Dissertations / Theses: 'Longitudinal qualitative'

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Hadfield, Lucy. "Becoming a disabled mother: a qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602372.

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This thesis seeks to make sense of the complexity of the experience of becoming a disabled mother as made and lived in a dynamic process that is social, embodied, emotional, and temporal. There is limited empirical research that has investigated the experience of disabled motherhood and a relative absence of research that has followed disabled women's processes of identity over the course of the first year of motherhood. This thesis seeks to fill that gap. The empirical base for this thesis includes material collected from six longitudinal case studies, with disabled women interviewed three times in the first-year transition to becoming a mother. By focusing on what women do with their bodies, or their pursuit of distinct body projects, I reveal insights into my participants' experience and understanding of disability at this stage in the life-course, during which the embodied experience is subject to change and transformation. Drawing on post-structural concepts of power and agency, I explore the possibilities and limitations within my participants' strategies of sense-making for engineering a liveable life in relation to dominant social norms. These in sights speak to a debate within the disability movement about the nature of disability (as experience) as the basis of individual and collective identity and the kind of support disabled mothers need, which can inform social and healthcare practice. Methodologically, I utilise an innovative psycho-social longitudinal research design and method to enrich and develop my understanding of this process. Researcher subjectivity, difference and temporality are all regarded as important tools for revealing emotional dynamics and processes of intelligibility.

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Norin, Erik, and Julia Kahlström. "Media framing – As time goes? : A qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179864.

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Marshall, Candace. "Unsolicited narratives from cancer survivors : a longitudinal, qualitative analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45328.

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Being diagnosed with the ‘C’ word, also known as cancer, provokes a wide variety of psychological reactions for those newly diagnosed with the disease. The cannon of literature on how individuals cope and adjust to a cancer is diverse and suggests that how one copes and adjusts is influenced by such variables as age, gender, social support, cancer severity and cancer type. This qualitative study is a secondary analysis of unsolicited narratives written in the margins of survey questionnaires in a longitudinal study of how cancer patients emotionally adjust to a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to understand how the unsolicited narratives of 86 cancer patients might contribute to the broader context of the theory-laden scope of health and counselling research. Purposely, this research study pursued two lines of investigation: 1) the ambiguity of test items and 2) how standardized measures do not fully capture personal experience. Qualitative description was used to analyze the unsolicited narratives. Conventional thematic analysis was used to code the data that was then categorized into major themes that arose from the narratives. The results from the narratives added by 86 of the original 421 (20.4%) participants resulted in identifying six main sub-themes, namely: coping and adjustment to cancer, the effects of cancer, employment and RTW, other life events, social support and diagnosis and treatment. Themes arising from the narratives are commonly found within the cannon of cancer research and provide further supporting evidence about those issues most important to newly diagnosed cancer patients.

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Tucker, Debra L. 1966. "Minority student persistence in college: A longitudinal, qualitative study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282646.

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The purpose of this study was to examine minority student college persistence. The research setting was a public, Research I institution located in the Southwest. A longitudinal, qualitative research approach was used in which twenty-five students were interviewed at the beginning of their freshmen year, and again, approximately seven years later. Through the analysis of the minority students' experience, a theory of minority student persistence was developed called the Theory of Navigation. The results indicate that minority students experience college differently than their white students cohort. Traditional theories of student persistence do not fully explain their experience. The findings of this research could affect how colleges nationwide serve their minority student populations.

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Frost, Kathleen. "A longitudinal exploration of the supervisory relationship : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404207.

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Bellass, S. "Intergenerational experiences of young onset dementia : a qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40933/.

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This thesis presents sociological understandings of processes that occur in intergenerational relationships when one person develops young onset dementia i.e. dementia before the age of 65. While interest in the subjective experience of this condition has increased in recent years, qualitative research has almost exclusively focussed on individuals - those living with the condition, their spousal carers or their children - rather than enmeshed family and friend relationships. In addition, virtually all of the research on this dynamic, unpredictable condition has been cross-sectional and is limited in the extent to which it can capture change as dementia progresses. To address this limitation in the knowledge base, this study uses a qualitative longitudinal methodology to generate insights into the effect of young onset dementia on intergenerational relationships over time. The research questions this study addresses are: 1) How do people within intergenerational families make sense of young onset dementia over the past, present and future and 2) To what extent and by what processes do people within different generations experience a sense of belonging to the experience of dementia? Eighteen participants from five intergenerational families where one person had received a diagnosis of young onset dementia were recruited via two third sector service providers. All five families participated in the first wave of interviews and three families were retained throughout the year-long data collection process and were interviewed at months 0, 6 and 12. Data were analysed as unique cases to create compelling, richly textured intergenerational accounts, then brought into conversation with each other through a cross-case generational analysis. The novel application of a longitudinal sociological perspective in a field dominated by cross-sectional practitioner research has enabled the generation of unique knowledge about how young onset dementia is lived in a broader relational context. Specifically, two generations were less connected to the experience of dementia: parents of people with young onset dementia, who were perceived to have unrealistic expectations about their child's limitations, and grandchildren, who were perceived to have limited awareness about the condition. Additionally, the concept of transgenerationality, where a grandparent with dementia was perceived to have relocated in a grandchild's generation, has been developed. The recommendations for policy and practice are that the provision of support should be broadened from the current focus on the carer-cared for dyad to encompass a wider range of interpersonal relationships.

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Jeffrey, David Ian. "Exploring empathy with medical students : a qualitative longitudinal phenomenological study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31078.

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Contribution The main contribution offered by my research is an increased understanding of medical students’ perceptions of empathy and the factors that influence this. By using an innovative method in medical education research, the study contributes to research methodology. Background Empathy is accepted as a fundamental part of the patient-doctor relationship and essential for effective clinical care. Current societal opinions are that some healthcare professionals lack empathy and that medical students become less empathetic during their training, although the reasons for this are not understood. If this perceived decline is to be addressed, medical educators need to understand students’ perspectives of the factors that influence their empathy. Aims of the research The study sought to gain a deeper understanding of the development of medical students’ empathy and the factors influencing this during their undergraduate training. It is hoped that this understanding may lead to improvements in medical education and patient care. Methods Ethical approval for the study was granted by the University. A phenomenological approach was adopted, which involved listening to the students’ views and experiences of their course. Serial, semi-structured, indepth, interviews were conducted with sixteen medical students. Each year the student completed an hour-long interview over three years. One group of eight students were followed during the preclinical years of the course (years 1-3) and the other group, during the clinical years (years 4-6). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded using qualitative data analysis software (N Vivo), and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Findings The students in the preclinical years described empathy as a personal attribute, emphasising its emotional dimension. In the clinical years, students viewed empathy differently: as a complex relational process with the patient, which varied in depth and quality according to the clinical context. They described the tensions between connecting with and detachment from a patient. Students indicated influences which enhanced their empathy, including patient contact and positive role models. They also identified barriers to empathy, including: the medical school culture, a biomedical bias in the curriculum, a lack of patient contact, negative role models and teaching of professionalism as distancing from patients. The preclinical group of students reported gaining in self-confidence during their course. The clinical group described how their empathy with patients had increased but they detected a conflict between empathy and efficiency. Conclusions The use of an innovative longitudinal, phenomenological approach in medical education research generated new understanding of a complex interpersonal view of empathy and highlighted aspects of a ‘hidden curriculum’. The students maintained that their contact with patients was the most useful way of developing empathy. They expressed a desire to connect emotionally with patients but were uncertain how to balance this connection with professional detachment. They described a marked biomedical emphasis in their course and perceived that teaching on professionalism encouraged a distancing from patients. In contrast to the widely-reported opinion that there has been a decline in medical students’ empathy, this study suggested that students perceived that their empathy increased during their training. However, some students had learned distancing behaviours to hide their empathetic feelings. In the light of this research, it is hoped that medical educators will develop ways of supporting students to deal appropriately with their own emotions and those of patients.

