Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lora communication

Academic literature on the topic 'Lora communication'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lora communication"

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Razak, Siti Fatimah Abdul, Sumendra Yogarayan, Muhammad Idil Abdul Rahman, Noor Hisham Kamis, Ibrahim Yusof, Mohd Fikri Azli Abdullah, and Afizan Azman. "TRANSMITTING SPEED AND DISTANCE DATA OVER LONG-RANGE COMMUNICATION FOR CONNECTED VEHICLES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.1.

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Long-range (LoRa) technology is vastly developing in a significant country that evolves around the Internet of Things (IoT) interest. Such IoT accomplishments include the development of smart cities, long-range monitoring systems, and M2M industries. LoRa technology is making its mark in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, but it is yet to be fully explored. This study focused on developing and establishing communication between two LoRa powered devices and evaluating their performances upon deploying a prototype in an actual environment. The prototype is designed with bidirectional communication between two LoRa nodes that could exchange data for user references. Moreover, in the context of having V2V communication, speed and distance are involved in determining the exchange of data. The performance is evaluated in terms of data transmission consistency and reliability. The experimental results revealed that LoRa is applicable for V2V communication within a specific condition; however, there is a need for a more extensive experiment to be carried for a major rolled out of deployment.
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Pratiknyo, Gesit, M. Sigit Purwanto, Erpan Sahiri, and Muladiyono Muladiyono. "DESIGN OF THE DATA TRANSMISSION BETWEEN THE EXERSICE SMART MINE WITH GROUND STATION USING LORA." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i1.217.

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Wireless data communication system through communication radio is one of the important points of informationdelivery process in TNI AL, It relates to the process of delivering information on the field that is difficult to obtaincommunication network via internet. The use of portable and strong communications against jammedinterference and other adjacent frequency interference becomes a fundamental necessity. The use of the UHFfrequency communication system is one of the efficient communication, With the high frequency of positivelyresulting in the physical size of the antenna is increasingly smaller. The purpose of designing datacommunication system devices between exercise smart mine and the ground station using Lora. In planning thiscommunication system uses the Lora SX1278 module as a data transmitter (Tx) and receiver data device (Rx).On the transmitter side (Tx) Lora uses the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as the core or brain system. Onthe side of the receiver (Rx) Lora uses Arduino Uno R3 as the process data unit received by the Lora receiver.The main function of Arduino Uno as an intermediary to be able to transfer data to a PC or laptop device as aground station monitoring through USB communication channels. From the design, testing, and discussion ofresearch results during the preparation and manufacture of this final task obtained the results as expected. Thatthe design of data communication systems using Lora can be obtained a maximum range of 200 meters withthe condition of building obstructed. The ability of the Lora SX1278 module to receive data and transmit datafrom the GPS, pressure sensors and acoustic sensors is well received by the ground station, based on the datatransmitted via the Lora SX1278 module transmitter.Keywords: Lora SX1278, Arduino Mega 2560, Arduino Uno R3
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Ayoub Kamal, Muhammad, Muhammad Mansoor Alam, Aznida Abu Bakar Sajak, and Mazliham Mohd Su’ud. "Requirements, Deployments, and Challenges of LoRa Technology: A Survey." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (January 9, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5183062.

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LoRa is an ISM-band based LPWAN communication protocol. Despite their wide network penetration of approximately 20 kilometers or higher using lower than 14 decibels transmitting power, it has been extensively documented and used in academia and industry. Although LoRa connectivity defines a public platform and enables users to create independent low-power wireless connections while relying on external architecture, it has gained considerable interest from scholars and the market. The two fundamental components of this platform are LoRaWAN and LoRa PHY. The consumer LoRaWAN component of the technology describes the network model, connectivity procedures, ability to operate the frequency range, and the types of interlinked gadgets. In contrast, the LoRa PHY component is patentable and provides information on the modulation strategy which is being utilized and its attributes. There are now several LoRa platforms available. To create usable LoRa systems, there are presently several technical difficulties to be overcome, such as connection management, allocation of resources, consistent communications, and security. This study presents a thorough overview of LoRa networking, covering the technological difficulties in setting up LoRa infrastructures and current solutions. Several outstanding challenges of LoRa communication are presented depending on our thorough research of the available solutions. The research report aims to stimulate additional research toward enhancing the LoRa Network capacity and allowing more realistic installations.
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Triwidyastuti, Yosefine, Musayyanah Musayyanah, Fifin Ernawati, and Charisma Dimas Affandi. "Multi-hop Communication between LoRa End Devices." Scientific Journal of Informatics 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v7i1.21855.

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Gateway elimination in a LoRa network could highly reduce the network installation cost. However, LoRa end devices could not overcome many obstacles with only a point-to-point communication. Thus, this research implemented a multi-hop communication in a LoRa network. One or more LoRa end devices are placed between the source node and the destination node to act as relay nodes. A simple routing based on the packet length is configured to determine the packet transmission path. As the results, the designed multi-hop communication could improve packet success rate until 2,47 times in indoor environment. Whereas, the optimum delay time for multi-hop communication is 100 ms for each hop to produce high PRR and lowest RTT.
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Liang, Ruobing, Liang Zhao, and Peng Wang. "Performance Evaluations of LoRa Wireless Communication in Building Environments." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 3828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143828.

