Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Longueur de diffusion de l’exciton'
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Diarra, Cheick Oumar. "Modélisation par dynamique moléculaire ab initio du transport des excitons et du transport thermique dans les semiconducteurs organiques pour la collecte d'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD013.
Full textThe exciton plays a central role in the functioning of organic solar cells (OSCs). Understanding its dynamics in organic semiconductors is essential, particularly to optimize the diffusion length, a key property for the performance of planar heterojunctions, which are considered as a potentially more stable alternative to bulk heterojunctions (BHJ) in certain contexts. In the first part of this thesis, we developed a robust and versatile methodological approach to evaluate the exciton diffusion length in organic semiconductors. This method, based on AIMD-ROKS, was successfully validated for the P3HT polymer. It was also applied to the NFA O-IDTBR acceptor, revealing promising diffusion lengths, though still insufficient for planar heterojunctions. The second part of the thesis explores heat transfer in organic semiconductors, a crucial element for the performance of thermoelectric devices. These studies focused on P3HT, a material used in thermoelectricity. First, the thermal conductivity within P3HT chains was studied, revealing the influence of polymer chain length. Then, heat transfers between these chains were also examined
Doan, Quang-Tri. "Détermination par nano-EBIC et par simulation de Monte-Carlo de la longueur de diffusion des porteurs minoritaires : application à des structures contenant des nanocristaux de germanium." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS027/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study certain local properties of structures containing on their surface Ge nanocrystals by using the nano-EBIC (Electron beam induced current collected by a nano-contact). The peculiarity of this technique which uses the same principle as the classical EBIC technique is the use of a conductive AFM (atomic force microscope) tip instead of a standard electrode. We were interested in the determination of the effective diffusion length (Leff) and the study of its variation according to parameters such as the primary energy and the size of nanocrystals. Leff increases for weak energies, reaches a maximum which depends on the nanocrystal size, then decreases for high energies. This behavior of the evolution of Leff was explained in chapter 2. However, this result has never been reported previously. That is why we completed this work by a study based on the Monte-Carlo simulation, where the effect of several parameters was analyzed. Among the parameters studied, we quote the size and the shape of the nano-contact (or more exactly the size of the depletion nano-zone formed under the contact), the surface recombination velocity and the primary energy. The simulation gives the same behavior of Leff variation than the experimental case
Hoffer, Xavier. "Longueur de diffusion de spin et magnétisme de structures nanotubes de carbone - matériaux ferromagnétiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3097.
Full textLecroq, Florence. "Diffusion acoustique basse fréquence par des tubes limites immergés : nouvelles résonances liées à la longueur des tubes." Le Havre, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LEHA0002.
Full textDeloison, Florent. "Greffe de cornée automatisée assistée par laser femtoseconde optimisé en longueur d'onde." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00577221.
Full textLhuillier, Emmanuel. "TRANSPORT ELECTRONIQUE DANS LES SUPER RESEAUX : applications aux détecteurs infrarouges à grandes longueur d'onde." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00528665.
Full textBaubeau, Emmanuel. "Etude et réalisation d'une chaine laser femtoseconde haute cadence de haute puissance moyenne : applications au micro-usinage." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112326.
Full textSince the early 90's, much progress has been done in the field of ultrashort laser sources, mostly based on Ti:sapphire crystals. The shortest pulse duration and the highest energy were the main goals of these developments. In the same time, few work has been done on high-repetition rate sources (more than ten kilohertz). The first part of this work is dedicated to the study of a 15 kHz femtoseconde laser source with high average power. The pump laser is a 100-W Hybrid copper vapour laser. Thermal effects inside the crystals are carefully studied as well as the design of a regenerative cavity and multi-pass amplifiers taking into account these thermal problems. The second part deals with a particular application of these high-repetition rate sources: micro-machining. Experimental results are shown, mostly on metals. To have a comprehensive approach of the specificity of laser-matter in the femtosecond regime, a two-temperature model is developped. It leads to a simulation of the thermal diffusion length, bath axially and radially. The results shows a striking difference between nanosecond and femtosecond regime
Gosset, Marielle. "Une méthode radar bi-longueur d'onde pour la discrimination eau-glace dans les nuages mixtes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30140.
Full textSayad, Yassine. "Détermination de la longueur de diffusion des porteurs de charge minoritaires dans le silicium cristallin par interaction lumière matière." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0053/these.pdf.