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Handforth, Rachel. "Exploring the career aspirations of women doctoral students : a longitudinal qualitative study." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2018. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/22420/.

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This thesis explores how women doctoral students imagine their post-PhD futures, and how doctoral experiences shape career aspirations. Situated in literature highlighting the persistence of gender inequality in academia, and gendered post-PhD career choices, this research illuminates the factors which influence aspirations, and the role of the PhD in the 'leaky pipeline'. Using qualitative methods – interviews, research diaries, and letters to future selves – within a longitudinal framework, it explores how academic careers are perceived over time, and how shifting personal priorities shape imagined futures. Using possible selves theory and the concept of horizons for action as theoretical tools enables analysis of individual agency and academic structures. Adopting a three-dimensional narrative inquiry approach, underpinned by feminist research principles, places participants' stories at the centre of the thesis. These methodological and theoretical approaches make visible the structural barriers that participants perceived to pursuing academic careers, including the pressure to publish and the prevalence of insecure contracts. The research makes explicit how gendered issues pose barriers, including perceived incompatibilities between family and academic life. These issues hindered participants' sense of belonging to academic communities and their ability to develop academic identities. This research demonstrates how the doctorate acts as a litmus test for an academic career, allowing participants to observe what being an academic involves, and judge whether or not academia is ‘for’ them. It has implications for the higher education sector, current and future doctoral students, and those involved in doctoral education and support. This research makes four key contributions to knowledge. Firstly, it addresses the gap in knowledge about women's experiences of doctoral study, and their career aspirations. Secondly, its cross-disciplinary approach contributes to literature on academic cultures. Thirdly, it adds to knowledge about how PhD students develop feelings of belonging to academic communities. Finally, my introduction of the career savvy concept contributes to literature on doctoral students' career development. This research also makes methodological contributions through its longitudinal perspective and use of letters to future selves, and offers a theoretical contribution in combining possible selves theory from psychology with the sociological concept of horizons for action.

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Swainston, Katherine. "Women's experiences of breast cancer : a longitudinal perspective." Thesis, Teesside University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/301650.

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Utilising a hermeneutic phenomenological approach twenty women’s experiences of breast cancer were explored through semi-structured interviews at three time points during their healthcare trajectory from recent diagnosis to early follow-up. Phenomenological analysis guided by van Manen’s (1990) principles revealed numerous multifaceted themes some of which were time limited while others spanned the data collection period. Use was made of an adapted life grid approach in order to enhance the implicit meanings to be elicited through interpretation of text. Central themes depicting the medicalisation of breast cancer, perceptions and management of the body and participants’ emotional journey were uncovered. Breast cancer was found to represent a biographical disruption that had a long-term impact on a woman’s body, self, identity and sense of embodiment. Changes to the body, due to breast cancer treatment, and an altered way of being in the world, elicited disruption to the body-self relationship, a separation that was reinforced by the healthcare system. Participants were found to adopt a variety of coping strategies to manage ongoing change and the stress elicited by experiencing breast cancer as a chronic illness. Avoidance, information management, conscious passivity in treatment decision-making and positive cognitive restructuring are examples of such mechanisms. However, women’s experiences of each theme identified and the emergence and maintenance of these themes varied according to women’s biography, diagnosis and prescribed treatment regime, cancer schema, and social support. Accordingly, models of care must address women’s individual experiences and recognise their changing needs throughout the year post diagnosis.

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Cavers, Debbie Grant. "Understanding the supportive care needs of glioma patients and their relatives : a qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10630.

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Background: Malignant cerebral glioma is a rare cancer but has a devastating impact on patients and their families. In Scotland each year, around 450 people are diagnosed with glioma. Prognosis is generally poor and treatment is essentially palliative. There is a growing recognition that non-clinical aspects of care for both patients and their families need to be acknowledged and integrated into health care provision in line with a patient-focused ethos of care. Currently, there is relatively little research exploring the psychosocial issues and needs of this patient group. Aims: To give patients being investigated for malignant cerebral glioma and their families the opportunity to describe their shared experiences of their illness journey and voice their concerns and unmet needs. To examine how these experiences and needs change over time as the patient progresses through the illness journey. To ascertain the extent to which these needs are recognised and supported, taking into accounts professionals’ views and making suggestions for steps forward in improving patients’ psychosocial care. Methods: A total of 80 qualitative prospective longitudinal interviews (30 paired and 50 separate) were conducted with 26 people with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of malignant cerebral glioma being treated at a regional hospital and 24 primary relative/informal carers. Patients and carers were interviewed at the following five times: leading up to diagnosis; following a formal diagnosis; around the end of initial treatment (radiotherapy); at a designated six-month follow-up stage; and bereavement interviews with carers. One-off interviews were carried out with 66 health professionals (19 case-linked GPs and 47 other health, health-related and social care professionals involved in patients' care). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using the constant comparative method from a grounded theory approach assisted by QSR NVivo Version 7. Findings: Distress, anxiety and shock were overwhelming reactions in the period leading up to a diagnosis of glioma, making it difficult for participants to make sense of their experience. Over time, participants employed a range of strategies in order to cope with their diagnosis. Social and emotional support from professionals and friends, family and other patients were vital in many cases but support often felt inadequate. The role of information and the manner in which it was communicated was closely linked to participants’ ability to cope. Information needs were variable but on the whole patients and carers did not feel well informed. Dealing with cognitive and physical symptoms of their illness and side effects of treatment inhibited patients’ ability to resume their everyday activities. The lives of relatives were also affected as they struggled to care for their loved ones. People with a diagnosis of glioma were faced with the possibility of death from an early point in their illness trajectory and awareness of this, coupled with ability to make sense of existential issues, varied across participants. Issues around support, communication, information and palliative care were considered to be important among health professionals involved in the care of people with a diagnosis of glioma but provision fell short. Conclusions: Concerns regarding information, communication and support reported elsewhere in the literature are enduring in glioma patients and their relatives. Reporting of unmet psychosocial and supportive care issues by patients and recognition by professionals of the need to improve these dimensions of care for people affected by glioma emphasises previous recommendations yet to be fully implemented into patient care.

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Nedjati-Gilani, Parisa. "Leadership development, identity, culture and context : a qualitative case study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15969.

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This thesis explores the impact and effects of a leadership development programme in-depth and over time. There has been a lack of attention given to understanding the impact of such interventions in the academic literature. Where studies do investigate the impact (s) of leadership development they tend to focus almost exclusively on positive outcomes or the achievement of pre-determined targets and tend to be short-term in focus. This research finds that there is also a shadow side of leadership development, defined as the unintended effects of leadership development programmes which can be counter-productive and dysfunctional. A longitudinal case study approach was adopted comprising documentary analysis, observation and interviews, the latter of which were conducted with multiple stakeholders at three different junctures in time during and beyond the length of the leadership development programme. Three conceptual dimensions of identity, organisational culture and organisational context were identified which together facilitated a multi-faceted understanding of the changing impact and effects of the leadership development programme over time. In conclusion this thesis makes both a theoretical and methodological contribution by adding a longitudinal, multi-level analysis and evaluation of leadership development, evidencing both positive and shadow impacts and effects.