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The Internet of things presents tremendous opportunities for the energy management and occupant comfort improvement in smart buildings by making data of environmental and equipment parameters more readily and continuously available. Long-range (LoRa) technology provides a comprehensive wireless solution for data acquisition and communication in smart buildings through its superior performance, such as the long-range transmission, low power consumption and strong penetration. Starting with two vital indicators (network transmission delay and packet loss rate), this study explored the coverage and transmission performances of LoRa in buildings in detail. We deployed three LoRa receiver nodes on the same floor and eight LoRa receiver nodes on different floors in a 16-story building, respectively, where data acquisition terminal was located in the center of the whole building. The communication performance of LoRa was evaluated by changing the send power, communication rate, payload length and position of the wireless module. In the current research, the metrics of LoRa were quantified to facilitate its practical application in smart buildings. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first academic research evaluating RTT performance of LoRa via practical experiments.
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Janssen, Thomas, Noori BniLam, Michiel Aernouts, Rafael Berkvens, and Maarten Weyn. "LoRa 2.4 GHz Communication Link and Range." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164366.

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Recently, Semtech has released a Long Range (LoRa) chipset which operates at the globally available 2.4 GHz frequency band, on top of the existing sub-GHz, km-range offer, enabling hardware manufacturers to design region-independent chipsets. The SX1280 LoRa module promises an ultra-long communication range while withstanding heavy interference in this widely used band. In this paper, we first provide a mathematical description of the physical layer of LoRa in the 2.4 GHz band. Secondly, we investigate the maximum communication range of this technology in three different scenarios. Free space, indoor and urban path loss models are used to simulate the propagation of the 2.4 GHz LoRa modulated signal at different spreading factors and bandwidths. Additionally, we investigate the corresponding data rates. The results show a maximum range of 133 km in free space, 74 m in an indoor office-like environment and 443 m in an outdoor urban context. While a maximum data rate of 253.91 kbit/s can be achieved, the data rate at the longest possible range in every scenario equals 0.595 kbit/s. Due to the configurable bandwidth and lower data rates, LoRa outperforms other technologies in the 2.4 GHz band in terms of communication range. In addition, both communication and localization applications deployed in private LoRa networks can benefit from the increased bandwidth and localization accuracy of this system when compared to public sub-GHz networks.
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Cecílio, José, Pedro M. Ferreira, and António Casimiro. "Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 4034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144034.

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Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication reliability over water, as it may happen in real flooding scenarios. One aspect that is known to influence the communication quality is the height at which nodes are placed. However, its impact in water environments is unknown. This is an important aspect that may influence the location of sensor nodes and the network topology. To fill this gap, we conducted several experiments using a real LoRa deployment to evaluate several features related to data communication. We considered two deployment scenarios corresponding to countryside and estuary environments. The nodes were placed at low heights, communicating, respectively, over the ground and over the water. Measurements for packet loss, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and round-trip time (RTT) were collected during a period of several weeks. Results for both scenarios are presented and compared in this paper. One important conclusion is that the communication distance and reliability are significantly affected by tides when the communication is done over the water and nodes are placed at low heights. Based on the RTT measurements and on the characteristics of the hardware, we also derive a battery lifetime estimation model that may be helpful for the definition of an adequate maintenance plan.
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Nga, Le Cong, Cuong Quoc Pham, and Tran Ngoc Thinh. "Energy-Efficiency Approach for Long Range Wireless Communication." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, no. 3 (October 17, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3i3.532.

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According to recent researches, the wireless sensor networks (WSN) which consume low levels of energy become more and more popular nowadays, so the research trend of optimizing energy for WSNs is rapidly increasing. LoRa technology is a modulation technique that provides long-range transfer of information and low power consumes. Besides, LoRaWAN is a network protocol that optimized for battery-powered end devices. The LoRa and LoRaWAN can be considered a suitable candidate for WSNs, which can reduce power consumption and extend the communication range. In this paper, we studied adaptive mechanisms in the transmission parameters of the LoRa network and proposed an energy-optimized solution for the adaptive algorithm. This research not only introduced the reference hardware of a sensor node in WSNs but also conducted experiments on typical LoRa network infrastructure
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Kwon, Ki-Won, and Hae-Yeoun Lee. "Smart IoT Platform Development on LoRa Communication Network." Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology 20, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14801/jkiit.2022.20.7.131.

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Sak, Kwai Yang, and Ahmad Najmuddin Ibrahim. "Field Study of Low-Energy Long-Distance Wireless Communication for IoT Application in Remote Areas." MEKATRONIKA 2, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v2i1.6731.

