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Journal articles on the topic 'Loose flies'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 May 2023

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1

Šochová, Eva, Filip Husník, Eva Nováková, Ali Halajian, and Václav Hypša. "Arsenophonus and Sodalis replacements shape evolution of symbiosis in louse flies." PeerJ 5 (December 11, 2017): e4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4099.

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Symbiotic interactions between insects and bacteria are ubiquitous and form a continuum from loose facultative symbiosis to greatly intimate and stable obligate symbiosis. In blood-sucking insects living exclusively on vertebrate blood, obligate endosymbionts are essential for hosts and hypothesized to supplement B-vitamins and cofactors missing from their blood diet. The role and distribution of facultative endosymbionts and their evolutionary significance as seeds of obligate symbioses are much less understood. Here, using phylogenetic approaches, we focus on the Hippoboscidae phylogeny as well as the stability and dynamics of obligate symbioses within this bloodsucking group. In particular, we demonstrate a new potentially obligate lineage of Sodalis co-evolving with the Olfersini subclade of Hippoboscidae. We also show several likely facultative Sodalis lineages closely related to Sodalis praecaptivus (HS strain) and suggest repeated acquisition of novel symbionts from the environment. Similar to Sodalis, Arsenophonus endosymbionts also form both obligate endosymbiotic lineages co-evolving with their hosts (Ornithomyini and Ornithoica groups) as well as possibly facultative infections incongruent with the Hippoboscidae phylogeny. Finally, we reveal substantial diversity of Wolbachia strains detected in Hippoboscidae samples falling into three supergroups: A, B, and the most common F. Altogether, our results prove the associations between Hippoboscoidea and their symbiotic bacteria to undergo surprisingly dynamic, yet selective, evolutionary processes strongly shaped by repeated endosymbiont replacements. Interestingly, obligate symbionts only originate from two endosymbiont genera, Arsenophonus and Sodalis, suggesting that the host is either highly selective about its future obligate symbionts or that these two lineages are the most competitive when establishing symbioses in louse flies.

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2

Knapp, F. W., and Freddie Herald. "Diflubenzuron Boluses, Guardian Eartags, and Rabon Mineral for Beef Cattle Fly Control, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.457a.

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Abstract Mixed beef breeds of cow/calves and heifers were separated into 4 groups and treated as follows: 34/31 (cow/calf) untreated (C); 29/29 treated with 10% diflubenzuron boluses at a rate of 2 boluses/cow and 0.5/calf (B); 40/40 tagged with 7.5% Guardian ear tags at rate of 2 tags/hd (ET); and 29/29 treated with both eartags and boluses (calves not bolused)(ET + B), and 33 heifers offered 0.463% Rabon loose mineral ad libitum (RM); Boluses were administered and ear tags attached 8 May. Total number of face flies on the face of each of 10 adult animals and horn flies on one side of the same animals were estimated weekly. Feces from the RM, B, and C groups were collected biweekly and bioassayed with house, face and horn fly larvae.

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3

Knee, Wayne, and Terry D. Galloway. "Myialges trinotoni (Acariformes: Epidermoptidae), a hyperparasitic mite infesting Trinoton querquedulae (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on waterfowl." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 4 (May 8, 2017): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.16.

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AbstractMites of the family Epidermoptidae (Acariformes) are permanent parasites dwelling on or in the skin of birds. Myialges Trouessart species are epidermoptids that have a hyperparasitic relationship with chewing lice (Phthiraptera) or louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). During 1993–2016 in Manitoba, Canada, 668 ducks (20 species), geese (five species), and swans (two species) were examined for lice. A total of 157 males, 191 females, and 539 nymphs of the menoponid louse Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) were collected, of which 25 adult lice from three hosts (Mergus merganser Linnaeus, Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus), Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus; Aves: Anatidae) were infested with 38 female Myialges trinotoni (Cooreman). Overall prevalence and intensity of M. trinotoni was low, and mites showed no statistically significant preference between male and female lice. Myialges trinotoni is recorded from Canada (Manitoba) and United States of America (Alaska) for the first time, and two novel avian host species records (Lophodytes cucullatus and Anas platyrhynchos) are reported. The male of M. trinotoni (loose in bird washing) is illustrated and described. The barcode region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified from M. trinoton and compared with that of Myialges caulotoon Speiser, the only congeneric species for which COI is available, and interspecific divergence was high (25%).

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4

Гапонов, Сергей Петрович, Руссом Теклай Теуэльде, and Ольга Григорьевна Солодовникова. "Fauna of louse-flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) of the south-east of the Central Black soil region of Russia." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, no. 3(59) (October 19, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio157.

