Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Longitudinal survey'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Longitudinal survey.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Longitudinal survey.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Vieira, Marcel de Toledo. "Modelling complex longitudinal survey data." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423245.
Full text
2
Boudreau, Christian. "Duration Data Analysis in Longitudinal Survey." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1043.
Full textAbstract:
Considerable amounts of event history data are collected through longitudinal surveys. These surveys have many particularities or features that are the results of the dynamic nature of the population under study and of the fact that data collected through longitudinal surveys involve the use of complex survey designs, with clustering and stratification. These particularities include: attrition, seam-effect, censoring, left-truncation and complications in the variance estimation due to the use of complex survey designs. This thesis focuses on the last two points.
Statistical methods based on the stratified Cox proportional hazards model that account for intra-cluster dependence, when the sampling design is uninformative, are proposed. This is achieved using the theory of estimating equations in conjunction with empirical process theory. Issues concerning analytic inference from survey data and the use of weighted versus unweighted procedures are also discussed. The proposed methodology is applied to data from the U. S. Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).
Finally, different statistical methods for handling left-truncated sojourns are explored and compared. These include the conditional partial likelihood and other methods, based on the Exponential or the Weibull distributions.
3
Prue, Gillian Elizabeth. "Fatigue in gynaecological cancer : a prospective longitudinal survey." Thesis, Ulster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485935.
Full textAbstract:
Fatigue in gynaecological cancer has received minimal investigation. The aims of the longitudinal survey were therefore to analyse the fatigue experienced over 12 months by a gynaecological cancer population, to determine if the fatigue was more severe than that reported by non-cancer female volunteers, and to explore the variables associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Methods: A feasibility study was carried out to ensure the chosen fatigue questionnaire was acceptable to individuals with gynaecological cancer and to test operational aspects of the main study. A 'multiple point prospective longitudinal survey was implemented involving gynaecological cancer patients from three cancer centres, and a group of age and gender matched controls with no cancer history. Data was collected at various predetermined intervals over a 12 month period post surgery (if indicated); before, during and after anti-cancer treatment. Fatigue was assessed using the MFSI-SF. Results: Sixty-five cancer patients (mean age 57.4, SD 13.9) and 60 non-cancer subjects (mean age 55.4, SD 13.6) participated. General Linear Modelling (GLM) indicated that females with cancer 'had significantly worse fatigue than females with no cancer history at all time points (p = 0.00). The level of CRF changed with time (p = 0.02). A forward stepwise regression demonstrated that psychological distress level, as measured by the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL), was the only independent predictor of CRF during, anti-cancer treatment (p = 0.00). After treatment, both psychological distress level (p = 0.00) and physical symptom distress (p = 0.03) as measured by the RSCL were independent predictors of fatigue. Conclusions: Individuals with gynaecological cancer experienced significantly worse fatigue than non-cancer females during and after anti-cancer treatment. Psychological distress was found to be an important indicator of.CRF in this population. These findings indicate a need for further research regarding the management ofCRF in women with gynaecological cancer.
4
Domrow, Nathan Craig. "Design, maintenance and methodology for analysing longitudinal social surveys, including applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16518/1/Nathan_Domrow_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the design, maintenance and statistical analysis involved in undertaking a Longitudinal Survey.
A longitudinal survey (or study) obtains observations or responses from individuals over several times over a defined period. This enables the direct study of changes in an individual's response over time. In particular, it distinguishes an individual's change over time from the baseline differences among individuals within the initial panel (or cohort). This is not possible in a cross-sectional study. As such, longitudinal surveys give correlated responses within individuals. Longitudinal studies therefore require different considerations for sample design and selection and analysis from standard cross-sectional studies.
This thesis looks at the methodology for analysing social surveys. Most social surveys comprise of variables described as categorical variables.
This thesis outlines the process of sample design and selection, interviewing and analysis for a longitudinal study. Emphasis is given to categorical response data typical of a survey.
Included in this thesis are examples relating to the Goodna Longitudinal Survey and the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA). Analysis in this thesis also utilises data collected from these surveys. The Goodna Longitudinal Survey was conducted by the Queensland Office of Economic and Statistical Research (a portfolio office within Queensland Treasury) and began in 2002. It ran for two years whereby two waves of responses were collected.
5
Domrow, Nathan Craig. "Design, maintenance and methodology for analysing longitudinal social surveys, including applications." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16518/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the design, maintenance and statistical analysis involved in undertaking a Longitudinal Survey. A longitudinal survey (or study) obtains observations or responses from individuals over several times over a defined period. This enables the direct study of changes in an individual's response over time. In particular, it distinguishes an individual's change over time from the baseline differences among individuals within the initial panel (or cohort). This is not possible in a cross-sectional study. As such, longitudinal surveys give correlated responses within individuals. Longitudinal studies therefore require different considerations for sample design and selection and analysis from standard cross-sectional studies. This thesis looks at the methodology for analysing social surveys. Most social surveys comprise of variables described as categorical variables. This thesis outlines the process of sample design and selection, interviewing and analysis for a longitudinal study. Emphasis is given to categorical response data typical of a survey. Included in this thesis are examples relating to the Goodna Longitudinal Survey and the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA). Analysis in this thesis also utilises data collected from these surveys. The Goodna Longitudinal Survey was conducted by the Queensland Office of Economic and Statistical Research (a portfolio office within Queensland Treasury) and began in 2002. It ran for two years whereby two waves of responses were collected.
6
Taylor, Candace Regina. "A longitudinal survey of household factors in childhood injury : the national maternal and infant health survey 1988-1991 /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193272068374.
Full text
7
Pollock, Gary Peter Samuel. "Young people's employment biographies since the Second World War : a longitudinal analysis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288117.
Full text
8
Roorda, Matthew J. "Toronto area car ownersyhip study, a longitudinal survey and a preliminary analysis of results." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq40926.pdf.
Full text
9
Choga, Ngonidzashe Nicholas. "The effects of monetary and non-monetary incentives on respondent attrition in longitudinal survey." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31393.
Full textAbstract:
Longitudinal studies are essential for governments and organizations as they help in making decisions that are based on factual data. Longitudinal studies collect data repeatedly from a set of participants over a period of time, enabling the tracking and studying of entity behaviour at individual, organizational, and national levels. One major challenge facing longitudinal data collection is the attrition of subjects during the course of the study, which is the continuous loss of participants during a longitudinal survey due to verbal drop-outs and non-response. Attrition can render datasets useless due to incomplete entries, making it one of the most significant weaknesses of longitudinal surveys. In order to explore the effects of incentives on attrition, this research project studies the effects of monetary and non-monetary incentives on explicit (subject says s/he does not want to be part of the study) and implicit (non-response) attrition. In particular, this study uses telephonically delivered feedback, derived from participant responses, as non-monetary incentives. To measure the effects of incentives on attrition, the study gave four treatments groups —50 participants each—mobile credit, verbally delivered feedback, machine delivered feedback and no incentive. After monitoring their attrition, over a 12-week period that involved bi-weekly surveys, a generalised linear model and Cochran’s q-test were used to find that monetary incentives remain the strongest in under-served community settings. It was not only found that monetary incentive treatments completed the most surveys most weeks, but also had the least explicit attrition. Surprisingly it was also found that machine delivered feedback performed similarly to mobile credit when the cost, social impact and participant behaviour in terms of their survey completion and attrition is assessed.
10
Pachos, Alexander. "An Empirical Study of Cave Passage Dimensions Using Augmented Radial and Longitudinal Survey Data." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1221760340.
Full text
11
McCUBBIN, DIANE KALLMEYER. "LONGITUDINAL SURVEY OF THE UPPER OHIO RIVER WITH IMPLICATIONS ON THE IMPACT OF TRIBUTARIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123878281.
Full text
12
Khurana, Indu. "Three Essays on a Longitudinal Analysis of Business Start-ups using the Kauffman Firm Survey." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/765.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focused on the longitudinal analysis of business start-ups using three waves of data from the Kauffman Firm Survey.
The first essay used the data from years 2004-2008, and examined the simultaneous relationship between a firm’s capital structure, human resource policies, and its impact on the level of innovation. The firm leverage was calculated as, debt divided by total financial resources. Index of employee well-being was determined by a set of nine dichotomous questions asked in the survey. A negative binomial fixed effects model was used to analyze the effect of employee well-being and leverage on the count data of patents and copyrights, which were used as a proxy for innovation. The paper demonstrated that employee well-being positively affects the firm's innovation, while a higher leverage ratio had a negative impact on the innovation. No significant relation was found between leverage and employee well-being.