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Long Range (LoRa) is a wireless radio frequency technology under the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). LoRa is able to communicate long range and low energy consumption. The communication range has become an essential element in the wireless radio frequency technology in the Internet of Things (IoT). The presence of LoRa is able IoT application performs in long communication distances with high noise sensitivity ability. People can operate, monitor, and do a variety of tasks from a remote distance. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the performance of the LoRa connection between radio transceivers in remote locations. The different environment and structural elements affect the LoRa performance. This thesis will be supported by the experiment that LoRa communication in different environments and tests. This experiment tests in line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS). Two sets of LoRa parameters, including Spreading Factor (SF), Bandwidth, and coding rate, are tested in different environments. The experiment tests the LoRa performance in various aspects: received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet received ratio (PPR) at different coverage ranges. In addition, the LoRa performance is evaluated in university, residential areas and vegetation areas under similar temperature, weather, and time. The LoRa coverage distance in the vegetation area and university area is reached 900 meters in the LOS test. Still, the vegetation area's signal is more stable and able to receive weaker RSSI signals. The LoRa coverage distance in the NLOS test is shorter compared to the LOS test. NLOS test has only one-third of the LOS LoRa communication distance. It is due to the signal penetration on structural elements such as buildings and woods cause the signal power loss and only transmitting a shorter distance. The LoRa parameter with SF9, 31.25kHz bandwidth and 4/8 coding rate has a better coverage range and stable connection.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lora communication"

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Öst, Albert. "Evaluating LoRa and WiFi Jamming." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33907.

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Internet of Things changes our world with everything we have around us, our everyday things will be connected to the Internet. According to experts, in two years there will be up to 29 billion devices connected to the Internet. With all of the information that is produced it is important to keep the communication secure, otherwise there can be serious problems in the future. Therefore the objective with this study has been to investigate the area of jamming attacks on wireless communication for Internet of Things, more specifically on LoRa and WiFi technologies. This was made by a literature study to research about Internet of Things, the industrial side of it, the two communication technologies and wireless jamming of them. Additionally to this a small scale test bed system consisting of two LoRa nodes (an Arduino and a LoRa gateway), two WiFi nodes (a laptop and router) and a software defined radio frequency jammer (a HackRF One) were set up. Jamming was performed on the system and evaluated form the perspective of a typical industrial Internet of Things scenario. The testing on the system was done by measuring the received signal strength index, round trip time for a message and packet losses. The study showed that the WiFi communication broke down completely while the LoRa communication stood strong up to the jammer. This concluded that LoRa communication is secure for a typical Internet of Things scenario, from this particular jamming device, or a similar one.
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Johansson, Kevin, and Christoffer Eklund. "A comparison of energy usage between LoRa 433Mhz and LoRa 868MHz." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54161.

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The number of devices connected to the internet is constantly increasing and therefore putting more weight on the importance of low energy usage. LoRa which is the physical part of the LoRaWAN communication protocol that this paper focuses on is popular in the area of IoT because of its low energy usage. The purpose of this paper was to find out how the energy usage differentiate between two of the most commonly used LoRa frequencies 433MHz and 868MHz. LoRa is often used with battery driven components within IoT such as temperature or humidity sensors. It is of great importance to keep the maintenance cost for these devices to a minimum. And it is therefore important to find the most energy efficient solutions for communication between LoRa components. To get an answer from the purpose of this paper, two questions were formulated, and they were in turn answered by using an experimental research method. For the experiment, two devices were set up using: one transmitter combined with a current sensor and one receiver, both of which were capable of using either LoRa 433MHz or 868MHz. The experiment was then conducted by transmitting 1000 packages for every DR and both of the frequencies. The results were analysed in an empirical quantitative way which showed that the higher frequency of 868MHz consumed more energy in all of the experiments. One discovery that was quite interesting was that the difference could be mitigated by using different data rates. The result in this paper is intended to increase the knowledge regarding LoRa and its energy usage. This papers result can be used as a reference when choosing between what frequency and data rate to use when working with LoRa.
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Kihlberg, David, and Amir Ebrahimi. "Wireless Gas Sensor Nodes : With focus on Long Range (LoRa) communication." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168669.

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Greenhouse gas emissions in indoor or outdoor areas are dangerous and can have short- or long-term effects on people’s health. There are several methods to monitor the air quality in such environments. This thesis project attempts to design and evaluate a wireless sensor network with two main characteristics such as long range and low power consumption. The sensor network is built upon Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol and is composed of sensor nodes and gateways. The sensor nodes are built upon a Raspberry Pi model 3B, a LoRa SX1276 transceiver and gas sensors. The sensors are intended to measure CO2, CH4, temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The collected data is then logged and sent to The Things Network (TTN) via a backhaul connection.
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Zec, Kenan, and Sofia Hansson. "Home Care Logistics: A Monitoring System with a Communication Unit for the Elderly." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261778.