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В результате проведенных в 1990-2019 годах исследований выявлено 13 видов мух-кровососок. Из них 9 видов паразитируют на птицах: Crataerina hirundinis (L., 1758), Crataerina pallidа (Olivier, 1812), Ornithomya avicularia (L., 1758), Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836, Ornithomya chloropus Bergroth, 1901, Ornithoica turdi (Olivier, 1811), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864), Pseudolynchia canariensis (Mcq., 1840), Icosta ardeae (Mcq., 1935) (подсемейство Ornithomyinae) и 4 вида - Hippobosca equina L., 1758, Hippobosca longipennis F., 1805 (подсемейство Hippoboscinae), Lipoptena cervi (L., 1758) и Melophagus ovinus (L., 1758) (подсемейство Lipopteninae) - на млекопитающих. Десять видов - C. hirundinis, C. pallidа, O. avicularia, O. fringillina, O. chloropus, P. canariensis, H. equina, H. longipennis, L. cervi и M. ovinus - осуществляют жизненный цикл на территории Воронежской области. Остальные виды, по-видимому, привносятся птицами с весенними перелетами и отмечаются ежегодно в апреле-мае на птицах; пупарии их обнаружены не были. Преобладающими видами кровососок птиц в регионе являются O. avicularia (42,29%), O. fringillina (29,57%) и C. hirundinis (12,56%). Среди кровососок, паразитирующих на млекопитающих, массовым видом является L. cervi. M. ovinus, C. hirundinis и C. pallidа - моноксенные виды, I. ardeae, P. canariensis, L. cervi, H. equina и H. longipennis - олигоксенные, остальные - поликсенные. Имаго наиболее широко распространенных видов - O. avicularia, O. fringillina, C. pallida, и C. hirundinis - имеют пик активности в мае-июле, приходящийся на прилет птиц, насиживание и выкармливание птенцов. Однако C. hirundinis при позднем отлете хозяев отмечается и в августе-сентябре. Массовый вид - L. cervi - обычен в сентябре-октябре During research in 1999-2020, 13 species of the louse-flies were identified in the south-east of the Central Black Soil Region of Russia. The flies were collected on 22 bird species and 7 mammal species. Nine species of loose flies - Crataerina hirundinis (L., 1758), Crataerina pallidа (Olivier, 1812), Ornithomya avicularia (L., 1758), Ornithomya fringillina Curtis, 1836, Ornithomya chloropus Bergroth, 1901, Ornithoica turdi (Olivier, 1811), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864), Pseudolynchia canariensis (Mcq., 1840), Icosta ardeae (Mcq., 1835) (подсемейство Ornithomyinae) - are parasites of birds while 4 species - Hippobosca equina L., 1758, Hippobosca longipennis F., 1805 (подсемейство Hippoboscinae), Lipoptena cervi (L., 1758) и Melophagus ovinus (L., 1758) (подсемейство Lipopteninae) - feed on blood of mammals. P. canariensis was found in the region for the first time. Ten species of Hippoboscidae - C. hirundinis, C. pallida, O. avicularia, O. fringillina, O. chloropus, P. canariensis, H. equina, H. longipennis, L. cervi, and M. ovinus - reproduce and carry out their life cycles in Voronezh Region. The rest species - Icosta ardeae, Ornithoica turdi, and Ornithophila metallica, are introduced into the region by migratory birds. The predominant species were O. avicularia (42,29%), O. fringillina (29,57%), C. hirundinis (12,56%). Among parasites of mammals, L. cervi is a mass and wide spread species in the region. M. ovinus, Crataerina hirundinis, and Crataerina pallidа - monoxenous, P. canariensis, Icosta ardeae, L. cervi, H. equina, and H. longipennis - olygoxenous, while the rest of the species were polyxenous parasites of birds. All louse-flies species were found on birds and their nestlings in April-May, however C. hirundinis was also common on the second nestlings in August-September. Mass species, L. cervi, is usual in September-October.

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5

Jiang, Jian Ping, Bao Xiang Zhang, Ji Bao Wang, Dong Yan Zhang, Lei Wang, Xiao Feng Cheng, and Cheng Ge Wu. "Design and Optimization of the Bridge Expansion Joints Cleaning Machine." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2094.

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Bridges are hinges of city road and railway, which play an important function in national economy. The changes of temperature affect the length of the highway bridge beams, so the bridge should be equipped with the expansion joint device. When vehicles pass the bridge, dust flies up and clogs the gap of the bridges. The bridge expansion joints should be cleaned in time. The main task of this project is to study a kind of device used to clean the bridge expansion joints, which including two parts: the cleaning system and vacuum dust removal system. First, we use the sweeping wheels to loose dust, then the air-blower to blow away the dust. The optimization of vacuum dust removal system was discussed in this paper. Especially, the Cyclone dust removal device works well. The machine is of higher productivity, wide application, low energy consumption, simple structure compared with similar equipments.

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6

Souza, Maria Lucimar O., Rafael J. Oliveira, Danival J. Souza, Richard I. Samuels, and Marcos A. L. Bragança. "Differential parasitism by four species of phorid flies when attacking three worker castes of the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata (Smith, 1858)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0250973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250973.

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Certain species of parasitic flies belonging to the Phoridae are known to attack Atta spp. workers foraging along trails, near nest openings used by the ants to supply the colony with plant material, and in the areas where the ants are actively cutting plant material. However, there have been no previous studies of phorid parasitism of non-foraging worker ants, for example excavators and soldiers. Excavators can be found on the surface around specialized nest openings, carrying and dumping soil on characteristic mounds. Soldiers can be found on the trails protecting foragers or guarding the different types of nest openings. The current study was performed to investigate the differential parasitism rates of Atta laevigata (Smith, 1858) worker castes by four species of phorids. Ants of all castes on trails and at nest entrances were collect from 18 mature colonies in the field. A total of 21,254 ants were collected from trails and 14,649 collected from the mounds of loose soil near nest openings. The captured workers were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate the rate of parasitism. Of the ants collected from trails, 1,112 (5.23%) were found to have been parasitized, of which 1,102 were foragers and only 10 were soldiers. Of the ants collected from the soil mounds near the nest openings, only 27 (0.18%) were found to have been parasitized, of those 25 were excavators and 2 were soldiers. When evaluating parasitism of ants on the trails, 46.2% were attacked by Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier, 1928, 22.6% by Myrmosicarius grandicornis Borgmeier, 1928, 16.6% by Eibesfeldtphora erthali (Brown, 2001) and 14.6% by Apocephalus vicosae Disney, 2000. Only two species of phorid, M. grandicornis and E. erthali, were observed parasitizing excavators, whilst only E. erthali parasitized soldiers. This is the first time that Atta spp. excavators and soldiers have been shown to be parasitized by phorids. The low rates of parasitism and specificity of certain phorid species for excavators and soldiers is discussed in relation to the behavioral interactions of hosts and their parasitoids, as well as the relationship between host and parasitoid size.

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7

Stoker, Andrew. "Flies lose their grip." Trends in Genetics 16, no. 6 (June 2000): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(00)02033-3.

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8

Hager, Y. "OLD FLIES LOSE SEX APPEAL." Journal of Experimental Biology 215, no. 5 (February 8, 2012): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.070714.

