Journal articles on the topic 'Looking After Children System'
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1
Cheers, Deirdre, Kathleen Kufeldt, Ross Klein, and Scott Rideout. "Comparing caring: The Looking After Children system in Canada and Australia." Children Australia 32, no. 2 (2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011548.
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The Looking After Children (LAC) system is currently used in a number of countries world wide, providing increasing opportunities for international research collaboration. This paper describes early results of one such collaborative effort between Canada and Australia. The LAC system is a child-centred case management approach aimed at enhancing the developmental needs of children and young people in out-of-home care placements. LAC has the capacity to connect research, policy and practice. For research and practice LAC measures and enhances outcomes of care. Aggregation of data collected via the use of LAC allows policy makers to assess current practices in order to monitor and measure the extent to which intended program goals are achieved. LAC promotes and encourages collaboration in the care system, enhancing participation opportunities and partnerships between social workers, direct carers (foster parents and residential workers), parents, children and young people.
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Epps, Kevin. "Looking after children in secure settings: recent themes." Educational and Child Psychology 14, no. 2 (1997): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.1997.14.2.42.
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AbstractThis article begins by looking at the various kinds of secure setting, and the legislation that allows children to be locked up. It moves on to examine, with reference to recent research, the reasons children are detained in secure conditions. The behavioural problems presented by the child, and the social and legal systems which aim to ensure that secure provision is used only when absolutely necessary, have an important bearing on the decision to place a child in secure accommodation. While there is agreement that the use of secure provision is sometimes justified, its use could be reduced through the expansion of appropriate alternative open provision. It is argued that the role of secure provision is still very unclear and poorly managed as a national resource. Secure units often function in isolation and are poorly integrated with other child-care resources. Some young people are moved from placement to placement in an attempt to avoid admission to secure provision, resulting in further damage to themselves and others. There seems to be a failure in the legislation to distinguish between young people who require a short stay in security during a crisis, from those who require a longer stay in an attempt to deal with long-standing antisocial and self-destructive behaviours. This problem has been compounded by the failure to develop an accepted methodology for understanding the behavioural problems presented by this group of young people. The creation of a national agency with specific responsibility for the administration and development of secure provision may help to resolve some of these problems.
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Garrett, Paul Michael. "Questioning the new orthodoxy: The ‘Looking After Children’ (LAC) system and its discourse on parenting." Practice 11, no. 1 (January 1999): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503159908412554.
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Dixon, Deirdre. "Looking After Children in Barnardos Australia: A study of the early stages of implementation." Children Australia 26, no. 3 (2001): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010324.
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Looking After Children (LAC), a case management system for children in out-of-home care, has been the subject of pilot implementation in several Australian states. Barnardos Australia, in association with the University of NSW, implemented LAC in all of its out-of-home care programs as part of an Australian Research Council (ARC) research grant, in 1997–99.This study looks at the factors affecting implementation of Looking After Children in Barnardos Australia out-of-home care programs during the initial twelve month period (1997–98). Information collected from interviews with eleven program managers, and examination of records containing LAC material on casework files, are used to explore factors which assisted or impeded LAC implementation. Similarities are highlighted between UK and Australian experiences of LAC implementation, and issues are raised of significance to agencies considering using LAC.
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Phillips, Malcolm, and Dave Worlock. "Implementing the Looking after Children System in RBK&C A Big Step Forward for Children and Foster Carers." Adoption & Fostering 20, no. 4 (December 1996): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599602000409.
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Garrett, Paul Michael. "Producing the moral citizen: the ‘Looking After Children’ system and the regulation of children and young people in public care." Critical Social Policy 19, no. 3 (August 1999): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101839901900301.
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Vaughan, Geraldine. "‘Papists looking after the Education of our Protestant Children!’ Catholics and Protestants on western Scottish school boards, 1872–1918." Innes Review 63, no. 1 (May 2012): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2012.0030.
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When the Education (Scotland) Act was passed in 1872, the Roman Catholic community represented up to a third of the Scottish western urban population. The great majority of Presbyterian schools became Board schools but the Catholic authorities refused to enter the new system because they considered it as unofficially Presbyterian. Yet Catholics were nevertheless involved in the new system as ratepayers and they wanted to get some control over the spending of the educational tax. Thus a number of them became important actors on the newly elected councils. This article explores the ways in which Catholics fought the school board elections as well as the relation between Protestant and Catholic representatives on those boards in the west of Scotland (in Greenock and in the Monklands). It aims at studying the various conflicts which stemmed from inter-denominational collaboration as well as the modus vivendi which slowly emerged from 1872 until the passing of the 1918 Education Act.
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Baynesagn, Ashenafi Hagos, and Etsegenet Hailu Tolla. "Poor Mothers and Begging: How Impoverished Ethiopian Women Support Their Children in the Absence of a Strong State Welfare System." SAGE Open 12, no. 2 (April 2022): 215824402210917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221091725.
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Despite various efforts to achieve women’s empowerment, many women in developing nations still face desperate situations. In countries where social welfare services for the poor do not exist, mothers are expected to support their children by any means possible, including by begging. This is the case in Ethiopia, where poor mothers, especially in urban areas, engage in begging to support their families. To learn more about the lived experiences of these women we conducted qualitative interviews with 17 mother beggars who were identified through purposive sampling. From the interviews, we identified the following themes: begging as a better option; begging as a solution to a crisis; begging as a family identity; and challenges of begging. Children were considered assets as well as burdens by the mother beggars, who believed that more money could be made by using children, while acknowledging the stress of looking after their children when begging. Understanding the realities of these situations can help determine suitable responses to the needs of poor mothers raising children in the absence of strong state welfare systems.
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Wates, Michele. "Disability and Adoption: How Unexamined Attitudes Discriminate against Disabled People as Parents." Adoption & Fostering 26, no. 2 (July 2002): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590202600207.
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For many years Michele Wates has been involved in developing peer support and a campaigning network of disabled parents in the UK. She considers that, while disabled children and adoption have been the focus of some debate, the issue of adoption has received far too little attention in relation to disabled adults. This article seeks to redress the balance by looking first at how children with disabled parents are over-represented in the looked after system. The author goes on to discuss the ways in which disabled people are overlooked as potential adoptive parents. In conclusion she outlines the implications for practice regarding both these related areas of concern.
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B, Sadhana, Navya A, Nidhishree ., and Vidhyashree Vishwa. "CHILD MONITORING SYSTEM USING GPS CHILD TRACKING SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.051.
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Today, parents are working hard and looking after their kids at the same time. Due to the increasing security risks faced by children, both the parents need to monitor their child & #39; s activities. This paper proposes a system that uses an Android phone to monitor the child & #39; s activities. The system can also provide the parents with the necessary information about their child & #39; s safety. The paper also shows how this system can be used to create a safety zone around the child. The system can monitor the child & #39; s activities and create a safety zone around the child. It can also provide the parents with the necessary information about the child & #39; s location. The system is equipped with a video camera that can be operated using the instructions from the Android phone & #39; s software hand function. The video camera can also be used to capture the child & #39; s movements. This project & #39; s major goal is to create an IoTbased Child Monitoring System that will allow parents to watch and detect their children & #39; s activities even when they are away from home. It is an innovative, smart, and protected Child Monitoring System designed to efficiently nurture a newborn. This approach takes into account all of the minor elements necessary for the child & #39; s care and protection at the institution and elsewhere. The usage of technologies/methodologies such as the Internet of Things (IOT), Live Video Monitoring System, Cloud Computing (Data Storage), and User Friendly Web Application helps to build smartness and innovation (for User Controls). Different Sensors/Modules are fitted to the child in order to detect each and every activity. All data collected from sensors/modules will be kept in the cloud and examined on a regular basis.