The second essay used the data from years 2004-2009, and inquired whether a higher entrepreneurial speed of learning is desirable, and whether there is a linkage between the speed of learning and growth rate of the firm. The change in the speed of learning was measured using a pooled OLS estimator in repeated cross-sections. There was evidence of a declining speed of learning over time, and it was concluded that a higher speed of learning is not necessarily a good thing, because speed of learning is contingent on the entrepreneur's initial knowledge, and the precision of the signals he receives from the market. Also, there was no reason to expect speed of learning to be related to the growth of the firm in one direction over another.
The third essay used the data from years 2004-2010, and determined the timing of diversification activities by the business start-ups. It captured when a start-up diversified for the first time, and explored the association between an early diversification strategy adopted by a firm, and its survival rate. A semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the survival pattern. The results demonstrated that firms diversifying at an early stage in their lives show a higher survival rate; however, this effect fades over time.
13
Cernat, Alexandru. "Evaluating mode differences in longitudinal data : moving to a mixed mode paradigm of survey methodology." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15739/.
Full textAbstract:
Collecting and combining data using multiple modes of interview (e.g., face-to- face, telephone, Web) is becoming common practice in survey agencies. This is also true for longitudinal studies, a special type of survey that applies questionnaires repeatedly to the same respondents. In this PhD I investigate if and how collecting information using different modes can impact data quality in panel studies. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate how a sequential telephone - face-to-face mixed mode design can bias reliability, validity and estimates of change compared to a single mode. In order to achieve this goal I have used an experimental design from the Understanding Society Innovation Panel. The analyses have shown that there are only small differences in reliability and validity between the two modes but estimates of change might be overestimated in the mixed modes design. Chapter 4 investigates the measurement differences between face-to-face, telephone and Web on three scales: depression, physical activity and religiosity. We use a quasi-experimental (cross-over) design in the Health and Retirement Study. The results indicate systematic differences between interviewer modes and Web. We propose social desirability and recency as possible explanations. In Chapter 5 we investigate using the Understanding Innovation Panel if the extra contact by email leads to increased propensity to participate in a sequential Web - face-to-face design. Using the experimental nature of our data we show that the extra contact by email in the mixed mode survey does not increase participation likelihood. One of the main difficulties in the research of (mixed) modes designs is separating the effects of selection and measurement of the modes. Chapter 6 tackles this issue by proposing equivalence testing, a statistical approach to control for measurement differences across groups, as a front-door approach to disentangle these two. A simulation study shows that this approach works and highlights the bias when the two main assumptions don't hold.
14
Arora, Catharine Maria Jacoba. "A longitudinal survey of secondary school pupils' perceptions of the definition, incidence and processes of bullying." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264441.
Full text
15
Le, Thu Huong. "Statistical analysis of intergenerational transmission in health and human capital: Evidence from longitudinal survey of Australian children." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122965/1/Thu_Le_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Using data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of Australian children, this thesis contributes to the emerging body of literature on intergenerational transmission in health and human capital by presenting the causal estimates on the impacts of maternal and paternal health on children's health, cognitive and non-cognitive development in their early lives. The results have highlighted that failing to control for the child-parent unobservable characteristics may result in an over-estimation of the detrimental impact of poor parental health and health shocks on child development. The results also indicate detrimental effects of poor parental health on selected cognitive and non-cognitive skills of children.
16
Lohano, Hari Ram. "Agricultural Growth and Poverty Dynamics in Rural Pakistan : A Longitudinal Survey in Sindh Province (1987/88 - 2004/05)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507773.
Full text
17
Murray, Susan Jennifer. "Growing up in the 1990s : tracks and trajectories of the 'Rising 16's' : a longitudinal analysis using the British Household Panel Survey." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3447.
Full textAbstract:
Sociologists are generally in agreement that the closing decades of the twentieth century involved striking changes in the landscape against which British young people grew up. Transformations in education and the labour market had the potential to dramatically alter and re-shape patterns of social inequality. This thesis addresses the importance of family effects upon educational attainment, early career prospects and, in turn, the post-16 trajectories of young adults against the contextual changes of this period. Recently, youth researchers have been keen to argue that we are continuing to progress towards a ‘post-modern era’, which centres on the ‘individualisation’ or ‘detraditionalisation’ arguments of Beck and Giddens; where structural factors, such as gender and social class are diminishing as the defining elements of the pathway a young person will take. In this study, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), a contemporary source of longitudinal data from the early 1990s onwards, is used to demonstrate a lack of evidence of detraditionalisation, or the weakening of structural factors in determining the outcomes of young people. To the contrary, the gap between those from advantaged and less advantaged backgrounds remains wide. Furthermore, this research augments and extends previous studies of educational and early labour market outcomes by providing more comprehensive and integrated statistical analyses of household, family and parental effects, using techniques for longitudinal data analysis which give insight into patterns of social inequality being replicated in current contexts. Evidence using 17 years of longitudinal panel data indicate that, over time, family effects on school attainment and early labour market outcomes remain strong.
18
Davis, Brett Andrew, and Brett Davis@abs gov au. "Inference for Discrete Time Stochastic Processes using Aggregated Survey Data." The Australian National University. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040806.104137.
Full textAbstract:
We consider a longitudinal system in which transitions between the states are governed by a discrete time finite state space stochastic process X. Our aim, using aggregated sample survey data of the form typically collected by official statistical agencies, is to undertake model based inference for the underlying process X. We will develop inferential techniques for continuing sample surveys of two distinct types. First, longitudinal surveys in which the same individuals are sampled in each cycle of the survey. Second, cross-sectional
surveys which sample the same population in successive cycles but with no attempt to track particular individuals from one cycle to the next. Some of the basic results have appeared in Davis et al (2001) and Davis et al (2002).¶ Longitudinal surveys provide data in the form of transition frequencies between the states of X. In Chapter Two we develop a method for modelling and estimating the one-step transition probabilities in the case where X is a non-homogeneous Markov chain and transition frequencies are observed at unit time intervals. However, due to their expense, longitudinal surveys are typically conducted at widely, and sometimes irregularly, spaced time points. That is, the observable frequencies pertain to multi-step transitions. Continuing to assume the Markov property for X, in Chapter Three, we show that these multi-step transition frequencies can be stochastically interpolated to provide accurate estimates of the one-step transition probabilities of the underlying process. These estimates for a unit time increment can be used to calculate estimates of expected future occupation time, conditional on an individuals state at initial point of observation, in the different states of X.¶ For reasons of cost, most statistical collections run by official agencies are cross-sectional sample surveys. The data observed from an on-going survey of this type are marginal frequencies in the states of X at a sequence of time points. In Chapter Four we develop a model based technique for estimating the marginal probabilities of X using data of this form. Note that, in contrast to the longitudinal case, the Markov assumption does not simplify inference based on marginal frequencies. The marginal probability estimates enable estimation of future occupation times (in each of the states of X) for an individual of unspecified initial state. However, in the applications of the technique that we discuss (see Sections 4.4 and 4.5) the estimated occupation times will be conditional on both gender and initial age of individuals.¶ The longitudinal data envisaged in Chapter Two is that obtained from the surveillance of the same sample in each cycle of an on-going survey. In practice, to preserve data quality it is necessary to control respondent burden using sample rotation. This is usually achieved using a mechanism known as rotation group sampling. In Chapter Five we consider the particular form of rotation group sampling used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in their Monthly Labour Force Survey (from which official estimates of labour force participation rates are produced). We show that our approach to estimating the one-step transition probabilities of X from transition frequencies observed at incremental time intervals, developed in Chapter Two, can be modified to deal with data collected under this sample rotation scheme. Furthermore, we show that valid inference is possible even when the Markov property does not hold for the underlying process.
19
Wickham, Cheryl E. "Government pharmaceutical subsidy policy and the demand for health care in Russia : evidence from the Russia longitudinal monitoring survey /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7513.
Full text
20
Poznyak, Dmytro. "The American Attitude: Priming Issue Agendas and Longitudinal Dynamic of Political Trust." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342715776.
