Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Longueur à la détection'
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Berthomé, Quentin. "Source paramétrique infrarouge agile en longueur d'onde pour la détection à distance de substances chimiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP028.
Full textLidar absorption spectrometry is a powerful solution for remote gas detection. For this purpose, longwave infrared between 8 and 12 µm is ideal as it covers characteristic absorption bands of many gases including chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. However, the challenge of a pulsed narrow-spectrum broadly tunable in the 8 to 12 µm range has only be partially solved. This thesis aims to demonstrate how to make such a laser source basing on previous works. The master oscillator is a nested cavity optical parametric oscillator (NesCOPO) with an OP-GaAs crystal. It is pumped with an actively Q-switched 2 µm Tm:YAP laser which has been made wavelength tunable with a transversally chirped volume Bragg grating. Important design and simulation works are made to ensure single longitudinal mode operation of the pump laser while maintaining its repetition rate and peak power and wavelength tunability. Finally, with this laser and a wavelength measurement system using pump/signal SFG to perform measurements in the 8 to 12 µm range, we experimentally show that wavelength tunability of a NesCOPO is wider and faster through pump wavelength tunning than through NesCOPO non-linear crystal temperature tunning
Portier, Benjamin. "Concepts 2D et 3D de résonateurs sub-longueur d'onde pour application à la photodétection." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00933300.
Full textLodewyck, Jérôme. "Dispositif de distribution quantique de clé avec des états cohérents à longueur d'onde télécom." Paris 11, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130680v2.
Full textEl, Ouachini Abdelkrim. "Etude de la détection des molécules neutres générées par ablation laser dans différentes conditions de longueur d'onde et d'irradiance." Metz, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998METZ053S.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to present the conception of experimental devices which allow the direct or non-direct coupling between laser pyrolysis (Py laser) of organic materials and their analyses by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The report describes more precisely the instrumentation and the ablation cells used for the connection between Py laser and GC/MS. Two main laser probe parameters are studied under two complementary axes : the laser wavelength and the power density. The first experimental part consisted in the study of carbon clusters Cn (n < 20) reactivity generated during laser-graphite target interaction. The power density was fixed at 2. 10 9 W. Cm-2 and under liquid or gaseous benzen. The synthetized compounds are solubilized in benzen and concentrated before analysis. This approach is described as an non direct coupling between Py laser and GC/MS. It has been possible to show the influence of the laser experimental parameters (wavelength of the laser, physical state of benzen) on the size and on the composition of the generated clusters. Such way confirms the C2 cluster agregation process. From these results, a new ablation rnicrocell connected directly to the GC/MS has been conceived. By using a such on-line coupling, Py laser-GC/MS of five synthetic polymers were realized under 10 8 W. Cm-2. Such lower power density was necessary to avoid some carbon clusters fragmentation processes which could be a negative effect for samples identification
Billet, Maximilien. "Photodétecteurs rapides à la longueur d’onde de 1550 nm pour la génération et la détection d’ondes sub-THz et THz." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I008/document.
Full textFast photodetectors are optoelectronic devices wich allow to generate and to detect electromagnetic waves at sub-THz and THz frequencies. This thesis presents the design, the fabrication and the characterization of fast photodetectors made using III-V semiconductors. The objective is to develop systems working at a wavelength of 1550nm, compatibleswith the telecommunication technologies. We will study in detail LT-GaAs photoconductors for sub-sampling, InAlAs/InGaAs-MSM photodetectors for sub-sampling and photomixing and InGaAs/InP UTC-photodiodes for photomixing
Zejli, Hasnae. "Détection et localisation par émission acoustique de fils rompus dans les ancrages des câbles d'ouvrage d'art." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1669.
Full textThe objective of this study is the development of a method based on acoustic emission (AB) for detection and localization of broken wires in the cables anchorages. The analysis of the behavior mechanical of a broken wire in a tented strand, anchored at its two ends and subjected to a dynamic bending contributed 10 understand the physical phenomenon detected by AB. The development of an analytical model allowed to determine the most favourable conditions of vibration for detection of broken wires. The control method used is based on the acoustic emissions of the cable under dynamic bending. The broken wire generates on acoustic emission due to friction by slip over its recovery length. However, the healthy wire starting from certain deviation amplitude, can slip and constitute an additional source of AB. These phenomena sources were identified thanks to the analysis methodology of the AB parameters. The work showed that the acoustic signature of interwire friction depends on the surface state, the number of vibration cycles and on the degree damage of the cable (a number of broken wires inside anchorage). The acoustic emission is a technique able to give a diagnosis on the degradation state of a cable inside its anchorage, at least in the laboratory conditions
Gascon, Hélène. "Détection de traces de gaz par spectroscopie à diode laser : application au sulfure d'hydrogène." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066513.
Full textBeaugeois, Maxime. "Modélisation et caractérisation de composants optiques submicroniques pour le démultiplexage en longueur d'onde : application de la résonance de plasmon de surface à la détection d'espèces biologiques en goutte." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-381.pdf.
Full textLambert, Girard Simon. "Détection de molécules par lidar agile multi-longueurs d'onde dans l'infrarouge moyen." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26425.