Full textAbout 90% of the photovoltaic electricity is produced from mono and multicrystalline silicon based solar cells. The knowledge of minority carriers diffusion length (or lifetime) in silicon used in fabrication of solar cells is necessary to adapt and to optimize fabrication process. The aim of this work concerns the measurement of minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime in epitaxial and/or thin and solar grade materials. By combining analytical models and numerical simulation, diffusion length was, first, extracted in thin and thick samples of different electronic qualities by scanning light spot using LBIC technique. Analysis of internal quantum efficiency in fabricated solar cells was also used for comparison. Finally, we have also checked experimentally and by numerical simulation the possibility of diffusion length (and lifetime) determination from integrated photoluminescence intensity measurements at room temperature, as a function of excitation intensity.
Gravel, Yann. "Étude des ondes de surface générées par excitation d'une structure sous longueur d'onde à une interface métallo-diélectrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26045/26045.pdf.
Full textNaidon, Pascal. "Etude théorique de la formation de molécules diatomiques dans un condensat par photoassociation." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066480.
Full textHADRAMI, MOHAMED. "Mesure de la longueur de diffusion des trous dans le silicium amorphe hydrogene a partir de la photoreponse spectrale de diodes schottky." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077195.
Full textAlengry, Jonathan. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la longueur de bon mélange. Application à la représentativité des points de prélèvement en conduit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4308/document.
Full textMonitoring of gaseous releases from nuclear installations in the environment and air cleaning efficiency measurement are based on regular measurements of concentrations of contaminants in outlet chimneys and ventilation systems. The concentration distribution may be heterogeneous at the measuring point if the distance setting of the mixing is not sufficient. The question is about the set up of the measuring point in duct and the error compared to the homogeneous concentration in case of non-compliance with this distance. This study defines the so-called "well mixing length" from laboratory experiments. The bench designed for these tests allowed to reproduce flows in long circular and rectangular ducts, each including a bend. An optical measurement technique has been developed, calibrated and used to measure the concentration distribution of a tracer injected in the flow. The experimental results in cylindrical duct have validated an analytical model based on the convection-diffusion equation of a tracer, and allowed to propose models of good mixing length and representativeness of sampling points. In rectangular duct, the acquired measures constitute a first database on the evolution of the homogenization of a tracer, in the perspective of numerical simulations exploring more realistic conditions for measurements in situ
Saubamea, Bruno. "Refroidissement laser subrecul au nanokelvin : mesure directe de la longueur de cohérence spatiale. Nouveaux tests des statistiques de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011778.
Full textFOUCHET, SYLVIE. "Diffusion et implantation de titane dans linbo#3 en vue de la fabrication de guides optiques et de reseaux de diffraction : application au multiplexage en longueur d'onde." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112374.
Full textBen_dahan, Maxime. "Transport et relaxation d'atomes de césium : oscillations de Bloch et résonance de diffusion." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011913.
Full textYèche, Adrien. "Caractérisation par courant induit sous faisceau électronique (EBIC) à basse température de détecteurs infrarouges de 3ème génération." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY086.
Full textElectron beam induced current (EBIC) characterizations have been performed on infrared (IR) photodetectors mainly based on HgCdTe (MCT). The EBIC setup has been developed to improve the signal to noise ratio and to address the whole IR spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations and experiments on a dedicated pattern have allowed quantifying the EBIC spatial resolution. In contrary to observations through a passivation requesting an energy high enough to inject electrons in the active layer, typically 15 keV for a spatial resolution of around 1.4 µm, a cross section study allows to reduce the resolution to 40 nm at 2 keV. At high energy, the beam investigates the bulk material and carriers are less influenced by interface states. A change in the carrier diffusion has been observed with a diffusion length increase with increasing the probe current for MWIR and LWIR p/n MCT at 300 and 145 K respectively. Even if the semiconductor properties are kept at low injection, a precise diffusion length determination can be obtained by a high signal to noise ratio enhanced by whether a strong probe current or a high energy. The cross section surface influence has been compared for intrinsic n/p and p/n MCT technologies thanks to top view and cross section observations. Finally, the modulation transfer function has been measured for MCT photodiodes in a matrix environment. Unlike optical measurements, the very good EBIC spatial resolution allows to investigate the future IR detectors for pixel pitches below 10 µm
Sib, Jamal Dine. "Etude de la longueur de diffusion des trous et des états corrélés dans le silicium amorphe hydrogéné à partir de techniques de photoréponse spectrale sur des diodes Schottky et PIN." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES021.