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Carduff, Emma Kathryn. "Realising the potential : developing qualitative longitudinal methods for understanding the experience of metastatic colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8193.

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Background Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) has a long history in the social sciences, where its theoretical basis is well established. Qualitative longitudinal (QL) methods are gaining popularity in health care research for exploring the dynamic experience of illness. However, methodological development of QLR is limited within the health literature, and there are very few studies examining the experience of people with colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, such studies describe the experiences of those surviving CRC and the voices of those with advanced disease who are approaching the end of their lives remain largely unheard. Aim and objective This study explores the potential of QL interviewing to examine the experiences of those with advanced, metastatic, CRC. I investigate how QL interviews can be best utilised to explore the participants’ accounts of their experiences. I specifically examine the added value and costs of a flexible approach with regard to the frequency and timing of longitudinal interviews. Analytical approaches to QL data are examined to determine their overall value. Methods Sixteen patients with metastatic CRC and eight of their family carers participated in narrative interviews at three time points over the course of a year. The study was designed to include two groups of participants. The first, a routine interval group where interviews were carried out at regular intervals of six months; the second, a flexible interval group where there was an interview at baseline followed by monthly phone calls to track changes in the participants’ circumstances, with a view to conducting the interview as change was occurring. The data were analysed at each time point, and longitudinally using narrative and thematic techniques. Findings The QL design enabled a trusting relationship to evolve, such that private accounts of experience were disclosed. Thus, a nuanced and contextualised understanding of the experience of metastatic CRC materialised. Overall the accounts of CRC were characterised by uncertainty, yet at the same time death was a certainty. Over time, this dual narrative led to participants feeling themselves to be in an ambiguous and liminal state. Some participants described a loss of sense of self, yet others maintained their identity. The work that participants carried out to manage their sense of self changed, as they moved from a collective to an individual identity. In the flexible interval group, monthly telephone calls produced an even more profound research relationship and further enriched the accounts. However, early interviews were only conducted on two occasions and more ethical issues arose as a result of the increased contact. Conclusions By exploring the potential of QL methods, this study has developed the methodology for researching the experiences of those with serious illness. QL interviewing elicits a deep understanding of metastatic CRC that appreciates notions of temporality, process and change. Regular contact with participants between interviews can further enrich the accounts, and is a useful strategy for tracking changes given the unpredictable nature of advanced disease. This thesis showcases the cross-sectional and longitudinal opportunities that QL analysis presents; yet also highlights how longitudinal narrative analysis allows a story to unfold over time which reflects the beginning, the middle and for some the end of the illness experience. Although QL analysis is time consuming, and more contact can amplify ethical issues, the benefits outweigh the constraints.

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Audulv, Åsa. "The over time development of chronic illness self-management patterns: a longitudinal qualitative study." Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-18919.

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Background: There currently exists a vast amount of literature concerning chronic illness self-management, however the developmental patterns and sustainability of self-management over time remain largely unknown. This paper aims to describe the patterns by which different chronic illness self-management behaviors develop and are maintained over time. Method: Twenty-one individuals newly diagnosed with chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, rheumatism, ischemic heart disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic renal disease, inflammatory bowel disease) were repeatedly interviewed over two-and-a-half years. The interviews were conducted in Sweden from 2006 to 2008. A total of 81 narrative interviews were analyzed with an interpretive description approach. Results: The participants’ self-management behaviors could be described in four different developmental patterns: consistent, episodic, on demand, and transitional. The developmental patterns were related to specific self-management behaviors. Most participants took long-term medications in a consistent pattern, whereas exercise was often performed according to an episodic pattern. Participants managed health crises (e.g., angina, pain episodes) according to an on demand pattern and everyday changes due to illness (e.g., adaptation of work and household activities) according to a transitional pattern. All of the participants used more than one self-management pattern. Conclusion: The findings show that self-management does not develop as one uniform pattern. Instead different self-management behaviors are enacted in different patterns. Therefore, it is likely that self-management activities require support strategies tailored to each behavior’s developmental pattern.
Exploring individuals’ conceptions as a way to understand self-management among people living with long term medical conditions

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Connolly, Suzanne Gertrude. "Large women's accounts of health and weight management in postpartum : a longitudinal qualitative study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25480.

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Postpartum weight retention is commonly considered an important precursor to long-term weight gain, with existing research suggesting that failure to lose weight in postpartum has significant future health implications. While postpartum has been identified as a possible ‘window of opportunity’ for women to make health behaviour change and manage their weight, it remains unclear how mothers, and in particular ‘large’ (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) mothers, experience health and engage with health-related behaviours at this particular point in the life course. Existing research has done little to enhance our understandings of the lived, embodied and practical realities of caring for an infant and, crucially, how this impacts health and weight management during the postpartum period. In addition, qualitative research focusing on postpartum has largely ignored the temporal dimensions of this period and, instead, has tended to focus attentions on a single ‘snapshot’ in time. To address these gaps in the literature, this study employed longitudinal qualitative methodology to explore 15 ‘large’ (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) women’s lived experience of health and weight management over the first six months following childbirth. Participants were recruited from a specialist antenatal metabolic clinic based in Edinburgh, Scotland. When possible, three in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with each participant: the first at six weeks postpartum, the second at three months and, the third at six months postpartum. Both six weeks and six months have consistently been identified in the literature as important markers for postpartum women. Hence, it was hoped that by interviewing at these and an intervening time point (i.e. three months) it would be possible to capture and understand processes of change with regards to weight management in the postpartum period. The analysis revealed that accounts of health and weight were far from straightforward and seemed to be heavily influenced by the wider social context, which routinely pathologises, demonises and stigmatises ‘fatness’. Challenging contemporary discourses of the ‘obesity epidemic’ which frame the large body as a direct consequence of individual lifestyle, participants principally drew upon lay notions of inheritance and implicated a genetic predisposition to resist individual responsibility for weight and body size. The analysis suggests that concerns for health were largely predicated on subjective experiences and, in the absence of tangible and embodied experiences of ill-health, participants expressed little if any impetus to engage in weight management for the purpose of improving their health. In short, the idea that their weight was an indicator of poor health, or future health risk, was not a view shared by participants. Instead, they expressed more complex understandings of their weight, and their responsibilities to engage in health changing behaviour. Despite articulating often strong desires to engage in weight management ‘for the baby’, the longitudinal focus revealed a disjuncture between these intentions and the reality of those engagements. Influential in this discordance was the transition from an intensely medicalised and closely monitored pregnancy, to a period of minimal or no follow up in postpartum. The lack of ‘surveillance’ appeared to have a notable impact on participants’ engagements with health-related behaviours once at home and going about the day-to-day tasks of caring for their infant. Dominant discourses around ‘good’ mothering also made it difficult for participants to prioritise their own needs (such as weight management) ahead of those of their children and other family members. When participants reflected on their experiences of mothering they frequently drew upon understandings of themselves as relational beings and, at times, positioned themselves as phenomenologically inseparable from their baby. This relationality was often experienced as a diminishing of individual autonomy, as the body of the mother and the baby became inter-embodied and bounded. Consequently, my analysis serves to problematise the individualised expectation surrounding a mother’s ability to act autonomously and engage in health-related behaviours in postpartum. These findings also call for a stronger appreciation to be developed of the complexities surrounding engagements with health-related behaviours at this particular point in the life course. In particular this research demonstrates the importance and utility of adopting a more embodied approach, which in turn has some notable implications for public health policy and practice.