Full textThis thesis presents the proof-of-concept of a novel remote sensing system designed for the detection of molecular species, such as gas pollutants, via active Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) in the short and mid wavelength infrared (SWIR/MWIR). The system is designed to be used in applications where gases need to be detected at a distance of about one hundred meters with the use of non-cooperative targets such as topographical features. The system includes an Optical Parametric Generator (OPG) generating broad linewidth (10 to > 100 nm) pulses tunable between 1.5 and 3.8 µm. A telescope coupled to a grating spectrograph and an in-house gated MCT-APD measures the whole return spectrum of each pulse. Experiments show simultaneous detection in indoor atmospheric air and inside a cell of H2O and CO2 at 2 µm and H2O and CH4 at 3.3 µm. In the context of our experiment, the detection limits for CO2 and CH4 are 158 and 1 ppm·m, respectively. A new algorithm is also presented enabling the determination of concentrations when spectra include strong absorption features. The development of a dedicated Optical Parametric Generator (OPG) is presented in detail. Its use in remote sensing of gaseous pollutants offers some promising advantages. The OPG properties are studied numerically and experimentally in order to optimize its use for the application. We discuss trade-offs to be made on the properties of the pump, crystal and seeding signal in order to optimize the pulse spectral density and divergence while enabling energy scaling. A seed with a large spectral bandwidth is shown to enhance the pulse to pulse stability and optimize the pulse spectral density and divergence. A numerical model simulating the OPG process is proposed and includes the multiple wavelength nature of the beams. It shows excellent agreement with experimental output power. The model also explains the mechanisms of gain saturation in OPGs and helps finding means of enhancing the pulse to pulse stability.
Vekris, Antoine. "Développement d'applications de la PCR et d'analyses RFLP à la détection et au typage d'Ureaplasma urealyticum et Chlamydia trachomatis." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28272.
Full textJolivet, Véronique. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la vibrométrie laser à longue distance par lidar cohérent." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112313.
Full textRemote sensing of very low amplitude (few micrometers) vibration at long range is a growing need in the industry, both in the civilian sector to study the integrity of structure, and in the military sector to achieve target identification. Coherent lidars allow the measure of vibration speed around some micrometers per second at a range of several kilometers or even dozens of kilometres. They are based on the measure of the frequency shift due to Doppler effect suffered when backscattering on a moving target occurs. The scientific issue of the work reported in this thesis is to design a laser vibrometer measuring these low vibration speeds of non-cooperative targets at long range. A theoretical and experimental study is conducted, more particularly about the noise affecting the measure, and the coupling between the laser spot and the vibration patterns on the surface of the target. A simulator of the measure, validated by comparing experimental measurements on a model airplane with simulated measurements, is built to determine the system performance. Then the experimental demonstration of the ability of coherent lidar to perform long range and high sensitivity measurements is made on flying targets at 2. 5 km, and by very low frequency measures on buildings, using a 1. 55 micron all fibered lidar. Finally, the compensation of own platform vibration is studied in order to board the laser vibrometer on a moving carrier
Bertran, Pardo Oriol. "Utilisation de la détection cohérente pour les systèmes de transmission optique à 40 GB/s ET 100 GB/s." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00676633.
Full textBertran, Pardo Oriol. "Utilisation de la détection cohérente pour les systèmes de transmission optique à 40 Gb/s et 100 Gb/s." Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00676633.
Full textThe next generation of fibre-optic internet infrastructure will involve long-haul transmission systems with wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels at 40 and 100 Gb/s, and will be most likely based on coherent detection. This thesis focuses on these systems. We first demonstrate their unparallaled tolerance to linear fibre impairments, thanks to digital signal processing in the receiver, making them compatible with the legacy fibre infrastructure. Nevertheless, on top of linear fibre effects, optical systems may be limited by nonlinear fibre effects. This thesis gives insights on the nonlinear behaviour of signals detected with a coherent receiver, especially when multiplexed in polarisation. We show that the two polarisation components interact nonlinearly, which limits the system reach, even if a single channel is used. We particularly investigate the evolution of the impact of nonlinearities when increasing the bit rate from 40 to 100 Gb/s. We demonstrate that moving to higher symbol rates increases the tolerance to cross nonlinearities. This thesis also gives further insight on the interaction between polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) and nonlinearities. Unlike legacy systems, we have proved that, when distributed, PDM often turns out to be beneficial by reducing these nonlinear-induced penalities. On the contrary, when lumped, PDM may further increase the detrimental impact of nonlinearities. Finally, as a proof of the carriers' interest in 100 Gb/s technologies, this thesis reports the results of a field trial we have recently conducted on Telefónica's network in Spain showing the potential of coherent technologies to upgrade already deplyed networks
Lapointe, Eric. "Scanner pour tomographie optique diffuse sans contact à canaux de détection dans le domaine temporel à deux bandes de longueur d'onde pour imagerie intrinsèque et par fluorescence sur petit animal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1619.
Full textNguyen, Quang Vinh. "Contribution à l'étude de la physiologie de la chute du senior, application aux systèmes couplés pied-poignet." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1E006.
Full textAnet, Neto Luiz. "Étude des potentialités des techniques de modulation multiporteuse pour les futurs réseaux d'accès optique WDM et TDM PON." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cab79f38-79d8-4a40-b758-d014d6d0ee3e/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4021.pdf.