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Humans are growing older which presents challenges for the health care system. One solution for allowing individuals to continue living in their home, despite age related dif- ficulties, is a sensor based surveillance system. These systems can monitor a number of parameters, for example motion or temperature. If certain limits are exceeded the sys- tem can notify family members or health care services. The aim of this project was to build a prototype of such a system which also had to be cheap and easy to install and maintain. The final prototype consists of a motion detection sensor in the bathroom, a temperature sensor around the kitchen stove and a temperature sensor for measurement of ambient room temperature. Each sensor is connected to its own Arduino and they are all programmed with different limits. The sensors communicate wirelessly with a central hub through the communication protocol LoRa. Once the central hub, which consists of a Raspberry Pi, receives a LoRa signal it sends an email to a chosen address.
Människor blir allt äldre vilket är en utmaning för sjukvården. En lösning som tillåter individer att fortsätta bo i sina hem, trots åldersrelaterade svårigheter, är ett sensorba- serat övervakningssystem. Sådana system kan övervaka ett flertal parametrar, exemåelvis rörelse eller temperatur. Om vissa gränser överskrids kan systemet underrätta anhöriga eller hemtjänsten. Syftet med det här projektet var att bygga en prototyp av ett sådant system, som även skulle vara billig och enkel att installera och underhålla. Den slutgiltiga prototypen består av en rörelsedetektor i badrummet, en temperatursensor vid köksspisen och en sensor som mäter den omgivande temperaturen i ett rum. Varje sensor är kopp- lad till en egen Arduino och de är alla programmerade med olika gränsvärden. Sensorerna kommunicerar trådlöst med en centralenhet genom kommunikationsprotokollet LoRa. När centralenheten, som består av en Raspberry Pi, tar upp en LoRa-signal skickar den ett email till en vald adress.
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Paulsson, Felix, and Issa Bitar. "An evaluation of coverage models for LoRa." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Avdelningen för datateknik och informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54152.

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LoRaWAN is a wireless network technology based on the LoRa modulation technology. When planning such a network, it is important to estimate the network’s coverage, which can be done by calculating path loss. To do this, one can utilize empirical models of radio wave propagation. Previous research has investigated the accuracy of such empirical models for LoRa inside cities. However, as the accuracy of these models is heavily dependent on the exact characteristics of the environment, it is of interest to validate these results. In addition, the effect of base station elevation on the models’ accuracy has yet to be researched. Following the problems stated above, the purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy of empirical models of radio wave propagation for LoRa in an urban environment. More specifically, we investigate the accuracy of the models and the effect of base station elevation on the models’ accuracy. The latter is the main contribution of this study. To perform these investigations, a quantitative experiment was conducted in the city of Jönköping, Sweden. In the experiment a base station was positioned at elevations of 30, 23, and 15m. The path loss was measured from 20 locations around the base station for each level of elevation. The measured path loss was then compared to predictions from three popular empirical models: the Okumura-Hata model, the COST 231-Walfisch-Ikegami model, and the 3GPP UMa NLOS model. Our analysis showed a clear underestimation of the path loss for all models. We conclude that for an environment and setup similar to ours, models underestimate the path loss by approximately 20dB. They can be improved by adding a constant correction value, resulting in a mean absolute error of at least 3,7-5,6dB. We also conclude that the effect of base station elevation varies greatly between different models. The 3GPP model underestimated the path loss equally for all elevations and could therefore easily be improved by a constant correction value. This resulted in a mean absolute error of approximately 4dB for all elevations.
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Kara, Dilen, and Zaid Jalil. "IoT-nätverk baserade på LoRaWAN : Informationskvalitet i LoRaWAN." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41399.

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The Internet was initially built around networks based on physical cables, the next step to improve the accessibility of the Internet came with the introduction of wireless communication. the next step to improving accessibility to the Internet came with the introduction of wireless communication. Because the IoT products are wirelessly connected, they need an internal power source in the form of a battery. Many of the existing communication protocols are therefore not suitable for IoT solutions because they are power consuming. Alternatives to these communication protocols have therefore been developed, for example LTE-M, NB-IoT and LoRaWAN. The study was conducted in cooperation with Etteplan. Etteplan want to invest in LoRaWAN and thus want to gain deeper knowledge within LoRaWAN. Thus, it was chosen to investigate how different factors affect the signal strength transmission time in a LoRaWAN. The focus of the study has thus been on the communication between an IoT node and a receiver in a LoRaWAN, thus the purpose of the study: To show how different data rates, distances and environments affect the quality of information sent from an IoT node to a receiver in LoRaWAN. Design science research was used as a research method, in design science research an artefact is constructed and then studied. In this study, a LoRaWAN was constructed and the communication between an IoT node and receiver in this LoRaWAN was studied. To study the communication between the IoT node and the receiver, two experiments were performed. The experiments were performed simultaneously where the difference was in the data collected, one experiment collected the signal strength and the second the transmission time. The experiment was conducted in two different environments, one with a clear view and one with blockages. In the experiment, the IoT node was positioned at different distances with different data rates. The result of the study shows how different data rates, distances and environments affected the quality of information between an IoT node and receiver and how they relate to previous research. Data rate was the factor that affected the quality of the information most. Data rate had minimal impact on signal strength, but great impact on number of lost data packet and transmission times. The two different environments had no effect on the transmission time, but the signal strength was over 10 dbm lower in the urban environment than with clear view. The distance had no effect on transmission time and minimal impact on signal strength.
Internet var i begynnelsen uppbyggt kring nätverk baserade på fysiska kablar, nästa steg för att förbättra tillgängligheten till Internet kom med introduktionen av trådlös kommunikation. Ett nytt begrepp dök upp vid millennieskiftet, Internet of Things (IoT). Tanken bakom IoT är att olika typer av produkter, som exempelvis tandborstar och kylskåp trådlöst kopplas upp mot Internet. Eftersom IoT-produkterna är trådlöst uppkopplade behöver de en intern strömkälla i form av ett batteri. Många av de existerande kommunikationsprotokollen lämpar sig därför inte för IoT-lösningar eftersom dessa är strömkrävande. Alternativ till dessa kommunikationsprotokoll har därför tagits fram, till exempel LTE-M, NB-IoT och LoRaWAN. Studien utfördes i samarbete med Etteplan. Etteplan vill satsa på LoRaWAN och vill därmed få en djupare kunskap inom LoRaWAN. Därmed valdes det att undersöka hur olika faktorer påverkar signalstyrkan och sändningstiden i ett LoRaWAN. Studiens fokus har därmed varit på kommunikationen mellan en IoT-nod och en mottagare i ett LoRaWAN, därmed är studiens syfte: Att visa på hur olika datahastigheter, avstånd och miljöer påverkar kvaliteten på informationen som sänds från en IoT-nod till en mottagare i ett LoRaWAN. Design science research användes som forskningsmetod då i design science research konstrueras en artefakt som att sedan undersöks. I studiens fall konstruerades ett LoRaWAN där sedan kommunikationen mellan en IoT-nod och mottagare i detta LoRaWAN studerades. För att studera kommunikationen mellan en IoT-nod och en mottagare utfördes två experiment. Experimenten utfördes samtidigt där skillnaden låg i datat som samlades in, det ena experimentet samlade in signalstyrkan och den andra sändningstiden. Experimentet utfördes i två olika miljöer, en med fri sikt och en med blockeringar. I experimentet positionerades IoT-noden på olika avstånd med olika datahastigheter. Resultatet från studien visar hur olika datahastigheter, avstånd och miljöer påverkade kvaliteten på informationen mellan en IoT-nod och mottagare och hur de relateras till tidigare forskning. Datahastigheten var den faktorn som påverkade kvaliteten på informationen mest. Datahastigheten hade minimal påverkan på signalstyrkan, men stor påverkan på antal förlorade datapaket och sändningstider. De två olika miljöerna hade ingen påverkan på sändningstiden, men signalstyrkan var över 10 dbm lägre i stadsmiljön än med fri sikt. Avståndet hade ingen påverkan på sändningstiden och minimal påverkan på signalstyrkan.
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Truong, Tuyen Phong. "Simulation and compiler support for communication and mobility for environment sensing." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0048/document.