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Canter, Rachel. "Students' experience of challenge, difficulty and stuckness in higher education : a qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24781.

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It is widely accepted that Higher Education should provide students with a challenging experience. Research on threshold concepts provides a framework for exploring challenging content within a discipline and has contributed to understanding how to support students with conceptual difficulties. However, less is known about how individual students experience challenge and difficulty in their academic studies, in particular how they respond and feel when they become stuck. This study explores students’ experience of challenge, difficulty and stuckness, how they responded and managed challenges and any associated feelings. The study, carried out in a university in the Southwest of England, used a Qualitative Longitudinal Research design to follow 16 students through the second year of a degree for Allied Health Professionals. Data were collected using the semi-structured and email interview methods. Data were analysed longitudinally and cross-sectionally using a constant comparison process. The findings and discussion are presented using a ‘natural’ style which aims to capture the student journey over the academic year. The study found that some form of challenge, difficulty or stuckness was commonplace in the students’ educational experience. The value of challenges which create uncertainty in education is recognised, particularly where students are grappling with boundaries around knowledge. Variation in students’ experiences was partly explained by their ‘spiky profiles’ (influencing factors such as prior education and work experience) and partly by differences in factors relating to strategy use. The students were creative and resourceful in developing a range of specific and generic strategies in several areas: the use of time and space; the management of expectations and acceptance of feelings; and monitoring and reflection. The study adds to current understanding of stuckness through an examination of the liminal spaces students encountered. The discussion argues for a more nuanced and holistic approach to understanding students’ engagement with a complex cycle of challenges and strategy use, which creates a range of expectations, tensions, feelings and opportunities. It identifies implications for Higher Education practice and calls for an understanding of the impact and interconnectedness of factors influencing students. It stresses the importance of providing structures for students to explore how they learn and develop their academic practice, in addition to discipline specific knowledge and skills.

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Skivington, Kathryn. "Incapacity benefit, employment transitions, and health : evidence from longitudinal data and a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4743/.

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Background: UK welfare reform endeavours to reduce out-of-work health-related benefit receipt and support people into employment. Such reforms assume that work is good for health and that targeting welfare-to-work interventions at individuals will result in moves from benefit receipt to employment. The research in this thesis tackles two questions associated with UK welfare reforms: (1) Is work always good for health? And, (2) Is the focus on motivating individual Incapacity Benefit (IB) and Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) recipients appropriate, or are there barriers to return to work that this approach cannot address? Methods: Three approaches were taken to address the aims: 1) Longitudinal analysis, using Generalised Estimating Equations, of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study (Twenty-07), to explore transitions from worklessness to employment. The analyses looked at both employment and health outcomes (self-rated and anxiety or depression) and took account of the psychosocial quality of the jobs obtained. 2) A systematic review of qualitative studies that explored the barriers and/or facilitators to employment from the perspective of people out of work because of health conditions or disabilities. A qualitative synthesis, using meta-ethnography, of the included studies was conducted. 3) A primary study utilising in-depth interviews with IB and ESA recipients, General Practitioners (GPs), and Employment Advisors (EAs) in Glasgow, to gain more understanding about barriers and facilitators to work and to fill the gaps identified in the qualitative synthesis. The interviews were analysed using Framework Analysis methods. Findings: Findings from Twenty-07 data showed that only 6.6% of those out of work because of ill health returned to work within the follow-up period. After a transition from worklessness to employment those in low-quality jobs had higher odds of poor health than those who moved to high-quality jobs, even after taking account of prior health. Those who remained workless had higher or similar odds of poor health as those who had moved to low-quality jobs. Nine studies were synthesised in the systematic review. Participants in the studies identified similar barriers and/or facilitators to return to work. Barriers and facilitators were related to health, workplace factors, the need to change job, financial issues, life stage and social circumstance, support, and self-construct. Synthesis and interpretation of the studies led to themes that were then further explored. These themes were: the complex pathway of return to work; competing participant and author narratives, and a difficulty of interpretation; the distinction between expected and experienced barriers to work; differences in barriers and facilitators by participant characteristics; job quality; and work-role centrality, adaptation, and financial risk. Seventeen IB or ESA recipients, six GPs, and six EAs participated in the qualitative study. Their barriers and facilitators to work confirmed the findings of the systematic review. All IB/ESA recipients had multiple and interacting barriers that were not limited to their motivation but also related to wider labour-market and social-context issues. Those with complex social situations and mental health conditions had lower expectation that they would successfully return to work. All participant groups were concerned that the policies of the welfare system did not match up with the labour-market or the social context. Conclusions: A very low proportion of those out of work because of ill health transitioned into employment. This is concerning because current policy is to reduce the number of people receiving IB and ESA. The research showed that there is a significant challenge to support this group into employment and that policies focusing on motivating individuals may miss important barriers to return to work. There appear to be health benefits from return to work; however, job quality is important, and the potential for health improvement is limited if the job is of poor quality. Supporting people into work has the potential to improve health, but more effort is required to determine how to improve support and target where it is most needed. Further research is necessary to explore the results of the current welfare reform i.e. whether IB/ESA recipients move into work, what helps them do so, and whether they experience a change in health.

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Lenders, Olaf. "Active vocabulary learning with electronic glosses : a longitudinal qualitative study in an authentic EAP classroom /." Duisburg : Univ.-Verl. Rhein-Ruhr, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2994921&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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La, Fontaine Papadopoulos Jenny H. "A longitudinal exploration of the experience of fronto-temporal dementia in intergenerational families." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14781.

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Background: Dementia presents challenges for whole families requiring on-going adaptation. Family relationships provide important benefits, thus understanding the impact of dementia for families is critical to facilitating their wellbeing. Behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) brings specific challenges for relationships, however little is understood about how these are experienced or how families adjust. Aims: This research sought to develop an in-depth understanding of the inter-generational family experience of bvFTD over time. Method: Using a qualitative design, nineteen people were interviewed from seven families, including people living with bvFTD. Interviews occurred over three time points. Narrative analysis and grounded theory were used to understand how relationships are affected and the psycho-social coping processes involved in adjustment over time. Results: Four themes emerged; - Cohesive and connected --- distant and disconnected - Challenges to we/ I - Assimilating, adjusting and reconstructing --- resisting, denying, being stuck - A changing we / I --- an entrenched we / I Results illustrate the influence of pre-existing relationships on family experiences of bvFTD. Challenges to family relationships occurred, including changes in mutuality and increased responsibility. Levels of awareness and understanding, influenced by factors such as proximity impacted upon individual and family adjustment. Assimilating these changes was critical to developing strategies for managing the impact on the relationship and adapting to ‘a changing we’. For closest family members including partners, grief and loss were experienced resulting in the need for a parallel adaptation to a changing ‘I’. Acceptance and adaptation was critical to supporting the wellbeing of the person with bvFTD.

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Queen, Martyn. "The impact of an exercise referral scheme on patients and health professionals : a longitudinal qualitative study." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/1380/.

