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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lonic liquids

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Academic literature on the topic 'Lonic liquids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lonic liquids"

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Zheng, Ju Gong, and Ting Yang. "Microwave Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanostructures in Lonic Liquids." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.127.

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The dry chemical method is developed to fabricate CuO nanostructures via microwave assisted irradiation in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-ethyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]). Both nanoparticles (20 nm in size) and nanorods (10-20 nm in diameter and 100-200 nm in length) of monoclinic CuO were obtained. The as samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, SADE. The morphologies of the nanostructures can be controlled by the amount-tuning of NaOH and ionic liquids. The growth mechanism of CuO nanostructures is investigated.

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Zhou, Ningning, Liancheng Yang, Yuehan Wang, and Yunlong Ding. "N-butyl oleate catalyzed- synthesized by triethylamine citrate lonic liquid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2321, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2321/1/012022.

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Abstract Ionic liquids have many unique physical and chemical properties and are attracting more and more attention. They are considered to be a new type of green solvent that can replace traditional organic solvents and are environmentally friendly. They have attractive application prospects in many fields. The triethylamine citrate ionic liquid was used as a catalyst to catalyze-esterificate-synthesis n-butyl oleate with oleic acid and n-butanol. Research on the preparation, optimization and the reacted process of n-butyl oleate of the new catalyst were conducted. Experimental analysis shows triethylamine and citric acid reacted under certain conditions achieved the preparations of the catalyst(triethylamine citrate: citric acid=3.5:1, 1h, 40 °C), and then n-butanol oleate was synthesized according with follows conditions(oleic acid: n-butanol=1:1, 3h, 140°C, catalyst dosage:10%), the esterified rate was reached about 60%. In contrast, the reacted conditions of preparing catalyst followed that (triethylamine citrate: citric acid=3:1, 1h, 8°C), and then n-butanol oleate was synthesized according with follows conditions(oleic acid : n-butanol=1:1, 3h, 140°C, catalyst dosage:10%), the esterified rate was reached above 92%. Meanwhile, the new catalyst of triethylamine citrate ionic liquid can be recycled, zero pollution, simple production process, high catalytic yield, can avoid effectively strong corrosion from catalyst to devices, not easy to save and high volatility etc. unfavorable factors and based on above esterification rate of n-butyl oleate was improved effectively. Due to the unique properties of ionic liquids, it is widely used in various fields of chemical research. Ionic liquids have been used as reaction solvents in many types of reactions.

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KOWALCZYK, KRZYSZTOF, and TADEUSZ SPYCHAJ. "lonic liquids as conyenient latent hardeners of epoxy resins." Polimery 48, no. 11/12 (November 2003): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2003.833.

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Flemming, Anke, Martina Hoffmann, and Martin Köckerling. "Tetracyanidoborates with Sterically Demanding Phosphonium Cations - Thermally Resistant lonic Liquids." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 636, no. 3-4 (March 2010): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200900469.

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Zheng, Jinzhu, Yulia Polyakova, and Kyung Ho Row. "Retention factors and resolutions of amino benzoic acid isomers with some lonic liquids." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 11, no. 6 (December 2006): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02932070.

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Lv, Zhiguo, Yongfei Jiang, Chao Zhou, Zhenmei Guo, Xiuling Ma, Qiang Chen, Tao Nie, and Hongbing Song. "Synthesis and evaluation of stable, efficient, and recyclable carbonylation catalysts: Polyether-substituted lmidazolium carbonyl cobalt lonic liquids." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 415 (May 2016): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2016.01.015.

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Zhao, Guanglei, Xiongfei Lang, Fengli Wang, Junrong Li, and Xiaofeng Li. "A one-pot method for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of chitosan palmitate in mixed lonic liquids and its characterization." Biochemical Engineering Journal 126 (October 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.026.

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Park, Suk-Chan, Woo-Jin Chang, Sang-Mok Lee, Young-Jun Kim, and Yoon-Mo Koo. "Lipase-catalyzed transesterification in several reaction systems: An application of room temperature lonic liquids for bi-phasic production ofn-butyl acetate." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 10, no. 1 (February 2005): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02931190.