Full textMaréchal, Romain. "Modélisation par méthode mixte analytique-numérique de la matrice de diffusion d'un conduit traité de longueur finie avec tubes Herschel-Quincke intégrés : application à la réduction du bruit de soufflante." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1988.
Full textIn aeronautic industry, the efficiency of acoustic liners in bypass and inter-stage regions of the turbofan engine is reached the limit, especially at the Blade Passage Frequencies (BPF), due to the interaction between the fan blades and the struts. Then, pure tones are produced in the noise spectrum for all flight phases, in addition of acoustic liners, Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tubes provide an alternative to improve the attenuation at the BPF. These tubes are placed in the periphery of the main duct and produce phase differences between acoustic waves in the main duct and in the HO tubes in order to attenuate the transmitted acoustic power. A mixed numerical-analytical model was developed for the fast computation of the scattering matrix of a ring of HO tubes integrated in a finite length line wall circular duct. This technic takes into account the exact shape of HO tube and the possibility of a non uniform acoustic velocity at the interfaces between the main duct and the HO tube. This model also allows a study of HQ tube parameters with a time swing compared to a standard element method. Finally, the mixed model has no frequency limit
Yu, Wenhui. "Mesure de distance absolue utilisant l'interférométrie à balayage de longueur d'onde étalonnée par un peigne de fréquences." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD005/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we implemented a high-precision absolute distance measurement (ADM) system using frequency sweeping interferometry (FSI). The FSI technique requires the frequency tuning range of the swept laser to be measured with high accuracy and precision, which is challenging due to the lack of an easy way to measure the high frequency of a laser in real time. In this thesis, a frequency comb has been used as the light frequency ruler for measuring the frequency tuning range of the sweeping laser. A frequency comb formed by a femtosecond laser consists millions of evenly spaced comb lines so that can be regarded as a light frequency ruler. The frequency calibration was realized by filtering the heterodyne signal between the sweeping laser and the comb lines using a narrow bandpass filter. This approach allows us to detect the calibration signal when the frequency of the sweeping laser is in the vicinity of a comb line. As the frequency interval between the comb lines space can be precisely measured or actively phase-locked against a stable radio-frequency (RF) oscillator, the tuning range of the sweeping laser could be measured with high accuracy. Especially, each two calibration peaks can be used in the calculation of distance, which we call sub-measurements in a single sweeping. Combined with the large number of the comb lines, averaging of the sub-measurements improves greatly the measurement precision without multiple sweeping. In the thesis, the condition of detecting and the characteristics of the heterodyne signal between the sweeping laser and the comb line are presented. A filter design for filtering the heterodyne signal is performed. A modeling work concerning the effect of the phase noise of lasers on the envelope distortion of the calibration peak has been presented. Experimental works based on the measurement concepts have been carried out. It shows that using the proposed measurement scheme can greatly improve the distance measurement precision. In one of the measurements, a precision of 30 nm for a distance around 0.8 m, corresponding to 37 ppb (part-per-billion) relative uncertainty has been achieved. The result was obtained based on a fringe counting signal processing method. The high precision was obtained thanks to the large number of sub-measurements and the stability of the evenly spaced comb lines. We have found that vibration measurement of the target can be also performed taking the advantage of the dense comb lines. A high sensitivity, limited by 1.7 nm noise RMS, of vibration measurement has been achieved. This result allows us to monitor the vibration of the target, which is an important issue of FSI technique
Mirzaei, Sedigheh. "Characterization of columnar liquid crystals and plasmonic effects for organic solar cells application." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1670/.