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Understanding the complexities associated with physical activity behaviour is problematic as it is a complex phenomenon that the majority of the population do not engage with. Sedentary lifestyles have been associated with a range of diseases, more prevalent in areas of social deprivation than in affluent areas. The objective of this research was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of a group of patients and their referring health professionals, in respect to what the experience meant to them and its impact on their lives. A qualitative longitudinal approach was used to maximise the ecological validity of the study. The practice based exercise referral scheme took place in a South West Devon city. The data collection phase comprised of two parts. Twelve interviews were carried out with referred patients on three occasions (0, 8 and 12 months). The second phase consisted of six interviews with the referring health professionals on two separate occasions (0 and 8 months). Grounded theory methodology guided the analysis resulting in two conceptual models. The first model emerged from the health professional’s data. It depicted the context in which the patients were referred into the scheme and represented the phenomena ‘patient take-up of a practice based exercise referral scheme’. The second model emerged from the patient’s data, depicted the context in which the patients experienced the scheme and represented the phenomena ‘the impact of long term involvement with an exercise referral scheme on patient’s perceived health status. These findings were interpreted further to gain insights into the core categories of ‘easier referral’ and ‘feeling better’, which emerged from the first and second models respectively. The analysis highlighted the multidimensional nature of these two categories. ‘Easier referral’ embraced a wide range of notions. For example, structural systems, interactional tactics and training needs. Barriers to referral included not prioritising referrals and gender stereotypes. Enablers included tactics to engage the patient with the scheme. ‘Feeling better’ embraced a wide range of beliefs held by the patients. For example, the impact of the scheme on perceived health status, the impact of sedentary behaviour on disease aetiology and the support systems necessary for adherence. Key motivators for adherence were, feeling good, health status and medical implications. Through unpacking the two concepts of ‘feeling better’ and ‘easier referral’ the findings provide new knowledge on the potential that exercise referral schemes have to improve long term quality of life for patients. The findings also suggest methods that health professionals can improve patient take-up of schemes. This insight can inform researchers and future evaluation design of exercise referral schemes to be more representative of the genuine long term impact on the health of patients. Future schemes would benefit by developing: engagement tactics; training to reduce risk to health professionals; fostering gender neutral patient perceptions; and identification and use of support systems by exercise professionals. This context specific evidence adds to the current research and as such can inform future practice and research. This study has shown that a practice based exercise referral scheme can enable patients to develop long term physical activity behaviour, apply learnt behaviour to their lifestyles, help to manage medical conditions and improve perceptions of health status.

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Crampton, Paul Edward Schiemann. "Medical student learning during longitudinal clinical placements in under-served, deprived, community areas : a qualitative study." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11144/.

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Background There are national UK general practitioner (GP) shortages, particularly in deprived areas, and an insufficient number of medical students intend to become GPs. Medical students currently have limited exposure to settings which provide care for deprived communities. This research investigates student learning during the Difficult and Deprived Areas Programme (DDAP), an innovative pilot programme which places fourth year students in general practice and community placements in under-served, post-industrial, deprived areas for 14 weeks. Method A systematic review investigating the efficacy of undergraduate community placements in under-served areas was completed. A qualitative approach was used collecting data from: DDAP students (n=9) before, during, and end of placement; GP supervisors (n=14), and patients (n=12). Comparison data was collected from peers taking alternative placements to the DDAP (n=16) and students taking an established rural programme (n=6). Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Data were analysed using framework analysis and the Experience Based Learning theory. Findings In total, 85 interviews were conducted over a two and a half year period. The DDAP experience enhanced student knowledge about psychosocial determinants of health, developed compassion, and reinforced clinical skills. Learning was facilitated through independent time with patients, which promoted deeper learning about the role of the doctor. The integrated and immersive DDAP structure gave students an understanding of delivering healthcare for patients with complex deprivation issues. Comparative placement experiences highlighted the importance of having a nurturing supportive supervisor and having an active role delivering healthcare within a community team. Conclusions There is increasing evidence on the value and importance of clinical placements in rural and remote communities, but little in regard to other under-served, deprived areas. This research explored medical student learning during an innovative placement in such a setting. The thesis provides evidence of the value of these placements and puts forward a model explaining why these placements are effective, and why they may help to create better doctors for the future.

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Granberg, Nils. "The dynamics of second language learning : a longitudinal and qualitative study of an adult's learning of Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Litteraturvetenskap och nordiska språk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59857.

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An often discussed issue in the field of second language learning is the influence and importance of individual differences, IDs, such as motivation, personality, previous learning experiences and learning strategies. It has been claimed that IDs form a complex system in the learner, but little consensus has been reached as regards definitions of constructs or their relative importance. Taking the individual learner as a starting-point, this dissertation attempts to demonstrate the complexity of individual differences in the single learner by adopting an in-depth holistic approach. For this purpose a longitudinal case study was designed to follow the learning process of a young Greek woman's acquisition of Swedish during a ten-month intensive course in Sweden. The study is mainly based on self-report and personal diaries, which have been interpreted and analysed qualitatively. The learning process is extensively described and changes in, for example, strategy use, life situation and learning progress are illustrated. There are indeed many complex factors which have the potential to influence learning. In this particular case, seven factors are indicated as having had a positive influence: previous language learning experiences (especially as regards learning strategies), long-term motivation, metalinguistic awareness, social contacts with L2 speakers, access to English as a mediating language, access to a strict and intensive Swedish course, and a well-needed learning break in the middle of the studies. Negative factors were largely of an emotional nature, especially a period of liminality which created feelings of not belonging, of being betwixt and between. It is suggested that IDs form a dynamic variable system in the learner. All the IDs are present in the learner, but they seem to change both in substance over time and in importance for the learner at different times in the learning process. Furthermore, IDs appear to be interconnected in a complex and dynamic way. The results of this study strongly emphasise the importance of both an holistic and a longitudinal approach to IDs in second language learning.
digitalisering@umu

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Lenders, Olaf [Verfasser]. "Active vocabulary learning with electronic glosses : A longitudinal qualitative study in an authentic EAP classroom. / Olaf Lenders." Duisburg : Universitätsverlag Rhein-Ruhr, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1147971935/34.

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Romeo-Velilla, María. "Complementarity of individual-level and community-level health promotion programmes : a longitudinal and qualitative study of empowerment." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/3885/.

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Health inequalities are the result of social inequalities and a major concern in the UK. In 1986 the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion committed to tackling such health inequalities and defined health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health’, with the concept of empowerment at the centre. Health promotion approaches can be broadly categorised into top-down and bottom-up programmes. Tensions between these exist and the value of a balanced approach has been recognised. However, it is not well understood if and how participants of programmes that take such different approaches experience empowerment and, if they could complement one another. This research was set in Stoke-on-Trent, a city with considerable health challenges and inequalities. Two ‘real world’ health promotion programmes were considered: (i) The Lifestyle Service (LS), a top-down individual-level programme; and (ii) My Community Matters (MCM), a bottom-up, community-level programme. Each was studied using longitudinal qualitative methods. Baseline interviews (n=23, LS; n=28, MCM) were analysed using thematic analysis. At one year, follow-up interviews were analysed using comparative analysis and following constructivist grounded theory (n=13, LS; n=17, MCM). For the LS, the thematic analysis revealed three master themes at baseline (past experiences, expectations, and barriers), and a model with three categories at follow-up (identification, planning, and action). The LS was primarily experienced with a providing role similar to person-centred approaches. For MCM, the thematic analysis revealed two master themes at baseline (community deterioration and perspectives towards community improvement), and at follow-up a model with four categories (power influences, community deciding, acting, and consequences). This programme was experienced with a providing role by ‘disengaged’ residents, but with a role of enabling action by ‘engaged’ residents. This provides novel insight into participant experiences of empowerment through individual- and community-level health programmes with recommendations of how such approaches can better collaborate and complement one another as part of an overall effort to improve health and reduce health inequalities.