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9

Tella, José L., Ricardo Rodríguez-Estrella, and Guillermo Blanco. "Louse Flies on Birds of Baja California." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.1.154.

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10

Матюхин and A. Matyukhin. "The phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the population of the louse-fly Hippoboscidae." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23070.

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Objective of research: To study the role of phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the population of the louse-fly Hippoboscidae. Material and methods: In 1997–2015 more than 10000 birds were caught; from them about 2000 louse-flies Hippoboscidae were collected and studied. Results and discussion: 12 cases of phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the louse-fly Hippoboscidae were recorded: 7 cases of phoresy of Columbicola columbae on pigeon louse flies Pseudolynchia canariensis collected from pigeons (Columba livia); one case — phoresy of the louse Ricinus rubeculae on the louse fly Orniyhomyia fringillina from the robin (Erithacus rubecula); one case — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly O. avicularia from the rook (Corvus frugilegus); one — phoresy of the louse on louse fly O. avicularia from the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus); one — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly Ornithoica turdi from the nightingale (Luscinia luscinia); one case — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly O. chloropus from Luscinia svecica.

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11

Matyukhin, A. V., and A. V. Zabashta. "Louse flies (Hippoboscidae: Diptera) on diurnal (Falconiformes) and nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey from Palearctic." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-1-11-17.

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The purpose of the research: the study of the species composition of louse flies in diurnal (Falconiformes) and nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey from Palearctic. Materials and methods. The material was collected during ornithological research on stationary plots of lands of Moscow and Moscow Region, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan. In 1997-2016 we examined six species of diurnal (Falconiformes) and seven species of nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey, which are collected from 224 individuals of 4 species of louse flies. Results and discussion. 224 flies on diurnal (Falconiformes) and nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey from Palearctic were determined. Four species of louse flies were registered: Ornithomyia avicularia (61,11 %), O. fringillina (29,03 %), Pseudolynchia canariensis (1 %), O. chloropus (0,1 %). O. avicularia was recorded in 18 species of Palearctic raptors. O. fringillina was observed on 5 of 26 species Palearctic raptors. P. canariensis was registered on 7 of 26; O. chloropus on 12 of 26 species of birds of prey. The greatest species diversity of louse flies (7 species: Ornithoica unicolor, Ornithomya avicularia, O. chloropus, O. fringillina, Ornithoctona auslatras, Pseudolynchia canariensis, P. garzettae) were found on the Eurasian Sparrowhawk (obligate ornitofag), on Goshawk - 3 species of keds (Ornithoica unicolor, Ornithomya avicularia, O. chloropus).

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12

Levine, Joel D. "Chronically lonely flies overeat and lose sleep." Nature 597, no. 7875 (August 18, 2021): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02194-2.

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13

Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Pekka Pohjola, Jari Valkama, Marko Mutanen, and Jaakko L. O. Pohjoismäki. "Promiscuous specialists: Host specificity patterns among generalist louse flies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): e0247698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247698.

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Ectoparasites such as louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) have tendency for host specialization, which is driven by adaptation to host biology as well as competition avoidance between parasites of the same host. However, some louse fly species, especially in genera attacking birds, show wide range of suitable hosts. In the presented study, we have surveyed the current status of bird specific louse flies in Finland to provide comprehensive host association data to analyse the ecological requirements of the generalist species. A thorough sampling of 9342 birds, representing 134 species, recovered 576 specimens of louse flies, belonging to six species: Crataerina hirundinis, C. pallida, Ornithomya avicularia, O. chloropus, O. fringillina and Ornithophila metallica. Despite some overlapping hosts, the three Ornithomya species showed a notable pattern in their host preference, which was influenced not only by the host size but also by the habitat and host breeding strategy. We also provide DNA barcodes for ten Finnish species of Hippoboscidae, which can be used as a resource for species identification as well as metabarcoding studies in the future.

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14

Duron, Olivier, Ulrich E. Schneppat, Arnaud Berthomieu, Steven M. Goodman, Boris Droz, Christophe Paupy, Judicaël Obame Nkoghe, Nil Rahola, and Pablo Tortosa. "Origin, acquisition and diversification of heritable bacterial endosymbionts in louse flies and bat flies." Molecular Ecology 23, no. 8 (March 24, 2014): 2105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12704.

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15

Suh, Sang Jae, Heung Chul Kim, Chang Yong Choi, Hyun Young Nam, Hee Young Chae, Sung Tae Chong, and Terry A. Klein. "Louse Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Ornithomyinae) of the Republic of Korea: An Updated Checklist, Including Two New Records of Bird Louse Flies." Journal of Medical Entomology 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/me11173.

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16

Defaye, Baptiste, Sara Moutailler, Benjamin Vollot, Clémence Galon, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Rayane Amaral Moraes, Antoine-Simon Leoncini, et al. "Detection of Pathogens and Ticks on Sedentary and Migratory Birds in Two Corsican Wetlands (France, Mediterranean Area)." Microorganisms 11, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040869.

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Birds are one of the most species-diverse vertebrate groups and are susceptible to numerous hematophagous ectoparasites. Migratory birds likely contribute to the circulation of these ectoparasites and their associated pathogens. One of the many migration paths crosses the Mediterranean islands including Corsica and its wetlands, which are migration stopovers. In our study, we collected blood samples and hematophagous ectoparasites in migratory and sedentary bird populations in two coastal lagoons: Biguglia and Gradugine. A total of 1377 birds were captured from which 762 blood samples, 37 louse flies, and 44 ticks were collected. All the louse flies were identified as Ornithomya biloba and all the ticks were from the Ixodes genus: Ixodes sp. (8.5%), I. accuminatus/ventalloi (2.9%), I. arboricola/lividus (14.3%), I. frontalis (5.7%) and I. ricinus (68.6%). Five pathogens were detected: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Erhlichia chaffeensis, and Rickettsia helvetica in ticks, and Trypanosoma sp. in louse flies. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and the West Nile virus were both detected in bird blood samples in Corsica. This is the first report of these tick, louse fly and pathogen species isolated on the bird population in Corsica. Our finding highlights the importance of bird populations in the presence of arthropod-borne pathogens in Corsican wetlands.