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GARRETT, P. M. "Mapping Child-Care Social Work in the Final Years of the Twentieth Century: A Critical Response to the 'Looking After Children' System." British Journal of Social Work 29, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011438.
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Anobile, Giovanni, Maria C. Morrone, Daniela Ricci, Francesca Gallini, Ilaria Merusi, and Francesca Tinelli. "Typical Crossmodal Numerosity Perception in Preterm Newborns." Multisensory Research 34, no. 7 (May 12, 2021): 693–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10051.
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Abstract Premature birth is associated with a high risk of damage in the parietal cortex, a key area for numerical and non-numerical magnitude perception and mathematical reasoning. Children born preterm have higher rates of learning difficulties for school mathematics. In this study, we investigated how preterm newborns (born at 28–34 weeks of gestation age) and full-term newborns respond to visual numerosity after habituation to auditory stimuli of different numerosities. The results show that the two groups have a similar preferential looking response to visual numerosity, both preferring the incongruent set after crossmodal habituation. These results suggest that the numerosity system is resistant to prematurity.
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Clare, Michael. "‘Good enough parenting’ when government is ‘the parent’." Children Australia 28, no. 4 (2003): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005770.
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This paper reviews the introduction of the UK Looking After Children practice and management materials in a number of Australian States and Territories against the background of a comparative analysis of UK central government systems to prescribe standards of service and to monitor outcomes for children in care. The writer argues that the UK Labour government commitment to a ‘whole of government’ interventionist set of activities and processes is significantly more successful in driving child welfare initiatives than the more fragmented and secretive systems in Australian States. Finally, the writer reflects on the central influence of commissioned research in informing needs and service outcomes for vulnerable children and their families.
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Pinhas, Michal, Sarah E. Donohue, Marty G. Woldorff, and Elizabeth M. Brannon. "Electrophysiological Evidence for the Involvement of the Approximate Number System in Preschoolers' Processing of Spoken Number Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 9 (September 2014): 1891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00631.
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Little is known about the neural underpinnings of number word comprehension in young children. Here we investigated the neural processing of these words during the crucial developmental window in which children learn their meanings and asked whether such processing relies on the Approximate Number System. ERPs were recorded as 3- to 5-year-old children heard the words one, two, three, or six while looking at pictures of 1, 2, 3, or 6 objects. The auditory number word was incongruent with the number of visual objects on half the trials and congruent on the other half. Children's number word comprehension predicted their ERP incongruency effects. Specifically, children with the least number word knowledge did not show any ERP incongruency effects, whereas those with intermediate and high number word knowledge showed an enhanced, negative polarity incongruency response (Ninc) over centroparietal sites from 200 to 500 msec after the number word onset. This negativity was followed by an enhanced, positive polarity incongruency effect (Pinc) that emerged bilaterally over parietal sites at about 700 msec. Moreover, children with the most number word knowledge showed ratio dependence in the Pinc (larger for greater compared with smaller numerical mismatches), a hallmark of the Approximate Number System. Importantly, a similar modulation of the Pinc from 700 to 800 msec was found in children with intermediate number word knowledge. These results provide the first neural correlates of spoken number word comprehension in preschoolers and are consistent with the view that children map number words onto approximate number representations before they fully master the verbal count list.
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Ali, Wahab, Ruveni Tuimavana, and Prathika Gounder. "Demand for Counselling Heightens in Schools after COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Socio-economic Setbacks." Education, Language and Sociology Research 3, no. 3 (August 12, 2022): p34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v3n3p34.
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The departure from traditional family structure and the evolving social trends with a breakdown in the customary support system has created a gap for fulfilling the physical, psychological and social needs of the children. The emphasis is on the need for an alternative support system to mediate the needs of them and counselling in schools is definitely the bridge that fills this gap. There is no doubt that COVID-19 pandemic and associated socio-economic factors have heightened the need for counselors in schools. This study investigates the views of school administrators, principals, head teachers and classroom teachers regarding counselling in schools. A survey research design was implemented and a survey was executed to 100 participants in the western division. 78 of them responded by returning the completed survey giving a response rate of 78%, which is acceptable for discussion. Findings reveal that Fiji has seen an increase in counselling needs after COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns. Findings also reveal that school leaders and teachers are looking forward to a counselling program that prepares counsellors who can assist students suffering from short-term and long-term psychological effects of the pandemic and prepare students for the ‘new norm’. Majority of the participants indicated that counseling skills are indispensable manifestations considering the current unprecedented epidemiological environment.
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Thomas, Bigi, and Chandrik Rajdeep. "Life Skill Education: Enhancing Empowerment among Rural Primary School Children in Gujarat, India." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i4.898.
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At a time when there is an unprecedented surge in reported cases of abuses against children in its all forms in India and the legal, social as well as educational system continue to fail in either protecting them or empowering them to face their challenges, it is essential to equip them to learn life skills because such initiatives provide the children with a variety of alternative and creative ways of solving problems of everyday life. In this study, the authors attempt to assess the changes witnessed among rural primary school children after three months of life skill education. Improvement in their communication, participation, perception, values, behaviour, and academic performance was included in the assessment areas.
Activity-based participatory learning techniques like games, role plays, drama, drawing, and reflections were included in the modules of life skills, which were used in teaching them in a non-threatening atmosphere. The experiential learning method, which gives opportunities to the subjects to have a first-hand encounter with the phenomenon under consideration instead of simply imagining the situation or merely looking into the prospect of doing something about it, helped children to have a clear understanding about these life skills and its applicability in real-life situations. Reflective sessions after hearing, observing, and practicing each skill, enabled children to think loudly about their performances and understanding about each session. Children could learn a lot from others’ viewpoints, observations, and ideas too.
Detailed narration with specific activities as well as games practiced, of each module of life skill education taught to children is included in this study. Results proved that there is an improvement in life skills among children in the areas of communication, participation, perceptions, and values after having life skill education.
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Harvey, Birt. "Epilogue." Pediatrics 86, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.6.1127.
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This conference has clarified a number of basic issues. If we expect to improve the health of our children, we must change our philosophy about social welfare and about looking after children. We have always considered individualism our ideal, and the concept is rooted firmly in our frontier spirit and our system of free enterprise. European thought is oriented more toward interdependence, with greater emphasis on the well-being of the group. How we treat our children is influenced heavily by our philosophy, as the responsibility rests with each individual family. Except in the event of what we define as child abuse, representing a tiny fraction of ineffective and damaging parental behavior, we place very few legal or social limitations on parents. Children are a national resource, and responsibility for their welfare is shared by every member of society. As Dr Verbrugge has observed, what we need in the United States is more solidarity and less solitariness, less individuality. This is the direction we must now pursue. The United States needs a children's policy; our guests have made this clear. Health care cannot be separated from all the other factors that influence the well-being of children. We have learned about grants that families get at birth, subsidized day care available to all, lengthy parental leave after childbirth, and paid leave when children are sick. We have a long way to go, but rational child health policy is a good start. Some feel that we must do everything at once to avoid further fragmentation. Barring a revolution in this country, this is simply not possible.
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Johnston, Emma. "The child with developmental disabilities: The effects on the whole family. What do the families really need from the ‘early intervention’ professional system?" Human Systems: Therapy, Culture and Attachments 2, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26344041211062851.
