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Journal articles on the topic 'Lonic liquids'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Zheng, Ju Gong, and Ting Yang. "Microwave Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanostructures in Lonic Liquids." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.127.

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The dry chemical method is developed to fabricate CuO nanostructures via microwave assisted irradiation in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-ethyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]). Both nanoparticles (20 nm in size) and nanorods (10-20 nm in diameter and 100-200 nm in length) of monoclinic CuO were obtained. The as samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, SADE. The morphologies of the nanostructures can be controlled by the amount-tuning of NaOH and ionic liquids. The growth mechanism of CuO nanostructures is investigated.

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2

Zhou, Ningning, Liancheng Yang, Yuehan Wang, and Yunlong Ding. "N-butyl oleate catalyzed- synthesized by triethylamine citrate lonic liquid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2321, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2321/1/012022.

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Abstract Ionic liquids have many unique physical and chemical properties and are attracting more and more attention. They are considered to be a new type of green solvent that can replace traditional organic solvents and are environmentally friendly. They have attractive application prospects in many fields. The triethylamine citrate ionic liquid was used as a catalyst to catalyze-esterificate-synthesis n-butyl oleate with oleic acid and n-butanol. Research on the preparation, optimization and the reacted process of n-butyl oleate of the new catalyst were conducted. Experimental analysis shows triethylamine and citric acid reacted under certain conditions achieved the preparations of the catalyst(triethylamine citrate: citric acid=3.5:1, 1h, 40 °C), and then n-butanol oleate was synthesized according with follows conditions(oleic acid: n-butanol=1:1, 3h, 140°C, catalyst dosage:10%), the esterified rate was reached about 60%. In contrast, the reacted conditions of preparing catalyst followed that (triethylamine citrate: citric acid=3:1, 1h, 8°C), and then n-butanol oleate was synthesized according with follows conditions(oleic acid : n-butanol=1:1, 3h, 140°C, catalyst dosage:10%), the esterified rate was reached above 92%. Meanwhile, the new catalyst of triethylamine citrate ionic liquid can be recycled, zero pollution, simple production process, high catalytic yield, can avoid effectively strong corrosion from catalyst to devices, not easy to save and high volatility etc. unfavorable factors and based on above esterification rate of n-butyl oleate was improved effectively. Due to the unique properties of ionic liquids, it is widely used in various fields of chemical research. Ionic liquids have been used as reaction solvents in many types of reactions.

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3

KOWALCZYK, KRZYSZTOF, and TADEUSZ SPYCHAJ. "lonic liquids as conyenient latent hardeners of epoxy resins." Polimery 48, no. 11/12 (November 2003): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2003.833.

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4

Flemming, Anke, Martina Hoffmann, and Martin Köckerling. "Tetracyanidoborates with Sterically Demanding Phosphonium Cations - Thermally Resistant lonic Liquids." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 636, no. 3-4 (March 2010): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200900469.

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5

Zheng, Jinzhu, Yulia Polyakova, and Kyung Ho Row. "Retention factors and resolutions of amino benzoic acid isomers with some lonic liquids." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 11, no. 6 (December 2006): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02932070.

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6

Lv, Zhiguo, Yongfei Jiang, Chao Zhou, Zhenmei Guo, Xiuling Ma, Qiang Chen, Tao Nie, and Hongbing Song. "Synthesis and evaluation of stable, efficient, and recyclable carbonylation catalysts: Polyether-substituted lmidazolium carbonyl cobalt lonic liquids." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 415 (May 2016): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2016.01.015.

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7

Zhao, Guanglei, Xiongfei Lang, Fengli Wang, Junrong Li, and Xiaofeng Li. "A one-pot method for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of chitosan palmitate in mixed lonic liquids and its characterization." Biochemical Engineering Journal 126 (October 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.026.

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8

Park, Suk-Chan, Woo-Jin Chang, Sang-Mok Lee, Young-Jun Kim, and Yoon-Mo Koo. "Lipase-catalyzed transesterification in several reaction systems: An application of room temperature lonic liquids for bi-phasic production ofn-butyl acetate." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 10, no. 1 (February 2005): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02931190.