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17

Miller, R. W., L. G. Pickens, and J. E. Matos. "Evaluation of Atroban Ear Tags for Control of Cattle Fly Pests in the Azores, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.461.

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Abstract On 17 Aug the no. of horn, louse and Musca vitripennis flies were counted on each of 25 young (1-6 mo) dairy heifers tethered in a pasture so that they could not come in contact with one another. Immediately after the flies had been counted 10% Atroban ear tags were attached to each ear of every other animal (13 total). At ca. weekly intervals counts of these flies were made on the treated and non-treated heifers.

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18

Graciolli, Gustavo, Carlos André Zucco, Paulo Henrique Duarte Cançado, and Guilherme Mourão. "Parasitism rates of Lipoptena guimaraesi and a new record of Lipoptena mazamae on Ozotoceros bezoarticus from the Central Pantanal wetlands in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000200017.

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From May to October of 2006 we collected 143 louse flies of the genus Lipoptena on the body surface of 16 pampas deer Ozotocerus bezoarticus captured in four farms from the central area of the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands. We also examined 172 cattle individuals and none of them had louse flies. Most of the parasites identified were Lipoptena guimaraesi but one specimen of L. mazamae was also found, representing a new host record for this ked fly. The prevalence of L. guimaraesi was 93.8%, the mean intensity of infestation was 9.5, and the index of discrepancy was 0.444.

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Santolíková, Anežka, Jana Brzoňová, Ivan Čepička, and Milena Svobodová. "Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030584.

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Louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals. They have a cosmopolitan distribution with more than 200 described species. The aim of this study was to reveal host–vector–parasite associations between louse flies, birds, and trypanosomes. A total of 567 louse fly specimens belonging to 7 species were collected from birds at several localities in Czechia, including the rare species Ornithophila metallica and Ornithoica turdi. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithomya fringillina on bird hosts according to their migratory status, O. fringillina being found more frequently on long-distance migrants. Trypanosomes were found in four species, namely, Ornithomya avicularia, O. fringillina, O. biloba, and Ornithoica turdi; the later three species are identified in this paper as natural trypanosome vectors for the first time. The prevalence of trypanosomes ranged between 5 and 19%, the highest being in O. biloba and the lowest being in O. fringillina. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that a vast majority of trypanosomes from hippoboscids belong to the avian T. corvi/culicavium group B. Four new lineages were revealed in group B, with louse flies being probable vectors for some of these trypanosome lineages. We also confirmed the transcontinental distribution of several trypanosome lineages. Our results show that hippoboscids of several genera are probable vectors of avian trypanosomes.

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20

Gaponov, S. P., and R. T. Tewelde. "Louse Flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) in Bird Nests in Voronezh Province." Entomological Review 100, no. 6 (September 2020): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873820060044.

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Матюхин, Александр Владимирович, Александр Владимирович Артемьев, Илья Николаевич Панов, Alexander Matyukhin, Alexander Artemiev, and Ilya Panov. "PARASITOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BIRDS: LOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA: HIPPOBOSCIDAE) IN KARELIA." Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 7 (June 2, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/bg586.

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22

Bakhtushkina, A. I. "Survivability of Imaginal Forms of Deer Louse Flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae)." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-3-23-26.

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The purpose of the research is to study the lifespan of Lipoptena cervi imaginal forms under exposure of different temperature conditions and humidity. Materials and methods. L. cervi caught in natural habitats and taken off from marals’ skin served as the material for the research. Overall, 38 samplings have been conducted, 18 thousand L. cervi have been sampled. Caught imagoes were put into mattresses after suffocation with ether-chloroform mixture; the most viable insects were used in experiments. Research for L. cervi lifespan except host of volatiles (not fed) and taken off from marals were conducted under exposure of different temperature conditions and humidity as well as in different types of cages, in wool on skins that were taken off. L. cervi were kept in small quantities in free cages made of capron mesh. Results and discussion. The winged forms under mid-mountain zone conditions of the Republic of Altai can be seen from June up to October; wingless forms (on the feeders’ body) can be seen from June of the current year up to June of the following year and including. Chrysalides are present in nature throughout the year, as L. cervi can’t hatch out from chrysalides of the previous year generation fast enough in June and July before the chrysalides of the new generation begin to appear. The weight of the hatched out L. cervi is 7.9-11.5 mg, they die if the weight is decreased up to 3.0-3.9 mg. It would appear that, the energy and water reserve is 4.9-7.6 mg per one insect. Young not fed L. cervi live rather longer than sexually mature insects. The L. cervi lifespan reliably increases without food as the humidity increases. The longest lifespan is when the humidity is about 60-80% and temperature is about 14-16°С. In laboratory conditions, at the air temperature of about 20-25°C, the humidity of about 60-80%, and moderate airing the chrysalis development lasts for 90 days on the average.

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Knight, Kathryn. "Colossal triple-bladed claw latches swift louse flies to feathers." Journal of Experimental Biology 221, no. 13 (July 1, 2018): jeb183897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.183897.

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Luna, Nicolas, Andrea I. Varela, Guillermo Luna-Jorquera, and Katherina Brokordt. "Effect of predation risk and ectoparasitic louse flies on physiological stress condition of the red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) from Rapa Nui and Salas & Gómez islands." PeerJ 8 (July 8, 2020): e9088. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9088.