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This paper is based on the premise that the current services delivered to children with developmental disabilities and their families in Wales are in need of revision in order to fully support the families to then be able to support their children. Currently services use a medically dominated approach in trying to ‘fix’ these disabled children and are lacking regard for the emotional and psychological impact on the families. The author comes from a position of having worked with these families as a clinical psychologist for over 20 years and shares with the reader things that her lived experiences tell her matter to these families and what families have said matters. There are ‘extra’ demands of looking after a child with developmental needs and in managing oneself in relation to a complex set of professional demands (services). In relation to this, there are a complex array of emotional experiences and dilemmas that parents are often fluctuating between. Six key themes have been developed which potentially form a model to think about some of the dynamics for families in these situations; Denial v acceptance, Guilt v forgiveness, isolation v support, fear v courage and anxious thinking v reimagining the family story. This paper provides the reader with a practical and strength-based model for service delivery to support children with developmental disabilities and their families. The new model of care is about helping families ‘to come to terms with’ a condition that cannot be cured. The new vision is about adaptation, re-framing or seeing from a different perspective, that is, a ‘fulfillment in new dreaming’. Families must adjust physically, psychologically and practically to living with limitations which can be severe and uncertain at times and may not be resolved. Two main principles that should be followed: 1. Caring about what matters. That is to say addressing a child’s developmental disabilities within the broad context of the child and family’s lives. Parents need space to acknowledge and process their feelings without judgement, with professionals and peers who have ‘good’ understanding and empathy. 2. We the people. Health care should become the work of we the people not we the professionals serving the rest of the people. At the heart of it is the orientating ideal that captures what the work is about – well-being of families. The principles of the model being to engage a resource that is largely untapped in our strained healthcare system: the knowledge, wisdom and energy of individuals, families and communities who have a child with developmental disabilities/learning disabilities in their everyday lives. These families are no longer simply consumers of services who respond to requests to ‘fix’ disabled children. The author describes what she is doing to develop services including the development of Early Positive Approaches to support (EPAtS). The author also considers some issues that get in the way of developing this new practice smoothly. Summary A new way of looking at and considering what is important in the professional system supporting children with developmental disabilities and their families.
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MARKOWSKA-MANISTA, URSZULA, and DOMINIKA ZAKRZEWSKA-OLĘDZKA. "FAMILY WITH CHILDREN IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC – WHAT, WHERE, HOW? DILEMMAS OF ADULT-IMPOSED PROHIBITIONS AND ORDERS." Society Register 4, no. 3 (April 14, 2020): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2020.4.3.05.
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The coronavirus has closed adults and children at home. We communicate by phone or the Internet. Life has moved online, it has lost its rhythm within traditional systems of school and work. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic spreading around the globe, many states have introduced numerous limitations in adults’ and children’s social functioning. The majority of education and care institutions have been closed, while companies and institutions whose type of activity allows to do so have decided to transform their work patterns into remote work. This new situation has particularly affected children, who, for their own and their families’ safety, have been cut off from the possibility to participate in activities and events that used to be part of their daily lives. In order to look at this situation and analyse the situation of families with children, an online survey questionnaire was conducted among 158 adults that aimed to collect data from below (from the perspective of reflexive adults looking after children in the situation of spatial-mobile limitations). In the article, we discuss changes in parents’ and children’s lives and analyse the social background of the areas discussed.
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Fleming, Jessica L., Blake E. Sells, Erica H. Bell, Joseph P. McElroy, Amy Webb, Yue Zhao, Richard T. Graham, et al. "MBRS-73. AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS LOOKING AT THE ASSOCIATION OF GERMLINE CODING MUTATIONS WITH IMPAIRED DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR FUNCTION IN PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED ON HEAD START 4." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.577.
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Abstract Children with brain tumors often carry germline mutations known to contribute to tumorigenesis and treatment response; however, little is known about how these mutations impact developmental and behavioral outcomes. As the molecular mechanisms governing cancerous and normal tissues expand, we hypothesize that specific germline variants may impact baseline neurocognitive function and/or treatment-induced toxicities. In this pilot study, ten children on the Head Start 4 (HS4) clinical trial diagnosed with medulloblastoma were assessed for baseline adaptive functioning using the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Third Edition (ABAS-III) and germline whole-exome sequencing was performed. After filtering for high impact variants, Welch’s T-tests were used to identify mutations associated with lower ABAS-III General Adaptive Composite (GAC) scores, reflecting developmental and adaptive behavior delays compared with peers their age. We found twenty genes with alterations associated with lower scores with p-values less than 0.05. Genes found to be significant included LAMC1 (p=0.04) and KRTAP1-1 (p=0.045), which encode members of the laminin and keratin family respectively and are involved in extracellular matrix adhesion. Mutations in PITX1, a known suppressor of RAS, were also associated with lower ABAS-III GAC scores (p=0.007). We hypothesize that additional analyses of HS4 patients will reveal alterations in cell-to-cell communication and signal transduction pathways, common molecular perturbations in tumors that would likely impact central nervous system function. Validation studies are essential to improve our understanding of the functional impact of germline variants on both tumor and regular tissue biology, allowing for novel strategies to circumvent these delays.
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PRICE, DEBORA. "Closing the Gender Gap in Retirement Income: What Difference Will Recent UK Pension Reforms Make?" Journal of Social Policy 36, no. 4 (August 8, 2007): 561–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279407001183.
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AbstractThe second report of the Pensions Commission sought to establish a framework for a sustainable pension system for future generations of pensioners in the UK. The framework has been largely accepted by government in their recent White Paper, Security in Retirement: Towards a New Pension System (2006). Legislation will follow. The Commission and the government have made a number of claims about how their proposals will benefit women. Reforms have been welcomed by women's lobby groups. This article presents a gendered analysis of the Pensions Commission proposals using unpublished data generated by Pensim2, a pensions' simulator developed by the Department for Work and Pensions. Substantial improvements for women will be in the long term only, and will depend heavily on the extent to which gendered patterns of work and family life change in future. For women who follow traditional paths of combining part-time work with looking after children and kin, outcomes will depend on partnering arrangements. If they are married or cohabiting, they will be better off; but if they live alone in later life, the principal advantage of the proposals will be a reduction in means testing rather than an improvement in levels of income.
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Голикова, В. В., and И. Т. Дорошенко. "Formation of Disability in Children with Short Stature in Terms of International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health." Педиатрия. Восточная Европа, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.10.1.013.