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Wang, Liang, Hong Zhu, and Yongsheng Yan. "Measurement and Correlation of the Phase Diagram Data for 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dimethyl phosphate+K3PO4/ K2HPO4/K2CO3+H2O lonic Liquids Aqueous Two-Phase Systems atT＝298.15 K." Acta Chimica Sinica 70, no. 06 (2012): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a1107222.

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Aung, Thae Thae Ei, and Zar Chi Soe. "Liquid Flow Control by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 2190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18263.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lonic liquids"

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Choudhury, Subhankar. "Physicochemical study of diverse interactions of ionic liquids and biologically active solutes prevailing in liquid environments." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2763.

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Ray, Tanusree. "Exploration of assortment of interfaces of some lonik liquids in solvent system by physicochemical approach." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2743.

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Kong, Moreno Maynard J. "Los líquidos iónicos a temperatura ambiente (RTILs): Propiedades, aplicaciones y perspectivas futuras." Revista de Química, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100110.

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La investigación y desarrollo de líquidos iónicos a temperatura ambiente (RTILsl va cobrando mayor importancia, como una necesidad de contar con materiales y sustancias químicas apropiados para diversos procesos químico-industriales, así como al creciente uso de ciertas fuentes alternativas de energía, más llevaderos con nuestro medio ambiente. En este artículo se hace una reseña sobre los líquidos iónicos, sus propiedades físicas y de transporte, aplicaciones presentes y futuras.
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): Properties, applieations and future prospeetsResearch and development of room-temperatureionic I iquids (RTILs) is becoming more important, as a need to count with materials and chemical substances suitable for several processes in chemical industries, as well as for the growing use of alternative sources of energy, much more friendly with our environment. In this paper is presented a review on ionic liquids, their physical and transport properties, current and future applications

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Mason, Karen B. "An electro-optic logic system employing liquid crystal display devices." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329084.

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Nick, Zachary H. "Foundations for Smart Metamaterials by Liquid Metal Digital Logic and Magnetoelastic Properties Control." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587669303938667.

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Lai, Sin Pin. "Furan measurement in transformer oil by UV-Vis spectroscopy using fuzzy logic approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2342.

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An Ultraviolet to Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic analysis based on fuzzy logic approach has been developed for furan content measurement in transformer oil. Following the successful identification and quantification of furan derivatives in transformer oil by ASTM D5837 standard, the new approach is able to approximate the furan content more conveniently and economically. As furan concentration level would determine the absorption intensity in UV-Vis spectral range, the fuzzy logic software model developed would exploit this characteristic to aggregate the furans content level in transformer oil. The UV-Vis spectral response at other ambient temperature is also studied. The proposed technique provides a convenient alternative to conventional method of furan measurement by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in ASTM D5837 Standard.

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Lai, Sin Pin. "Furan measurement in transformer oil by UV-Vis spectroscopy using fuzzy logic approach." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=128452.

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An Ultraviolet to Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic analysis based on fuzzy logic approach has been developed for furan content measurement in transformer oil. Following the successful identification and quantification of furan derivatives in transformer oil by ASTM D5837 standard, the new approach is able to approximate the furan content more conveniently and economically. As furan concentration level would determine the absorption intensity in UV-Vis spectral range, the fuzzy logic software model developed would exploit this characteristic to aggregate the furans content level in transformer oil. The UV-Vis spectral response at other ambient temperature is also studied. The proposed technique provides a convenient alternative to conventional method of furan measurement by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in ASTM D5837 Standard.

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Mohammad, Kazemi Mehdi [Verfasser], Arnulf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Materny, Ulrich [Gutachter] Kleinekathöfer, and Johannes [Gutachter] Kiefer. "Application of Nonlinear Optical Techniques: Probing Ultrafast Dynamics in Ionic Liquids and Realization of an Ultrafast Toffoli Logic Gate / Mehdi Mohammad Kazemi ; Gutachter: Arnulf Materny, Ulrich Kleinekathöfer, Johannes Kiefer ; Betreuer: Arnulf Materny." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116080303/34.

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Hammi, Abdelhamid. "Control Financiero interno bajo incertidumbre: control de gestión de la liquidez." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287898.