Full textThe general theme of this thesis is organic photovoltaics. In more details it consists of two parts: Measuring the electrical mobility in a new compound showing liquid crystalline (LC) phase at room temperature. This LC whose abbreviated name is Pe4C8EH, is made up of disc-like molecules with flexible chains connected to the disc core. When disc-like cores pile-up upon each other, they form columns. We showed that along these columns the mobility of charge is enhanced, meaning that Pe4C8EH shows directional semiconducting properties. Measured values of mobility are 2. 8 10-4 cm2/V. S and 8. 5 10-5 cm2/V. S in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the columns, respectively. This property is interesting for solar cell and transistor applications. Mobility enhancement is attributed to the p-orbital overlapping along the columns. In the second part, the effect of 30nm spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the efficiency of P3HT:PCBM solar cells was studied by adsorbing them on the surface of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode. Metallic nanoparticles can enhance the absorption efficiency of a cell by both scattering and absorption of the incident light at a special frequency, which is called Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). SPR depends on the metal, size and shape of nanoparticles. Our investigation showed that the positive effect of AuNPs on the efficiency of solar cells depends on their surface concentration. High concentration (215/µm2) of AuNPs almost suppresses the photocurrent generated by the solar cell while low concentration (8/µm2) has a positive effect on the efficiency of the cell
Léonard, Jérémie. "Photo-association de l'hélium métastable au voisinage de la Condensation de Bose-Einstein et formation de dimères géants." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004295.
Full textcollisionelles d'un gaz dilué d'hélium métastable (He $2^3S$) sont
gouvernées par les collisions Penning ionisantes, et par la longueur de diffusion. Afin de sonder ces propriétés, de nouvelles expériences de photo-association (PA) ont été entreprises dans lesquelles une paire d'atomes métastables absorbe un photon pour former une molécule électroniquement excitée. En particulier, des ``dimères géants" ont été produits, pour lesquels l'auto-ionisation est inhibée. Des spectres de raies ont été mesurés avec une grande précision par une méthode originale de détection ``calorimétrique". Parallèlement, les potentiels électroniques à longue distance d'une paire $2^3S+2^3P$ ont été calculés. Une approche asymptotique est présentée en détail, qui permet de reproduire avec un très bon accord les énergies de liaison des dimères géants obtenues expérimentalement.
Pagis, Céline. "Synthèse et évaluation catalytique de cristaux creux de zéolithe Y." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1156/document.
Full textZeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates whose structure contains channels, voids and cavities of molecular dimensions. Zeolites with FAU framework type are extensively used as molecular sieves, adsorbents or catalysts thanks to their low fabrication cost, their high porous volume and their large pore size. However, the intrinsic microporosity of these solids often imposes molecular diffusion limitations due to hindered access and slow intra-crystalline transport. The objective of this PhD thesis was to synthetize hollow Y zeolite crystals with an internal cavity (macroporosity) and walls sufficiently thin to reduce significantly diffusion limitations while preventing handling issues. During the PhD, two strategies have been developed to synthetize these materials. The first one consists in the synthesis of polycrystalline capsules of zeolite Y by overgrowing Y nanocrystals onto Beta zeolite crystals that serve as template as well as nutrients. The second strategy involves the selective removal of the core of each zeolite Y crystals through a multi-step original method combining dealumination and selective desilication. Stating from a standard NaY zeolite, this strategy enables effective preparation of hollow single crystals with well controlled morphology and composition. The influence of the morphology on diffusion and catalytic properties was estimated by comparing the activity of the platinum-impregnated new materials with those of bulk analogs in hydrogenation and hydro-isomerization model reactions. In the case of hollow single crystals, these reactions enable to highlight the positive influence of the morphology and particularly of the diffusion path length on the catalytic efficiency and activity of these new materials
Fleury, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du transport dans les transistors de dimensions déca-nanométriques des technologies CMOS sub 45nm." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0125.
Full textThe downscaling of electronic devices which allows a large-scale integration has been feasible thanks to many innovations regarding the fabrication processes. These changes deeply modify the electrical behavior of MOS transistors when the gate length becomes shorter than 100nm, altering the physical understanding of this device. This work deals with the study about advanced devices performances (sub-45nm technologies) and the analyze of electrical characteristics. Improvements of state-of-the-art methodologies and new extraction techniques are proposed for enabling the analysis of electrical parameters to be adapted to an industrial context, on very short devices. The use of these new techniques provides a better physical understanding which is required to predict the performances of future technologies
Fleury, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du transport dans les transistors de dimensions déca-nanométriques des technologies CMOS sub-45nm." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461948.
Full textGacem, Karim. "Contribution à l'étude du transport et du stockage de charges dans des structures contenant des nanocristaux de germanium." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354362.