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Введение. Повсеместное внедрение Международной классификации функционирования, ограничений жизнедеятельности и здоровья (МКФ) в систему медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации позволяет описать состояние здоровья ребенка и показатели, связанные с его здоровьем, унифицированным языком, понятным для специалистов разных ведомств, оказывающих помощь детям с ограниченными возможностями.Цель. Изучить особенности формирования ограничения жизнедеятельности (инвалидности) у детей с низкорослостью с позиции МКФ.Материалы и методы. Было проведено исследование 300 детей с низкорослостью в возрасте от 1 года до 18 лет с использованием метода оценки состояния их здоровья с позиции МКФ. Применялась стандартизированная система кодирования МКФ. Статистическая обработка результатов проводилась с использованием VassarStats. Результаты. Ограничение жизнедеятельности у детей с низкорослостью с позиции МКФ характеризуется стойким нарушением функций роста (94,7%), эндокринных желез (68,0%), сохранения массы тела (47,3%) и полового созревания (66,7%) и проявляется трудностями при реализации таких составляющих активности и участия, как развлечения и досуг (96,0%), забота о своем здоровье (93,3%), дошкольное (93,6%) и школьное (84,5%) образование, занятие игрой (85,1%), ученичество (61,5%), дошкольная (72,3%) и школьная (58,3%) жизнь с общественной деятельностью. При этом следует отметить, что на формирование ограничения жизнедеятельности, а следовательно, инвалидности у данных детей в наибольшей степени влияют (р<0,001) нарушения функций эндокринных желез (φ=0,72), общих метаболических функций (φ=0,55) и функций роста (φ=0,38), а также затруднения по следующим категориям МКФ: развлечения и досуг (φ=0,96), забота о своем здоровье (φ=0,90), дошкольное (φ=0,89) и школьное образование (φ=0,84), занятие игрой (φ=0,80), ученичество (φ=0,69), дошкольная (φ=0,68) и школьная (φ=0,65) жизнь с общественной деятельностью.Заключение. Выделены основные стойкие нарушения категорий, описывающих состояние здоровья и его составляющие с позиции МКФ у детей с синдромами и заболеваниями, проявляющимися низкорослостью, и проведена оценка их влияния на формирование ограничения жизнедеятельности у данных детей. Introduction. The widespread introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health (ICF) into the system of medical assessment and rehabilitation makes it possible to describe the child’s health status and indicators related to his health in a unified language that is understandable for specialists from different departments providing assistance to children with disabilities.Purpose. To explore the features of formation of disability in children with short stature in terms of ICF.Materials and methods. We conducted a study on 300 children with short stature aged 1 to 18 years using the method of assessing their state of health in terms of ICF, where was applied the ICF standardized coding system. Statistical analyses were carried out using VassarStats.Results. Restriction of life activity in children with short stature using ICF is characterized by persistent impairment of growth maintenance functions (94.7%), endocrine gland functions (68.0%), weight maintenance functions (47.3%) and pubertal functions (66.7%), and manifested by difficulties in the implementation of such components of activity and participation as recreation and leisure (96.0%), looking after one’s health (93.3%), preschool (93.6%) and school (84.5%) education, engagement in play (85.1%), apprenticeship (61.5%), preschool (72.3%) and school (58.3%) life and related activities. It should be noted that the formation of disability in these children, is most influenced (p<0.001) by impairments of endocrine gland functions (φ=0.72), general metabolic functions (φ=0.55) and growth maintenance functions (φ=0.38), as well as difficulties in the following ICF categories: recreation and leisure (φ=0.96), looking after one’s health (φ=0.90), preschool (φ=0.89) and school education (φ=0.84), engagement in play (φ=0.80), apprenticeship (φ=0.69), preschool (φ=0.68) and school (φ=0.65) life and related activities.Conclusion. We identified the main persistent impairments of the categories describing the state of health and its components in terms of ICF in children with syndromes and diseases manifested by short stature and assessed their impact on the formation of disability in these children.
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Saunders, Richard. "Editor’s Note (this is to you)." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 21, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.21.1.7.
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The journal approaches something of a milestone with this issue. The current iteration of ACRL’s professional journal of special collections librarianship practice began publication as Rare Books and Manuscripts Librarianship in 1986. When I was in library school a few years later, the only access points to content in the field was the library’s local card catalogue and the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) index. For those of you competent, working professionals young enough to be my children, research was a matter of looking through print volumes—print, mind you—of annual issue after annual issue for citations appearing under index terms, then pulling the bound volumes from the shelves on another floor. The current title RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage was adopted upon acquiring and moving to a digital platform in 2000. Since that time, all ACRL journal content has been available digitally, creating a backfile of material accessible for the asking. In 2014 ALA enacted a platform migration to OJS (Open Journal System) software. RBM content also moved to the OJS platform.
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Koh, Eun, Allysa Ware, and Eunju Lee. "State Implementation of the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23942.
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Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 (FC Act) has been in place for over 10 years. However, children in kinship care continue to receive fewer benefits, supports, and access to resources due to challenges with fully integrating kinship care into the child welfare system. The current study explored the state implementation of the FC Act with a focus on kinship care. Representatives from 15 states across the U.S. completed an online survey focused on their state’s response to the FC Act, and 14 participated in a follow-up survey on their states’ plan for kinship navigator programs with the passage of the Family First Prevention Services Act of 2018 (FFPSA). The findings show that the most common change after the FC Act was observed in the Act’s mandatory requirement to identify and search for kinship caregivers. States were less likely to implement non-mandated services or programs despite their potential benefits. In response to the FFPSA, states were looking for opportunities to learn from other states implementing kinship navigator programs. More support and oversight from the federal government are needed to promote successful policy implementation at the state level. In addition, social work practitioners need to be aware of programs and legislation on kinship care in order to advocate for and ensure the well-being of children and caregivers who provide kinship care.
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Tregeagle, Susan, and Rosemary Hamill. "Can Stability in Out-of-Home Care Be Improved? An Analysis of Unplanned and Planned Placement Changes in Foster Care." Children Australia 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jcas.36.2.74.
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This article presents the findings of a study of unplanned and planned placement changes in foster care programs designed for restoration or time-limited assessment for long-term care. In this study, the causes of placement changes in the program are analysed to assess whether stability could be improved. The study was undertaken by examining computer records of placement changes over a 6-year period, in five Temporary Family Care (TFC) programs. Once these changes were identified, social workers were asked to describe the circumstances of the placement change for each named child. These were then categorised into two groups: unplanned and planned placement changes. Unplanned changes are those that were not anticipated at initial entry to care, nor during scheduled case reviews. The frequency of unplanned changes was 2% of all placements; within this group of unplanned changes no child had more than two unplanned moves and only 0.6% of children had two unplanned changes. Planned placement changes were those changes considered as part of routine case decision-making according to the requirements of the ‘Looking After Children’ (LAC) system. These changes occurred in 4.5% of all planned placements. Some children experienced both planned and unplanned changes. The changes were then categorised according to the reasons for change. Some placement changes appeared unavoidable. This finding leads to questions about whether instability can ever be entirely eliminated. The TFC programs appear to have a lower rate of breakdown than that reported in the literature; however, variations in study design make comparisons difficult.
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Reynolds, Andrew D., and Rachel Bacon. "Interventions Supporting the Social Integration of Refugee Children and Youth in School Communities: A Review of the Literature." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 745–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21664.
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Schools function as a primary driver of integration and as a link to resources and assets that promote healthy development. Nevertheless, most research studies on school-based programs are conducted on mainstream students, and school professionals looking to deliver interventions serving refugee students are forced to choose between evidence-based programs designed for the mainstream and developing new programs in the cultural framework of their students. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a summary of recent research on successful, evidence-based programs as well as promising interventions and practice recommendations in five core practice areas in schools: school leadership and culture, teaching, mental health, after-school programming, and school-parent-community partnerships. These findings are presented drawing from theoretical frameworks of ecological systems, social capital, segmented assimilation, resilience, and trauma, and describe how such theories may be used to inform programs serving refugee children and youth. Additionally, this review describes the core components of successful programs across these practice areas to inform researchers and practitioners as they select and develop programs in their own school communities. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of human rights in the education of refugee children and youth.
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Moss, J., R. Austin, and D. Hawcutt. "P70 Identifying and managing problematic polypharmacy in children and young people?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (May 17, 2019): e46.1-e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-esdppp.108.
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BackgroundPolypharmacy may be necessary in a patient with complex disease or multiple illnesses. Problematic polypharmacy (PP) is defined as the prescribing of multiple medications inappropriately, or where the intended benefit of the medication is not realised. Identification and management of PP already occurs in adult medicine, with evidence based guidelines and deprescribing tools available. This work aims to establish the extent of polypharmacy affecting children at our centre, and the existence of evidence based de-prescribing guidelines to manage potential PP.MethodsAudit of children and young people prescribed medications at a secondary and tertiary children’s hospital, January - December 2017. A systematic review looking for evidence of such a deprescribing tool or guideline was registered with PROSPERO, and undertaken. Inclusion criteria specified the need for a guideline or deprescribing tool in children from birth to < 18yrs of age. Two independent reviewers performed the review with a third reviewer resolving any discrepancies.ResultsWithin a secondary and tertiary care children’s hospital, 668 children were identified as receiving >10 drugs concurrently, while 30 were receiving >20 drugs at one time.The systematic review identified 563 papers initially, with 482 remaining once duplicates were removed. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, two studies were included, POPI (Prot-Labarthe et al, 2014) and PIPc (Barry et al, 2016). These papers discuss systems to identify inappropriate prescriptions. No evidence based guidelines related to the management of potential PP in children were identified.ConclusionThere are children receiving a large number of medicines concurrently, putting them at risk of PP. No specific deprescribing guideline or tools to guide management were identified. Paediatric clinical pharmacology is well placed to create and implement such guidelines.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose
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GREEN, HELEN K., JOSE C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO, MARIA-GLORIA BASÁÑEZ, MARTHA BETSON, NARCIS B. KABATEREINE, ALAN FENWICK, and J. RUSSELL STOTHARD. "Anaemia in Ugandan preschool-aged children: the relative contribution of intestinal parasites and malaria." Parasitology 138, no. 12 (August 8, 2011): 1534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001016.