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Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal, desarrollar un sistema de control para la gestión de la liquidez, orientado a crear valor e identificar las mejores técnicas operativas en un ambiente de incertidumbre, que aporte una ventaja competitiva a las empresas. En esta dirección, destacamos la aplicación de la lógica difusa, a partir de aplicación de diversos modelos, con fin de proporcionar una visión sobre: ¿cómo la lógica difusa puede ayudar en la toma decisión en la gestión de la liquidez? (la t eoría de los subconjuntos borrosos, números triangulares, entre otros). Así, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de literatura sobre el estudio de la gestión de la liquidez en diferentes países y culturas empresariales. A partir de ello, se examinó los diversos componentes y variables. Además, se realizó un análisis desde la perspectiva de la teoría de agencia sobre la gestión de la liquidez. Como parte de las aportaciones de esta investigación, se presentan nuevos modelos aplicados a la gestión de la liquidez orientados a ayudar a las empresas en la toma de decisiones, mediante el uso de metodologías basadas en el tratamiento de la incertidumbre. A partir de estos, se muestra la eficacia y la utilidad de los modelos de lógica difusa aplicados para la gestión de la liquidez en las empresas. Esto ha permitido ofrecer diversas aportaciones a partir de publicaciones de artículos en revistas científicas y congresos internacionales. Por tanto, se considera que la investigación realizada, representa una herramienta útil al conocimiento científico y que permite avanzar en el estudio de gestión de la liquidez, a partir de la teoría de lógica difusa y su combinación con otras teorías financieras.
This research has as main objective to develop a control system for liquidity management, aimed at creating value and identify the best operational techniques in an environment of uncertainty that provides a competitive at enterprise advantage. In this direction, we highlight the application of fuzzy logic, from to applying various models, to provide insight on: how fuzzy logic can help in making decision on liquidity management? (the theory of fuzzy subsets, triangular numbers, etc.). Thus, a comprehensive review of literature on the study of liquidity management in different countries and business cultures was performed. From this, the various components and variables examined. In addition, an analysis was conducted from the perspective of agency theory on liquidity management. As part of the contributions of this research, they present new models applied to the management of liquidity aimed at helping businesses in decision-making, using based on uncertainty management methodologies. Based on these, shown the effectiveness and usefulness of fuzzy logic models applied for liquidity management in enterprises. This has allowed us to offer various contributions from publications of articles in scientific journals and international conferences. Therefore, it is considered that research represents a useful tool to scientific knowledge and that allows headway in the study of liquidity management, based on the theory of fuzzy logic and its combination with other financial theory.

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Beištaras, Dominykas. "Skysčio lygio valdymo sistemos tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140616_093348-50829.

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Šio darbo tikslas – suprojektuoti ir išanalizuoti skysčio lygio valdymo sistemas su PI reguliatoriumi bei neraiškiosios logikos reguliatoriumi, atlikti imitacijas ir palyginti gautus rezultatus. Teorinėje dalyje apžvelgiamos skysčio lygio valdymo sistemos, jų pagrindiniai elementai. Taip pat išnagrinėjami sistemų valdymo ypatumai, naudojant neraiškiosios logikos ir PI reguliatorius. Tiriamojoje dalyje sudaryta: sistemos funkcinė schema, sistemos matematinis ir kompiuterinis modeliai. Atlikus procesų imitaciją nustatyta, kad sistemoje su PI reguliatoriumi pakeitus nuostatą dėl perreguliavimo gaunamos nepageidaujamos slėgio aukščio ir debito vertės. To išvengiama, naudojant neraiškiosios logikos reguliatorių. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, literatūros apie skysčio lygio valdymo sistemas analizė, tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai, teorinė dalis, tiriamoji dalis, išvados, literatūra. Darbo apimtis - 71 puslapiai be grafinės dalies, 53 iliustracijos, 6 lentelės, 40 bibliografinių šaltinių ir 4 internetinės prieigos.
The main goal of the thesis is to design and analyze liquid level control systems with a PI controller and a fuzzy logic controller, perform simulations and to compare the results. In the analytical part, liquid level control systems and main elements of liquid level control systems are overviewed. Also system control using PI and Fuzzy logic regulators is overviewed. In research part liquid level control system is projected practically. The research chapter consists of a functional scheme, mathematical and computer models design. The simulation of the system shows that changing the step size in the system with a PI controller results in unwanted total head and flow rate values because of an overshoot. This is avoided in the system with a fuzzy controller. At the end of the thesis there is a conclusions part. The work consists of seven parts: introduction, analysis of liquid level control system literature, main goal of the research, theory part, design part, conclusions, references. Work volume – 71 pages of text without appendixes, 53 illustrations, 6 tables, 40 bibliographical and 4 internet entries.