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Ahmed, Nilufer Raihan. "Geographies of gender and generation : a qualitative, longitudinal analysis of the intersectionality of gender, age and place." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678314.

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Zoumba, Nongainéba Benjamin. "L’entrepreneuriat par nécessité et par opportunité : essai de compréhension dans le contexte burkinabè." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0065/document.

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L’entrepreneuriat de nécessité/opportunité revêt des enjeux scientifiques et pratiques importants en particulier dans les pays en développement. Cette thèse étudie les processus motivationnels des entrepreneurs de nécessité et d’opportunité.La recherche vise à comprendre dans le temps, les motivations de nécessité et d’opportunité des entrepreneurs durant le processus de démarrage. L’analyse des recherches sur le contenu et des recherches sur le processus des motivations de nécessité/opportunité souligne l’intérêt d’adopter une perspective processuelle dans l’étude du phénomène. L’étude empirique s’inscrit dès lors dans une perspective interprétative et mobilise une méthodologie qualitative longitudinale. Huit entrepreneurs du Burkina Faso ont été suivis à travers des entretiens approfondis sur une période de 15 mois. Les résultats indiquent d’abord que les outils de mesure de type GEM ne saisissent pas toujours pertinemment le phénomène des motivations de nécessité/opportunité. Ils montrent ensuite que durant le processus de démarrage, des phases motivationnelles de nécessité/mixité/opportunité transitent vers des phases de nature différente. Ils suggèrent enfin que les transitions motivationnelles sont sous-tendues par l’apparition/disparition de raisons relatives à l’environnement, à l’individu, aux résultats et aux actions. Ces résultats appellent à nuancer la dichotomie opérée entre les deux types d’entrepreneuriat, cette dichotomie apparaissant finalement instable pour les entrepreneurs étudiés. Ils interpellent également les politiques publiques d’accompagnement excluant les entrepreneurs de nécessité et suggèrent de prévoir des formes d’accompagnement flexibles afin qu’elles s’adaptent aux besoins des entrepreneurs dans le temps
Necessity and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship implies important scientific and practical issues, especially in developing countries. This research investigates the motivational processes of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs. The research aims to understand necessity and opportunity motivations of entrepreneurs during the start-up process.The analysis of prior content and process research on necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship underlines the importance of adopting a process perspective in the study of the phenomenon. The empirical study follows an interpretive perspective and mobilizes a longitudinal qualitative methodology. Eight entrepreneurs in Burkina Faso have been studied through in-depth interviews for 15 months.The results indicate firstly that the GEM-type measurement tools do not always grasp the phenomenon of necessity / opportunity motivations. The results then show that during the start-up process, the motivational phases of necessity / mix / opportunity transit to phases of different nature. Finally, the results suggest that motivational transitions are underpinned by the appearance / disappearance of reasons related to the environment, the individual, the results obtained and actions undertaken.Two types of contributions are outlined. The results first invite to mitigate the dichotomy between necessity and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, which appears in fact quite unstable for the entrepreneurs studied. Second, they question public policies that deliberately exclude necessity entrepreneurs from their program and call them to develop more flexible support policies that adapt to the need of the entrepreneurs in time

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Wanat, Marta. "Experiences of patients and of partners of patients with a recurrence of colorectal cancer : a qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2015. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/9912e10c-df4d-4a31-b87e-7fddc97f4017/1/.

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Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer type in the UK. Following treatment, many patients will recover and be considered cured. However, this is not the case for all patients and some will face a recurrence of their cancer. This PhD aimed to explore the experiences of patients and partners of patients when colorectal cancer recurs. A meta-ethnography and literature review were conducted to examine the existing research evidence on the experiences of patients and of partners, respectively, at the time of recurrence. While these reviews provided some insights, they also highlighted the lack of studies exploring this important phase in the cancer journey. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was chosen as a methodology to explore in depth the experiences of patients and partners. A longitudinal design was used to capture changes in participants’ experiences. Analysis of interviews with six patients with colorectal cancer recurrence and five partners revealed that the initial diagnosis was an important framework for making sense of the diagnosis of recurrence. Specifically, participants compared the treatment options, quality of care and prognosis at the time of recurrence to those at initial diagnosis which, in turn, could either magnify or lessen their distress. Patients faced challenges in sharing their experience, including their emotions and information on their illness. Partners also struggled to share their experiences with other people, but these challenges were mainly related to the physical and emotional burden of caring. Finally, the study also highlighted that the diagnosis of recurrence disrupted previous rhythms of life for both patients and partners. While patients’ accounts focused on ways of negotiating the place of cancer in their lives within the context of coping with physical suffering, partners also grieved the loss of a previous relationship with a patient. This PhD captures the difficult experience of colorectal cancer recurrence for patients and partners, and the complex psychological processes that underpin this experience. The findings have clinical implications regarding information and supportive care provision and may help to inform further development of health care services for patients with colorectal cancer recurrence and their partners.

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Wenham, Aniela. "Mothers in the making : a qualitative longitudinal study exploring the journey of becoming and being a teenage mother." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2832/.

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Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) has been described as an emerging and innovative methodology particularly adept at exploring the complex multifaceted nature of young people's lives. Adopting a qualitative longitudinal approach, this thesis explores young women's experiences of teenage pregnancy and motherhood. Highlighting the use and value of this methodology demonstrates the complexity of teenage pregnancy and motherhood, especially with regard to developments through time and how an individual narrative can unfold. By taking a holistic biographical approach this thesis also considers the role of 'critical moments' through time in defining and impacting upon young mother's transitions, identities and life chances. The value of focusing upon processes rather than simply outcomes can also help inform more receptive policy approaches. For instance, being able to grasp the significance of events and ascertain the causes and processes through time help ensure that policy initiatives correspond to the needs of service users. As the thesis will highlight, QLR should be viewed as a distinctive methodological approach that can provide unique and valuable insights into the processes attached to complex social phenomena and give weight to the lived experiences of young mothers. What makes this thesis an original contribution to the literature is how it views teenage pregnancy and motherhood as fluid and dynamic, moving away from the static snap shots that often depict young mothers as struggling, or even 'failing' (at one moment in time), to a more nuanced account that reflects their journeys into motherhood and changes through time.

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Pleschberger, Sabine, Elisabeth Reitinger, Birgit Trukeschitz, and Paulina Wosko. "Older people living alone (OPLA) - non-kin-carers' support towards the end of life: qualitative longitudinal study protocol." Springer Nature, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1243-7.

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Background: A growing number of older people, mainly women, live in single households. They represent avulnerable group as staying at home may turn out challenging when care needs increase, particularly at the end oflife. Non-kin-carers can play an essential role in supporting individuals' preferences to stay at home. In research Little attention has been paid to non-kin-carers, such as friends and neighbors, yet. Thus, the Older People Living Alone (OPLA) study will evaluate whether non-kin support is robust enough to enable care dependent people to stay athome even at the end of life. This paper aims to introduce the research protocol. Methods: We plan to apply a qualitative longitudinal study to better understand how older people living aloneand their non-kin-carers manage to face the challenges with increased care needs towards the end-of-life. We willconduct serial interviews with the older persons living alone and their non-kin-carers. A total of 20-25 completedata sets and up to 200 personal interviews were planned. These will be complemented by regular telephonecontacts. All interviews will be analysed following the grounded theory approach and strategies for reconstructingcase trajectories, supported by MAXQDA software. In the course of the study, inter- and transdisciplinary workshopsshall assure quality and support knowledge transfer. Discussion: This study protocol aims to guide research in a field that is difficult to approach, with regard to itstopic, methodology and the interdisciplinary approach. As this study introduces longitudinal qualitative Research methodology in the field of home care in Austria, a deeper understanding of (end-of-life-) care trajectories will beenhanced, which is of major relevance for future care planning. With investment in additional reflexivity andcommunication procedures innovative results and robust knowledge are expected outcomes.