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SUMMARYAnaemia is a severe public health issue among African preschool-aged children, yet little effective progress has been made towards its amelioration, in part due to difficulties in unravelling its complex, multifactorial aetiology. To determine the current anaemia situation and assess the relative contribution of malaria, intestinal schistosomiasis and infection with soil-transmitted helminths, two separate cross-sectional epidemiological surveys were carried out in Uganda including 573 and 455 preschool-aged children (⩽6 years) living along the shores of Lake Albert and on the islands in Lake Victoria, respectively. Anaemia was found to be a severe public health problem in Lake Albert, affecting 68·9% of children (ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CI) 64·9–72·7%), a statistically significant higher prevalence relative to the 27·3% detected in Lake Victoria (95% CI: 23·3–31·7%). After multivariate analysis (controlling for sex and age of the child), the only factor found to be significantly associated with increased odds of anaemia in both lake systems was malaria (Lake Albert, odds ratio (OR)=2·1, 95% CI: 1·4–3·2; Lake Victoria, OR=1·9, 95% CI: 1·2–2·9). Thus intervention strategies primarily focusing on very young children and combating malaria appear to represent the most appropriate use of human and financial resources for the prevention of anaemia in this age group and area. Looking to the future, these activities could be further emphasised within the National Child Health DaysPLUSagenda.
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Chirivì, Marianna, and Grazia Moffa. "Daily life time of women during Covid 19. Trends and drivers." Academicus International Scientific Journal 27 (January 2023): 206–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2023.27.12.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our living systems and on the economic and political organization of our country. The significant loss of human lives, the interruption of economic activities, the lockdown, to give just a few references, are undoubted threats to our well-being. The Italian context is of great interest to analyse the possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to women’s new daily life routines, not only because of the drastic measures adopted by the Government in the first emergency phase, but also because of the significant gender differences that characterise the country. In a more recent study (Chirivì and Moffa 2020) on women’s equality paths, we were able to highlight how the typically family-based Italian welfare system – the care of the most fragile people (children, elderly and disabled) is almost entirely entrusted to families penalises women who bear the burden of looking after everyone. The spread of the pandemic has in fact laid bare the already existing gender inequalities, highlighting a dimension of womens lives that is often hidden or overlooked, based on a persistent disparity in different areas of daily life, from everyday family life to work and social activities. This paper aims to explore two key issues: gender inequality and links between reproduction and production sphere, focusing on pre-existing inequalities and vulnerabilities in women’s life experiences.
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Popa, Mircea. "Inheritance, urbanization, and political change in Europe." European Political Science Review 11, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773918000206.
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AbstractUrbanization and the development of middle and working classes have been proposed as a key explanation for political change in the Western world. This article argues that the traditional inheritance systems practiced across Europe have played an important role in the differential development of these urban classes in the period 1700–1900. Inheritance systems that practice some degree of inequality between heirs will lead to more children, generally younger brothers, leaving the land and taking up urban occupations. A statistical analysis of geographical data shows that regions in which such unequal inheritance was practiced were two to three times more likely to develop urban areas after 1700. This claim is robust to a number of challenges, including country fixed effects, and to only looking at Western Europe. An important mechanism through which the divergence may have occurred is illustrated through a quantitative analysis of pairs of brothers in the UK and Romania, two countries with opposing inheritance traditions.
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Phillips, Shannon, Alyssa M. Schlenz, Mary Dooley, Martina Mueller, Logan P. Sirline, Cathy L. Melvin, Robert J. Adams, and Julie Kanter. "Evaluation of STOP Protocol Implementation for Abnormal TCD in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia at Risk for Stroke: Displace Consortium." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141970.
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Introduction: Without intervention, children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have an 11% chance of overt ischemic stroke. The Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) proved that children with SCA at increased risk of stroke can be identified using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and, for those at risk, chronic red cell transfusion (CRCT) therapy is effective at preventing stroke. The 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines include annual TCD screening for children with SCA ages 2 - 16, and CRCT for primary and secondary ischemic stroke prevention. The NHLBI-funded Dissemination and Implementation of Stroke Prevention Looking at the Care Environment (DISPLACE) project was designed to 1.) evaluate current stroke screening and prevention practices in a 28-site consortium through intensive medical record review and an electronic data capture system, 2.) determine barriers and facilitators to stroke prevention practices through qualitative methods, and 3.) design and deliver interventions to increase rates of 'sickle stroke screening' using implementation strategies. The purpose of this abstract is to describe initial (pre-study) consortium actions following abnormal TCD results including whether all children had a repeat TCD within the next 4 weeks, whether they initiated CRCT, characteristics of which children received CRCT, and what alternate treatments were used. Methods: DISPLACE data collection years were 2012 - 2016. 5247 children with SCA who met criteria for annual TCD screening were entered into the electronic data capture system with clinical and demographic information. 163 children with abnormal TCD results were identified from the cohort database. Additional data were collected and subsequently adjudicated including timing of follow-up testing (repeat TCD or MRI) after abnormal TCD, implementation of CRCT following abnormal TCD, alternate treatment following abnormal TCD, and whether the STOP protocol was implemented. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In response to abnormal TCD, 75% of children had a repeat TCD ordered (Table 1). Of these, most repeat TCDs were completed within 3 months, with <10% delayed (longer than 12 weeks). CRCT was initiated in 69% of children with abnormal TCD (Table 2); of these, 17% had delayed initiation of CRCT. After abnormal TCD, 10% of families declined CRCT though suggested by providers. When some of these children later suffered an ischemic stroke, (20%) started CRCT at that time. The TWiTCH protocol (CRCT transitioning to HU in children without severe vasculopathy) was followed in about 1/4 of children on CRCT. Additional treatments following abnormal TCD included initiation of HU (64%) and bone marrow transplant (4%) (Table 3). Characteristics of children on CRCT are described in Table 4. Notably, of the 19 children whose CRCT was delayed, 15 (79%) had a stroke. There were 48 instances in which the STOP protocol was not implemented following abnormal TCD. Half of these were the result of decisions at the parent level (e.g., the parent refused CRCT, parent requested HU instead of CRCT). Five were provider decisions (e.g., provider suggested HU), and 15 were systems-level issues (e.g., repeat TCD was delayed). One was a combination of parent decision and system-level issue, and in 4 cases, the reason was unknown. Conclusions: In this nationally representative sample of children with SCA at risk for stroke, nearly ¾ of children had a repeat TCDs, suggesting confirmation of abnormal results was common prior to beginning CRCT. Notably, there were a large number of ischemic strokes in children when CRCT was delayed futher confirming the utility of the screening and stroke prevention protocol. An additional key concern identified in this study were the barriers to STOP protocol implementation. Common reasons for lack of implementation included the parent's decision for HU instead of CRCT, delays in CRCT initiation, and delays in obtaining repeat TCDs. Difficulties implementing the STOP protocol suggest the need for interventions for more rapid initiation of CRCT and stroke prevention. Disclosures Kanter: AGIOS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; bluebird bio, inc: Consultancy, Honoraria; Medscape: Honoraria; Guidepoint Global: Honoraria; GLG: Honoraria; Jeffries: Honoraria; Cowen: Honoraria; Wells Fargo: Honoraria; NHLBI Sickle Cell Advisory Board: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; SCDAA Medical and Research Advisory Board: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BEAM: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Gosar, D., M. Zajc Avramovič, N. Emersic, M. Šušterič, M. M. Šömen, D. Osredkar, and T. Avcin. "AB1144 COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME FOLLOWING SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1689.1–1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3783.
