown of NPPs. Class III emergency power traditionally uses standby diesel generators to fulfill equipment electrical demands. This requires a reliable source of diesel energy and reliance on one particular kind of fuel source for backup power. During the North American blackout of 2003, hospitals had to run on backup generators that were mostly diesel fired. A prolonged blackout could have negatively affected hospital infrastructure and patient health. With current diesel generators, capable of supporting critical systems for up to 72 hours (for most NPPs), a prolonged loss of power or transient could similarly also have adverse effects on NPPs. A Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system is a power generation system that generates electricity, in addition to concurrently having heating and cooling capabilities. Often, gas or steam turbines are used to generate electricity. CHP heating and cooling capabilities can be met via absorption coolers and heat pumps. Low-grade exhaust heat from turbines could be used for the absorption processes. Absorption coolers/heaters produce cold/warm fluid using a heat source via the vapor compression cycle, taking advantage of high affinity fluids. The absorbent allows for the refrigerant to boil at lower operating conditions, which allows for heat transfer. CHPs’ that are capable of accepting natural gas as a form of fuel will increase resiliency of NPP power supply. This ensures a reduced risk of running out of fuel during prolonged transients due to continual supply via pipelines already in place. The objective of this work is to generate a conceptual design of a multi-fuel source CHP system that is capable of at least accepting natural gas as an alternative to Class III diesel generators for a NPP. The system will be capable of supplying Class III power to Small Modular Reactor (SMRs), as well as commercial NPPs, such as CANDU, PWR, and BWR types. Current state of the art Class III backup power systems, CHP systems, CHP thermodynamic cycles, multiple compatible fuels, as well as absorber heaters and coolers have been investigated. Ranking systems were used to determine the top three designs. The parameters included turbine type, efficiency, flow rates, operating temperature/pressure, fuel type, fuel to energy ratio, fuel availability, absorber chiller/heater fluid efficiency, operating temperature and thermal conductivity. Based on the ranking system parameters, a thermodynamic model including mass, energy and entropy balance of an 8 MWe CHP with heating and cooling capability between the ranges of 15°C to 27°C was conceptually designed.