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9

Wang, Liang, Hong Zhu, and Yongsheng Yan. "Measurement and Correlation of the Phase Diagram Data for 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dimethyl phosphate+K3PO4/ K2HPO4/K2CO3+H2O lonic Liquids Aqueous Two-Phase Systems atT＝298.15 K." Acta Chimica Sinica 70, no. 06 (2012): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a1107222.

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10

Aung, Thae Thae Ei, and Zar Chi Soe. "Liquid Flow Control by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 2190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18263.

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11

Weiss, Peter. "Liquid Logic." Science News 162, no. 13 (September 28, 2002): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4013675.

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12

Al Tahtawi, Adnan Rafi, and Robi Kurniawan. "PH control for deep flow technique hydroponic IoT systems based on fuzzy logic controller." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 8, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13822.

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In hydroponic cultivation sites, pH control is still carried manually by checking the pH level with a pH meter and providing a pH balancing liquid manually. This study aims to design an automatic pH control system in the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) hydroponic system that uses the Internet of Things (IoT) based Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The SKU SEN0161 sensor detects the pH value as FLC inputs in an error value and its changes. These inputs are processed using Mamdani FLC embedded in the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The FLC produces an output in a pH liquid feeding duration using the peristaltic pump. The results showed that FLC could maintain the pH value according to the set point with a settling time of less than 50 seconds, both with disturbance by adding pH liquid and without disturbance. The pH value can also be displayed on the website interface system as a monitoring system.

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13

Veisi, Aryan, Mohammad Hossein Shahsavari, Gholam Hossein Roshani, Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh, and Ehsan Nazemi. "Experimental Study of Void Fraction Measurement Using a Capacitance-Based Sensor and ANN in Two-Phase Annular Regimes for Different Fluids." Axioms 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12010066.

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One of the most severe problems in power plants, petroleum and petrochemical industries is the accurate determination of phase fractions in two-phase flows. In this paper, we carried out experimental investigations to validate the simulations for water–air, two-phase flow in an annular pattern. To this end, we performed finite element simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics, conducted experimental investigations in concave electrode shape and, finally, compared both results. Our experimental set-up was constructed for water–air, two-phase flow in a vertical tube. Afterwards, the simulated models in the water–air condition were validated against the measurements. Our results show a relatively low relative error between the simulation and experiment indicating the validation of our simulations. Finally, we designed an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model in order to predict the void fractions in any two-phase flow consisting of petroleum products as the liquid phase in pipelines. In this regard, we simulated a range of various liquid–gas, two-phase flows including crude oil, oil, diesel fuel, gasoline and water using the validated simulation. We developed our ANN model by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network in MATLAB 9.12.0.188 software. The input parameters of the MLP model were set to the capacitance of the sensor and the liquid phase material, whereas the output parameter was set to the void fraction. The void fraction was predicted with an error of less than 2% for different liquids via our proposed methodology. Using the presented novel metering system, the void fraction of any annular two-phase flow with different liquids can be precisely measured.

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14

Ilyas, Muhammad, Syed Ali Raza Shah, Arshad Rauf, Yousaf Khalil, and Muhammad Ayaz. "Stabilization of liquid level in a tank system based on fuzzy logic controller." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v11i4.pp315-323.

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<p>Process industry needed a fast executed automatic control system capable of handling uncertain, vague problems and nonlinear control variables. Liquid level control is one of the emerging control problems getting the interest of technical experts in the area of control. This paper is based on a fuzzy logic control strategy to maintain and stabilize the liquid level in a tank system that deals with pumping of liquid in tanks as well as regulating liquid level and pushing off the liquid into another tank. Fuzzy controller attains optimum performance by eliminating perturbation in steady state and vanishing the overshoot as compared to proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller. The proposed fuzzy logic controller shows minimal steady error as compared to PID controller. The defuzzification of the proposed scheme is based on the centroid method to obtain optimum results. The settling time is nearly 50 second while using fuzzy logic control as compared to 80 seconds in PID control strategy. The overshoot observed is minimal, nearly less than 1% using a fuzzy logic control scheme.</p>

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15

Li, Dong-Dong, Tian-Ying Liu, Jiao Ye, Lei Sheng, and Jing Liu. "Liquid Metal‐Enabled Soft Logic Devices." Advanced Intelligent Systems 3, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 2000246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000246.