Full textMalgré son succès dans le domaine des radio-fréquences, l’OFDM n’a que récemment commencé à attirer l’attention de la communauté optique grâce à une remarquable évolution de l’électronique et aux demandes de débit de plus en plus élévées dans les réseaux d’accès. OFDM apparaît comme un très fort candidat pour fournir la flexibilité tant attendue dans les réseaux d’accès optiques "rigides" d’aujourd’hui ayant aussi le potentiel de permettre une évolution vers des débits, portées et nombre d’abonnés plus élévés. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur une approche de modulation en intensité et détection directe (IMDD) qui permet de conserver la simplicité sur le plan optique en transférant la complexité de la transmission au domaine du traitement numérique du signal. Ce travail se base sur deux axes principaux. Dans le premier, nous étudions l’influence de la réponse fréquentielle du canal, caracterisée par l’interaction entre la dispersion chromatique de la fibre optique et la modulation parasite en phase provenant de la source optique et les moyens d’optimiser le débit du système avec des algorithmes d’allocation de puissance et modulation. Deuxièmement, nous évaluons l’approche IMDD OFDM sous différentes architectures et techniques de partage des ressources du réseau entre les abonnées, à savoir les multiplexages en temps, longueur d’onde et fréquence
Straniero, Nicolas. "Étude, développement et caractérisation des miroirs des interféromètres laser de 2ème génération dédiés à la détection des ondes gravitationnelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10319/document.
Full textIn the year of 2015 the construction of the 2nd generation of detectors devoted to gravitational waves is going to be completed. These are large laser Michelson interferometers with arm respectively 3 km (Advanced Virgo) and 4 km (Advanced LIGO) in length. The gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein in 1916 within his theory of general relativity, have not been observed by the first generation of detectors. However, interferometers are now on the way of being ten times more sensitive than before, and so, on the 100th anniversary of the establishment of general relativity, the era of gravitational wave astronomy can start. If laser interferometer will be able to reach unprecedented sensitivity, it is thanks to new technological developments. In particular the new state of the art mirrors installed in the interferometer arms have exceptional performances. This thesis details the design, the development and the characterization of these remarkable large mirrors. My work will deal with the cavity optical loss due to the diffused light itself linked to the mirrors surface quality and to the high reflectivity coating uniformity. By studying the surface flatness, we will understand how it could be influenced by the deposition technique implemented in the coating machine. We will see also how to measure the mirror surfaces by wavelength shifting Fizeau interferometer. Finally, we will detail how we proceeded in order to reach the tight specifications for the mirrors, with in the end only tens of ppm for the cavity round trip losses
Toupin, Perrine. "Fibres optiques microstructurées en verre de chalcogénure pour la détection d'espèces chimiques et la conversion de longueurs d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910072.
Full textQuentel, Alain. "Développement d'un LIDAR à balayage pour la détection et la poursuite longue portée de drones." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMR011.
Full textMisuse of civil drones, or UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) has been a rising concern in the past few years. As a response, multiple systems including optics, electronics and even acoustics technologies have been developed for detection and tracking. Unfortunately, UAVs represent a challenging target to detect and track due to their small, decimetric size and large variability of shapes and behaviors. In this PhD, we developed and optimized a LiDAR (light detection and ranging) system to tackle this issue to distances up to a kilometer. In our system, range is acquired using the time of flight principle, and imagery done by sequentially scanning the scene with a dual-axis galvanometer. We took advantage of the scanning versatility to develop several operating modes. A standard detection mode captures the image of the scene using a raster-scan of large _eld of view. Tracking mode is based on a local pattern surrounding the target, which is updated at a very high rate to keep the target within its boundaries. Efforts were put into a theoretical and numerical optimization study of the numerous parameters involved in our scanning LiDAR, so as to reach su_cient performances in term of maximal range, localization resolution and rate. Pattern optimization for both detection and tracking mode was a primary focus, using the target probability of detection as the function to maximize. Target size, speed and re_ectivity was also introduced in the probability of detection, giving a complete overview of the system performance. On our LiDAR platform, developed from the ground up, each component was characterized to enrich and validate our models. This prototype was tested for UAVs detection and tracking during several weeks of trials. Following this success, a pre-industrial integration process was launched and supervised by the candidate
Rioublanc, Stéphanie. "Modèles à changements de régimes markoviens : détection des régimes, mémoire courte ou mémoire longue et prévision." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0013.
Full textThis thesis deals with Markov switching models. We investigate the possible detection of several states inside data issued from simulated Markov switching models aid of various empiricals estimators. We also study the long or short memory behavior of those models and compare their forecast performance with that of long memory models
Demur, Romain. "Apport de l'optique non linéaire à l'imagerie infrarouge pour la détection de cibles à longue distance." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS166/document.