Full textEn premier lieu, des mesures courant – tension (I-V) et capacité (haute fréquence ; 1 MHz) – tension (C-V) ont été effectuées pour caractériser des nanocristaux recouverts par du silicium amorphe. Les résultats ont montré l'apparition du blocage de Coulomb à température ambiante dans des nc-Ge ayant le plus petit (~3.5 nm) diamètre. Les mesures I-V et C-V ont révélé le phénomène de piégeage dans les nanocristaux. Ce dernier est conditionné par leur taille et densité moyennes, dont les effets ont été séparés grâce aux mesures en température. En conséquence, la variation en température du nombre moyen d'électrons piégés par nanocristal a permis d'accéder à une énergie d'activation thermique qui s'est révélée être dépendante de la taille moyenne (ou du gap) du nanocristal.
En deuxième lieu, des caractérisations par microscopie à force atomique en mode conducteur ont été effectuées sur des échantillons contenant des nc-Ge non recouverts. Là aussi, le transport et le piégeage ont été abordés en mettant en évidence l'effet de la taille et la densité moyennes des nc-Ge. Des mesures EBIC (courant induit par faisceau d'électrons) en champ proche (NF-) ont aussi été menées pour cartographier l'activité électrique en surface des échantillons. Elles ont été suivies par des mesures de la longueur effective de diffusion des porteurs minoritaires en excès. Les résultats ont montré que ce paramètre est réduit par la présence de nc-Ge et par l'augmentation de leur densité
Vedadi, A. "Etude et applications des amplificateurs paramétriques à fibre optique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544865.
Full textDrag, Cyril. "Photoassociation d'atomes de césium froids. Formation et caractérisation d'un nuage froid de molécules diatomiques de césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600313.
Full textHOANG, Nathalie. "Développement d'un piège atomique lumineux et magnétique : Etude du régime de collisions ; Perspectives pour la condensation de Bose-Einstein du césium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005990.
Full textAlzetto, Florent. "Contribution à la théorie des gaz de fermions froids." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808195.
Full textBesson, Claudine. "Effet photoréfractif dans l'oxyde de bismuth germanium (bi12Ge020) : détermination des paramètres du matériau, intensification de l'effet photoréfractif par un champ alternatif et amplification d'ondes optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00718040.
Full textGaussiat, Nicolas. "Mesure du contenu en eau et en glace des nuages en phase mixte par radars multifréquences." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30216.
Full textMoal, Steven. "Photoassociation à 2 photons de l'hélium métastable ultrafroid." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840000.
Full textSeidelin, Signe. "Collisions dans un gaz d'hélium métastable au voisinage de la dégénérescence quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007611.
Full textQuéméner, Goulven. "Étude quantique de collisions moléculaires à ultra-basse énergie : applications aux alcalins et alcalino-terreux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204105.
Full textViana, Gomes José Carlos. "THERMOMÉTRIE ET PROPRIÉTÉS DE COHÉRENCED'UN GAZ QUANTIQUE ULTRA-FROID D'HÉLIUM MÉTASTABLE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142413.
Full textDans cette thèse nous rendons compte de trois expériences différentes : i) la détermination des constantes d'ionisation à deux et trois corps pour l'He*, ii) la détermination de la longueur de diffusion, a, de l'He* et iii) la mesure de la fonction de corrélation d'intensité d'un nuage d'He* en chute libre. Il a été montré postérieurement à notre mesure de a que celle-ci était entachée d'une erreur systématique dont nous proposons une explication. Nous décrivons des techniques de mesure de la température et de la fugacité d'un nuage thermique. Finalement un part importante de la thèse est dévolue à la dérivation d'une expression analytique de la fonction de corrélation d'intensité du flux atomique. Cette analyse a permis d'obtenir des valeurs typiques pour les longueurs de corrélation, transverse et longitudinale, et de confirmer la possibilité de réaliser une expérience de type HBT sur notre montage expérimental.
Hajji, Mohammed Saïd. "Etude comparative de l'association hydrophobe en solution aqueuse de tensioactifs anioniques et cationiques et de divers alcane-diols et alcane-triols par mesures des masses volumiques, de la diffusion élastique et quasi-élastique de la lumière et des." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132016.
Full textDeguilhem, Benjamin. "Calcul ab initio d'observables pour les condensats d'hélium métastable." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/620/.