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16

Garrad, Martin, Hsing-Yu Chen, Andrew T. Conn, Helmut Hauser, and Jonathan Rossiter. "Liquid Metal Logic for Soft Robotics." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 2 (April 2021): 4095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3068118.

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17

Kishor, Muchenedi Hari, and M. L. N. Madhu Mohan. "Comprehension of logic gates through liquid crystals." Optik 223 (December 2020): 165611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165611.

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18

Bichevin, V., and H. Käämbre. "THERMOEXOEMISSION (TEE) FROM lONIC CRYSTALS X-RAYED AT LIQUID HELIUM TEMPERATURE." Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Physics. Mathematics 36, no. 2 (1987): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/phys.math.1987.2.11.

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19

Vaher, M., M. Koel, and M. Kaljurand. "Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis in acetonitrile using lonic-liquid buffer electrolytes." Chromatographia 53, S1 (January 2001): S302—S306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02490346.

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20

Siskind, J. M. "Grounding the Lexical Semantics of Verbs in Visual Perception using Force Dynamics and Event Logic." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 15 (August 1, 2001): 31–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.790.

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This paper presents an implemented system for recognizing the occurrence of events described by simple spatial-motion verbs in short image sequences. The semantics of these verbs is specified with event-logic expressions that describe changes in the state of force-dynamic relations between the participants of the event. An efficient finite representation is introduced for the infinite sets of intervals that occur when describing liquid and semi-liquid events. Additionally, an efficient procedure using this representation is presented for inferring occurrences of compound events, described with event-logic expressions, from occurrences of primitive events. Using force dynamics and event logic to specify the lexical semantics of events allows the system to be more robust than prior systems based on motion profile.

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21

Cho, Sungwoo, and Kyoungdoug Min. "Injector control logic for a liquid-phase liquid petroleum gas injection engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 218, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440704322829182.

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22

Khan, Altaf H., and Umid R. Nejib. "Optical logic gates employing liquid crystal optical switches." Applied Optics 26, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.000270.

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23

Zhou, Bingpu, Limu Wang, Shunbo Li, Xiang Wang, Yu Sanna Hui, and Weijia Wen. "Universal logic gates via liquid-electronic hybrid divider." Lab on a Chip 12, no. 24 (2012): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2lc40840f.

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24

Jiddi, Vinod. "AUTOMATIC LIQUID FILLING USING PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER(PLC)." International Journal of Recent Advancement in Engineering & Research 3, no. 7 (July 22, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24128/ijraer.2017.no01ab.

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25

Shah, I., and K. Rajamani. "Fuzzy logic controller: Application to liquid-level system." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 5, no. 4 (November 1988): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402508.

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26

Moir, Ralph W. "The logic behind thick, liquid-walled, fusion concepts." Fusion Engineering and Design 29 (March 1995): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(95)80003-g.

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27

Kifayat Mammadova, Matanat Hasanquliyeva, Kifayat Mammadova, Matanat Hasanquliyeva. "ALGORITHMS OF LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLERS." Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus 58, no. 01 (February 4, 2024): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/cesajsc58012024-12.