Full textThere is a wide range of applications in active infrared detection technologies in defense and security. However, the limited range available by these systems limits their developments. Increasing sensors sensitivity is a key milestone to improve this range. Indeed, noise in infrared detectors is much higher than for visible detectors due to some physical and technological issues. The key idea of this manuscript is to use nonlinear optical technologies to convert the infrared signal to detect into the visible spectrum and use all the benefits of silicon based sensors. Recent advances in optical crystals and in pump laser regimes bring renewed interest to upconversion detection for some specific application cases identified in this thesis. A novel and easy method to improve the number of converted modes has been proposed after a careful study of multimode conversion both temporally and spatially. In order to give figures on detection improvement using upconversion, we conducted a theoretical and numerical study of the multimode conversion as well as two sets of experiments. The first one, using conversion in an OP-GaAs crystal and a monodetector addresses mid-infrared spectroscopy applications. The second one addresses active imaging applications for target recognition and identification in the near-infrared. By using a PPLN crystal, the near-infrared image is detected on a low noise CMOS camera. A key milestone of this work is the sensitivity improvement of such a detection. Sensitivities obtained in each experiment are one order of magnitude better than with direct detection using common infrared sensors
Charlet, Gabriel. "Etude des formats de modulation et des méthodes de détection pour les transmissions multiplexées en longueurs d’ondes sur fibre optique au débit de 40Gb/s et 100Gb/s." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112008/document.
Full textModulation and detection methods have been studied to improve the performance of optical long distance communication systems. Polarization division multiplexed modulation and multilevel phase modulation format have been evaluated. Coherent detection associated with digital signal processing has been selected at the receiver side to optimize system performance. This receiver design allows especially to compensate linear distortions induced by fiber optics propagation very efficiently. After long distance propagation, optical signal to noise ratio is a major limitation. The other main limitation comes from non linear interactions of light and fiber optics which put a limit on the maximum power to be injected within fiber optics.The first wavelength division multiplexed transmission over long distances (>1000km) using coherent detection has been demonstrated.Various strategies have been proposed to minimize the impact of non linear effect. The impact of polarisation multiplexing has been quantified in configuration where chromatic dispersion is either regularly optically compensated within the line or digitally compensated at the receiver end.The proposition to use a polarization multiplexed format using only 2 phase levels as well as the algorithms capable to detect them has been done. The performance gain obtained compared to the convention solution using 4 phase levels has been demonstrated.At 100Gb/s bit rate, the demonstration of the first transmission over trans-oceanic distance has also been done.These research work have been used to define and then develop Alcatel-Lucent products which are now commercialized, at 40Gb/s by using a polarization multiplexed and 2 phase levels modulation format, and at 100Gb/s by using a polarization multiplexed 4 phase levels format
Nardecchia, Ilaria. "Détection expérimentale de recrutements longues portées entre biomolécules dues à une force sélective et résonante : étude de faisabilité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4054.
Full textThe main subject of the present thesis work stems from the observation that the maintenance of cell functions is based on a precise orchestration of functional interactions between biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Although these basic processes generally do not exhibit strict spatial organization, they seem constrained into a very accurate temporal - or dynamic - pattern. This raises the question of what types of physical forces can, in the cellular microenvironments, bring the various actors of complex biochemical processes both in the right place, at the right time and in the right order so as to ensure the essential cellular functions. The existence of selective, long-range forces of electromagnetic nature that may be responsible for the extraordinary efficiency of the biomolecular machineries is predicted by quantum mechanics and electrodynamics ; long-range meaning here of the order of 0.1-1 micron, well beyond the traditionally recognized forces, electrostatic ones, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals-London, etc.). Yet, to date, no experimental test has been proposed to disprove or confirm the hypothesis of an effective exploitation of such electromagnetic forces in living matter. If these selective, long-range recruitment forces were found to be active at the biomolecular level, this would represent an important step forward to the understanding of fundamental cellular processes and mechanisms (gene expression, cell division, signalling, etc.)
Kammoun, Imen. "Modélisation et détection de ruptures des signaux physiologiques issus de compétitions d'endurance." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200441.
Full textCôté, Stéphane. "Élaboration d'un simulateur de liaison de communication optique à intensité modulée et détection directe, longue portée à grand débit." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ43804.pdf.
Full textRoland, Thibault. "Localized Surface Plasmon Imaging : a non intrusive optical tool to cover nanometer to micrometer scales in biological systems." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSL0538.
Full textMost of the microscopy techniques used to study biological samples or processes relies on the use of markers or physical probes, which may modify artificially the phenomena considered. So as to propose an alternate to these techniques, a high resolution Scanning Surface Plasmon Microscope (SSPM) has been developed. Plasmons consist in collective oscillations of the free electrons at the surface of a metal. A high numerical aperture objective focuses the incident light on a small area of the metal/observation medium interface, which leads to the localization and the structuring of these waves here. Finally, the local variations of the sample dielectric index are detected while scanning the sample surface. First of all, we present the experimental principle of the SSPM, as well as a modelization of its response thanks to a 3D resolution of the Maxwell's equations. In chapter two, we study the structure of the thin gold films used during the SSPM experiments, after being deposited onto glass substrates by thermal evaporation. We address in the third chapter the problem of imaging in air and in water isolated nanoparticles of different sizes (from 10 to 200 nm of diameter). We show that this method is well suited to visualize such objects and also to discriminate them from their size or the material they are made of (depending on their dielectric index). Finally, we apply in the last chapter the SSPM to the visualization of unlabelled biological samples, such as nucleosomes (nucleoproteic complexes of about 10 nm of diameter) as well as human fibroblasts in which we resolve several subcellular structures (nucleus, nucleolus, cytoskeleton structures)
Ollivier, Benjamin. "Acoustique longue portée pour transmission et localisation de signaux." Thesis, Télécom Bretagne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELB0413/document.