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Les transmissions radio à longue portée et basse énergie ouvrent de nouveaux champs d'application pour les capteurs, en particulier pour la surveillance de l'environnement. Le protocole radio LoRa permet, par exemple, de connecter des capteurs à une distance pouvant aller jusqu'à dix kilomètres en ligne de visée. Cependant, la grande surface couverte amène plusieurs difficultés, telles que le placement spatial en regard de la topologie géographique, ou la variabilité de la latence des communications. Le positionnement dans I'environnement comporte également des contraintes liées à I'intérêt des points de mesure du phénomène physique. Les critères de conception de ces réseaux tranchent donc avec les méthodes existantes (disques) quand on s'attaque aux terrains complexes. Cette thèse décrit des techniques de simulation basées sur I'analyse géographique cellulaire pour calculer les couvertures radio à longue portée et déduire les caractéristiques radios dans ces situations. Comme la propagation radio n'est qu'un cas particulier de phénomènes physiques, on montre qu'une approche unifiée cellulaire permet de caractériser beaucoup de comportements physiques potentiels. Le cas des fortes pluies et des inondations est étudié. L'analyse de la géographie est réalisée en utilisant des outils de segmentation pour produire des systèmes cellulaires qui sont à leur tour traduits en code pour des calculs de haute performance. La thèse fournit des résultats d'expériences de terrain complexes pratiques en utilisant LoRa, permettant de qualifier l'exactitude de la simulation des couvertures, et les caractéristiques d'ordonnancement des communications. Nous produisons des tables de performance pour les simulations sur les unités de traitement graphique (GPUs) qui montrent que le choix d'une algorithmique parallèle est pertinent sur ces problèmes
Long-range radio transmissions open new sensor application fields, in particular for environment monitoring. For example, the LoRa radio protocol enables to connect remote sensors at distance as long as ten kilometers in a line-of-sight. However, the large area covered also brings several difficulties, such as the placement of sensing devices in regard to topology in geography, or the variability of communication latency. Sensing the environment also carries constraints related to the inlerest of sensing points in relation with a physical phenomenon. Thus criteria for designs are evolving a lot from the existing methods, especially in complex terrains. This thesis describes simulation techniques based on geography analysis to compute long-range radio coverages and radio characteristics in these situations. As radio propagation is just a particular case of physical phenomena, it is shown how a unified approach also allows to characterize the behavior of potential physical risks. The case of heavy rainfall and flooding is investigated. Geography analysis is achieved using segmentation tools to produce cellular systems which are in turn translated into code for high-þerformance computations. The thesis provides results from practical complex terrain experiments using LoRa which confirm the accuracy of the simulation, and scheduling characteristics for sample networks. Performance tables are produced for these simulations on current Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)
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Oliv, Rasmus. "GPS-Tracking Device with Long Range and Bluetooth Low Energy Communication." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157458.