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The proposed synthesis algorithm for a fuzzy – logical proportional – differential (Fuzzy PD) controller is a simple and allows using a standard form of description of linguistic variables and a minimum set of control rules (with number of three or five rules). One of the successful applications that used fuzzy control is liquid tank level control. The purpose of the proposed synthesis algorithm is to design a simulation system of fuzzy logic controller for liquid tank level control by using simulation package which is Fuzzy Logic Toolbox and Simulink in MatLab software. By doing some modification of this algorithm, the design will be very useful for the system relates to liquid level control that widely used in industry nowadays. The influence of its barbecues on the process obtained by synthesis with a PD controller is shown. It became clear that by selecting coefficients, we could get high-speed transitions and the required quality without extreme settings. It was not possible to obtain the required process using a fuzzy controller of 3 rules. This is because the price of the derivative, that is, the rate of change in the liquid level in the tank, is not taken into account. This was taken into account in the fuzzy controller and a time adjustment of no more than 10 seconds was obtained. Fuzzy controller of 5 rules and copy of PD-controller - normalization of input and output gave close results in terms of quality and accuracy. Keywords: controller, fuzzy logic controller, linguistic rules, fuzzification, defuzzification, liquid tank, toolbox, Simulink, PD – controller, overshoot, steading.

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28

Bostyn, S. "An Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Supervised by an Industrial Programmable Logic Controller." Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535(04)00115-7.

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29

Bostyn, S., J. Gaucher, G. Christophe, R. Soukehal, and C. Porte. "An Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Supervised by an Industrial Programmable Logic Controller." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, no. 1 (February 2001): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00115-7.

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In the case of development of new products in organic synthesis, the final step of the process must offer the best purity. In this way, the final step is a unit operation of isolation like distillation, crystallisation or liquid-liquid extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a module of purification on an automated platform for achieving the whole process. In our case, an automated platform was based on Zymark architecture allowing us to automate sample preparation and the reaction steps. For the purification module, we opted to develop our own home module: a liquid-liquid extraction module. This unit operation permits us to separate the final product in the case of peptide synthesis in liquid phase, but equally, in the case of isolation of vegetable molecules. The module capacities had to permit the multistage extraction and the determination of the binodal curve for optimising the process, and to possess in our own system for liberating the Zymark robot for other tasks. The operator interface is developed by using a SCADA (supervisory control).

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30

Wu, Ai Ping, He Ping Pan, and Yong Hua Li. "The Design of Liquid Level Detection System for Oil Tank." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2443.

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The basic principle of liquid level measurement with capacitive sensor is described. According to differences in dielectric constant between oil and water, a liquid level detection system for oil tank is designed. The system includes capacitive sensor, signal processing circuit, FPGA logic circuit and the software of computer. Results show that the system has characteristics of easy operation, high precision. It can detect the change of liquid level accurately and effectively.

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31

Mudia, Halim. "Comparative Study of Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type Fuzzy Inference Systems for Coupled Water Tank." Indonesian Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ijaidm.v3i1.9309.

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The level and flow control in tanks are the heart of all chemical engineering system. The control of liquid level in tanks and flow between tanks is a basic problem in the process industries. Many times the liquids will be processed by chemical or mixing treatment in the tanks, but always the level of fluid in the tanks must be controlled and the flow between tanks must be regulated in presence of non-linearity. Threfore, in this paper will use fuzzy inference systems to control of level 2 are developed using Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type fuzzy models. The outcome obtained by two fuzzy inference systems is evaluated. This paper summarizes the essential variation among the Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type fuzzy inference systems with setpoint of level is 10 centimeter. Matlab fuzzy logic toolbox is used for the simulation of both the models. This also confirms which one is a superior choice of the two fuzzy inference systems to control of level 2 in tank 2. The results show madani-type fuzzy inference system is superior as compared to sugeno-type fuzzy inference system.

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32

Mataram, I. Made, and I. Ketut Wijaya. "Design of Liquid Waste Aerator Control Based on Fuzzy Logic." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 3, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2019.v03.i02.p04.

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Liquid waste is the result of liquid production which is no longer used, so it must be processed and managed so as not to cause pollution and decrease in environmental quality. The biological wastewater treatment system can use the services of decomposing bacteria. This performance is greatly influenced by several factors, including the amount of waste water, the level of impurities, the availability of oxygen (O2), the type of dirt and so on. Parameters used as standard control of BOD and COD liquid waste standards meet the standards. An aerator in the form of an air pump is used to disperse high-pressure air in liquid waste containing oxygen in the process of aeration effluence, so that when air rises to the surface of the water oxygen binding will occur. The operation of the aerator is generally done manually, so that there is a waste of use of electrical energy. This paper discusses the design of an aerator operating control system on waste quality standards using one input fuzzy logic controller and one output. The main component of the hardware is the Uno type Arduino microcontroller used, with the sensor input in the form of COD and output in the form of long working hours of the aerator. The results obtained indicate that the control device is able to reduce the use of electrical energy by 31.03% and can work well based on the value of small deviations and controls capable of working at a set point of 6-10 hours.