Full text
21
Holmström, Stefan. "Workplace stress measured by Job Stress Survey and relationships to musculoskeletal complaints." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1615.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate and test the Job Stress Survey (JSS, Spielberger, 1991; Spielberger & Vagg, 1999), a self-report instrument which assesses workplace stress. In the thesis a thorough evaluation is made of JSS scales and items, and the relations to health, particularly musculoskeletal complaints. The aim of Study I was to evaluate the factor structure and the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the JSS. The instrument was distributed to medical service personal and metal industry workers (n=1186). Factor analyses demonstrated a good resemblance between the present version and the American original version. The results also showed that the internal consistencies, as well as the test-retest reliabilities of the scales are high, and the concurrent validity are good. Study II examined work-related stress measured by JSS for the subgroups of gender, industry workers and medical service personnel, and special attention was given to the problem of differential item functioning (DIF) on these subgroups. The main findings were that both gender and occupation has a substantial impact on specific sources of work-related stress assessed by JSS scales and individual items. The result of the DIF analyses showed no item bias in the gender subgroup, but for the occupational subgroups there where items showing DIF in two of the scales. These items do not jeopardize the conclusions made on scale level since the number of items showing DIF are too few to make an impact on the overall result on the different scales. In Study III the relation between self-reported stress and health, particularly musculoskeletal problems were examined longitudinally in two metal industry factories. Results showed high levels of stress and musculoskeletal complaints in these factories and significant and strong relationships between the JSS scales and musculoskeletal, as well as psychosocial ratings. Lack of Organizational Support was found to be more related to musculoskeletal pain than Job Pressure. Longitudinal differences were found between the factories and between different types of musculoskeletal complaints. The general conclusions from the studies are that the present version of JSS shows a good resemblance with the American original, and that JSS is a useful instrument for studying relationships between stress and health.
22
Ha, Le Thi Hai. "Bullying roles and associations with mental health of adolescents in Vietnam: A short-term longitudinal study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106949/1/_Le%20Thi%20Hai%20Ha_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This longitudinal study in schools in Vietnam was one of few internationally to measure both traditional bullying and cyberbullying together and investigate temporal patterns of bullying and its social determinants over an academic year. Surveys were completed with more than 1,400 adolescents. Bullying experiences were common among these young people, but were inherently unstable over time. There were strong links between bullying and mental health problems (depressive symptoms, distress, and suicidal ideation). The findings have implications for preventive interventions in Vietnamese schools and internationally.
23
Bosoga, Tebogo. "The Changing Levels of Diffuse and Specific Support in South Africa amongst ANC supporters: A longitudinal Study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4029.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the so-called third wave of democratisation, South Africa experienced a transition from authoritarian rule to democratic rule in 1994. This transition was coupled with a transformation process, which saw the establishment and introduction of democratic principles and norms, as well as democratic institutions. All these make South Africa a democracy in theory but do not necessarily mean that it is a democracy in practice. Moreover, democracy, unlike authoritarian rule, depends on the support of the populace. Lack of support for democratic rule renders the regime illegitimate, since it does not have enough support to continue as the authority of the country. Against the theoretical point of departure (i.e. support for democracy is closely tied to legitimacy of the authority), it is imperative to evaluate these types of support for democracy as well as their changing levels in the country. This will shed some light on whether the populace in the country embrace democracy as a form of governance – that is, whether the populace perceive democracy as a political regime that is entrenched not only in theory, but also in practice. This will be highlighted by their level of support, which determines whether the regime is perceived as legitimate or illegitimate. It will further shed some light on the degree or level of support for the political system governing the country. Support for democracy may be evaluated by using two models or types of support, i.e. diffuse and specific support. Diffuse support consists of three levels of support, namely, political community, regime principles and regime performance, whilst specific support consists of two levels of support, namely regime institutions and political actors. For this study, these models and levels of support are evaluated amongst the supporters of the ruling party, namely the ANC. For comparative purposes, however, support patterns for democracy, as measured in the World Values Surveys from 1995 to 2006, amongst the ANC supporters will be evaluated in relation to non-ANC supporters. These patterns are crucial, since they will highlight whether support for democracy is support for democratic rules and norms, i.e. democracy per se, or whether support for democracy is closely tied to party support and position. The study reveals that there are relatively high levels of support for political community, regime principles and regime performance amongst both the ANC supporters and non-ANC supporters, when compared to levels of support for regime institutions and political actors, meaning that there are high levels of diffuse support when compared to specific support. Moreover, the ANC supporters have higher levels of both diffuse and specific support for democracy when compared to non-ANC supporters.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die 1990‟s gedurende die derde golf van demokratisering in die wêreld, het Suid Afrika ook „n transformasie van „n outoritêre stelsel na „n demokrasie ondergaan. Hierdie transformasie het op die vestiging van demokratiese beginsels en norme sowel as demokratiese instellings uitgeloop. Hoewel dit Suid-Afrika ‟n demokrasie in teorie gemaak het, het dit die stelsel nie noodwendig ‟n demokrasie in die praktyk gemaak nie. Dit is belangrik om in ag te neem dat „n demokrasie, anders as „n outokrasie, die ondersteuning van die bevolking moet geniet. ‟n Gebrek aan genoegsame steun kan daartoe lei dat ‟n regering gesag op ‟n onlegitieme wyse uitoefen. Teen hierdie teoretiese agtergrond is dit dus belangrik om die tipes sowel as die veranderende vlakke van ondersteuning vir demokrasie te evalueer. Sodoende word ‟n insig verkry of die bevolking demokrasie as ‟n vorm van regering nie net in teorie aanvaar nie, maar ook in die praktyk. Die vlak van ondersteuning sal bepaal of die regime as legitiem of onlegitiem beskou word. Dit kan ook verder lig werp op die vlak van ondersteuning vir die politieke selsel wat in plek is. Ondersteuning vir demokrasie kan bepaal word deur gebruik te maak van twee modelle of tipes van ondersteuning, naamlik, verspreide (“diffuse”) en spesifieke (“specific”) ondersteuning. Verspreide ondersteuning bestaan uit drie vlakke van ondersteuning, naamlik, steun vir die politieke gemeenskap, regime beginsels en regime optrede. Spesifieke ondersteuning in teenstelling, bestaan uit twee vlakke van ondersteuning, naamlik steun vir regime instellings en vir die politieke akteurs. Vir hierdie studie is die modelle en vlakke van ondersteuning ge-evalueer met spesifieke verwysing na die ondersteuners van die ANC - die regerende party. Vir ‟n vergelykingsbasis is hierdie ondersteuningspatrone met die nie-ANC ondersteuners soos dit voorkom in die World Values opnames van 1995 tot 2006 gebruik. Hierdie patrone is van kardinale belang omdat dit vir ons ‟n aanduiding gee of ondersteuning vir demokrasie ook die ondersteuning vir demokratiese reëls en norme behels. Die bevindinge dui op relatiewe hoër vlakke van ondersteuning vir die politieke gemeenskap, regime beginsels en regime werkverrigting onder ANC ondersteuners sowel as nie-ondersteuners as dit vergelyk word met vlakke van ondersteuning vir regime instellings en politieke akteurs. Dit beteken dat daar hoër vlakke van verspreide ondersteuning bestaan in vergelyking met spesifieke ondersteuning. Verder is bevind dat ANC ondersteuners hoër vlakke van verspreide sowel as spesifiek ondersteuning vir demokrasie vertoon in vergelyking met nie-ondersteuners van die ANC.
24
Ward, Robert Dean. "The role of selection bias in estimates of the deterrence effect of drug testing : evidence from the national longitudinal survey of youth." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA361980.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999."March 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Stephen L. Mehay, Rosalie L. Pacula. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also available online.
25
Sen, Bisakha. "Recent changes in the relationship between marital dissolution and women's labor supply behavior : a two-cohort study using national longitudinal survey data." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261398059.
Full text
26
Saus-Ortega, Carles. "Utilidad predictiva de la percepción materna de la eficacia de la lactancia en el posparto precoz: un estudio longitudinal." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/81767.