Full textThere is an increasing interest in underwater positioning system in industry (off-shore, military, and biology). In order to localize a receiver relative to a grid of transmitters, thanks to the knowledge of positions and transmission time, it needs to detect each signal and estimate the TOA (Time Of Arrival). Thus, a range between a transmitter and receiver can be deduced by estimation of TOA. When receiver knows three ranges at least, it can deduce its position by triangulation. This work takes into account signal detection, and waveform choice. Detection method, based on matched filter, needs to be robust face to propagation channel (transmission loss, multi-paths) and to the system (multi-users environment). Moreover, the detection structure, being a combination of binary hypothesis testing, must work in real time. In a CDMA context which requires to distinguish each transmitter, the FHSS (Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum) modulation, allocating one code per user, is adapted. FHSS signals performance, depending of the number of frequency shifts N and the time-bandwidth product, are analyzed from detection criterion point of view. Moreover, detection method and adapted signal is tested in a shallow water environment.The research was supported by ALSEAMAR and DGA-MRIS scholarship
Tison, Emmanuelle. "Détection d’oscillations de longues périodes dans la couronne solaire : analyse statistique des données EIT/SOHO à 19.5 nm pendant le cycle solaire 23." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112360.
Full textThe aim of the statistical study conducted during my PhD is to perform a systematic detection of ultra-long period intensity oscillations without a priori on the type of coronal structures using EIT data on board SOHO at 19. 5 nm from January 1997 to September 2008, i. E almost the entire solar cycle 23. We detected more than 400 oscillations whose periods range between 3. 4 and 13. 6 h with a more frequent period of 6-7h. Most of the oscillations are localized in active regions, in coronal loops and last several ten hours or so. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the possible instrumental sources and conclude that the observed signal is of solar origin. We discuss various hypotheses which could explain the behavior of the oscillations found. In particular, we suggest that the periodical intensity variations observed may be the result of a condensation cycle of the coronal plasma in loops
Sharma, Sanjay. "Performance Demonstration of Guided Waves based Structural Health Monitoring system for Aerospace Application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG073.
Full textGuided elastic waves emitted and received by thin piezoelectric transducers are recognized as a promising technology for several applications of Structural Health Monitoring, especially of aerospace components. Demonstration of the performances of such systems, often expressed in terms of Probability Of Detection (POD) curve, is a key enabler of the successful deployment of the technology in industry. POD curve experimental determination requires many instrumented samples making its cost prohibitive. A simulation-based approach, or model-assisted, is an attractive alternative. However, simulation in guided waves-based SHM and POD determination of such systems are so far limited due to a lack of specific methodology, procedures, appropriate statistical methods, and validation. This thesis proposes a general methodology for a model-assisted POD approach of guided waves based SHM, with a demonstration on monitoring of a growing crack from a hole in an aluminum plate. The methodology benefits from the efficient time domain transient spectral finite element simulation tool developed at CEA-List (CIVA SHM module) that allows to run the large simulation campaigns required to determine a POD curve. A new hybrid actuator model has been proposed in this work by considering the transducer frequency dependent behaviour and normal stress in addition to radial stress as a surface loads to enable the use of simulation on a higher range of excitation frequencies, suitable for the targeted application. Two recent suitable statistical methods: length-at-detection and random effects, have then been adapted to estimate and to compare the POD curve from both experimental and simulated datasets. The Bayesian approach is found to be more useful in model parameter estimation of random effects method for comparing the uncertainty bound for each model parameter from experimental and simulated datasets than Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Finally, a sample size determination study has been conducted based on the random effects method to identify how many samples are required to achieve the requirement of a particular SHM application. All these results show great confidence in the model-assisted approach to POD estimation methodology and confirm the potential of this solution as a cost-effective tool for performance demonstration of guided waves-based SHM systems
Charlet, Gabriel. "Etude des formats de modulation et des méthodes de détection pour les transmissions multiplexées en longueurs d'ondes sur fibre optique au débit de 40Gb/s et 100Gb/s." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769923.
Full textDavy, Matthieu. "Application du retournement en micro-ondes à l'amplification d'impulsions et l'imagerie." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077219.
Full textTime Reversal (TR) methods are applied in microwaves to pulse amplification and imaging. First, we use a reverberation chamber with an aperture on the front face and we take advantage of the pulse compression property of time reversal. High amplitude peaks are generated outside the chamber thanks to the long spreading time of the signals inside. Our device is auto-adaptive in position and in polarization. The second part of the manuscript deals theoretically and experimentally with the DORT method (decomposition of the TR operator). The method is first applied to characterize a dielectric cylinder and work out its parameters. Imaging of two close scatterers separated by a subwavelength distance is then considered. A criterion is especially extracted to deduce the noise level above which the resolution fails. Furthermore, we use thé DORT method to track experimentally people behind a wall. The wave propagation inside the wall is taken into account to localize a human being. This last part leads to the study of the invariants of the TR operator when a pointlike target is moving during the acquisition of the transfer matrix. Eventually, we introduce thé first wideband ambient noise cross-correlation experiment in microwaves. The cross-correlation yields the Green's function between two antennas and allows the passive detection and localization of targets. The analogy with a TR process is developed. Passive people localization is also achieved with the narrow bandwidth signals emitted by a WIFI router
Roland, Thibault. "Microscopie par Plasmons de Surface Localisés : un outil d'imagerie optique non intrusif pouvant couvrir les échelles du nanomètre au micromètre en biologie." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441957.