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33

Balochian, Saeed, and Eshagh Ebrahimi. "Parameter Optimization via Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm of Fuzzy Controller for Liquid Level Control." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/982354.

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Cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) is one of the latest evolutionary algorithms. Finding the best optimal point, rapid convergence, and simplicity in determining algorithm parameters are some merits of COA. In this paper, COA is applied to tuning optimal fuzzy parameters for Sugeno-type fuzzy logic controllers (S-FLCs) which are used for liquid level control. A programmable logic controller (PLC) is used with fuzzy controller. For this purpose, a liquid level control set and PLC have been assembled together. MATLAB/Simulink program has been used to achieve the optimal parameters of the membership functions. The results show clearly that the optimized FLC using COA has better performance compared to manually adjustments of the system parameters for different datasets.

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34

Raja, S., and N. P. Ananthamoorthy. "Evaluation of Newly Developed Liquid Level Process with PD and PID Controller without Altering Material Characteristics." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v24i3.a10.

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This article explains the design of fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) for level processes which is generally used in numerous control operations. The main purpose of the proposed design is to maintain the liquid level in the tank at the desired level. In this paper, the fuzzy logic controller is chosen as the controller for the level process because of its fault tolerance, knowledge representation, expertise, non-linearity, uncertainty, and real-time manipulation. Fuzzy logic controllers have been developed and compared in the Mamdani version. Performance on proportional derivatives (PD) and proportional-integral-derivatives (PID) controllers. Whereas traditional PD and PID controllers are simple, dependable and eliminate steady-state errors, fuzzy logic controllers are rule-based systems that are a logical model of human behavior in processes of the proposed design. The response is provided as follows: The LabVIEW software has been validated. It is used to simulate the proposed system. Comparing error indicators such as PD controller, PID controller, fuzzy logic controller integral absolute error, integral quadratic error, time and absolute error integral, time and quadratic error integral, fuzzy logic controller is observed from the simulation results. increase. It offers better performance than other controllers.

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35

Takahashi, Taiju, Hirokazu Furue, Tomohiro Miyama, Tomo-o. Yamashita, and Shunsuke Kobayashi. "New Optical Logic Gates using Liquid Crystal Optical Diodes." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, Part 1, No. 11 (November 15, 1999): 6385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.38.6385.

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36

Yu, Francis T. S., Don A. Gregory, and Suganda Jutamulia. "Optical parallel logic gates using inexpensive liquid-crystal televisions." Optics Letters 12, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.12.001050.

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37

Thakur, Ashish Singh, Himmat Singh, and Sulochana Wadhwani. "Designing of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Liquid Level Controlling." International Journal of u- and e-Service, Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2015.8.6.26.

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38

Yu, Francis T. S., Yong Jin, and Chenhua Zhang. "symbolic logic processor using cascaded liquid crystal televisions (LCTVs)." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 2, no. 9 (September 1989): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650020902.

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39

Neny, Ferdianita, Her Gumiwang Ariswati, and Tri Bowo Indrato. "Tissue Processor Based PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v1i1.5.