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Background Introduced predators at seabird colonies and parasites may have lethal and/or sub-lethal consequences for bird populations. We assessed the potential sub-lethal negative effects of these stressors in a native seabird listed as vulnerable in its south-eastern pacific distribution. This study was conducted in two red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) colonies, one located in Rapa Nui Island, which is threatened by the presence of introduced predators, and the other located in Salas & Gómez Island, which has no introduced predators, but birds are infested by ectoparasitic louse flies. Methods The effects on physiological stress traits of both, predation risk on different nest types (protected and exposed) on Rapa Nui, and different levels of louse flies’ parasitic loads on Salas & Gómez were studied. Three variables were analyzed: the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, the transcriptional levels of mRNA HSP70 in blood, and the body condition. These stress indicators and leukocyte counts were compared between colonies. Results No significant differences were found in any stress indicator between different nest types within Rapa Nui, showing that the effect of predator’s presence was the same for adults nesting in both, protected and exposed nests. No significant correlation was found between louse flies’ parasitic loads and any stress indicators in the birds of Salas & Gómez. Also, there was no difference in any stress indicator between islands. However, a significant opposite trend between islands was found in the eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts when related to body condition. Conclusions We found a lack of significant differentiation in all the stress level indicators assessed within and between islands. The presence of louse flies in Salas & Gómez vs. the absence of this parasite at Rapa Nui may be the cause for the significant difference in the trend of eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts between the islands. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the reason for this difference and to better investigate the lethal effects of introduced predators on the Rapa Nui colony to evaluate appropriate conservation measures for this native seabird.

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Oboňa, Jozef, Oldřich Sychra, Stanislav Greš, Petr Heřman, Peter Manko, Jindřich Roháček, Anna Šestáková, Jan Šlapák, and Martin Hromada. "A revised annotated checklist of louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) from Slovakia." ZooKeys 862 (July 9, 2019): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.25992.

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The list of all known locality and host records from the literature on louse flies from Slovakia are summarized, with the addition of new collection data. New locality data are provided for five species. Three species are added to the Slovakian list: Icostaminor (Bigot in Thomson, 1858), which was erroneously cited for Moravia instead of Slovakia in the previous checklist, and Ornithophilametallica (Schiner, 1864) and Ornithomyachloropus (Bergroth, 1901), which were overlooked from the last checklist. As a result, the louse fly fauna of Slovakia increases to 19 species: 12 autochtonous species and seven rare, non-native species only occasionally imported to Slovakia or migrating to the country with their hosts. This is by far the largest regional fauna of Hippoboscidae in Central Europe, and matches the richest southern European faunas. In total, 78 host-parasite associations concerning 46 bird-host species from eight orders and nine species of mammals, including humans, have been found from a literature review in Slovakia. Two host-parasite associations are reported from Slovakia for the first time: Ornithomyaavicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) on Prunellamodularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Prunellidae) and Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965 on Homosapiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Hominidae).

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Bartos, Maciej, Radosław Włodarczyk, Tomasz Iciek, Anna Piasecka, Tomasz Janiszewski, and Piotr Minias. "Louse Flies of Charadrii and Scolopaci Shorebirds Migrating through Central Europe." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 56, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2019-01-018.

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Nartshuk, E. P., A. V. Matyukhin, A. P. Shapoval, M. Yu Markovets, and O. O. Tolstenkov. "Louse Flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) on the Courish Spit (Kaliningrad Province, Russia)." Entomological Review 100, no. 2 (April 2020): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873820020128.

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McCabe, Rebecca A., Joseph P. Receveur, Jennifer L. Houtz, Kayli L. Thomas, M. Eric Benbow, Jennifer L. Pechal, and John R. Wallace. "Characterizing the microbiome of ectoparasitic louse flies feeding on migratory raptors." PLOS ONE 15, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): e0234050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234050.

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Nováková, Eva, Filip Husník, Eva Šochová, and Václav Hypša. "Arsenophonus and Sodalis Symbionts in Louse Flies: an Analogy to the Wigglesworthia and Sodalis System in Tsetse Flies." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 18 (July 6, 2015): 6189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01487-15.

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ABSTRACTSymbiosis between insects and bacteria result in a variety of arrangements, genomic modifications, and metabolic interconnections. Here, we present genomic, phylogenetic, and morphological characteristics of a symbiotic system associated withMelophagus ovinus, a member of the blood-feeding family Hippoboscidae. The system comprises four unrelated bacteria representing different stages in symbiosis evolution, from typical obligate mutualists inhabiting bacteriomes to freely associated commensals and parasites. Interestingly, the whole system provides a remarkable analogy to the association betweenGlossinaand its symbiotic bacteria. In both, the symbiotic systems are composed of an obligate symbiont and two facultative intracellular associates,SodalisandWolbachia. In addition, extracellularBartonellaresides in the gut ofMelophagus. However, the phylogenetic origins of the two obligate mutualist symbionts differ. InGlossina, the mutualisticWigglesworthiaappears to be a relatively isolated symbiotic lineage, whereas inMelophagus, the obligate symbiont originated within the widely distributedArsenophonuscluster. Although phylogenetically distant, the two obligate symbionts display several remarkably similar traits (e.g., transmission via the host's “milk glands” or similar pattern of genome reduction). To obtain better insight into the biology and possible role of theM. ovinusobligate symbiont, “CandidatusArsenophonus melophagi,” we performed several comparisons of its gene content based on assignments of the Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COG). Using this criterion, we show that within a set of 44 primary and secondary symbionts, “Ca. Arsenophonus melophagi” is most similar toWigglesworthia. On the other hand, these two bacteria also display interesting differences, such as absence of flagellar genes inArsenophonusand their presence inWigglesworthia. This finding implies that a flagellum is not essential for bacterial transmission via milk glands.

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SYCHRA, OLDŘICH, IVAN LITERÁK, TOMÁŠ NAJER, MIROSLAV ČAPEK, PETR KOUBEK, and PETR PROCHÁZKA. "Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from estrildid finches (Aves: Passeriformes: Estrildidae) and louse-flies (Insecta: Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from birds in Senegal, with descriptions of three new species of the genus Brueelia." Zootaxa 2714, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2714.1.3.