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Books on the topic "Lonic liquids"

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Krystufek, Elke. Liquid logic ; the height of knowledge and the speed of thought ; [MAK Wien, 6. Dezember 2006 - 1. April 2007]. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2006.

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(Illustrator), Malcolm Wells, ed. Liquid Gold: The Lore and Logic of Using Urine to Grow Plants. Ecowaters, 2004.

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Wells, Malcolm, and Carol Steinfeld. Liquid Gold: The Lore and Logic of Using Urine to Grow Plants. UIT Cambridge, 2004.

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Beyerle, Tulga, and Elke Krystufek. Elke Krystufek Liquid Logic. The Height of Knowledge and the Speed of Thought. Hatje Cantz, 2007.

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Schmeink, Lars. 9/11 and the Wasted Lives of Posthuman Zombies. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781383766.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 returns to the changed social and political realities of the new millennium and the post-9/11 world, connecting global terror with the success of zombie films in mainstream culture. The renaissance of the zombie films can be directly linked to its allegorical depiction of viral, off-scene terror and the dystopian future of a post-apocalyptic world. In analyzing post-9/11 zombie films, especially the Resident Evil-film series and the 28 Days-franchise, the chapter reveals liquid modern anxieties as connected with terrorism and globalization. The films reimagine the zombie in terms of biological disaster – as viral, infectious and unseen – in order to acknowledge the new form of terror emergent in 9/11. In appropriating this biopunk context, contemporary zombie films make available a cultural negotiation of the liquid modern logic of necropolitics (as an extension of biopolitics) and the negation of human and non-human others through technoscientific means. By casting humanity as homines sacri, biopunk zombie films allow for a witnessing of a radical change of the social order. Zombies, in these films, present a possible future that imagines posthuman subjectivity in drastic and extremely jarring imagery, providing contemporary society with biopunk dystopias.

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Bernard, Seth. The Nobilitas and Economic Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878788.003.0005.

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The period around 300 BCE was one of dramatic change in the structure of the Republican economy. This chapter details the chronological convergence of three developments relevant to Rome’s production of large-scale infrastructure: the appearance of coinage, the expansion of public contracting, and attachment of the censor to the maintenance and construction of the city’s buildings. Together, these trends allowed speak to a broad shift in the logic of Rome’s urban economy towards more market-based ways of organizing major productive activity. To explain this change, I focus on the rising attachment of some Roman elites in this period to more liquid wealth gained from trade and market production. This period has drawn significant interest for the emergence of a new ruling order, the patricio-plebeian nobilitas, and economic change is interpreted within this dynamic political context.

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Genosko, Gary. Drinking Animals: Sobriety, Intoxication and Interspecies Assemblages. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0016.

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While Deleuze explored the temporalities of alcoholism in American literature in The Logic of Sense, and Jean Clet Martin, among others, has extended this inquiry by further extracting the alcoholic’s lines of flight from the same literature, this chapter breaks the mould by understanding alcohol, distilled and in its pure form of ethanol, as well as its imbibition, as a question of a component that passes through anthropocentric, and across multiple non-anthropocentric assemblages. The exploitation of ethanol fermentation, for example, exists across species. Indeed, as we entertain more overtly human cultural examples, such as ‘wine’ for cats, a recent Japanese pet trend, the metabolic communion of interspecies companionship requires that the material expressivity of the substance is overcoded because the ‘wine’ is not only non-alcoholic but liquid catnip in a ‘wine’ bottle. Indeed, theorization of the pursuit of shared pleasures – using Guattari’s ethological terms, we might say deterritorializing from deterministic biological factors yet also modifying these in some measure as well (Machinic Unconscious) – and engaging multiple species is this chapter’s goal, achievable by plotting the passages of alcohol and its related components across assemblages and their material and socio-cultural expressive trajectories beyond strictly anthropocentric and Western prerogatives.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lonic liquids"

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Pandey, Shubha, Shruti Trivedi, Pramod S. Pandey, Siddharth Pandey, and Sandeep K. Mishra. "Effect of a Surface-Active Lonic Liquid on Calixarenes." In Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactant Science, 193–205. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854501.ch9.