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BackgroundDespite the low rate of neurological deficits following the SARS-COV-2 infection in the pediatric population, children and adolescents who develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) after being infected with SARS-COV-2 are at a higher risk for neurological abnormalities and brain injury, increasing the risk of adverse cognitive and psychiatric outcome.ObjectivesGiven the increased risk of central nervous system impairment we chose to conduct a prospective study looking at the cognitive and psychosocial outcome of patients with MIS-C.MethodsOur study included 27 of the 29 patients between 2 to 18 years of age (M = 11.1, SD = 4.4) who were treated for MIS-C from the onset of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic until the beginning of May 2021 at the only tertiary care pediatric immunology center in Slovenia. We assessed these patients 6 months after diagnosis using the age-appropriate Wechsler intelligence scales and a battery of neuropsychological test measuring attention, executive function, memory and fine motor skills. We also asked parents to report on patients’ psychosocial outcome using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist.ResultsBy using Bayesian statistics to take into account parental education and any potential pre-morbid learning difficulties we found no evidence of impairment on measures of intelligence. However, the posterior distribution of scores on neuropsychological measures indicated that a significant proportion of patients scored 1SD bellow expected levels on measures of attention (31%), executive function (28%) and visual memory (35%). Increased symptoms of depression, anxiety and attention difficulties were also reported by parents, although their extent did not rise to a clinically significant level.ConclusionThe findings from our cohort suggest that the cognitive and psychosocial outcome of patients with MIS-C is generally favorable, although up to 35% may experience specific neuropsychological deficits more than 6 months after diagnosis. The most commonly impaired cognitive domains seem to be attention, executive function and visual memory.AcknowledgementsFunding for this work was provided by the Slovenian Research Agency grant J3-3061 and University Medical Centre grant 20210069. Support was also provided by Dušica Boben and the publisher Center za psihodiagnostična sredstva by providing the local adaptations of psychological assessment tools.Disclosure of InterestsDavid Gosar Speakers bureau: Biogen, Novartis, Mojca Zajc Avramovič: None declared, Nina Emersic: None declared, Mateja Šušterič: None declared, Maja Maša Šömen: None declared, Damjan Osredkar: None declared, Tadej Avcin: None declared
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Farley, Elise, Hussaina Muhammad Bala, Annick Lenglet, Ushma Mehta, Nura Abubakar, Joseph Samuel, Annette de Jong, et al. "‘I treat it but I don’t know what this disease is’: a qualitative study on noma (cancrum oris) and traditional healing in northwest Nigeria." International Health 12, no. 1 (August 24, 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz066.
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Abstract Background Noma, a neglected disease mostly affecting children, with a 90% mortality rate if untreated, is an orofacial gangrene that disintegrates the tissues of the face in <1 wk. Noma can become inactive with early stage antibiotic treatment. Traditional healers, known as mai maganin gargajiya in Hausa, play an important role in the health system and provide care to noma patients. Methods We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with caretakers who were looking after noma patients admitted at the Noma Children's Hospital and 15 traditional healers in their home villages in Sokoto state, northwest Nigeria. We explored perceptions of noma, relationship dynamics, healthcare practices and intervention opportunities. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and translated. Manual coding and thematic analysis were utilised. Results Traditional healers offered specialised forms of care for specific conditions and referral guidance. They viewed the stages of noma as different conditions with individualised remedies and were willing to refer noma patients. Caretakers trusted traditional healers. Conclusions Traditional healers could play a crucial role in the early detection of noma and the health-seeking decision-making process of patients. Intervention programmes should include traditional healers through training and referral partnerships. This collaboration could save lives and reduce the severity of noma complications.
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He, Chaohu, Zhenpeng Huang, and Liaokun Ye. "RESEARCH ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS’ EXERCISE IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 5 (September 2021): 490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0089.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The essence of sustainable development is ecological civilization. The entire modern development, including sports in colleges and universities, is built based on resource conservation, enhanced environmental support capabilities, and a virtuous ecological environment cycle to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Objective: Looking at the development history of sports in Chinese colleges and universities for more than 50 years, there have been many successful experiences in human resource development, and there are also many problems that need to be solved. Methods: The author took 442 people from 4 provinces as the survey object, researched and discussed the evaluation indicators of the sustainable development of sports in colleges and universities. After factor analysis and professional theoretical research, a total of 15 indicators in 5 categories were established: science and technology, moral education, system Standard category, economic, competitive development category, external input category, and the coach training system category that eliminates “inbreeding.” Results: The author found in the research that both sports and non-sports families in China are unwilling to engage in sports and college sports for their children. The main reasons are traditional ideological issues, sports social status issues, and athletes’ education issues. Among them, coaches, the “inbreeding” training system is one of the main reasons that affect the sports talent resources of colleges and universities in China. Conclusions: There can be at least five types of evaluation indicators for the sustainable development of sports in Chinese colleges and universities: science and technology and ethics education, institutional norms, economic and competitive development, external investment, and a coach training system that eliminates inbreeding. The income of sports families is generally lower than that of non-sports families, and their education level is also lower. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Rachmawati, Rachmawati. "Penyelesaian Perkara Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum Menurut Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012." Tadabbur: Jurnal Peradaban Islam 2, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/tadabbur.v2i2.23.
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The repressive juvenile justice paradigm has begun to be abandoned and replaced by the concept of solving a child criminal case with a restorative concept that views all parties, perpetrators, victims, and communities having equal opportunity to resolve conflicts caused by a crime. The restorative concept is in conformity with the conventions agreed upon by countries in the world in the Convention on the rights of the child in 1990 with international instruments including Beijing Rule dated 29 November 1985. The study of the crime against children in Islam has existed before the rule of the child in the ancient conventional low. The objective of punishment in Islam is not only to recognize the retributive objectives as the main objective in criminal prosecution but also to recognize other objectives such as the rehabilitation of the perpetrator and also the restorative between the perpetrator and the victim. Here is the interesting thing that will be studied comprehensively related Maqasid Al Syari’ah in applying restorative justice especially in case of child face to law. See the complexity that accompanied restorative justice in children facing the law, the authors are interested to examine the settlement of lawsuits children in accordance with the law no 11 of 2012 analysis Maqasid Al syari’ah this research is library research, descriptive analysis and analyze data qualitative with inductive method. The approach used is normative juridical, by looking at restorative justice in the penal law of Indonesia, this research aims to know the value of Maqasid Al Syari’ah in process of settlement of child crime case and examining view of Islam law to restorative justice value contained in law no 11 of 2012. After the research, it can be conclude that the application of restorative justice has long been adopted in the Islamic legal system, precisely on qiyas-diyat criminal acts. In the context of children, the application of restorative justice is more accommodated, given the urgency and for the benefit of the child as the nation’s successor. Whereas in viewing restorative justice in the SPPA act indicates the existence of reconciliation effort of forgiveness, correction of relationship, there is also structural responsibility as balancing individual responsibility, all of which obviously accommodated in the purpose of punishment Al-isti’adah.
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Ward, Harriet. "The looking after children package." Child Care in Practice 2, no. 4 (June 1996): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575279608415309.