Full textAbstract:
Introducción: La lactancia materna efectiva se ha definido como un proceso interactivo entre la madre y el bebé que tiene lugar cuando hay transferencia directa de leche del pecho de la madre al bebé, de una forma y en una cantidad que satisface las necesidades de ambos. Sin embargo, conseguir una lactancia materna efectiva durante los primeros días posparto puede ser una tarea difícil para el binomio madre-hijo. Aproximadamente entre un 60-80% de las madres experimentan algún problema de lactancia durante este periodo. Los problemas de lactancia materna y el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna se asocian con una inadecuada técnica de lactancia. Para una lactancia materna efectiva es necesario un correcto posicionamiento, agarre y succión del pecho; así como que la madre se sienta cómoda y motivada. Así mismo, la evaluación de la eficacia materna de la lactancia durante el posparto precoz puede ayudar a reducir los problemas de lactancia e identificar a las mujeres con mayor riesgo de abandono temprano. Existen diversas herramientas para evaluar la eficacia de la lactancia materna durante el periodo posparto, algunas de las cuales suelen contener aspectos maternos y del recién nacido. Entre las escalas con ítems maternos e infantiles, encontramos el Beginning Breastfeeding Survey-Cumulative (BBSC). Esta escala fue diseñada para evaluar, mediante un autoinforme, la percepción materna global de la eficacia de la lactancia durante los primeros días posparto. El BBSC presentó una buena fiabilidad, α de Cronbach de .94; y una adecuada validez predictiva sobre los resultados de alimentación infantil durante los primeros 3 meses posparto. En España, el Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad ha elaborado guías con estándares y recomendaciones en relación con las prácticas de lactancia materna. En ellas, recomienda evaluar al menos una sesión de lactancia materna durante los primeros días de vida y siempre que exista cualquier dificultad o duda, sea cual sea el período de lactancia. Sin embargo, no existe ninguna herramienta autoinformada en español que permita evaluar la percepción materna de la eficacia de la lactancia. Objetivos: Adaptar el cuestionario BBSC al contexto español, examinar su estructura factorial y fiabilidad, así como aportar pruebas de su validez de constructo y predictiva. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio longitudinal que incluyó una primera fase de validación lingüística del BBSC al español mediante procedimientos de traducción, retrotraducción, análisis – discusión crítica y pilotaje; y una segunda fase de validación psicométrica. Para ésta última fase, se reclutó una muestra de conveniencia de 793 parejas madre-hijo durante el ingreso hospitalario posparto en 13 hospitales del sudeste español. Todas las participantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario antes del alta hospitalaria y se llevó a cabo un seguimiento de la muestra entre los 1–4, 6–10 y 12–24 meses posparto. Se dividió la muestra en dos mitades al azar para examinar la estructura del BBSCe. Con la primera mitad se llevó a cabo un análisis paralelo para determinar el número de factores; así como un análisis factorial exploratorio para precisar la asignación de los ítems a cada factor. Con la segunda mitad se desarrolló un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se calculó la fiabilidad del BBSCe mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Además, se determinó la validez concurrente del BBSCe con la lactancia materna exclusiva al alta y con otras variables relevantes según la bibliografía previa. Así mismo, se exploró la validez predictiva del BBSCe con la lactancia materna en diferentes momentos temporales y con los problemas y la satisfacción con la lactancia materna entre el 1º y 4º mes posparto. Adicionalmente, se utilizó el método ROC para explorar la utilidad predictiva del BBSCe sobre la lactancia materna a los 60 días y se identificaron los puntos de corte óptimos mediante la J de Youden. Resultados: En la fase de validación lingüística no se encontraron problemas léxicos ni lingüísticos en los procesos de traducción y retrotraducción. Se realizaron algunos cambios menores en algunos ítems. El grado de dificultad con la traducción fue de 3.5 ± .7 puntos sobre 10. Todos los ítems eran apropiados para el contexto cultural español. Las entrevistas cognitivas no revelaron tampoco ningún problema de comprensibilidad ni aceptabilidad de la escala. En la fase de validación psicométrica, el análisis paralelo identificó una estructura del BBSCe de dos factores. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostro posibles soluciones de uno o dos factores. Y el análisis factorial confirmatorio presentó índices de ajuste más aceptables para el modelo de 2 factores, con un factor infantil (ítems 1-8) y un factor materno (ítems 9-24). Se halló un alfa de Cronbach, de .91 para el total de la escala, de .82 para la subescala I infantil y de .91 para la subescala II materna. A nivel concurrente, las puntuaciones del BBSCe y de sus subescalas se asociaron de forma significativa con la lactancia materna exclusiva al alta posparto, así como con otras variables relevantes como la experiencia previa de lactancia y el contacto piel con piel durante los primeros 30’ posparto. Así mismo, las puntuaciones del BBSCe correlacionaron significativamente de forma positiva con la autoeficacia para la lactancia, y de forma negativa con el grado de dificultad para amamantar durante el ingreso y el porcentaje de pérdida de peso del lactante durante el ingreso hospitalario. A nivel predictivo, las puntuaciones del BBSCe y de sus subescalas también se asociaron con la duración y exclusividad de la lactancia, así como con los problemas de lactancia desde el alta posparto hasta los 1-4 meses. Además, las puntuaciones se correlacionaron significativamente de forma positiva con la satisfacción materna con la lactancia durante los 1-4 meses postparto, y de forma negativa con la intensidad total de los problemas de lactancia materna. Finalmente se indicaron las puntuaciones de corte 85.5 (para el total de la escala); 32.5 (para la subescala infantil) y 56.5 (para la subescala materna). Conclusion: El BBSCe es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir la percepción materna de la eficacia de la lactancia durante el posparto precoz en el contexto español. Se han aportado pruebas de validez que incluyen la relación de las puntuaciones de la escala con variables relevantes para la lactancia materna. El BBSCe puede ser utilizado como herramienta de cribado en población general para detectar grupos de riesgo para el abandono prematuro de la lactancia materna.
27
Howard, Eddie J. Jr. "Institutional Strategies of Identified Involvement Triggers that Increase Campus Engagement: A Longitudinal Analysis Based on an Individual National Survey of Student Engagement Responses." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1587745870664836.
Full text
28
Flint, E. S. "Investigating the relationship between labour market status and minor psychiatric morbidity : longitudinal and spatial analysis of the British Household Panel Survey, 1992-2008." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1347257/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Previous research has demonstrated a strong association between labour market status and minor psychiatric morbidity (MPM). This PhD thesis aims to uncover the role of mediating factors, and the extent to which the relationship varies over space and time. In addition, this research seeks to establish the direction of causality and to differentiate between secure and insecure employment, and between various forms of joblessness. Methods: MPM was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Analyses were undertaken using British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data from 1992-2008. Firstly, unstratified and gender-stratified series of nested linear and logit autoregressive random effects models were run to assess the role of confounding and mediating factors in the relationship between labour market status and MPM. Secondly, three complementary multilevel modelling approaches were used to assess the extent to which independent variation in GHQ-12 scores existed at the Local Authority District (LAD) level, and whether area-level unemployment rate was independently predictive of MPM. Thirdly, unstratified and age-group stratified fixed effects models were run in order to assess the effects of labour market transitions on MPM and therefore to investigate causality and age effects. Results: Across both genders it was shown that after adjustment for a range of confounding factors: insecure employment, unemployment, permanent sickness and other inactivity were significantly predictive of MPM compared to secure employment. Transition analyses suggest that this relationship is causal. Virtually no independent variation in GHQ-12 scores was found at the LAD level, but unemployment was comparatively less distressing for those living in high unemployment areas. Age was found to moderate the relationship between labour market status and MPM to some degree. Conclusions: This research deepens our understanding of the causal processes underlying the relationship between labour market status and psychological wellbeing, whilst considering the roles of spatial, temporal and macroeconomic context.