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Descriptions and illustrations are given for three new species of the genus Brueelia Kéler from estrildid finches (Estrildidae) from Senegal. They and their type hosts are: B. fasciata from Amadina fasciata, B. senegala from Lagonosticta senegala and B. cantans from Euodice cantans. Records of three other louse species of the genus Myrsidea Waterston from estrildid finches and records of louse-flies (Hippoboscidae) from birds in Senegal are also given.

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Ramírez-Martínez, María M., Andrew J. Bennett, Christopher D. Dunn, Thomas M. Yuill, and Tony L. Goldberg. "Bat Flies of the Family Streblidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important “Bat-Associated” Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050860.

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Bat flies (Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of bats. We collected streblid bat flies from the New World (México) and the Old World (Uganda), and used metagenomics to identify their viruses. In México, we found méjal virus (Rhabdoviridae; Vesiculovirus), Amate virus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus), and two unclassified viruses of invertebrates. Méjal virus is related to emerging zoonotic encephalitis viruses and to the agriculturally important vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV). Amate virus and its sister taxon from a bat are most closely related to mosquito- and tick-borne orbiviruses, suggesting a previously unrecognized orbivirus transmission cycle involving bats and bat flies. In Uganda, we found mamucuso virus (Peribunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) and two unclassified viruses (a rhabdovirus and an invertebrate virus). Mamucuso virus is related to encephalitic viruses of mammals and to viruses from nycteribiid bat flies and louse flies, suggesting a previously unrecognized orthobunyavirus transmission cycle involving hippoboscoid insects. Bat fly virus transmission may be neither strictly vector-borne nor strictly vertical, with opportunistic feeding by bat flies occasionally leading to zoonotic transmission. Many “bat-associated” viruses, which are ecologically and epidemiologically associated with bats but rarely or never found in bats themselves, may actually be viruses of bat flies or other bat ectoparasites.

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Oboňa, J., T. Zeegers, W. Wamiti, and N. Njoroge. "Additions to the Checklist of the Louse Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) of Kenya." African Entomology 24, no. 2 (September 2016): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.024.0393.

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Gałęcki, Remigiusz, Jerzy Jaroszewski, Xuenan Xuan, and Tadeusz Bakuła. "Temporal-Microclimatic Factors Affect the Phenology of Lipoptena fortisetosa in Central European Forests." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112012.

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The objective of this study was to determine the correlations between the abundance of Lipoptena fortisetosa on new potential hosts and selected temporal-microclimatic conditions in a forest at the beginning of the host-seeking period. Louse flies were collected between 6 May and 15 July of 2019 and 2020 in a natural mixed forest in Poland. Keds were collected by three investigators walking along the same forest route during each sampling session. The number of captured keds and the date (time), temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), air pressure (hPa) and wind speed (km/h) were recorded. A total of five measurements were performed during each sampling session. The influence of temporal-microclimatic conditions on the number of collected ectoparasites was evaluated with the use of a Generalized Additive Model (GAM). A total of 1995 individuals were obtained during field surveys. The results of the GAM revealed a correlation between the number of host seeking L. fortisetosa vs. time, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. An increase in temperature was most highly correlated with the abundance of louse flies in the environment.

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Rodríguez-Estrella, Ricardo, and Laura B. Rivera-Rodríguez. "High Prevalence of Louse Flies on Osprey Nestlings in a Baja California Colony." Journal of Raptor Research 53, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-17-59.

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Bernal, Iván, Juan Carlos Hidalgo, and Carlos Talabante. "Insect ectoparasites of the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio in the Iberian Peninsula." Ornis Hungarica 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2022-0015.

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Abstract Of the 26 Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) sampled with the aim of characterizing insect ectoparasites, five birds were parasitized by louse flies. Two species were identified, Ornithophila metallica and Ornithomya fringillina. The first species is reported for the first time in the Red-backed Shrike, and the second represents a new host association in the Iberian Peninsula.

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36

Nartshuk, Emilia Petrovna, and Jozef Oboňa. "The distribution of genus Hippobosca in Transcaucasia." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 68, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cszma-2019-0024.

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Abstract The unpublished zoogeographical views of louse flies from genus Hippobosca deposited in Collection of the Zoological institute of Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia from Transcaucasia are summarized. A total 248 deposited samples and one recent sample belonging to species Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 and Hippobosca longipennis Fabricius, 1805 from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Caucasus and north-western Iran are presented.

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37

Nartshuk, E. P., A. V. Matyukhin, V. P. Shokhrin, and M. Yu Markovets. "New records of ornithophilous louse-flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Ornithomyinae) from the Russian Far East." Far Eastern entomologist 384 (June 10, 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.384.4.

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Nartshuk, E. P., A. V. Matyukhin, and A. P. Shapoval. "First record of the parasitic louse fly Ornithomya comosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in Europe and western Russia." Zoosystematica Rossica 28, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2019.28.2.356.

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The parasitic louse fly Ornithomya comosa (Austen, 1930) (Diptera, Hippoboscidae), known from the Oriental Region (India, Thailand, Nepal and Peninsular Malaysia) and Asian part of the Palaearctic Region (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, West Siberia of Russia and Japan), is found for the first time in Europe and in the western part of Russia (Curonian Spit). Flies were collected from the swallow species Hirundo rustica (Linnaeus, 1758) and Delichon urbica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hirundinidae). Two possible narratives for the occurrence of this fly in Europe are discussed.

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39

Balayara, Assa, Carlyle C. Brewster, Larry J. Vaughan, and Douglas G. Pfeiffer. "Foliar, Fruit, and Soil-Applied Organic Insecticides for Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Senegalese Mangoes." Plant Health Progress 20, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-18-0061-rs.