Full textCumunel, Gwendal. "Extensomètres à fibre optique Longue Base (ELB) pour l'évaluation dynamique des structures." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004349.
Full textAssad, Joseph El. "Analysis of self-mixing moderate and strong feedback regimes for mechatronics applications." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT033H.
Full textIn this work, the physical theory of the self-mixing effect is introduced and then a state of the art of its main applications in the different fields of instrumentation is accomplished. A detailed study of the self-mixing signal in the moderate feedback regime is achieved introducing the effect of "loss of peaks", its physical interpretation, mechanisms and effect on different types of displacement measurement. Afterwards, the discrepancy concerning the strong feedback regime was cleared out showing that it may be used for relative displacement measurement. A detailed study of this regime covers its statistical aspect and the influence of different parameters on this aspect. Finally, the self-mixing sensor under strong feedback was introduced in modal analysis applications after being characterized. It was applied to study a clamped plate or to detect damage in carbon fiber CFBs
Linardi, Michele. "Variable-length similarity search for very large data series : subsequence matching, motif and discord detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB056.
Full textData series (ordered sequences of real valued points, a.k.a. time series) has become one of the most important and popular data-type, which is present in almost all scientific fields. For the last two decades, but more evidently in this last period the interest in this data-type is growing at a fast pace. The reason behind this is mainly due to the recent advances in sensing, networking, data processing and storage technologies, which have significantly assisted the process of generating and collecting large amounts of data series. Data series similarity search has emerged as a fundamental operation at the core of several analysis tasks and applications related to data series collections. Many solutions to different data mining problems, such as Clustering, Subsequence Matching, Imputation of Missing Values, Motif Discovery, and Anomaly detection work by means of similarity search. Data series indexes have been proposed for fast similarity search. Nevertheless all existing indexes can only answer queries of a single length (fixed at index construction time), which is a severe limitation. In this regard, all solutions for the aforementioned problems require the prior knowledge of the series length, on which similarity search is performed. Consequently, the user must know the length of the expected results, which is often an unrealistic assumption. This aspect is thus of paramount importance. In several cases, the length is a critical parameter that heavily influences the quality of the final outcome. In this thesis, we propose scalable solutions that enable variable-length analysis of very large data series collections. We propose ULISSE, the first data series index structure designed for answering similarity search queries of variable length. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we introduce a novel representation technique, which effectively and succinctly summarizes multiple sequences of different length. Based on the proposed index, we describe efficient algorithms for approximate and exact similarity search, combining disk based index visits and in-memory sequential scans. Our approach supports non Z-normalized and Z-normalized sequences, and can be used with no changes with both Euclidean Distance and Dynamic Time Warping, for answering both κ-NN and ε-range queries. We experimentally evaluate our approach using several synthetic and real datasets. The results show that ULISSE is several times, and up to orders of magnitude more efficient in terms of both space and time cost, when compared to competing approaches. Subsequently, we introduce a new framework, which provides an exact and scalable motif and discord discovery algorithm that efficiently finds all motifs and discords in a given range of lengths. The experimental evaluation we conducted over several diverse real datasets show that our approaches are up to orders of magnitude faster than the alternatives. We moreover demonstrate that we can remove the unrealistic constraint of performing analytics using a predefined length, leading to more intuitive and actionable results, which would have otherwise been missed
Dourisboure, Yon. "Routage compact et longueur arborescente." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12760.
Full textIn a network, the ability to construct efficent routing schemes is crucial. Each unit, with its local knowledge of the network, has to be able to decide in which direction to forward the message. In the first part of this thesis, we construct compact routing schemes for chordal graphs and for graphs which admit tree-decomposition with small diameter bags. In this work, it appeared to us that, to construct additive streched routing schemes, it seems more judicious to consider the diameter of the bags rather than their cardinality (the tree-width), the diameter of a bag is the longest distance between two of its vertices. In this way, we introdice a new invariant fo graphs : the tree-length, with complete the notion of tree-width. In the second part, we sho tha this new parameter is useful in the construction of routing schemes, of distance labellings, and of sparse spanners. Then we compute the tree-length of any outer-planer graphs and of any grid. We show that it is not possible to minimize both length and width in a same tréé-decomposition. Finally we study two algrorithms and we propose a heuristic, all three of wich approximate the tree-length of any graph
Qin, Hao. "Sécurité pratique de systèmes de cryptographie quantique : étude d'attaques et développement de contre-mesures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0040.
Full textIn this thesis, I study a cryptographic primitive called quantum key distribution which allows two remote parties to share a secret key, in the presence of an eavesdropper, whose power is only limited by the laws of quantum physics. I focus my study on the implementation and the practical security of continuousvariable protocols. For the first time, I have proposed and studied a detector-based side channel attack on a continuous-variable system : saturation attack. This attack opens a new security loophole that we have characterized experimentally in our laboratory, on a real continuous-variable system. Finally, we have demonstrated experimentally for the first time the feasibility of a continuous-variable system deployment in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing network, where quantum signals coexist with intense classical signals in a same fiber
Garnot, Mathieu. "Réseaux optiques de télécommunications multiplexés en longueur d'onde : Architectures et stratégies d'allocation de la longueur d'onde." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112460.