Full textFor studying the interactions between atoms of metastable helium (2 ^{3}S) in the vicinity of the Bose-Einstein Condensation, the knowledge of the molecular potentials of the dimer with a huge precision is indispensable. For this, a lot of ab initio methods (MRCI, Full-CI, QMC. . . ) have been used simultaneously with new basis of orbitals. An almost exact theoritical value of the scattering length, very important for the study of atomic collisions, has been provided. In parallel, a calculation of the position of the vibrationnal levels, observed by photoassociation near the 2 ^{3}S+2 ^{3}P and 2 ^{3}S+3 ^{3}S asymptotes has been done and compared with experimental results. Finally, a complete database of the dimer spectra is given with a last application of these potentials to the study of the dense plasmas of helium
Allart, Marion. "Ségrégation interfaciale dans les métaux en cours de déformation à chaud : cas du système nickel - soufre." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757072.
Full textOukachmih, Mimoun. "Les cellules photovoltai͏̈ques à base de matériaux organiques discotiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30092.
Full textKessler, John. "Etude photoelectrochimique des alliages cuin::(1-x)ga::(x)se::(2) : relation entre les proprietesphotovoltaiques des couches minces de cugase::(2) et leur composition." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077189.
Full textBouhadida, Maha. "Étude d’effets optiques non linéaires d’ordres 2 et 3 dans des nanofibres optiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP019.
Full textIn this PhD thesis we study 2nd and 3rd order optical non-linearities in optical nanofibers, which are obtained by stretching standard fibers until their diameter becomes of the order of magnitude of the wavelength. The first application is the realization of wavelength converters in the visible range in the sub-ns regime, range which is only minimally covered by pulsed sources. The principle of these converters is to use stimulated Raman scattering in the evanescent field immersed in a liquid. By defining and optimizing their operating range, we have reach external conversion efficiencies from the pump at 532 nm to the first Stokes order of ethanol at 630 nm near to 60%. The performances of our converters are very repeatable and open the way to a new family of very compact, reliable and all-fibered components.The second application is the study of a source of correlated photon pairs for quantum telecommunications. Our source is based of parametric fluorescence on the surface of a silica nanofiber. In the phase-matching we propose, the pump wave is emitted on the mode TM01 at 775 nm and the photon pairs are emitted around1.5 μm in the fundamental mode, enabling a recoupling with only a few losses in the optical network. Our study mainly concern the choice of the standard fiber enabling to optimize the efficiency of the mechanism, the conception of the nanofiber and its tapers as well as the implementation of preliminary experiments for the excitation of high ordrer modes
Cissé, Lamine. "Etude des propriétés électroniques des cristaux liquides discotiques pour applications photovoltaïques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/246/.
Full textShort excitons diffusion length and the low charges-carrier mobility organic semiconductors seriously limit the performance of organic solar cells. Using disc-like molecules which can be regularly arranged in columns, offers an opportunity to improve these properties. However, one of the biggest problems for the implementation of this strategy lies in the instability of discotic materials that appears during the transition to the isotropic phase when they are aligned as thin films. In this thesis, we show through the study of a benzoperylene derivative crystal liquid that this instability can be avoided by a surface treatment using an Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge. Measures excitons diffusion length in a homeotropic oriented and non-oriented benzoperylene derivative:benzo [g,h,i]perylene1,2,4,5,10,11 -hexacarboxylic1,2-di-(2-ethylhexyl)ester4:5,10:11-di-(4-heptyl)imide, Bp2I2CEH) indicate an increase of its value of 25% with the homeotropic organization. The study of Schottky-type structures ITO/Bp2I2CEH/Al based on Bp2I2CEH oriented and non-oriented thin films shows an increase in the photocurrent by a factor of 16 compared to a cell carried out with the same non-oriented film. We have also modelled organic solar cells since the absorption of light to charges carrier generation. Numerical simulations results (with a program developed in C language) show that the solar cell architecture can be optimized to improve the photocurrent generated by the device
Christien, Frédéric. "Ségrégation interfaciale dans les métaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912930.
Full textQuiñones, Catherine Thérèse. "Proton computed tomography." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI094/document.