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Since its invasion in Senegal (West Africa) in 2004, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, the oriental fruit fly, has caused loss of production of mango and other commercial fruits. The use of neem products (oil, cake, and seed powder) and kaolin may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling adult flies and larval-pupal stages and may contribute to integrated pest management tactics. In the laboratory, neem oil-treated fruit had the same number of landings and time spent on treated fruit as the control but showed reduced pupal development. Females selected kaolin-treated fruits for landing less often, with reduced pupal development. Soil treatment with neem cake and neem seed powder reduced pupal survival. In the field, neem treatment had a greater number of infested fruits and greater pupal development than the control, but fewer flies emerged. Kaolin was not different from the control in percent of infested fruits or pupal development, but fewer flies emerged. Neem cake and neem seed powder were found to lose efficacy in the field.

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Privalova, Valeriya, Ewa Szlachcic, Łukasz Sobczyk, Natalia Szabla, and Marcin Czarnoleski. "Oxygen Dependence of Flight Performance in Ageing Drosophila melanogaster." Biology 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040327.

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Similar to humans, insects lose their physical and physiological capacities with age, which makes them a convenient study system for human ageing. Although insects have an efficient oxygen-transport system, we know little about how their flight capacity changes with age and environmental oxygen conditions. We measured two types of locomotor performance in ageing Drosophila melanogaster flies: the frequency of wing beats and the capacity to climb vertical surfaces. Flight performance was measured under normoxia and hypoxia. As anticipated, ageing flies showed systematic deterioration of climbing performance, and low oxygen impeded flight performance. Against predictions, flight performance did not deteriorate with age, and younger and older flies showed similar levels of tolerance to low oxygen during flight. We suggest that among different insect locomotory activities, flight performance deteriorates slowly with age, which is surprising, given that insect flight is one of the most energy-demanding activities in animals. Apparently, the superior capacity of insects to rapidly deliver oxygen to flight muscles remains little altered by ageing, but we showed that insects can become oxygen limited in habitats with a poor oxygen supply (e.g., those at high elevations) during highly oxygen-demanding activities such as flight.

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Gooding, R. H. "Postmating barriers to gene flow among species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-253.

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Postmating barriers to gene flow between closely related species and subspecies of tsetse flies include (i) reduced fecundity of hybridized and hybrid females and (ii) sterility of hybrid and backcross males, owing mainly to incompatibility between X and Y chromosomes from two different taxa or, possibly, incompatibility between the X from one taxon and autosomes from the other. There are also maternally inherited factors that confer unidirectional sterility upon males; these factors may influence the direction of gene flow. When Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis are crossed, these factors appear to be unstable and lose their effectiveness as barriers to gene flow when hybrid females, from several consecutive generations, are backcrossed to G. m. centralis. In hybrid females of the morsitans group, intrachromosomal recombination is suppressed in the X chromosomes, but it may occur at near normal levels in at least part of linkage group II. Some backcross flies with chromosomes composed of segments from two different taxa are fertile. Naturally occurring hybrids have been found, but it appears that hybridization zones are narrow. It remains to be determined whether introgression of genes plays a significant role in the evolution of tsetse flies.

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Oboňa, Jozef, Katarína Fogašová, Miroslav Fulín, Stanislav Greš, Peter Manko, Jakub Repaský, Jindřich Roháček, Oldřich Sychra, and Martin Hromada. "Updated taxonomic keys for European Hippoboscidae (Diptera), and expansion in Central Europe of the bird louse fly Ornithomya comosa (Austen, 1930) with the first record from Slovakia." ZooKeys 1115 (July 29, 2022): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1115.80146.

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The available keys for European Hippoboscidae are outdated and do not cover all species currently known from Europe. Therefore, identification keys to the eleven genera and 31 species of the European hippoboscids are provided here. Ornithomya comosa (Austen, 1930) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is recorded for the first time from the territory of Slovakia based on one female found on a sand martin, Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758). The list of keds and louse flies recorded from the territory of Slovakia is increased to 20 species. New host records for Slovakia are presented.

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43

Fukatsu, Takema, Ryuichi Koga, Wendy A. Smith, Kohjiiro Tanaka, Naruo Nikoh, Kayoko Sasaki-Fukatsu, Kazunori Yoshizawa, Colin Dale, and Dale H. Clayton. "Bacterial Endosymbiont of the Slender Pigeon Louse, Columbicola columbae, Allied to Endosymbionts of Grain Weevils and Tsetse Flies." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 20 (August 31, 2007): 6660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01131-07.

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ABSTRACT The current study focuses on a symbiotic bacterium found in the slender pigeon louse, Columbicola columbae (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that the symbiont belongs to the gamma subdivision of the class Proteobacteria and is allied to Sodalis glossinidius, the secondary symbiont of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) and also to the primary symbiont of grain weevils (Sitophilus spp.). Relative-rate tests revealed that the symbiont of C. columbae exhibits accelerated molecular evolution in comparison with the tsetse fly symbiont and the weevil symbiont. Whole-mount in situ hybridization was used to localize the symbiont and determine infection dynamics during host development. In first- and second-instar nymphs, the symbionts were localized in the cytoplasm of oval bacteriocytes that formed small aggregates on both sides of the body cavity. In third-instar nymphs, the bacteriocytes migrated to the central body and were finally located in the anterior region of the lateral oviducts, forming conspicuous tissue formations called ovarial ampullae. In adult females, the symbionts were transmitted from the ovarial ampullae to developing oocytes in the ovarioles. In adult males, the bacteriocytes often disappeared without migration. A diagnostic PCR survey of insects collected from Japan, the United States, Australia, and Argentina detected 96.5% (109/113) infection, with a few uninfected male insects. This study provides the first microbial characterization of a bacteriocyte-associated symbiont from a chewing louse. Possible biological roles of the symbiont are discussed in relation to the host nutritional physiology associated with the feather-feeding lifestyle.

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Tomás, André, Isabel Pereira da Fonseca, Thijs Valkenburg, and Maria Teresa Rebelo. "Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 14 (April 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.12.004.

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Blanckenhorn, Wolf U., Paquita E. A. Hoeck, Constanze Reim, and Yvonne Teuschl. "A cost of being large: genetically large yellow dung flies lose out in intra-specific food competition." Evolutionary Ecology 25, no. 4 (October 22, 2010): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-010-9442-x.