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Tissue Processor Tissue Processor consists of consists of several stages of dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration.Phase dehydration to remove water content in tissues by immersion into alcohol. Clearing stage is the process of pulling out the alcohol content in the network by using a liquid xylol. Paraffin infiltration stages is the stage of filling cavities with liquid paraffin tissue. The purpose of this research is to modify the equipment that had broken before became an useful equipment that use basic controlled PLC. This modification tool-making using the "one-group posttest design" by treatment of the instrument without first measuring the initial state, the results of treatment directly measured without comparison to a control group. Making the modification tool using PLC as the main controller throughout the series. The tool mechanical motion using DC motors and AC motors as well as the use of two sensors limit switch as the controller limits the motor movement. Based on the results obtained temperature measurement error with the largest value of 4.44% in paraffin heater tube 1 and the biggest error of 4.0% in paraffin heater tube 2. While the measurement time of each - each tube obtained the smallest error on the tube-to-one by 0 , 03%, and the biggest error of measurement contained in the tube to the fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth of 0.16%.

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40

Adamatzky, Andrew. "A brief history of liquid computers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1774 (April 22, 2019): 20180372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0372.

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A substrate does not have to be solid to compute. It is possible to make a computer purely from a liquid. I demonstrate this using a variety of experimental prototypes where a liquid carries signals, actuates mechanical computing devices and hosts chemical reactions. We show hydraulic mathematical machines that compute functions based on mass transfer analogies. I discuss several prototypes of computing devices that employ fluid flows and jets. They are fluid mappers, where the fluid flow explores a geometrically constrained space to find an optimal way around, e.g. the shortest path in a maze, and fluid logic devices where fluid jet streams interact at the junctions of inlets and results of the computation are represented by fluid jets at selected outlets. Fluid mappers and fluidic logic devices compute continuously valued functions albeit discretized. There is also an opportunity to do discrete operation directly by representing information by droplets and liquid marbles (droplets coated by hydrophobic powder). There, computation is implemented at the sites, in time and space, where droplets collide one with another. The liquid computers mentioned above use liquid as signal carrier or actuator: the exact nature of the liquid is not that important. What is inside the liquid becomes crucial when reaction–diffusion liquid-phase computing devices come into play: there, the liquid hosts families of chemical species that interact with each other in a massive-parallel fashion. I shall illustrate a range of computational tasks, including computational geometry, implementable by excitation wave fronts in nonlinear active chemical medium. The overview will enable scientists and engineers to understand how vast is the variety of liquid computers and will inspire them to design their own experimental laboratory prototypes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Liquid brains, solid brains: How distributed cognitive architectures process information’.

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41

Lotti, Laura. "Contemporary art, capitalization and the blockchain: On the autonomy and automation of art’s value." Finance and Society 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v2i2.1724.

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This article addresses contemporary art as a means to investigate how, and to what extent, financial logic impacts upon the socio-cultural sphere. Its contribution is twofold: on the one hand, the article shows that contemporary art’s valuation practices increasingly reflect the logic of capitalization; on the other hand, it assesses the emancipatory potential of blockchain technology for the cultural sphere. In relation to the latter I argue that, in spite of the technological novelty of blockchain-based art projects, these nonetheless fail to challenge a received logic of finance. This exposes the limitations to technological determinism as a means of countering financial power in the socio-cultural sphere, and points to new problems for art’s valuation methods in relation to the liquid logic of algorithmic finance.

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Hashim, Yasir, Marwa Awni, and Abdullah Mufeed. "Arduino based 74-series integrated circuits testing system at gate level." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2023): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp4950-4957.

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<span lang="EN-US">The goal of this research article is to build and implement a low-cost, user-friendly 74-series logic integrated circuits (ICs) tester that is independent of a computer. Depending on the truth table of the gates and the IC configuration, the logic IC tester will be able to test the operation of the 74 series logic gates (AND, OR, NOR, NAND, XOR) of those ICs. It is feasible to test a range of logic ICs with higher pin widths thanks to the proposed system’s usage of an Arduino Mega platform module as a microcontroller, which provides the ability to connect 54 programmed logic inputs or outputs. The versatility offered by this design and the use of a personal computer allow for the reprograming and updating of the logic IC functional tester. Any 74-series ICs testing outcome will be shown on liquid crystal display (LCD) at the gate level. The logic IC functional tester was successfully constructed and operates flawlessly.</span>

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Mu, Wenjing, Zhen Ji, Musen Zhou, Jianzhong Wu, Yiyang Lin, and Yan Qiao. "Membrane-confined liquid-liquid phase separation toward artificial organelles." Science Advances 7, no. 22 (May 2021): eabf9000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9000.