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The thesis is about the construction of a GPS-tracker that can read NFC (Near Field Communication)-tags and communicate with LoRa (Long Range) and BLE (Bluetooth low energy) and investigate which of the components in the GPS-tracker that consumes most power. The usage area for the GPS-tracker is to make the work on disaster affected sites more efficient and secure by having an operation leader that can organizing the operation with help of the information provided by the GPS-trackers that are placed on the injured people and recuing personnel. The GPS-tracker is built around the sensor development kit Thingy:52 from Nordic Semiconductor. The Firmware (FW) for the Thingy:52 is developed by modifying the provided factory FW by Nordic Semiconductor. The GPS-module and the NFC-reader showed to be the most power consuming parts of the GPS-tracker. An energy optimization proposal for these parts are given in the report. A proposal to a circuit diagram for the GPS-tracker is also given in the report, that can be used for future miniaturization of the GPS-tracker.
Projektet har innefattat att ta fram en GPS-spårsändare som kan läsa NFC (Near Field Communication)-taggar, kommunicera med LoRa (Long Range) och BLE (Bluetooth low energy) samt undersöka vilka av GPS-spårsändarens olika delar som konsumerar mest energi. Användningsområdet för GPS-spårsändaren är att effektivisera räddningsinsatser på skadeplatser där det finns skadade människor exempelvis efter en översvämning eller terroristattack. Effektiviseringen är tänkt ska ske genom att en operationsledare styr räddningsinsatsen med hjälp av informationen som skickas från GPS-spårsändarna som kommer att bäras av skadade personer och räddningspersonalen på skadeplatsen. GPS-spårsändaren är utvecklad kring sensorutvecklings kittet Thingy:52 från Nordic Semiconductor och dess mjukvara har utvecklats genom att modifiera den mjukvara som Nordic Semiconductor har utvecklat för Thingy:52. De delar av GPS-spårsändaren som visade sig konsumera mest energi var GPS-modulen och NFC-läsaren. I rapporten finns energioptimerings förslag för dessa delar. Rapporten innehåller även ett förslag till ett kretsschema för GPS-spårsändaren som kan användas vid framtida miniatyrisering av GPS-spårsändaren.
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Gitijah, Parham. "Utveckling av mätmetod och prestandaanalys av LoRa." Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252818.