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Wilson, I., I. G. French, I. Fletcher, and C. S. Cox. "MIMO Fuzzy Logic Control of a Liquid Level Process." In Artificial Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms, 606–10. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6492-1_134.

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Veebel, Viljar, and Illimar Ploom. "Estonian Fears, Hopes, and Efforts–Russian War Against Ukraine." In Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance, 335–48. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44584-2_20.

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AbstractDebates following the events in February 2022 in Estonian society have shown diverging opinions about the war in Ukraine. There is, nevertheless, a mainstream viewpoint on how to assist Ukraine, how to respond to Russia, what to expect from NATO allies, and how to deal with the inner cohesion of Estonia's multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society. The least problematic has been understanding how to help Ukraine, with Estonia emerging as the leading donating nation per capita in 2022. As for the response to Russian aggression in Ukraine, most Estonian public and elite support significantly more severe sanctions than have been enacted. In this chapter, we will illustrate that although there have been voices that have demanded the straightforward intervention of NATO in the conflict, there is a consensus that the West should not get directly involved but should indirectly support Ukraine to a greater degree than it has managed to thus far. Despite its membership in NATO, the Estonian political and military elite and the Estonian-speaking society remains afraid that Russia will use the same logic and action against the Baltic States. The main question for Estonia is if and when, after the war in Ukraine, Russia might be ready and motivated to challenge NATO in the Baltic states.

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Vedhanayaki, S., R. Madavan, Sujatha Balaraman, S. Saroja, S. Ramesh, and K. Valarmathi. "Fuzzy Logic-Based Decision Making for Selection of Optimized Liquid Insulation Blend." In Soft Computing in Data Analytics, 547–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0514-6_53.

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Cerecedo-Cordoba, Jorge A., Juan Javier González Barbosa, J. David Terán-Villanueva, and Juan Frausto-Solís. "Neuro-evolutionary Neural Network for the Estimation of Melting Point of Ionic Liquids." In Fuzzy Logic Augmentation of Neural and Optimization Algorithms: Theoretical Aspects and Real Applications, 81–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71008-2_7.

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Kayande, U. B., P. Jaspreetkaur, R. M. Kulkarni, S. B. Mahajan, and P. Sanjeevikumar. "Digitally Controlled Hybrid Liquid Level Detection System Using Programmable Logic Controller and Microcontroller." In Advances in Systems, Control and Automation, 365–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4762-6_35.

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Sandeep Rao, K., V. Bharath Kumar, V. N. Siva Praneeth, and Y. V. Pavan Kumar. "Fuzzy Logic Theory-Based PI Controller Tuning for Improved Control of Liquid Level System." In Intelligent Algorithms for Analysis and Control of Dynamical Systems, 133–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8045-1_14.

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Sundari, K. Thirupura, R. Giri, M. G. Umamaheswari, S. Durgadevi, and C. Komathi. "Fuzzy Logic Control of Liquid Level in a Single Tank with IoT-Based Monitoring System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 401–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5936-3_38.

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Mastrorilli, Piero, Cosimo Francesco Nobile, Vito Gallo, Gian Paolo Suranna, and Roberto Giannandrea. "139 Rhodium (I) catalysed polymerization of phenylacetylene in lonic liquids." In Science and Technology in Catalysis 2002, Proceedings of the Fourth Tokyo conference on Advance Catalytic Science and Technology, 535–36. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(03)80296-3.

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"Design Logic." In Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems, 411–13. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803989-2.09986-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lonic liquids"

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Ma, Feiyue, Qiong Fu, Xiumei Zhang, and Yuge Liu. "Lonic Liquids-based Ultrasonic -assisted Extraction Of Total Flavonoids From Manilkara Zapota Leaves." In 2016 International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aeecs-16.2016.59.

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Roux, Johannes D., and F. Wilhelm Leuschner. "Polarization-based optical computing using liquid crystals." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1989.tui13.

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Many architectures that perform digital optical logic have been proposed and built. Most of them use intensity-encoded logic where, for example, the presence of light would indicate logical true and the absence of light logical false. This way of encoding logic information has several disadvantages, e.g. light being irretrievably lost when switching from light ON to light OFF.