Full textOtero-Garcia, Sílvio César [UNESP]. "Integrale, Longueur, Aire de Henri Lebesgue." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/133947.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Ce thèse porte sur une traduction et analyse de la thèse de doctorat d’Henri Lebesgue Intégrale, Longueur, Aire. Il s’agit d’une thèse parue en 1902 dans laquelle Lebesgue présente la théorie de la mesure et d’intégration ayant son nom. La traduction, de toute fidélité possible à son original, a pour base la méthodologie de Vinay et Darbelnet (1977). L’analyse se développe à partir du référentiel théorique de l’herméneutique des profondeurs plus spécifiquement, Thompson (2011). Notre intention est de rendre plus accessible une source originale en langue étrangère, le portugais du Brésil dans ce cas, pour contribuer avec les études en Histoire Mathématique mais aussi en avoir comme un outil pédagogique pour l’enseignement des mathématiques.
Neste trabalho traduzimos e analisamos a tese de doutorado de Henri Lebesgue Inté- grale, Longueur, Aire. Publicada em 1902, é nela que Lebesgue apresenta a teoria da medida e integração que levam o seu nome. A tradução, que pretende ser o mais fiel pos- sível ao original, foi feita seguindo a metodologia de Vinay e Darbelnet (1977). A análise foi respaldada pelo referencial teórico da hermenêutica das profundidades proposta por Thompson (2011). O nosso objetivo geral é disponibilizar uma fonte original mais aces- sível para pesquisas em história da matemática bem como facilitar seu uso como recuso pedagógico na educação matemática; trazendo, assim, contribuições para essas áreas do conhecimento.
This thesis deals with the translation and analysis of Henri Lebesgue doctoral thesis, Integrale, Longueur, Aire. Published in 1902, this thesis presents the Lebesgue measure theory and integration named after him. The translation, intended to be as faithful to the original as possible, is based on Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1977) methodology. The analysis is developed from the theoretical reference of the deep hermeneutics, more specifically, Thompson (2011). Our intention is to make available an original source in Portuguese to help with Brazilian studies in History of Mathematics and also ease its use as na educational tool for math teaching.
FAPESP: 2010/18737-1
Otero-Garcia, Sílvio César. "Integrale, longueur, aire de Henri Lebesgue /." Rio Claro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/133947.
Full textBanca: Marta Cilene Gadotti
Banca: Carlos Roberto de Moraes
Banca: Denise de Mattos
Banca: Maria Laura Magalhães Gomes
Resumo: Neste trabalho traduzimos e analisamos a tese de doutorado de Henri Lebesgue Inté- grale, Longueur, Aire. Publicada em 1902, é nela que Lebesgue apresenta a teoria da medida e integração que levam o seu nome. A tradução, que pretende ser o mais fiel pos- sível ao original, foi feita seguindo a metodologia de Vinay e Darbelnet (1977). A análise foi respaldada pelo referencial teórico da hermenêutica das profundidades proposta por Thompson (2011). O nosso objetivo geral é disponibilizar uma fonte original mais aces- sível para pesquisas em história da matemática bem como facilitar seu uso como recuso pedagógico na educação matemática; trazendo, assim, contribuições para essas áreas do conhecimento
Résumé: Ce thèse porte sur une traduction et analyse de la thèse de doctorat d'Henri Lebesgue Intégrale, Longueur, Aire. Il s'agit d'une thèse parue en 1902 dans laquelle Lebesgue présente la théorie de la mesure et d'intégration ayant son nom. La traduction, de toute fidélité possible à son original, a pour base la méthodologie de Vinay et Darbelnet (1977). L'analyse se développe à partir du référentiel théorique de l'herméneutique des profondeurs plus spécifiquement, Thompson (2011). Notre intention est de rendre plus accessible une source originale en langue étrangère, le portugais du Brésil dans ce cas, pour contribuer avec les études en Histoire Mathématique mais aussi en avoir comme un outil pédagogique pour l'enseignement des mathématiques
Abstract: This thesis deals with the translation and analysis of Henri Lebesgue doctoral thesis, Integrale, Longueur, Aire. Published in 1902, this thesis presents the Lebesgue measure theory and integration named after him. The translation, intended to be as faithful to the original as possible, is based on Vinay and Darbelnet's (1977) methodology. The analysis is developed from the theoretical reference of the deep hermeneutics, more specifically, Thompson (2011). Our intention is to make available an original source in Portuguese to help with Brazilian studies in History of Mathematics and also ease its use as na educational tool for math teaching
Doutor
EL, HAFIDI IDRISS. "Interferometrie holographique multiplexee en longueur d'onde." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13228.
Full textBouchard, Jean-Pierre. "Étude de la conversion de longueur d'onde." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ56394.pdf.
Full textRiasse, Clément. "Structurations sub-longueur d'onde pour l'imagerie thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP040.