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Stankovic, Biljana. "Czech family policy." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 167 (2018): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1867457s.
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The paper presents the development and transformation of the Czech population policy since the 1950s. It changed from the pronatalist, carried out at a time when the Czech Republic was part of the communist Czechoslovakia, to mostly social in the time of the transition from the 1990s, and the actualization and introduction of new measures in the last decade. The measures that were defined and implemented over a certain period of time represented the state?s response to the family and reproductive behavior of the population, most often reflected in low fertility, largely determined by the current social, economic and cultural conditions. In this sense, the period of the greatest challenges came after 1989, with the transformation of the social and political system and the great economic and social changes that followed, as well as the decline in fertility to an extremely low level. At that time, family policy excluded the pronatalist incentives and benefits and only kept social measures aimed at reducing poverty and alleviating inequalities. Since the early 2000s, new measures have been defined and implemented, motivated by the need to stop and change the declining fertility trend that reached the lowest level (TFR 1.13 in 1999), by looking at the possible negative socio-economic consequences, as well as the recommendations and directives of the European Union, member of which became Czech Republic in 2004. Since 2000, the decline in fertility stopped, TFR reached 1.43 in 2011 and according to data for 2016, it was 1.63 children per woman.
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SHOHO, Tomoko, and Mika OKABE. "Looking After Children Beyond Institutional Boundaries." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 27, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 6_18–6_21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.27.6_18.
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Barker, Sylvia. "Looking after Children: Good Parenting Outcomes." Adoption & Fostering 19, no. 2 (July 1995): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599501900202.
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Owen, Lloyd, Debbie Jones, and Hilary Corrick. "Implementing Looking After Children in Australia." Children Society 12, no. 3 (June 1998): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1998.tb00074.x.
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Weinstein, Jenny. "looking after children in primary care." Journal of Interprofessional Care 20, no. 3 (January 2006): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13561820600589340.
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Smith, Roger. "Looking after children: research into practice." Children & Society 10, no. 2 (June 1996): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0860(199606)10:2<169::aid-chi20>3.0.co;2-x.
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Ziebold, Christine, Rüdiger von Kries, Robert Lang, Josef Weigl, and Heinz J. Schmitt. "Severe Complications of Varicella in Previously Healthy Children in Germany: A 1-Year Survey." Pediatrics 108, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): e79-e79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.5.e79.
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Objective. Varicella is a common infectious disease, usually benign and self-limited, and complications are believed to be rare. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of severe varicella complications in immunologically healthy children in Germany. Methods. Information on any admission of children with a severe complication associated with chickenpox was solicited throughout 1997 from all 485 pediatric hospitals in Germany using an established surveillance system. The case definition included nonimmunocompromised individuals who were up to 16 years of age and hospitalized with neurologic complications, bacterial superinfections, or hematologic complications. Results. The response rate to the surveillance questionnaire during the observation period was high: 93.4%. Of the 153 reported cases, 119 met the case definition. There was a seasonal distribution of reported complications with a peak in March. The majority of complications occurred in preschool-age children with a maximum age of 4 years. No gender predominance was found with a distribution of 56 female and 63 male patients. Multiple entries for complications were allowed. The most frequent complications were neurologic, which were reported in 73 children (61.3%); cerebellitis was the leading diagnosis (n = 48), followed by encephalitis (n = 22), meningitis (n = 2), and central facial palsy (n = 1). A total of 46 (38.6%) infectious complications were identified. Superinfections of the skin were present in 31 (26.0%), pyogenic arthritis was present in 5 (4.2%), osteomyelitis was present in 4 (3.3%), necrotizing fasciitis was present in 3 (2.5%), orbital cellulitis was present in 2 (1.6%), and pneumonia was present in 1 (0.8%). Streptococcus pyogenes was the leading cause of bacterial infections (18 cases [15.1%]), with invasive disease in 6 patients (8.4%) and linked to 4 of 8 cases with defect healing. Infectious complications were reported in the majority in younger children up to 4 years of age, whereas neurologic complications occurred more frequently in an older age range. Five children experienced thrombocytopenia or severe anemia. There was no bleeding disorder, no fatality, and no case of Reye syndrome reported during the 1-year observation period. In total, 8 (6.7%) of 119 patients reported having long-term sequelae, 6 attributable to infectious complications and 2 to persistent deficits after neurologic complications. Conclusion. This is the first prospective nationwide study of severe complications of varicella in immunologically healthy children. Related to 14 025 867 children up to the age of 16, a crude incidence of severe chickenpox complications of 8.5/100 000 could be calculated. The actual hospitalization rate attributable to complicated chickenpox is probably much higher, because this calculation refers to a population theoretically at risk and not the truly susceptible individuals. The results of this study demonstrate considerable morbidity with a comparatively high rate of encephalitis, osteomyelitis, and pyogenic arthritis. Although infectious complications were present in only 38.6% of the reported cases, they contributed disproportionately to the cases with chronic sequelae. Looking at these cases in more detail, S pyogenesinvolvement was identified as the major risk factor for invasive disease with an unfavorable long-term outcome. varicella-zoster virus, chickenpox/epidemiology, chickenpox/complications, encephalitis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, necrotizing fasciitis, group A β-hemolytic streptococci, Europe.
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Reisner, Andrew, Joshua J. Chern, Karen Walson, Natalie Tillman, Toni Petrillo-Albarano, Eric A. Sribnick, Laura S. Blackwell, Zaev D. Suskin, Chia-Yi Kuan, and Atul Vats. "Introduction of severe traumatic brain injury care protocol is associated with reduction in mortality for pediatric patients: a case study of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta’s neurotrauma program." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 2 (August 2018): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.2.peds17562.
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OBJECTIVEEvidence shows mixed efficacy of applying guidelines for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. A multidisciplinary team at a children’s health system standardized intensive care unit–based TBI care using guidelines and best practices. The authors sought to investigate the impact of guideline implementation on outcomes.METHODSA multidisciplinary group developed a TBI care protocol based on published TBI treatment guidelines and consensus, which was implemented in March 2011. The authors retrospectively compared preimplementation outcomes (May 2009 to March 2011) and postimplementation outcomes (April 2011 to March 2014) among patients < 18 years of age admitted with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8) and potential survivability who underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Measures included mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), ventilator LOS, critical ICP elevation time (percentage or total time that ICP was > 40 mm Hg), and survivor functionality at discharge (measured by the WeeFIM score). Data were analyzed using Student t-tests.RESULTSA total of 71 and 121 patients were included pre- and postimplementation, respectively. Mortality (32% vs 19%; p < 0.001) and length of critical ICP elevation (> 20 mm Hg; 26.3% vs 15%; p = 0.001) decreased after protocol implementation. WeeFIM discharge scores were not statistically different (57.6 vs 58.9; p = 0.9). Hospital LOS (median 19.6 days; p = 0.68) and ventilator LOS (median 10 days; p = 0.24) were unchanged.CONCLUSIONSA multidisciplinary effort to develop, disseminate, and implement an evidence-based TBI treatment protocol at a children’s hospital was associated with improved outcomes, including survival and reduced time of ICP elevation. This type of ICP-based protocol can serve as a guide for other institutions looking to reduce practice disparity in the treatment of severe TBI.
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Thain, John. "Looking after Children in Primary CareLooking after Children in Primary Care." Nursing Standard 19, no. 39 (June 8, 2005): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2005.06.19.39.36.b103.
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Hamilton, Colin, Anna Maw, Andrew Gill, Mita Brahmbhatt, Robert Phaal, and John Pickard. "Paediatric neurorehabilitation: finding and filling the gaps through the use of the Institute for Manufacturing strategic roadmapping method." BMJ Innovations 3, no. 3 (July 2017): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2017-000202.