29
Olesen, Terry. "Individual adaptation to discontinuous employment for Australian workers : a longitudinal mixed method study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/522.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis research has had two aims: first, to determine how discontinuous (or “casual”) employment impacts on quality of life, mental health, and coping for a population of Australian job seekers; second, to determine how different groups of workers differ in coping style, quality of life, and mental health when dealing with discontinuous (casual, short-term) work. To address these aims a national survey was conducted of white collar, business and technical/scientific workers (N=229 at Time 1). Workers were sampled three times over the study period of nine months. The mixed method design consisted of two phases in order to capture the richness of the phenomena in question. The quantitative phase (QN) was initiated first with a tri-monthly national survey running from July 2006-until February 2007. The survey yielded information on workers’ employment conditions, job permanency, sense of resilience, and distress levels. Phase QN yielded an “overall snapshot” of worker issues and life facet coping patterns. The qualitative phase (QL) was initiated two weeks after the start of Phase QN. In this phase the investigator conducted semi-structured interviews from a subset of nine workers taken at three- month intervals. Phase QL yielded narratives of nine-month “slices of life” for these respondents, illustrating their most current work/life conflicts and the strategies and attitudes they employed to manage such conflicts. Phase QL also allowed for the uncovering of personal meanings for work-life transitions role conflicts, perceived time shortages and respondents’ personal work-life goals. Narratives, goals and personal meanings were eventually uncovered and were integrated into nine-month case trajectories. Phase QL trajectory results were then compared and integrated with the QN quantitative survey results via a process of audit trailing, data reconfiguring, member checking, and comparing of data sets. Main Findings: for the QN analysis/methods, Distress was predicted by only three Life Facet variables: number of children, permanency (security) of one’s job, and the time of year (season). The outcome variable Resilience/Coherence was predicted by only two of the variables of interest: permanency (job security) and time of year. Overall the weak QN findings could only hint at but not substantiate the patency of the Life Facets Model in explaining discontinuous work. However the Phase QL results showed the Life Facets Model to better fit the coping narratives than other models (of staged grief, active agency, drive reduction, and stress-appraisal-coping). Though some mismatches occurred across the two (QL and QN) methods, most were resolved through mixed method techniques of auditing, cross referencing and integration. Implications of the findings for future research, social welfare, and public policy were suggested.
30
Orpana, Heather M. "Explaining the social gradient in health in Canada: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examining the role of stressors using the National Population Health Survey." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29369.
Full textAbstract:
The pervasive relationship between socioeconomic status and health has been observed in virtually all Western countries, Canada notwithstanding. The relationship between higher socioeconomic status (SES) and better health has been demonstrated to be a stepwise gradient with better health at each successive level of SES, indicating that factors beyond absolute material poverty are likely to be causing this gradient. In order to attenuate social gradients in health, underlying mechanisms must be elucidated. The purpose of this thesis was to examine whether psychosocial stressors associated with lower SES explain the poorer health of poorer people. A secondary purpose of this thesis was to examine a health behaviour-mediated pathway between stressors and health. Cross-sectional analyses of the 1994-95 National Population Health Survey (NPHS), and longitudinal analyses of the 1994-95 and 1996-97 NPHS were conducted. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that lower income was associated with a greater odds of concomitant fair/poor self-rated health, and with a greater odds of experiencing a decline in self-rated health over a two-year period. Most stressors were more prevalent among lower income groups, and with one exception, all stressors were associated with a greater odds of fair/poor self-rated health and of experiencing a decline in health status. Stressors mediated a modest proportion of the social gradient in health. In cross-sectional analyses, about a quarter of the relationship between income and health was explained for men, and from 6% to 15% for women. In longitudinal analyses, these stressors explained 16% and 10% of the relationship between the lowest and second lowest income quintiles and decline in self-rated health respectively. Furthermore, all stressors were associated with smoking behaviour, while fewer associations were observed between stressors and physical activity behaviour. Health behaviours mediated a modest proportion of the relationship between stressors and fair/poor health. The results of this thesis provide evidence for partial mediation of the social gradient in health by psychosocial factors, namely stressors. Furthermore, stress-related health behaviours may be a secondary pathway in this relationship. Future research is warranted to further refine explanatory models of the social gradient in health, in order to identify appropriate points for intervention.
31
Tsukimoto, Gracinda Rodrigues. "Avaliação longitudinal da Escola de Postura para dor lombar crônica: através da aplicação dos questionários Roland Morris e Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5145/tde-23112006-100855/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar quantitativamente a resposta ao tratamento dos pacientes com dor lombar crônica atendidos pela \"Escola de Postura\" da DMRHCFMUSP no período de outubro de 2001 a julho de 2004, mediante a avaliação dos questionários \"Roland-Morris\" (RM) e \"Short Form Health Survey\" (SF-36). A amostra inicial foi composta por 244 (duzentos e quarenta e quatro) prontuários de pacientes encaminhados e avaliados para a Escola de Postura no período de outubro de 2001 a julho de 2004, tendo completado o programa 110 (cento e dez) pacientes desse total. Em relação aos pacientes que completaram o tratamento, foram levantados diagnósticos; o tempo de evolução da doença e origem do encaminhamento; dados sócio-demográficos como sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, ocupação; e, também, o comparecimento aos retornos após o primeiro mês, quarto mês, e um ano a contar da avaliação inicial. Observou-se que os indivíduos que concluíram a Escola de Postura apresentaram melhora significativa nos domínios do SF-36 para Capacidade Funcional, Aspectos Físicos, Dor, Estado Geral de Saúde Vitalidade e para o Roland Morris foram observados ganhos nos aspectos sociais, emocionais e saúde mental. Cabendo ressaltar que o período de alcance da Escola de Postura, não possibilita afirmar mudanças significativas quanto a aspectos afetivo-emocionais e novas posturas em seu relacionamento social. Novos estudos, quantitativos e qualitativos devem ser realizados de maneira a oferecer subsídios á equipe multiprofissional da Escola de Postura que permitam operar mudanças e ampliar recursos terapêuticos se necessário.The research objective is to analyze quantitivily the effectiveness of chronic low back pain treatment at the Back Pain School in DMR-HCFMUSP between October 2001 and July 2004, using the Roland-Morris and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires. The initial sample consisted of 244 (two hundred and forty-four) medical charts of patients addressed to Back Pain School program for initial evaluation between October 2001 and July 2004; out of this group, 110 (hundred and ten) patients concluded the program. Some data were valuated from these patients such as: diagnose, history of disease and referring institution, some socio-demographic information such as gender, age, education level, marital status, occupation, and also attendance to clinical interviews scheduled right after the first and fourth months and one year after the first evaluation. The group who concluded Back Pain School Program showed improvement at SF-36 dominions: Functional Capacity, Physical Conditions, Pain, State of Health, Vitality, and Roland Morris dominions changes in Social, Emotional, and Mental aspects. Back Pain School present less change in affective emotional conditions and social relation. Some qualitative and quantitative studies must be done in other to provide development of professional specialized knowledge and skills resources if necessary.
32
Taylor, Kristy. "Does Faith-Based Worldview Predict Confidence in College Major: A Quantitative Longitudinal Study at the University of Michigan." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1352164390.
Full text
33
Bélair, Marc-André. "The Relationship Between Physical and Sedentary Activity on the Mental Health Outcomes of Children and Youth In the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33022.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:
Mood disorders are a serious burden on Canadians. Physical and sedentary activity are easily modifiable risk factors for many diseases. An association with depression could have important implications
Objective:
To investigate any cross-sectional or longitudinal association between physical activity, sedentary activity, and depression in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY).
Methods:
These studies used both a stacked cross-sectional and a trajectory/latent class analysis design Univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between physical and sedentary activity and depression using the emotional disorder-anxiety scale for children and youth available in the NLSCY.
Results:
When accounting for covariates, physically inactive respondents had increased odds of higher depressive symptom scores. Sedentary activity was only statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the cross-sectional design.
Conclusions:
Physical inactivity is significantly associated to depressive symptomatology. The relationship between sedentary activity and depression is inconclusive.
34
Carter, Megan A. "Obesity and academic performance of Canadian school children: A prospective study using the first five waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27961.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic in children. It may have both short- and long-term negative effects including poor performance in academics.
Using multivariate linear regression methods and the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this study prospectively examined the effect of obesity status during the primary school years (2-5 y to 8-11 y) on standardized math test scores, while adjusting for confounders.
Results indicate that children who grew out of obesity performed significantly better in math than children who were never obese. However, children who were always obese and those that developed obesity performed no differently than children who were never obese.
Childhood obesity was not found to be negatively associated with an objective measure of academic performance. Being obese early in childhood and normal weight later on was associated with improved academic performance. However, further studies are needed to substantiate this finding.
35
Thiveos, Eva. "Determinants of psychomotor development with special attention to maternal employment and enrollment in preschool during the first three years : evidence from the early childhood longitudinal survey in Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129955.