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Bjørnholt, Margunn. "Modern men : A Norwegian 30-year longitudinal study of intergenerational transmission and social change." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-34980.

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The dissertation addresses men and change, intergenerational transmission, historical change and agency, employing as a case a longitudinal follow-up study over two generations of men, where the fathers participated in an experimental research project, the Work-Sharing Couples Project, which aimed to promote egalitarian work–family adaptations in Norway in the early 1970s. The original project was based on both spouses working part-time and shift parenting. The summary presents a multidimensional analysis of the work–family adaptations of the two generations of men: the untraditional adaptation of fathers in the 1970s; and the neo-traditional adaptations of sons in the 2000s. Their different work–family adaptations are discussed as situated agency, taking into account different aspects of time and space, personal biography, discursive and material structures of opportunity, and intergenerational dynamics at the family level as well as at social level. The five articles present the empirical material: Bjørnholt (2009a) presents the impact on the couple relation and the family of the the parents’ work–sharing arrangement, concluding that the work-sharing arrangement was perceived by the participants to have been beneficial for their couple relationship as well as for the family as a whole. Bjørnholt (2011) explores the motivations of the work-sharing men to act as agents of change towards gender equality, concluding that personal biography, an authoritative way of being and new masculinity ideals, notably a partner- oriented masculinity, were important. Bjørnholt (2010b) analyses the consequences of the work-sharing arrangement on the work-sharing men’s careers, concluding that there were few negative career effects. They were rather successful, and their house-father experiences tended to be valued by employers as management skills. Bjørnholt (2009b) concludes that a father–son design is insufficient in explaining intergenerational transmission and Bjørnholt (2010c) finds that the untraditional work–family arrangement had not been passed on to sons.

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Rocha, Najara Barbosa da [UNESP]. "Estudo longitudinal sobre a prática de aleitamento materno: fatores associados e causas de desmame." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95405.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_nb_me_araca.pdf: 753568 bytes, checksum: fe35e8823e28b5889b61841255bf3e22 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A prática de aleitamento materno é de fundamental para o crescimento, desenvolvimento, saúde e nutrição dos bebês, sendo uma intervenção simples e efetiva para reduzir mortalidade e morbidade infantil. Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência do aleitamento materno, os fatores que influenciam seu sucesso e as causas do desmame precoce, comparando entre cidades com ou sem Estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF), bem como a associação do aleitamento com os hábitos de sucção não-nutritivos. Neste estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, foram entrevistadas 84 mães durante a gestação e acompanhados 87 bebês até o sexto mês de vida. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira foi constituída de entrevistas com gestantes nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e visitas domiciliares. Após o nascimento dos bebês, na segunda etapa do estudo, foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares mensais do primeiro até o sexto mês de vida do bebê. Testes estatísticos foram realizados para verificar-se associações, bem como construídas curvas de sobrevivência, com auxílio dos programas EpiInfo v.3.5.1 e o Bioestat v.5.0. Todas as mães pretendiam amamentar seus filhos, por em média 11 meses, alegando como motivos principais a proteção do “leite materno” e “por amor”. Quase a totalidade (94,3%) das mães começou amamentar os bebês no primeiro mês, mas destas apenas 49,4% amamentavam exclusivamente. Ao final do sexto mês nenhuma mãe estava amamentando exclusivamente e 46% das crianças já tinham sido desmamadas. Os principais motivos alegados foram escassez ou falta de leite e o fato de os filhos não aceitarem mais o peito. As seguintes variáveis do estudo mostraram associação significante com aleitamento materno: idade da mãe (0,0033), situação conjugal (0,0004), orientações sobre amamentação pré (0,0118) e perinatal (0,0033), dificuldades...
The practice of mother’s suckling is essential for growing, development, health and nutrition of babies, being a simple and effective intervention to reduce child mortality and morbidity. It was objective to identify prevalence of mother’s suckling, factors that influence its successful and causes of premature wean, comparing it among cities with or without Family Health Care Strategy (ESF), and association of breastfeed with non nutritive suction habits. In this longitudinal and prospective study were interviewed 84 mothers during pregnancy period and 87 babies were accompanied until 6th month after birth. The study was divided on two parts. First, there were interviews with pregnancy women on Health Basic Unities (UBS) and domiciliate visits. After birth of babies, on the second part of study, domiciliate interviews were realized by month from first at sixth month of baby life. Statistics tests were realized to verify associations and built survival curves, with help of Epi Info version 3.5.1 and Bioestat version 5.0 programs. Every mothers intended breastfeed them suns during near 11 months, pointing like principal motives the protection of “mother’s milk” and “due love”. Near totality (94,3%) of mothers begun breastfeed the babies on first month, but just 49,4% of these women breastfed exclusively on breast. In the end of sixth month, any mother wasn’t breastfeeding exclusively and 46% of children had been weaned. Principal motives pointed were scarcity or absence of milk and that the sun didn’t want it anymore. The follow study variables showed significant association with mother’s suckling: mother’s age (0,0033), conjugal situation (0,0004), orientation about suckling pre (0,0118) and perinatal (0,0033), difficulties on suckling (<0,0001), use of alcohol (0,0044), familiar base (0,00036), habits (<0,0001), use of dummy (<0,0001) and feeding bottle... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Taylor, Anne D. "How people affected with laryngeal cancer source and use different types of information over time : a longitudinal qualitative study." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3701.

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Due to changes in UK and Scottish policy and NHS directives, there have been many changes and improvements in the way information is provided to patients affected by cancer and their families over the last decade. The information provided should be accurate, detailed and tailored to the individual’s needs across the whole of their cancer trajectory. People affected by laryngeal cancer could be classed as a “Cinderella” group as there is a lack of research with this group of patients and their families, in comparison to other types of cancer, even though the impact of treatment can have a profound and debilitating effect on the individual and their family’s quality of life. How this group of patients and their families use and source information to help them make sense of their experiences across their trajectory is unknown, therefore this study explored the role of information based on the experiences of people affected by laryngeal cancer across their cancer trajectory. The study adopted an interpretive prospective longitudinal approach, using two in-depth qualitative interviews with twenty patients and eighteen carers from across the main treatment pathways associated with this type of cancer. The data were analysed using Framework Analysis and influenced by Dingwall’s Illness Action Model. Four broad thematic headings were developed to explain the role of information: “Search for Normality”, “Illusion of Certainty”, “Reality of Uncertainty” and “Culture of Caring”. Relationships were identified between these headings at four key stages across the cancer trajectory. The ii broad theme “Search for Normality” overarched the whole of the cancer trajectory explaining how information was sourced and used to help this group understand their experience of symptoms. The main findings from the study show that two broad categories of information are used: information from health professionals and experiential information from one’s own and others’ experiential knowledge of health and illness. Both categories of information are sourced and used in different ways at different stages over the course of the trajectory and become inextricably linked over time. The study shows that information is not an entity that can be studied on its own but needs to be studied and explained in the ways it is situated, used and experienced within the context of the complex needs and experiences of this group of patients and their families. This study is the first longitudinal study to provide an explanation of the role of information with people affected by laryngeal cancer across their cancer trajectory. The findings show how the different types of information used from the various sources influence how people affected by laryngeal cancer perceive and understand their diagnosis, treatment and the outcome of treatment. The study findings suggest that health professionals need to situate information in the context of the individual’s understanding and prior knowledge of health and illness to ensure that it does not set unrealistic expectations, with a clear need for continuity and supportive care identified in the post-treatment and follow-up phases.