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IntroductionAcquired brain injury (ABI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Specialist rehabilitation services are often situated far from families and local services may be non-standardised and fragmented. A strategic level of understanding is needed to improve patient care and outcomes. Roadmapping techniques are commonly used in industry settings to discover and present a systematic understanding of structures; however, they are rarely used in the healthcare setting. With continuing pressures on healthcare systems worldwide, they provide an effective method for examining services.MethodsThe Institute for Manufacturing (IfM) strategic roadmapping method was used to identify areas of difficulty and opportunities in paediatric neurorehabilitation. Participants included stakeholders from a wide range of professions and sectors who have input with children after ABI.ResultsDelegates identified a range of ‘layers’ covering trends, drivers, current experience and unmet needs. From these layers, four priorities were identified and further expanded.These included: ‘access to medical and therapy expertise close(r) to home’, ‘shared understanding across family, school and health’, ‘family and professional awareness of resources and support’ and ‘establishing a centre for rehabilitation technology evaluation, advice and co-ordination of services and research’.ConclusionThe IfM strategic roadmapping method identified and developed key areas for development in the field of paediatric neurological rehabilitation. Healthcare professionals looking at strategic level difficulties should strongly consider the use of such systematic tools when evaluating areas of practice.
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Moyers, Sue. "Auditing the implementation of Looking After Children." Children Society 12, no. 3 (June 1998): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1998.tb00073.x.
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Atraškevičienė, Rima, Valentina Aužbikavičė, and Jurgita Balčiūnaitė-Čėsnienė. "PROJECT‘S “GREEN ISLAND“ PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF REALIZATION." Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 23, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/17.23.05.
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For several years pedagogues of Šiauliai nursery-kindergarten “Žiogelis” are paying attention to the children’s ecological education and its’ improvement in order to develop child’s love to nature, sense of responsibility and form valuable regulations. The children are trained to an active activity, i.e. notice the changes in the nearby environment, learn to analyse the accessible eco-systems, and try to search for the ways and methods of solution. The general ideas of the “Green Island” are: children’s introduction with the specifics of various activities in the garden, conditions of growing of the plants and monitoring it’ changes during various seasons; the importance of people’s activity in order to grow something, general constructive children-parent-pedagogue activity, strengthening of interrelations, positive emotions, gathering of various experience and education of ecological consciousness of the children. The purpose of the “Green Island” is to promote cognitive and experiential activity to the children in a natural environment of the kindergarten in order to develop their basics of ecological culture while forming positive attitude towards himself/herself, environment, and nature so that the children would care about the environmental protection now and in the future, as well as form their valuable regulations. Being in a nature as a part of a daily life is very important to a complete development of a child. Children become enthusiastic naturalists when they are drawn into the practical activity, when they a monitor the growth of a plant from the smallest seed. They have a possibility to observe the growth, blossom and ripen of their plants. When the children become responsible for their own plants they gain unique knowledge about the cycle of the plants, they start to understand the law of nature and this experience gives them a lot of pleasure. Based on a long-term experience of the institution while organising and performing cognitive and practical children’s activity in a non-traditional space, i.e. the “Green Island” we have noticed several things and we can state that children’s encouragement of cognitive and practical activities in a natural environment of a kindergarten while trying to educate basics of ecological culture forms positive attitude towards himself/herself, environment and nature now and in the future. Successful organisation and development of ecological – environmental education and health strengthening is determined by favourable means and conditions to this education that directly turn on and encourage child’s activity in the nature, nearby environment (monitor, observe, experiment, clean, cherish, create, rest, move, take care of nature); initiates knowledge and skills of environment protection; develops working skills; forms cultural – hygienic skills; forms social skills. Children’s working powers and skills are formed when pedagogues pay attention to the children’s age, needs and experience, when they help in a creative and purposeful manner. The feeling of sociality was revealed when the children started looking after not only their own plants, but also when they watered their friends’ plants. Health is improved and strengthened by good working-healthy-tasty links. Keywords: education, garden, practical activities outdoors, non-traditional spaces.
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Carr, Cara E., Nikita Goel, Nori Minich, Steven L. Shein, and Jignesh Dalal. "Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization of Children with Mucopolysaccharidosis with and without Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-157.
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Abstract Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS-I) is a lysosomal storage disease resulting in progressive multisystem involvement and ultimately death at a young age. Since 1980, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been used to treat MPS-I and stabilize cognitive impairment. However, little is known regarding overall outcomes and healthcare utilization of HSCT compared to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) versus other supportive treatments. Method: We utilized the Pediatric Health Information System, a validated multi-institutional pediatric and adolescent database from 45 individual pediatric institutions, to identify and analyze patients diagnosed with MPS-I between 2005 and 2017. A retrospective analysis was performed to examine outcomes and healthcare utilization between three cohorts: patients who received HSCT at less than one year old, patients who received HSCT at greater than one year old, and patients who did not receive HSCT. Results: In the largest reported cohort of 1,053 patients identified with MPS-I, approximately 15% received HSCT while others received ERT alone or supportive treatments. Approximately 23% of patients received HSCT at less than one year of age with the remainder of patients received HSCT at greater than one year of age (Table 1). There was no difference in incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GHVD) (p=0.980) between the younger (25.0%) and older (25.2%) transplant cohorts. In our sample, 12.2% of patients who received HSCT after one year of age were diagnosed with chronic GVHD in comparison to 5.6% of the younger cohort (p=0.364). There was no difference in likelihood of ICU admission when comparing non-HSCT management (53.9%) to both the younger (52.8%) and older (61.0%) HSCT cohorts (p=0.899, p=0.138 respectively). In both transplant cohorts the greatest likelihood of ICU admissions occurred during the first year post-transplant, after which the rate plateaued (see Figure 1). Infection was the most common reason for hospital admission among all patients, with severe infection being more common in both the younger HSCT cohort (OR 2.58, CI 1.32-5.04) and older HSCT cohort (OR 2.38, CI 1.62-3.49) when compared to non-HSCT management. When analyzing mortality between all cohorts, non-HSCT patients had a lower rate of mortality compared to patients who received HSCT at an older age (OR 3.50, CI 2.00-6.14). However, we found no difference in mortality between non-HSCT patients and HSCT at less than one year old (p=0.426). Approximately 50% of HSCT patients received ERT; we found no difference in overall survival between patients who received ERT and those who did not (p=0.796). Figure 2 shows the trend of MPS-I patients' first presentation to the hospital plotted alongside the incidence of HSCT in our sample between 2005 and 2017. When looking at the incidence of HSCT in relation to new presentations of MPS-I, a higher proportion of patients received HSCT during 2012-2017 (18.9%) as compared to 2005-2011 (12.6%) (p=0.005). Conclusion: When considering HSCT as treatment for MPS-I, HSCT at a younger age is associated with increased overall survival. This study found that ERT in addition to HSCT had no effect on overall mortality. The lack of difference between transplant and non-transplant ICU admissions indicates that HSCT does not significantly contribute to overall ICU admissions. Likelihood of ICU admission plateaus after one year, regardless of age at transplant. Infection is the most common reason for hospital admission for all patients with MPS-I diagnosis, however severe infection is more common among HSCT patients when compared to non-HSCT patients. First presentations to hospitals have down trended over the past several years while the number of HSCT each year has remained relatively stable, resulting in an increased proportion of HSCT incidence to new MPS-I presentations in hospital settings. One possible explanation is the recent implementation of newborn screening, which provides earlier detection of the disease. This may allow outpatient management at a young age and potentially avoid MPS-I manifestations resulting in hospital admissions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hammond, Simon P., and Neil Cooper. "From looked after children to looking after children: Insight from an unusual perspective." International Social Work 54, no. 2 (June 24, 2010): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872810364754.
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