Full textAbstract:
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Políticas PúblicasLatin America has seen a decade of strong economic growth and is regarded as an economic success story. Its most notable achievements include a sharp decline in the poverty rate and the rise of the middle class, which grew 50% in the last ten years and now constitutes 30% of the population (World Bank, 2013). Much of this success is due in part to greater access to education and job creation. However, 28.8% of the population still lives below the poverty line (ECLAC, 2012) and according to the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program, Latin America is still one of the most economically unequal regions in the world. The most recent available statistics for 18 countries indicate that, on average, the richest 10% of the Latin American population receives 32% of total income, while the poorest 40% receive just 15% of income (ECLAC, 2012). To change the inequality of outcomes one must equalize opportunities amongst children. Past circumstances impact current socioeconomic outcomes, so most people can agree that providing an equal footing in life is a goal toward which a country should strive. This mentality is evident in the recent development of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) by the World Bank. The HOI measures the level of coverage of basic opportunities necessary for human development. Specifically, it measures how personal circumstances (birthplace, wealth, race or gender) impact a child’s opportunity to succeed in life (timely education, running water or connection to electricity). A 2008 World Bank report shows that the most disadvantaged groups, from the perspective of inequality of opportunity, in seven Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru) tend to be members of ethnic minorities or those who hail from agricultural families with low levels of education. According to the report between 25% and 50% of inequality of economic opportunity amongst adults is due to their circumstances during childhood and accounts for between one-fifth and one-third of overall earnings inequality. Additionally, the report indicates that Chile does well in providing basic educational opportunities, but it does not do well in more advanced indicators such as quality learning, completion of secondary on time, access to some tertiary education and bundles of services for early childhood development and youth development (World Bank, 2012). The principles behind investment in early childhood development are based on neuroscientific research. This research indicates that infants are not born with all their cognitive abilities and that their brains continue to develop after birth, which make nutrition and educational development critical during the first years of life. As the Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs points out, there is consistent agreement in the neuroscience literature that brains are much the same at birth but can be dramatically different by the age of two. This change can be explained by Jean Piaget’s famed theory of cognitive development, which states that the first two years of a child’s life can be characterized as the “Sensorimotor Stage.” In this stage of cognitive development infants “construct an understanding of the world by coordinating experiences with physical, motoric actions,” (Santrock, 2008). In the report, From Neurons to Neighborhoods, a committee on the science of early childhood development concludes, from hundreds of research studies, that non-genetic influences are the main reason for differences among adults and that interventions to help shape a child’s brain development function are critical (Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000). This body of research leads to the conclusion that policies should be aimed at optimizing children’s benefits in the sensorimotor stage. One way to do this is by passing policies that provide adequate nutrition and stimulation to all children in the first two years of life. This paper provides evidence on the determinants of children’s psychomotor development1 in Chile. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mother, child, and demographic characteristics on a child’s psychomotor development during the first three years of life paying particular attention to (a) the influence of maternal employment during these early years; (b) the influence of participation in day care or preschool on a child’s psychomotor development; and (c) the influence of maternal employment combined with enrollment in a day care or preschool during this stage in a child’s life. We measure these effects using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)2 and the Battelle Developmental Inventory3. The Battelle is a measure of the child’s psychomotor development and is applied to children between the ages of 2 and 4 in this study. The PPVT is also a measure of the child’s psychomotor development, but is applied to children between the ages of 4 and 6 in this study. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that results presented in this paper reflect two samples of children: one sample for which development is measured (using the Battelle) amongst 2 to 4 year olds and another sample for which development is measured (using the PPVT) amongst children ages 3 to 6. We use two rounds of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (Encuesta Longitudinal Primera Infancia, ELPI) which was created in order to increase the amount of information available and advance the creation of longitudinal data regarding children in the first few years of life. In line with previous research on early childhood development, we find that mother and child characteristics play a significant role in the child’s psychomotor development. We pay special attention to maternal employment and enrollment in day care or preschool during the first three years of the child’s life and find that maternal employment during the first year was linked to lower Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores and Battelle Developmental Inventory scores. This effect is statistically significant for the oldest children in our study, suggesting that the effects are long-term. Enrollment in a day care or preschool during the first year was linked to lower Battelle scores. However, the negative impact of enrollment during the first year of life is not significant when analyzing by age, suggesting that the effects are not long-term. Finally, we find that the combination of enrollment in day care and preschool with maternal employment during the first year of the child’s life is linked to lower Battelle scores. This effect is also statistically significant for our oldest children, again suggesting that the impact has lasting effects. All of these effects are more pronounced for male children. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. The next section provides a broad overview of the case of Chile. Section 3 reviews the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (Encuesta Longitudinal de Primera Infancia, ELPI) which we use to measure mother, child, and other characteristics and their effects on the child’s test results. In section 4 we describe the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Battelle Development Inventory in detail. Section 5 explains the methodology applied. Section 6 explains the theoretical model and offers a review of the literature that explores key factors in early child development. Section 6 provides results and for the final section, 7, we offer a discussion.
36
Heckman, Stuart J. "Consumer Risk Preferences and Higher Education Enrollment Decisions." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404299902.
Full text
37
Uzdavines, Alex. "Stressful Events and Religious Identities: Investigating the Risk of Radical Accommodation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case149699697363485.
Full text
38
Boudreau, Christian. "Duration data analysis in longitudinal surveys." Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, 2003. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/cboudrea2003.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo, 2003."A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics". Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfiche format.
39
Lippe, Holger von der. "Transitions to fatherhood in East Germany in the 1990s psychological determinants of childbearing and the meaning of entering into parenthood for young adults from Rostock ; an event-history and qualitative composite investigation within the Rostock longitudinal survey /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974461865.
Full text
40
Downe, Susan Mary. "Reducing the risk of adverse outcome for nulliparous women using epidural analgesia in labour : a randomised clinical trial and longitudinal follow-up survey reported in the context of three discourses; the nature of childbirth, the epistemology of resear." Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310092.
Full text
41
Berg, Jessica. "Everyday mobility and travel activities during the first years of retirement." Doctoral thesis, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-10168.
Full textAbstract:
Mobility is central to living an independent life, to participating in society, and to maintaining well-being in later life. The point of departure in this thesis is that retirement implies changes in time-space use and interruption in routines, which influence demands and preconditions for mobility in different ways. The aim of this thesis is to explore mobility strategies and changes in mobility upon retirement and how mobility develops during the first years of retirement. A further aim is to provide knowledge of the extent to which newly retired people maintain a desired mobility based on their needs and preconditions. The thesis is empirically based on travel diaries kept by newly retired people, and qualitative interviews with the same persons, and follow-up interviews three and a half years later. The results show that mobility is a way of forming a structure in the new everyday life as retirees by getting out of the house, either just for a walk or to do errands. Many patterns of everyday life remain the same upon retirement, but the informants also merge new responsibilities and seek new social arenas and activities. As a result, the importance of the car have not changed, but it is used for other reasons than before. After leaving paid work, new space-time constraints are created which influences demands for mobility. The study further shows that “third places” become important, especially among those who live alone, as they give an opportunity to being part of a social context and a reason for getting out of the house. The follow-up interviews revealed that declining health changes the preconditions for mobility. Daily walks had to be made shorter, and the car had to be used for most errands to where they previously could walk or cycle. However, mobility can also be maintained despite a serious illness and a long period of rehabilitation.Mobilitet är en förutsättning för oberoende, delaktighet och välbefinnande när man åldras. Utgångspunkten i avhandlingen är att pensioneringen innebär tidsrumsliga förändringar och brott i rutiner som på olika sätt påverkar människors behov av att resa och deras förutsättningar för mobilitet. Syftet med avhandlingen är att utforska mobilitetsstrategier och förändringar i mobilitet i samband med pensioneringen samt hur mobiliteten utvecklas under de första åren som pensionär. Ambitionen är att öka kunskapen om i vilken utsträckning nya pensionärer upprätthåller en önskad mobilitet utifrån deras egna behov och förutsättningar. Avhandlingen baseras empiriskt på resedagböcker som nyblivna pensionärer har fört och kvalitativa intervjuer med samma personer, samt uppföljningsintervjuer tre och ett halvt år senare. Resultaten visar att mobiliteten är en strategi för att skapa en struktur i vardagen som pensionär genom att komma hemifrån, t.ex. för att ta en promenad eller för att uträtta ärenden. Många vardagsmönster behålls vid pensioneringen men informanterna finner också nya åtaganden och söker nya sociala arenor och aktiviteter. Betydelsen av bilen har inte förändrats men den används av andra anledningar än tidigare. Vid pensioneringen skapas andra tidsrumsliga begränsningar vilka inverkar på efterfrågan på mobilitet. Resultaten visa också att "tredje platser" blir viktiga, särskilt bland dem som lever ensamma, eftersom de ger en möjlighet att vara en del av ett socialt sammanhang och en anledning att komma hemifrån. Uppföljningsintervjuerna visade att förutsättningarna för mobilitet förändras när hälsan försämras. Promenaderna blir kortare och bilen används i högre utsträckning för de ärenden dit de tidigare kunde gå eller cykla. Men trots allvarliga sjukdomar och långa perioder av rehabilitering kan mobiliteten upprätthållas.