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Internet of Things(IoT) tillämpningar har ökat under de senaste åren och därför behövs nya kommunikationstekniker som uppfyller kriterierna låg strömförbrukning, lång räckvidd samt låg kostnad, som behövs för att distribuera tekniken i samhället. LoRa (Long Range) är en framstående trådlös kommunikationsteknik som utvecklades av LoRa Alliance för att uppfylla dessa kriterier.  Syftet med arbetet är att utveckla en mätmetod för prestandaanalys av radiosystemet LoRa. Mätmetoden används sedan för att analysera hur olika parametrar som datahastighet, avstånd och olika miljöer påverkar LoRa-nätverksprestandaparametrar dvs. signalstyrka, paketförluster, fördröjningar (latency) och fördröjningsvariationer (jitter).  För att uppnå syftet utvecklades först en mätningsmetod. Därefter genomfördes experiment i två olika miljöer (stadsmiljö och havsmiljö) för prestandaanalys av LoRa. I varje experiment positionerades en IoT-nod på olika avstånd och datapaket skickades med olika datahastigheter från IoT-noden till en gateway. Datahastigheten ändrades genom att ändra på spridningsfaktor (SF) och bandbredd. Passiv mätningsmetod användes för att samla in mätningsdata. Metoden som användes för att analysera resultaten var statistisk dataanalysmetod då de data som samlades in var kvantitativa.  Resultatet visar att signalstyrkan påverkas av miljö, avstånd och bandbredd. Signalstyrkan är starkare i fri sikt jämfört med stadsmiljö. Signalstyrkan är starkare även vid kortare avstånd och större bandbredd. Däremot har datahastigheten (SF) minimal påverkan på signalstyrkan. Att signalstyrkan påverkas av bandbredden är intressant resultat som inte kunde förutses innan. Paketförlusten påverkas av miljö, datahastighet (SF och bandbredd) och avstånd. Fler datapaket förloras vid längre avstånd och i stadsmiljön. Lägre datahastighet leder till att färre datapaket förloras och på så sätt längre kommunikationsräckvidd uppnås. Enligt tidigare arbetens simuleringar förutsågs att högre datahastighet leder till längre kommunikationsräckvidd men i den här studien genomfördes experiment på riktig hårdvara för att undersöka resultaten. Miljö, avstånd och datahastighet påverkar fördröjningen. Fördröjningen är några millisekunder längre i stadsmiljö än havsmiljö vid samma avstånd. Fördröjningen är även några millisekunder längre vid längre avstånd i samma miljö. Däremot har datahastighet största påverkan på fördröjningen. Fördröjningen ändras med några hundra millisekunder när datahastigheten ändras genom SF och/eller bandbredd.  Fördröjningsvariationen påverkas inte av miljö och avstånd. Datahastighet (bandbredd och SF) påverkar fördröjningsvariationen men denna påverkan är låg och man kan bortse från den.
The Internet of Things (IoT) use cases have increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, new wireless communication technologies are needed that meet the criteria such as low power consumption, long range and low cost. LoRa, which stands for "Long Range", is a wireless communication technology developed by the LoRa Alliance to meet these criteria.  The purpose of this paper is to a develop measurement method for performance analysis of the LoRa radio system. The measurement method used to analyze how different parameters such as data rate, distance and different environments affect LoRa network performance parameters i.e. signal strength, packet loss, latency and jitter. To achieve the purpose, a measurement method and prototype were first developed. Then experiments were carried out in two different environments (urban and open space). In each experiment, an IoT node was positioned at different distances and data packets were sent from the IoT node to a gateway with different data rates. The data rate was changed by changing the spreading factor (SF) and bandwidth. Passive measurement method was used to collect measurement data. The method used to analyze the results was the statistical data analysis method since the data collected was quantitative. The result shows that the signal strength is affected by the environment, distance and bandwidth. The signal strength is stronger in free view compared to urban environment. The signal strength is stronger even at shorter distances and greater bandwidth. However, the data rate (SF) has minimal impact on signal strength. The fact that the signal strength is affected by the bandwidth is interesting results that could not be predicted before. The packet loss is affected by the environment, data rate and distance. More data packets go lost at longer distances and in the urban environment. Lower data rate cause to fewer data packets go lost and a longer communication range being achieved. According to earlier work's simulations, it was possible to predict that higher data rates lead to longer communication range, but in this study experiments were carried out on real hardware to investigate the results. Environment, distance and data rate affect the delay. The delay is a few milliseconds longer in urban environment than the free space environment at the same distance. The delay is also a few milliseconds longer at longer distances in the same environment. However, data rate has the greatest impact on the delay. The delay changes by a few hundred milliseconds when the data rate is changed by SF and/or bandwidth. The jitter is not affected by the environment and distance. Data rate (bandwidth and SF) affects the delay variation but this influence is low and can be ignored.
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Maturana, Araneda Nicolás Andrés. "Implementation and evaluation of static context header compression for IPv6 packets within a LoRaWAN network." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170134.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico
El paradigma de comunicación Internet of Things (IoT), el cual plantea la posibilidad de interconectar objetos cotidianos y toda clase de dispositivos convencionales a Internet, está actualmente en pleno desarrollo. El gran número de nodos que se espera conectar a Internet exige a su vez la implementación a gran escala de Internet Protocol versión 6 (IPv6). IoT busca el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones y ha impulsado la creación de nuevas arquitecturas de red y nuevas clases de dispositivos. Las redes Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) han surgido recientemente como una evolución natural del concepto Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), redes de sensores in- terconectadas. A la luz del IoT, las nuevas redes LPWAN abren un nuevo campo de desarrollo, principalmente enfocado en servicios de monitoreo y afines que se desarrollen en áreas am- plias y no requieran grandes tasas de transferencia. Los dispositivos LPWAN se caracterizan por ser de bajo consumo energético y de bajo costo, facilitando su despliegue masivo por largos períodos sin necesidad de recargar sus baterías. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) es una de las primeras y principales tec- nologías LPWAN, y presenta una gran flexibilidad que la hace ideal para redes de diseño propio. En América funciona en la banda industrial, científica y médica (ISM) alrededor de los 915 MHz. Sin embargo, también existen muchas otras tecnologías LPWAN con arquitec- turas y protocolos propietarios, lo que dificulta alcanzar la interoperabilidad que se desea en el entorno IoT. El grupo de trabajo para la implementación de IPv6 sobre redes LPWAN (lpwan WG) perteneciente al Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) se encuentra actualmente desarrol- lando un mecanismo de compresión y fragmentación de paquetes IPv6 para redes LPWAN denominado Static Context Header Compression (SCHC). El esquema de compresión se en- cuentra terminado, pero aún no ha sido implementado ni evaluado de manera oficial. En este trabajo se presenta una plataforma experimental para la implementación y eval- uación del mecanismo SCHC sobre una red LoRaWAN consistente en un nodo terminal Mi- crochip y un Radio Gateway (RG) de Everynet. En su desarrollo se han integrado múltiples y diversas herramientas del campo de las Telecomunicaciones y las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (ICT). La plataforma creada logra una implementación básica pero exitosa del esquema de com- presión de SCHC. Por medio de ella se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación preliminar del funcionamiento de SCHC, analizando el nivel de compresión logrado por el mecanismo para tres contextos de comunicación característicos de una red LPWAN. Los resultados obtenidos son positivos.
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Books on the topic "Lora communication"

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Neuhauser, Peg. Corporate legends and lore: The power of storytelling as a management tool. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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What should I do, Lord? San Bernardino, CA: Here's Life Publishers, 1992.

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1532-1623, Tulasīdāsa, ed. Rama, the lord of decorum. New Delhi: Ocean Books, 2000.

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Domínguez, Ramiro. El valle y la loma: Comunicación en comunidades rurales ; y, Culturas de la selva. Asunción: Editorial El Lector, 1995.

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ill, Blackall Sophie, ed. Lord and Lady Bunny -- almost royalty! New York: Schwartz & Wade books, 2014.

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Keefauver, Larry. Lord, I wish my teenager would talk with me. Lake Mary, Fla: Creation House, 1999.