Full textThe use of protons in cancer treatment has been widely recognized thanks to the precise stopping range of protons in matter. In proton therapy treatment planning, the uncertainty in determining the range mainly stems from the inaccuracy in the conversion of the Hounsfield units obtained from x-ray computed tomography to proton stopping power. Proton CT (pCT) has been an attractive solution as this modality directly reconstructs the relative stopping power (RSP) map of the object. The conventional pCT technique is based on measurements of the energy loss of protons to reconstruct the RSP map of the object. In addition to energy loss, protons also undergo multiple Coulomb scattering and nuclear interactions which could reveal other interesting properties of the materials not visible with the RSP maps. This PhD work is to investigate proton interactions through Monte Carlo simulations in GATE and to use this information to reconstruct a map of the object through filtered back-projection along the most likely proton paths. Aside from the conventional energy-loss pCT, two pCT modalities have been investigated and implemented. The first one is called attenuation pCT which is carried out by using the attenuation of protons to reconstruct the linear inelastic nuclear cross-section map of the object. The second pCT modality is called scattering pCT which is performed by utilizing proton scattering by measuring the angular variance to reconstruct the relative scattering power map which is related to the radiation length of the material. The accuracy, precision and spatial resolution of the images reconstructed from the two pCT modalities were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively and compared with the conventional energy-loss pCT. While energy-loss pCT already provides the information needed to calculate the proton range for treatment planning, attenuation pCT and scattering pCT give complementary information about the object. For one, scattering pCT and attenuation pCT images provide an additional information intrinsic to the materials in the object. Another is that, in some studied cases, attenuation pCT images demonstrate a better spatial resolution and showed features that would supplement energy-loss pCT reconstructions
Negulescu, Claudia. "Asymptotical models and numerical schemes for quantum systems." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30221.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is concerned with the mathematical modelling and the numerical simulation of the electron transport in nanoscale semiconductor devices. Different transport models are introduced and analyzed, aimed to describe the various regions of a MOSFET transistor. We focus our attention particularly on the modelling of quantum effects taking place in such devices (self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson system with open boundary conditions)
Saidi, Mohamed. "Mesure et analyse de l'état de déformation et d'endommagement interne dans les composites à matrice cimentaire utilisés pour le renforcement des structures de génie civil." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1092.
Full textDue to their mechanical, environmental and aesthetic compatibility, textile reinforced cementitious matrix composites are used on a large scale for rehabilitation and reinforcement of the built heritage and civil engineering structures. Under the effect of mechanical or environmental loads, the phenomena of interaction and damage between the textile reinforcement and the cementitious matrix are more complex than in the case of polymer matrix composites. These are mainly related to the cracking behaviour of the composite, the fragile nature of the matrix and the behaviour of the reinforcement/matrix bond. In particular, knowledge and understanding of the load transfer mechanisms at the reinforcement/matrix interface and crack initiation remain a major scientific challenge.Conventional measurement techniques used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of cementitious matrix composites (mechanical extensometers, digital image correlation, etc.) are able to provide information on the strain and stress state at the surface of a tested specimen. The different mechanisms of internal forces and degradation of the components (reinforcement, matrix, interface) are deduced using approaches of continuum and fracture mechanics.In this context, this work aims at implementing and adapting a measurement system that can be integrated into the core of composites: distributed optical fibre sensors. In order to check its reliability, this measurement technique is coupled with classical extensometer technics such as strain gauges implemented on the surface of the composites and digital image correlation. The main objective is to analyse more precisely the mechanical parameters at the micro scale and the load transfer mechanisms, crack initiation and propagation as well as damage mechanisms. On the basis of uni-axial tensile tests, coupled with the chosen instrumentation, a methodology for identifying local laws of reinforcement/matrix interaction is implemented. The aim of the thesis work is, using these local laws, to determine the micro-mechanical parameters of the composite (load transfer length, shear stress at the reinforcement/matrix interface, etc.) and to establish parameters characteristic of the local and global behaviour (cracking pattern and crack opening, damage indicators, constitutive equations, etc.). Nine configurations are tested and analysed in this work: two types of matrix, two types of textile reinforcement and three reinforcement ratios. The adaptation of the experimental protocol and the reliability of the results obtained are validated. The global and local behaviour of the composite, matrix, textile and their interface are measured and analysed. Load transfer length, shear stress at the textile/matrix interface, interface damage and crack opening are quantified and discussed. The effects of reinforcement ratio, matrix and textile type, mechanical and geometrical parameters of the composite on its mechanical tensile response are identified and evaluated. These results are used for the refinement and/or development of mechanical models of the stiffness and fracture behaviour of textile and cement-matrix reinforced composites