ERA-NET 2007 "Keep moving: improving the mobility of older persons"
Sentrip - Senior life transition points
42
Morales, Ernesto J. "Self-recruiting species in farmer managed aquatic systems : their importance to the livelihoods of the rural poor in Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/250.
Full textAbstract:
The self-recruiting species (SRS) are aquatic animals that can be harvested regularly from a farmer managed system without regular stocking as described by Little (2002a, b). The potential and current role of self-recruiting species from farmer managed aquatic systems (FMAS) is often overlooked, whilst much attention has been given to stocked species (often associated in conventional culture ponds and cages) as well as the fisheries sector (often relates to large water bodies i.e. river lakes and reservoirs). Using the combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the current status, the important contribution of SRS and factors undermining this contribution to the livelihoods of rural households in mainland Southeast (SE) Asia were investigated. The overall analysis of this research was done based from the sustainable livelihood (SL) framework (Scoones, 1998; DFID, 1999) in order to have a broader understanding of the importance of SRS as well as the rural livelihoods in selected areas of mainland SE Asia which often benefit from this resource. The research was carried out in rural villages of southeast Cambodia (SEC), northeast Thailand (NET) and Red River Delta in northern Vietnam (RRD). The sites (region of the country) were selected based from the intensity of aquaculture practices (less established and mainly relying on natural production, aquaculture established but also relying on natural production and mainly aquaculture dependent) as well as the agriculture i.e. intensiveness of rice production. Eighteen villages (6 villages/ country) were selected to represent the two agro-ecological zones (i.e. LOW and DRY areas) of the study sites. In order to fully assess the situation and meet the objectives of the research, the study was carried out using three stages which dealt with different approaches and sets of participants/respondents; i) participatory community appraisal (PCA), ii) baseline survey and iii) longitudinal study. The different stages of the research were carried out during the period of April 2001 until September 2004. During the first stage, a series of community appraisals using participatory methods were conducted in all of the participating villages in the three study sites. The participatory appraisal was conducted in order to understand the general rural context in the villages as well as the importance of aquatic resources. Moreover, the PCA in a way helped build rapport between the researcher and the communities. The series of appraisals were conducted with different wellbeing and gender groups (better-off men, better-off women, poor men and poor women). The various shocks, trends and seasonality that influenced the status of living in the community, diversified livelihoods and the differences in preference of socioeconomic and gender groups were analysed in this stage. The important aquatic animals (AA) and the local criteria for determing their importance were the highlights of this stage of the research. The important AA identified were composed of large fish (Channa spp., Clarias spp., Hemibagrus sp, Common, Indian, Silver and Grass carps), small fish (Anabas testudineus, Rasbora spp., Mystus spp., Carassius auratus) as well as non-fish (Macrobrachium spp., Rana spp., Somanniathelpusa sp., Sinotaia spp.) which were particularly important to poorer groups in the community. The local criteria used were mainly food and nutrition related (good taste, easy to cook, versatility in preparation), abundance (availability, ease of catching) as well as economic value (good price). Significant differences were found between various interactions of sites, agro-ecological zones, gender and wellbeing groups. The second stage of the research was the baseline survey (cross-sectional survey) which was also carried out in the same communities and collected information from a total of 540 respondents (30 respondents per village or 180 per country). This stage of the study was carried out in order to generate household level information (mostly quantitative) regarding the socio-economic indicators to triangulate the information generated during the participatory appraisal and the different aquatic systems that existed in the community as well as the various management practices used (not limited to stocking hatchery seed and feeding). The different livelihood resources (human, physical, financial, natural and social capital) and the diversified strategies of rural households in SE Asia were analysed in this phase. Another highlight of this phase was the understanding of the various aquatic systems that rural farmers managed and how they related to the existence of self-recruiting species. The common aquatic resources identified during this phase included farmer managed aquatic systems (FMAS) and openwater bodies (OWB) where rural households usually obtained their aquatic products. The various types of FMAS which included ricefields, trap ponds, household ponds, culture ponds and ditches were identified as important aquatic resources which mainly provide food as well as additional income to the rural poor. All of these FMAS were being managed at various levels which directly affected the SRS population. Different types of farmers were identified based on their attitudes towards and management of SRS: i) SRS positive, farmers who allow and attract SRS into the system, ii) SRS negative, farmers who prevent or eliminate SRS and iii) SRS neutral, farmers doing nothing that would encourage or prevent SRS from entering into the system. Variations were related to the main factors (i.e sites, agroecological zones, wellbeing groups) and their interactions. The final stage of this study was the year-long household survey (longitudinal study) that investigated the seasonality of various aspects of rural livelihoods, status of the different aquatic systems and the important contribution of AA in general, and SRS in particular, to the overall livelihood strategies employed by rural farmers. This phase involved a total of 162 households (9 per village or 54 per country) selected based on the aquatic systems they managed and had access to. Other socio-economic factors (gender and wellbeing) were also considered during the selection of participants in this phase of the study. The results of the year long household survey highlighted the important contributions of SRS: i) to the total AA collections which were utilised in various ways, ii) contribution to overall food consumption in general and AA consumption in particular (which was found to be the most important contribution of SRS), iii) contribution to household nutrition (as a major source of animal protein and essential micro nutrients in rural areas), iv) contribution to income and expenditures, and v) improving the social capital of rural households (through sharing of production and mobilizing community in local resources user group management). Moreover, the social context and the dynamics of inter and intra household relationships were understood, especially the gender issues on division of labour (where women and children played an important part on the production), access and benefits (how women and children were being marginalised in terms of making decision and controlling benefits). The various results of the combined approaches that were utilised in all stages of the research were analysed and presented in this thesis. The results of the community appraisals and the baseline survey were used in setting the context (background) of each topic (e.g. livelihood activities, AA importance, etc). Meanwhile, the results of the longitudinal survey were used in illustrating the trends and highlighted the seasonality of particular issues. Overall the study contributed to knowledge by elucidating the status and roles of self-recruiting species in maintaining/ improving the overall livelihoods of rural farmers in Southeast Asia.
43
Robbin, Alice, and Martin David. "SIPP ACCESS: Information tools improve access to national longitudinal panel surveys." Reference and Adult Services Division (RASD) of the American Library Association, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105545.
Full textAbstract:
SIPP ACCESS represents an innovation in providing services for statistical data. A computer-based, integrated information system incorporates both the data and information about the data. SIPP ACCESS systematically links the technologies of laser disk, mainframe computer, microcomputer, and electronic networks and applies relational technology to create great efficiencies and lower the costs of storing, managing, retrieving, and transmitting data and information about complex statistical data collections. This information system has been applied to national longitudinal panel surveys. The article describes the reasons why SIPP ACCESS was created to improve access to these complex surveys and provides examples of tools that facilitate access to information about the contents of these large data sets.
44
Lundqvist, Britta. "Long-term outcome after cataract surgery a longitudinal study /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30346.
Full text
45
Legg, Jason Colin. "Estimation for two-phase longitudinal surveys with application to the National Resources Inventory." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
Find full text
46
Perkins, Drew Allen. "Evaluating Geomorphic Change in Little Creek Using Repeated Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Profile Surveys." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/711.