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As the basic unit of life, cells are compartmentalized microreactors with molecularly crowded microenvironments. The quest to understand the cell origin inspires the design of synthetic analogs to mimic their functionality and structural complexity. In this work, we integrate membraneless coacervate microdroplets, a prototype of artificial organelles, into a proteinosome to build hierarchical protocells that may serve as a more realistic model of cellular organization. The protocell subcompartments can sense extracellular signals, take actions in response to these stimuli, and adapt their physicochemical behaviors. The tiered protocells are also capable of enriching biomolecular reactants within the confined organelles, thereby accelerating enzymatic reactions. The ability of signal processing inside protocells allows us to design the Boolean logic gates (NOR and NAND) using biochemical inputs. Our results highlight possible exploration of protocell-community signaling and render a flexible synthetic platform to study complex metabolic reaction networks and embodied chemical computation.

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Nakamatsu, Kazumi. "Pipeline Valve Control Based on EVALPSN Safety Verification." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, no. 5 (September 20, 2006): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0647.

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We have developed an annotated logic program called an Extended Vector Annotated Logic Program with Strong Negation (abbr. EVALPSN), which can deal with defeasible deontic reasoning and contradiction. We have already applied EVALPSN to safety verification and control such as railway interlocking safety verification. In this paper, we show how to apply EVALPSN to pipeline valve control with an example for brewery pipeline valve control. The safety verification control is based on EVALPSN programming to avoid unexpected mix of different sorts of liquid.

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Moritake, Hiroshi, Akira Tagawa, Masanori Ozaki, and Katsumi Yoshino. "Optical Logic Element Using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal with Electrical Feedback." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, Part 1, No. 9B (September 30, 1991): 2373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.30.2373.

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Handschy, M. A., K. M. Johnson, W. T. Cathey, and L. A. Pagano-Stauffer. "Polarization-based optical parallel logic gate utilizing ferroelectric liquid crystals." Optics Letters 12, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.12.000611.

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Bulthaup, Colin A., Eric J. Wilhelm, Brian N. Hubert, Brent A. Ridley, and Joseph M. Jacobson. "All-additive fabrication of inorganic logic elements by liquid embossing." Applied Physics Letters 79, no. 10 (September 3, 2001): 1525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1383269.

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Nguyen, Transon V., Philip N. Duncan, Siavash Ahrar, and Elliot E. Hui. "Semi-autonomous liquid handling via on-chip pneumatic digital logic." Lab on a Chip 12, no. 20 (2012): 3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2lc40466d.

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Sierakowski, Marek, and Miroslaw A. Karpierz. "Application of Optical Nonlinearity in Liquid Crystals to Optical Logic." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 251, no. 1 (July 1994): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259408027216.

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Lee, Seung Won, Jihye Jang, Yeonji Kim, Seokyeong Lee, Kyuho Lee, Hyowon Han, Hyeokjung Lee, et al. "Intrinsically stretchable ionoelastomer junction logic gate synchronously deformable with liquid metal." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 4 (December 2022): 041404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104765.

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Liquid-free ionic conductors, known as ionoelastomers, are of great interest because of their potential for developing reliable and resilient ionic devices with elastic mechanical properties. This study presents an intrinsically stretchable diode consisting of a highly stretchable ionoelastomer bilayer vertically stacked with liquid metal electrodes. The bilayer contains two types of ionoelastomer networks: one containing fixed anions with mobile cations and one containing fixed cations with mobile anions. Both ionoelastomers use 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate to provide high stretchability. The junction between the two ionoelastomers creates a diode with excellent non-Faradaic ionic current rectification. The voltage-dependent modulation of the ionic double layer at the interface between the two ionoelastomers provides the rectification. The elastic diode works under cyclic loading to a uniaxial stretch ratio of 6 (strain of 500%), allowing the development of a highly stretchable ionic OR logic gate.

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