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Pedro M. Alarcón-Elbal, Holly M. Garrod, Spencer C. Schubert, and Alonso Santos Murgas. "New host species records of a parasitic fly (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in montane forests of Hispaniola." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 34 (June 3, 2021): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2021.34.53-56.

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Abstract Hippoboscids or louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) are obligate hematophages highly specialized for an ectoparasitic life in the feathers or fur of avian or mammalian hosts, respectively. As part of an existing avian monitoring program in the Dominican Republic, two cases of parasitism by louse flies in a Black-faced Grassquit (Melanospiza bicolor) and a Green Heron (Butorides virescens) were reported. In the laboratory, the flies were examined and identified as the species Ornithoctona erythrocephala. This is the first time this hippoboscid has been observed parasitizing these two bird species, and indeed the first record of it parasitizing a species of the family Thraupidae. Keywords Caribbean, Dominican Republic, ectoparasite, Hippoboscidae, Hispaniola, Ornithoctona erythrocephala Resumen Nuevos registros de especies hospederas de una mosca parásita (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) en bosques montanos de La Española • Los hipobóscidos o moscas piojo (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) son hematófagos obligados altamente especializados para una vida ectoparásita en las plumas de las aves o el pelaje de los mamíferos hospederos. Como parte de un programa de monitoreo de aves que existe en la República Dominicana, se reportaron dos casos de parasitismo por moscas piojos en Melanospiza bicolor y Butorides virescens. En el laboratorio, las moscas fueron examinadas e identificadas como la especie Ornithoctona erythrocephala. Esta es la primera vez que se observa que este hipobóscido parasita a estas dos especies de aves y, de hecho, el primer registro de que parasita una especie de la familia Thraupidae. Palabras clave Caribe, ectoparásito, Hippoboscidae, La Española, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, República Dominicana Résumé Nouvelles mentions d’espèces hôtes d’une mouche parasite (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) dans les forêts de montagne d’Hispaniola • Les hippobosques ou mouches plates (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) sont des espèces hématophages obligatoires hautement spécialisées pour une vie ectoparasitaire dans les plumes des oiseaux ou la fourrure des mammifères. Dans le cadre d’un programme de suivi de l’avifaune en République dominicaine, deux cas de parasitisme par des hippobosques ont été signalés sur un Sporophile cici (Melanospiza bicolor) et un Héron vert (Butorides virescens). En laboratoire, les mouches ont été examinées et identifiées comme appartenant à l’espèce Ornithoctona erythrocephala. C’est la première fois que cet hippobosque est observé comme parasite de ces deux espèces d’oiseaux et comme parasite d’une espèce de la famille des Thraupidae. Mots clés Caraïbes, ectoparasite, Hippoboscidae, Hispaniola, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, République dominicaine

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Benedict, Bridgett M., Perry S. Barboza, John A. Crouse, Katia R. Groch, Matthew R. Kulpa, Dan P. Thompson, Guilherme G. Verocai, and Dominique J. Wiener. "Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): e0278886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278886.

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Long-standing reports of open sores on the hind legs of moose (Alces alces) have been recorded in Alaska (as well as Canada, Europe, and Michigan), eliciting concerns about causes and infection. We used histological and genomic methods to investigate the sores from 20 adult moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We paired this with thermal imagery and molt scoring of adult moose to further describe sore formation and understand its timing. Severe, ulcerative and eosinophilic dermatitis was found in all moose with sores present, and microfilariae within intraepidermal pustules were additionally found in four samples. Genetic analysis of sores from moose revealed a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca. Adult moose molt and lose their barrier of protection against flies in June and July during peak fly activity, leaving them vulnerable and allowing the development of sores. In summary, our results indicate that the cause for the sores on the hindleg of moose is a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca, probably transmitted by black flies, in timing with the molt cycle of adult moose. These sores leave moose exposed to pathogens, making them vulnerable, and challenging their health and fitness.

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Thomas, F. C., I. A. Hardy, and H. Rashid. "Bryozoan-rich layers in surficial Labrador Slope sediments, eastern Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-001.

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Layers rich in remains of a shallow-water bryozoan species, Idmidronea atlantica, have been found in Quaternary sediments in a piston core taken from 1085 m water depth in the Labrador Sea (59.700270°N, 60.238370°W), tens of kilometres from the nearest possible source. These layers occur anomalously in pelagichemipelagic muds with abundant planktic and deep-water benthic foraminifera, and are thus not in sediments attributable to mud turbidite or debris flows. The bryozoan remains appear to be most common in intervals just below Heinrich events H1 and H2 (~14 500 and ~20 600 14C years BP, respectively). Two possible ice-related transport mechanisms are suggested to have been involved in the deposition of the bryozoan fragments. The first method involved the scouring action of loose pack ice and (or) bergs dislodging and mobilizing attached bryozoans in shallow water, where they could be subsequently entrained in currents and transported to deeper water. The second method may have occurred when attached colonies of these animals were frozen in place as winter ice formed in shallow water, to be carried out to deeper conditions while still encased in loose floes the subsequent springsummer.

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Nartshuk, E. P., A. V. Matyukhin, and V. P. Shokhrin. "Parasitic Louse Flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) and Their Associations with Bird Hosts in the South of the Russian Far East." Entomological Review 102, no. 3 (June 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873822030083.

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Souza, Ugo, Bruno Dall'Agnol, Thais Michel, Anelise Webster, Guilherme Klafke, João Ricardo Martins, Carlos Benhur Kasper, et al. "DETECTION OF BARTONELLA SP. IN DEER LOUSE FLIES (LIPOPTENA MAZAMAE) ON GRAY BROCKET DEER (MAZAMA GOUAZOUBIRA) IN THE NEOTROPICS." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 48, no. 2 (June 2017): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2016-0058r3.1.

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