Full textAbstract:
Six geomorphic study reaches were established in 2002 along a forested mountain stream (gradients range from 0.02 to 0.05) on Cal Poly's Swanton Pacific Ranch in Santa Cruz County, California. These study reaches are a component of paired and nested watershed studies in the approximately 500 hectare Little Creek watershed. The overall goal of this study was to monitor water quality and channel conditions before, during, and after a selective harvest of redwood. A selective harvest occurred in the North Fork of Little Creek in Summer 2008. In August 2009, approximately 90% of the Little Creek Watershed was burned in the Lockheed Fire. Channel change was evaluated by measuring ground profiles using traditional survey methods. Cross section and longitudinal profiles are surveyed annually every summer in the six study reaches. Change is assessed through evaluation of cross sections and longitudinal profiles, analysis of bed elevation and cross-sectional area change data, and analysis of residual pool characteristics and longitudinal profile variability. Changes in the channel during this time have been relatively small and are typically associated with movement or introduction of coarse woody debris to the stream channel. However, during the study period no large stream flow events occurred (return interval at the closest USGS gauging station does not exceed 5 years). Historically, large debris flow events have occurred in this watershed, with well documented events in 1955 and 1998. The survey data is an important tool for understanding change detection in channel characteristics before and after harvesting, and following fire disturbance.
47
Sadig, Husam Eldin Sadig Ahmed. "The investigation of alternative weighting approaches to adjust for non-response in longitudinal surveys." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15565/.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce bias in survey estimates, most longitudinal survey organisations, nowadays, prepare and include sets of weights in public use data files for use by analysts. Aside from correcting for non-coverage, the weights are usually designed to reflect the sample design as well as to correct for non-response error by combining design weights and non-response weight adjustments together. With regard to non-response weights, many longitudinal surveys implement similar strategies (referred to as the standard weighting approach in this thesis) to create them. This approach is based upon a weighting model where: response is defined as responding at all conducted waves; all sample members whose eligibility is unknown are assumed as eligible and the model is estimated by using generic weighting variables and all sample members for which data are available on the weighting variables. However, there are several issues in longitudinal surveys that raise concerns regarding using this approach of weighting. In particular, this thesis is concerned with three challenging issues: non-monotonic response pattern which results in a large number of combinations of waves at which sample members could respond, and hence weights that result from an approach such as the one in question, which defines response as responding at all the conducted waves may not be appropriate for the analysis of data from a wave-combination that does not include all waves; unknown eligibility over time leads to including a proportion of ineligible units in the weights' calculation (if they are assumed to be eligible as in the standard approach) which may result in biased estimates unless the actual ineligible units amongst units of unknown eligibility are excluded; and the choice of the best covariates for the weighting model which may differ considerably across different subgroups of respondents in the same sample. In the standard approach only generic weighting variables are used in the weighting model, as all sample members are used in the estimation. Meanwhile, some variables, which may not be significant in predicting response for the whole sample, could be important in predicting the response in some subgroups. In this thesis, I provide three alternative approaches (each deals with one of the raised issues) for non-response weighting. I investigate each of the proposed approaches by incorporating relevant weight adjustments, as well as weights from the standard weighting approach, in a longitudinal multivariate analysis. I test the impact of weights from each alternative approach on estimates by comparing the resultant estimates with estimates resulting from the standard approach. I use data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) to carry out the investigation. The findings suggest that the standard and alternative approaches, all help similarly in reducing non-response error. However, the standard approach may fail in tackling the effect of non-response in some estimates, as it does not take into account the three raised issues in the weighting of longitudinal data. In contrast, since they deal with the three issues under investigation (separately), the alternative approaches seem to handle non-response even in estimates that are not affected by the standard weighting approach.
48
Malik, Garima. "The role of parenting style in child substance use." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1118077175.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 86 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
49
Nordstrom, Goran. "Oral health and dietary habits in an elderly city population a report from the Umeå longitudinal study /." Umeå, Sweden : Dept. of Prosthetic Dentistry and Geriatric Medicine, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35846862.html.
Full text
50
Oliveira, Aldair José de. "Relações sociais, atividade física de lazer e obesidade: evidências longitudinais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3142.
Full textAbstract:
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroA influências das relações sociais na saúde vem sendo largamente investigada em diferentes contextos. No que concerne a influência das relações sociais na atividade física de lazer (AFL) e na obesidade, abordagens multidimensionais e longitudinais, são escassas. O primeiro artigo objetivou investigar o efeito de quatro dimensões do apoio social no engajamento, manutenção, tipo e tempo gasto na prática de AFL em adultos durante um período de dois anos de seguimento (1999-2001). Enquanto que o segundo artigo visou investigar o efeito de cinco indicadores das relações sociais sobre a obesidade e potenciais diferenças de sexo nesta associação, após nove anos de seguimento (1991-2000). Para o primeiro artigo, foram analisados dados longitudinais obtidos através de questionários autopreenchidos aplicados em 3.253 funcionários de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro (Estudo Pró-Saúde). Enquanto que para o segundo artigo, dados longitudinais do Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) foram utilizados. Os resultados do primeiro artigo mostraram associações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre as dimensões de apoio social e AFL coletiva no grupo de engajamento. Além disso, a dimensão emocional/informação associou-se com o tempo em AFL (OR=2,0; IC95% 1,2-3,9). No grupo de manutenção, o apoio material associou-se com AFL coletiva (OR=1,8; IC95% 1,1-3,1) e a dimensão interação social positiva foi associado com o tempo gasto em AFL (OR=1,65; IC95% 1,1-2,7). Os resultados do segundo artigo mostraram que após o ajuste por fatores de confusão, a falta de apoio emocional (RR = 1,98; 95% IC 1,1-3,8) associou-se à incidência de obesidade entre os homens. Além disso, homens no nível mais baixo de IRS (índice de relações sociais) tiveram risco aumentado de desenvolver obesidade (RR = 2,22; 95% IC 1,1-4,4). Entre as mulheres o IRS não esteve significativamente associado com a obesidade. Contudo, um efeito protetor na obesidade para as mulheres que mudaram o estado civil de casada para nãocasada tenha sido encontrado (RR = 0,39; 95% IC 0,2-0,9). Ao que tange o primeiro artigo, conclui-se que todas as dimensões de apoio social influenciaram o tipo ou o tempo gasto em atividade física de lazer. No entanto, nossos resultados sugerem que o apoio social é mais importante no engajamento do que na situação de manutenção. Esse achado é importante, pois sugere que a manutenção da AFL deve estar associada a outros fatores além do nível individual de apoio social, como um ambiente adequado e políticas de saúde/sociais voltadas para a prática da AFL. Em relação ao segundo artigo, o presente estudo fornece evidências de uma associação inversa entre as relações sociais e a incidência de obesidade, evidenciando diferenças de sexo. Além disso, foi sugerido que preocupações com a imagem corporal entre mulheres poderia ser uma explicação para as diferenças de sexo.
The influences of social relations in health is being widely investigated in different contexts. Regarding the influence of social relationships in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and obesity, longitudinal multidimensional approaches are scarce. The first paper aim to investigate how four dimensions of social support affect LTPA engagement, maintenance, type, and time spent by adults during a two-year follow-up (1999-2001). While the second paper aim to investigate the effect of five social relationships indicators on obesity and the potential sex differences in associations after nine years of follow-up (1991-2000). For the first paper were analysed a longitudinal data from 3,253 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro (the Pró-Saúde study). While for the second paper, longitudinal data from the Swedish level of living Survey (LNU) were used. Results from the first paper found statistically significant associations (p<0.05) between dimensions of social support and group LTPA were found in the engagement group. Also, the emotional/information dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR=2.01; 95% CI 1.2-3.9). In the maintenance group, material support was associated with group LTPA (OR=1.80; 95% CI; 1.1-3.1) and the positive social interaction dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR=1.65; 95% CI; 1.1-2.7). Results from the second paper showed that after adjustment for confounders, lack of emotional support (RR=1.98; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) influence the incidence of obesity among men. In addition, men with the lowest level of SRI (social relationships index) had an increased risk of being obese (RR=2.22; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4). Among women SRI was not significantly associated with obesity. However, a protective effect on obesity for women who changed their marital status from married to unmarried (RR=0.39; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9) was found. Regarding the first paper, all dimensions of social support influenced LTPA type or the time spent on the activity. However, our findings suggest that social support is more important in engagement than in maintenance. This finding is important, because it suggests that maintenance of LTPA must be associated with other factors beyond the individuals level of social support, such as a suitable environment and social/health policies directed towards the practice of LTPA. In relation to the second paper, the present study provides evidence of an inverse association between social relationships and the incidence of obesity, highlighting sex differences. Moreover, it was suggested that body image concerns among women could be an explanation for sex differences.