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Domanski, Andrzej W., Marek W. Sierakowski, and Tomasz R. Wolinski. "Highly birefringent optical fibers for liquid-crystal logic systems." In Liquid and Solid State Crystals: Physics, Technology, and Applications, edited by Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156959.

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Kuji, N., T. Takeda, S. Nakamura, and Y. Komine. "Fault Verification Simulation for Light-Emission Microscopy and Liquid-Crystal Analysis." In ISTFA 1996. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1996p0121.

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Abstract A new logic-model derivation method for leak faults observed by light-emission microscopy (LEM) or in liquid-crystal analysis (LCA) has been developed to verify those faults by comparing them with failures observed on an LSI tester. Since CMOS devices display various kinds of faulty behavior depending on leak resistance, it is essential to include the effects of this resistance in logic models. Considering that the resistance of leaks observed in LEM and LCA ranges from 10 to 10,000 ohm, the new logic models have been derived so that the leak fault could be easily incorporated into logic simulators without SPICE simulation. The feasibility of the proposed method has been demonstrated by using it to diagnose LEM and LCA faults causing logic failure in a 20k-gate logic LSI circuit.

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Johnson, K. M., and G. Moddel. "Optical logic gates using photoaddressed ferroelectric liquid crystals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tuf4.

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The implementation of polarization-based optical logic using low-cost, low-power, and high-speed ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) has been previously described.1 In particular, the XOR and XNOR Boolean functions are easily built by cascading in series two electrically addressed FLO devices.1,2 The AND and OR operations, however, require parallel combinations of liquid crystals, polarizers, analyzers, mirrors, and in some cases photodetectors.2,3 These schemes are cumbersome because they require twice the optical components and space to build compared to cascadable logic gates. We present a new optical logic gate which consists of FLC material placed between layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. By appropriately doping the amorphous silicon photosensors, this device can be used as an alloptical cascadable AND or OR gate.

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Pagano-Stauffer, L. A., K. M. Johnson, H. J. Masterson, N. A. Clark, and M. A. Handschy. "Optical logic gates using ferroelectric liquid crystals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fg2.

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The application of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) with microsecond switching speeds to optical parallel processing is described. These FLC devices operate in the smectic C phase and can be built in array configurations. A voltage applied to semitransparent electrodes attached to the crystal switches the device from a transparent state to an opaque state. Combinations of FLC devices are used to build optical parallel logic gates which perform Boolean operations. The design and implementation of a FLC logic gate is described, along with parameters affecting the performance of the gate, including optical crosstalk, contrast ratio, frequency response, and switching speeds.

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Perron, Nicolas, Mario Chemnitz, Bennet Fischer, Saher Junaid, Markus Schmidt, and Roberto Morandotti. "All-optical digital processing in Carbon Disulfide liquid-core optical fiber." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sw3g.2.

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We implement ultrafast, power-efficient, all-optical logic gates based on a liquid-core optical fiber platform. We present, theoretically and experimentally, the unique nonlinear interactions driving each logic operation, implemented using only standard telecom components.

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Yu, Francis T. S., S. Jutamulia, T. Lu, and Don A. Gregory. "Uses of liquid crystal TV and magnetooptic spatial light modulators in optical parallel logic." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tha1.

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New experimental implementations of optical parallel logic using commercially available inexpensive liquid crystal televisions (LCTVs) and magnetooptic spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) are discussed. Logic gates as switches are essential elements in digital computing systems. A digital computer can be described as a finite state machine, whose physical realization requires numerous Boolean logic gates. Boolean logic operations include sixteen possible functions or gates. The complete implementation of sixteen optical parallel logic gates is discussed. Different schemes are applied to the system using LCTVs and the system using MOSLMs. The experimental results and the application of xor gate to a real time binary image subtraction are presented.

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Wang, Yong-Jing, Zhuanyun Guo, YanXin Zhang, and Tiequn Zhang. "Optically reconfigurable liquid crystal logic gate array." In Photonics China '96, edited by Ray T. Chen, Won-Tien Tsang, and BingKun Zhou. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.253171.

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Pagano-Stauffer, Laura A., Kristina M. Johnson, Noel Clark, and Mark Handschy. "Optical Logic Gates Using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals." In 30th Annual Technical Symposium, edited by William A. Penn. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.936484.

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