Full textInfrared imaging systems include two types of detectors: cooled detectors (quantum detectors, expensive but with high performance) and uncooled detectors (thermal sensors, low cost). The latter family includes microbolometers. An important part of the price of a thermal camera is due to the optical system, especially when the pixel pitch is reduced and when it becomes necessary to increase the aperture to keep an equivalent image quality. This enhancement of the optical performances requires the use of more complex systems composed of several lenses, possibly aspheric. This results in an increase of the final cost of the infrared camera. This thesis aims to reduce the cost of the optical system by replacing by a metasurface one or more lenses needed to obtain a good image quality. Metasurfaces are planar optical elements that can be fabricated using the low-cost collective fabrication processes routinely used in microelectronics. For operating wavelengths in the LWIR range (8-14 µm), we realized the optical functions of our metasurfaces by etching sub-wavelength structures (meta-atoms) on a silicon wafer with a photolithography-based process. The objective of the thesis was to demonstrate the possibility to use a metasurface as a phase plate to correct geometrical aberrations achromatically over the LWIR band. We have first studied the simultaneous correction of spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of a commercial lens. To this effect, the required phase function has been calculated with a ray tracing software and then a library of meta-atoms able to realize this phase was designed with rigorous electromagnetic simulations. The control of the phase dispersion imposes some constraints and limitations that have been highlighted in this work. The fabrication of several samples followed the design. The characterization of the samples using a wavefront sensor validated the correction of the spherical aberration over the whole LWIR band. The correction of on and off-axis aberrations at the same time on the LWIR band was also studied for an optical system closer to the applications targeted by the industrial partner
Ysard, Nathalie. "Emission à grande longueur d'onde des PAH interstellaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385070.
Full textL'objectif central de ma thèse est la compréhension de l'émission des PAHs interstellaires à grande longueur d'onde en vue de mieux contraindre leurs propriétés et de préparer l'analyse des données Planck-Herschel. Mon travail de thèse a consisté en deux parties complémentaires : modélisation de l'émission des PAHs interstellaires de l'IR proche au centimètre, puis confrontation de ce modèle aux observations disponibles dans le but d'obtenir un modèle physique.
La première partie de mon travail de modélisation concerne l'émission rovibrationnelle des PAHs. J'ai adopté une section efficace déduite des observations ISO et Spitzer pour λ ≤ 20 µm. A plus grande longueur d'onde, trois modes vibrationnels ont été ajouté à partir des travaux théoriques de Malloci et al. (2007). Ce modèle permet de reproduire le spectre du milieu diffus et d'une région de photodissociation avec un mélange de PAHs neutres et ionisés. J'ai par ailleurs montré que si l'émission rovibrationnelle des PAHs dans l'IR moyen est proportionnelle à l'intensité du champ de rayonnement, ce n'est plus le cas pour λ ≥ 3 mm. La seconde partie a consisté en la modélisation de l'émission purement rotationnelle des PAHs. J'ai utilisé des propriétés moléculaires réalistes et traité les interactions avec les atomes et les ions du gaz interstellaire. L'excitation et le freinage par émission de photons rotationnels et rovibrationnels ont également été inclus. L'émission rotationnelle en bande large a été estimée pour une large gamme de conditions astrophysiques et de propriétés des grains. J'ai par ailleurs mis en évidence l'indépendance du spectre d'émission rotationnelle par rapport à l'intensité du champ de rayonnement G0 et à la densité du milieu dans lequel les grains se trouvent nH (G0 ≤ 100 et nH ≤ 30 cm-3).
J'ai ensuite confronté les résultats de cette modélisation aux observations disponibles. La première étape a été l'extraction de l'émission anormale des données WMAP, à laquelle j'ai participé. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence l'existence d'une composante anormale forte, non polarisée, à 23 GHz. Elle a été incluse dans le Planck Sky Model. Pour la première fois, nous avons pu montrer que l'émission anormale est bien corrélée avec l'émission des poussières et que cette corrélation est meilleure à 12 µm (caractéristique des PAHs) qu'à 100 µm (caractéristique de grains plus gros). J'ai également montré l'indépendance de l'émission anormale par rapport à l'intensité du champ de rayonnement, une des prédictions du modèle. Les caractéristiques des grains déduites de l'émission anormale sont par ailleurs en accord avec celles déduites de l'émission IR. J'ai également étudié la région moléculaire G159.6-18.5 dans Persée et montré que son spectre d'émission anormale est bien ajusté avec une distribution de tailles bimodale, en accord avec les travaux théoriques de Le Page et al. (2003).
Colas, Des Francs Gérard. "Optique sub-longueur d'onde et fluorescence moléculaire perturbée." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002498.
Full textDiener, Pascale. "Longueur de pénétration magnétique dans des supraconducteurs exotiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439559.
Full textLarger, Laurent. "Cryptage de signaux par chaos en longueur d'onde." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA2035.
Full textColas, des Francs Gérard. "Optique sub-longueur d'onde et fluorescence moléculaire perturbée." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30095.
Full textWe propose here to study near-field optics interaction with a fluorescent molecule. In the first part, we use the Drude-Lorentz model to describe the fluorescent signal in confined geometry. That leads us to introduce the field-susceptibility formalism. The field-susceptibility is a tensor which gives the electric field scattered by an oscillating dipole, taking into account the surroundings influence. Then, we apply this formalism to two configurations of scanning near-field optical microscopes using a single fluorescent molecule probe as a detector or a light source. In particular, we precise the role of the local density of states in the images formation. .
Bouslimani, Yassine. "Filtrage en longueur d'onde par fibre optique monomode." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES024.
Full textTotel, Eric. "Techniques de détection d'erreur appliquées à la détection d'intrusion." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763746.
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