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Siṃha, Ajaya Kumāra. Mīḍiyā, itihāsa, aura hāśiye ke loga. Pañcakūlā: Ādhāra Prakāśana, 2007.

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Horvath, Polly. Lord and Lady Bunny-- almost royalty! New York]: Listening Library, 2014.

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France) IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (2010 Nancy. WFCS 2010: 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems : proceedings : May 18st-21rd, 2010, Loria, Nancy, France. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010.

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COMSIG (1989 Stellenbosch, South Africa). COMSIG 1989: Southern African Conference on communications and signal processing : proceedings 23 June 1989, Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset West. [New York?: IEEE, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lora communication"

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Cameron, Neil. "ESP-NOW and LoRa communication." In Electronics Projects with the ESP8266 and ESP32, 365–97. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6336-5_14.

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James, Alice, Avishkar Seth, and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. "LoRa Communication Based IoT System." In Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, 167–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85863-6_8.

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Kidwai, Farzil, Aakash Madaan, Sahil Bansal, and Aaditya Sahu. "Peer-to-Peer Communication Using LoRa Technology." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 647–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5113-0_52.

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Sharofidinov, Fatkhullokhodzha, Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna, Van Dai Pham, Abdukodir Khakimov, Ammar Muthanna, and Konstantin Samouylov. "Agriculture Management Based on LoRa Edge Computing System." In Distributed Computer and Communication Networks, 113–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66471-8_10.

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Tiwari, Mayank, Kumar Abhishek Ranjan, Amit Sehgal, Akash Kumar, and Saurabh Srivastava. "LoRa-Based Wireless Automation and Monitoring System." In Advances in Smart Communication and Imaging Systems, 233–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9938-5_23.

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Pinto-Erazo, Alejandra M., Luis E. Suárez-Zambrano, Mario M. Mediavilla-Valverde, and Ronni E. Andrade-Guevara. "Introductory Analysis of LoRa/LoRaWAN Technology in Ecuador." In Communication, Smart Technologies and Innovation for Society, 547–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4126-8_49.

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Sharma, Shridhar. "Getting Started with LPWAN: LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT." In Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking, 559–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2004-2_51.

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Kaur, Amritpal, and Jeff Kilby. "Development of a LoRa Network for Monitoring Particulate Matter." In Computer Networks and Inventive Communication Technologies, 309–19. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3035-5_24.

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Xu, Yanting, and Yongjie Yang. "Design of Intelligent Exhaust System Based on LORA Communication." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 862–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6264-4_101.

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Sato, Goshi, Yoshitaka Shibata, and Noriki Uchida. "Study on Balloon Network Using LoRa Mesh Communication System." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 545–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15035-8_52.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lora communication"

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Ya-jun, She, Zhang Shuai, Tang Xiao-qing, and Wang Xiao-chuan. "Microcontroller-Based LoRa Scatter Communication." In 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Engineering (REPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/repe48501.2019.9025111.

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Liu, Fengzhen, Junqiu Yang, Tianxin Feng, Xiaojing Chen, Wenqi Jia, and Chengwei Shan. "LoRa-based belt transporter communication system." In ICCIP 2019: 2019 the 5th International Conference on Communication and Information Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3369985.3370030.

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Fahmida, Sezana, Venkata Prashant Modekurthy, Dali Ismail, Aakriti Jain, and Abusayeed Saifullah. "Real-Time Communication over LoRa Networks." In 2022 IEEE/ACM Seventh International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iotdi54339.2022.00019.

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Rudes, Hrvoje, Ivana Nizetic Kosovic, Toni Perkovic, and Mario Cagalj. "Towards reliable IoT: Testing LoRa communication." In 2018 26th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/softcom.2018.8555783.

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Velvizhi, V. A., G. Senbagavalli, M. Anbarasan, Aishwarya R, Harini I, and Darsana Kumari M. "Communication Between Two Vehicles Using LoRa." In 2021 4th International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccct53315.2021.9711833.

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Lavric, Alexandru, Adrian I. Petrariu, and Valentin Popa. "LoRa Modulation: A 2.4GHz Communication Strategy." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Computation, Automation and Knowledge Management (ICCAKM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccakm54721.2022.9990110.

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Peresini, Ondrej, and Tibor Krajcovic. "More efficient IoT communication through LoRa network with LoRa@FIIT and STIOT protocols." In 2017 IEEE 11th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2017.8686837.

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Li, Hao, Xinyu Tong, Qianru Li, and Xiaohua Tian. "XORLoRa: LoRa Backscatter Communication with Commodity Devices." In 2020 IEEE 6th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccc51575.2020.9345017.

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Elijah, Olakunle, Tharek Abdul Rahman, Haziq I. Saharuddin, and Fatin N. Khairodin. "Factors that Impact LoRa IoT Communication Technology." In 2019 IEEE 14th Malaysia International Conference on Communication (MICC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/micc48337.2019.9037503.

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Nadew, Nebiyu Tesfaye, Merga Tibebu Muleta, Abhigyan Shaurya, Deepak Kumar Rout, and Deepa Das. "LoRa Signal Propagation Modeling for Medical Communication." In 2022 IEEE Students Conference on Engineering and Systems (SCES). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sces55490.2022.9887531.

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