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Radcliffe, Laura Suzanne. "An in-depth, longitudinal, qualitative study exploring the decision- making processes of dual-earner couples in incidents of work-family conflict." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-indepth-longitudinal-qualitative-study-exploring-the-decision-making-processes-of-dualearner-couples-in-incidents-of-workfamily-conflict(f2c1a08c-0323-4462-bfa5-f707b49931f5).html.

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This study employs qualitative diaries and in-depth interviews with dual-earner couples in order to investigate how the demands of work and family responsibilities are negotiated on a daily basis. The methods used are novel in that in-depth interviews were conducted initially with both members of the couple present, and subsequently with each individual separately. Diaries were also completed by each individual privately, as a means of eliciting their experiences of decision-making in a real-time basis. It is argued that the use of such in-depth qualitative analysis enabled new and important findings to emerge, including distinguishing between different types of decision-making, uncovering important new decision-making cues, and gaining a greater insight into those cues previously acknowledged. The findings also demonstrate how these cues have an impact on decision-making in the context of both parties in the couple. In using both couples and individuals as levels of analysis it is possible to identify how this interdependence is manifested whilst also allowing for the discovery of important strategies used by the couples on a daily basis to resolve work-family conflicts. Balancing work and family is shown to be a continuous work in progress and the methodology used here allowed the daily dynamics of that work in progress to be revealed.

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Lloyd, Anna Elizabeth. "Exploring the changing multidimensional experiences of frail older people towards the end of life : a narrative study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15892.

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Background Palliative care services have widened beyond cancer in recent years, yet frail older adults rarely receive such services. There is a need to understand the dynamic multidimensional end-of-life experiences of this group in order to assess how or if a palliative approach could be beneficial. Physical end-of-life trajectories for frail older people have been described but there remains little person centred research that describes changing experiences across physical, social, psychological and existential dimensions. Aims and objectives To explore the changing multidimensional experiences of frail older people towards the end of life and to reflect on the utility of a qualitative longitudinal multi-perspective design for this population. Methods Thirteen cognitively intact, community dwelling older adults considered to be moderately or severely frail, using a clinical frailty scale, and thirteen nominated informal carers participated in up to three narrative interviews over eighteen months. Eight nominated professionals were also interviewed. The interviews were participant led, audio-recorded and fully transcribed. The ‘voice centred relational’ narrative method, incorporating analyses of multidimensional experience, was used to analyse the data. The data were then analysed longitudinally to compile case studies for each older person. Findings The narratives of these frail older people approaching the end of life illustrate patterns of multidimensional experience that differ from the end-of-life trajectories of other groups. All participants experienced physical decline however three possible patterns of psychological, social and existential experience emerged. These were stable, regressive and tragic according to the capacity to hold on to core values, and maintain a sense of self and of belonging in the world and are illustrated using visual trajectories. When the sense of self was threatened these frail older people lacked valued alternative identities and struggled with the absence of clear causative factors to explain their circumstances. The participants frequently described fears of burdening others, of moving to a nursing home or of developing dementia more than fears of dying. Losses and sustaining factors are described for physical, social, psychological and existential dimensions revealing the importance of social and community networks for supporting frail older people. There were constraints and benefits to using a qualitative longitudinal multi-perspective method, however the method enabled a deep, contextualised and rich understanding of the dynamic experiences of frail older people. Conclusion Frail older people may be supported towards the end of life by considering ways to promote the integration of the self. This may involve promoting valued alternative identities, protecting personhood through social and health care practices and by investigating ways to alleviate or make tolerable greatest fears. Community health and social care structures and social and community networks appear essential for addressing the end-of-life needs of frail older people. A qualitative, longitudinal, multi-perspective design was beneficial for investigating the experiences of frail older people.

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Sghari, Amira. "Capacité de changement et processus explicatifs du changement : cas de Basic Bank." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1063.

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L’analyse de la littérature traitant du changement organisationnel montre l’existence de plusieurs processus explicatifs du changement (processus planifié, processus politique, processus interprétatif, processus incrémentiel et processus complexe). Les résultats empiriques de recherches antérieures montrent l’existence de combinaisons différentes de ces processus pour comprendre et expliquer les changements observés selon les cas, objets de ces études. Motivés par la compréhension de ces résultats, nous mobilisons l’apport des travaux traitant de la capacité de changement des organisations. L’objectif de la présente recherche porte sur l’étude de l’influence de la capacité de changement d’une entreprise sur les processus explicatifs du changement. Pour cela, une étude qualitative par étude de cas longitudinale est menée au sein de Basic Bank, établissement bancaire leader sur le marché tunisien, afin de relever les composantes de la capacité de changement influentes pendant la conduite du projet (P24). A cet effet, nous avons découpé le processus de changement induit par le projet (P24) en trois phases : phase de lancement du changement, phase de sa mise en œuvre et phase de sa consolidation. Les résultats montrent que la capacité leadership, la communication, la reconnaissance du personnel, le recrutement et l’apprentissage organisationnel, composantes de la capacité de changement de Basic Bank, influencent les processus explicatifs du changement induit par (P24). Toutefois, l’étendue de cette influence diffère selon les phases de changement analysées
The analysis of the literature on organizational change shows the existence of several explanatory process of change (planned process, political process, interpretive process, incremental process and complex process). The empirical results of previous studies show the existence of different combinations of these processes to understand and explain the changes observed depending on case studies. Motivated by the understanding of these results, we mobilize the contribution of works dealing with the capability to change of organizations. The objective of this research is to study the influence of the capability to change of a company on explanatory process of change. To achieve this goal, a qualitative study by longitudinal case study is conducted in Basic Bank, the leader of the Tunisian market bank, to identify the influential components of capacity of change during the conduct of the project (P24). To this end, we split the process of change induced by the project (P24) in three phases: phase of launching change, phase of its implementation and its consolidation phase.The results show that the leadership capability, communication, staff recognition, and organizational learning, components of change capability of Basic Bank, influence the explanatory process of change induced by (P24). However, the extent of this influence varies according to the phases of change analyzed

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Mitchell, Fiona. "Changes in experiences and engagement of adolescent girls in Physical Education classes, during a school-based physical activity programme : a qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7815.

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There is a growing body of literature investigating age-related declines in physical activity (PA) participation among young people and especially girls, who have lower rates of PA than boys throughout the teenage years. Low PA is particularly apparent within the context of the school physical education classes – termed here as the Physical Education (PE) environment. My PhD thesis aims to explore the reasons for some girls disengagement in PE classes. Using a longitudinal qualitative approach the study tracks the experiences of a sample of ‘disengaged girls’ from four case study schools in Scotland taking part in a school-based physical activity programme, Fit for Girls (FfG). My research investigates the impact of the programme on their engagement through recording and analysis of the changes that take place in their attitudes and behaviour over the course of two years. The study involved the design of a questionnaire to identify a cohort of disengaged girls for baseline focus groups. Twelve focus groups (n=41 girls) were carried out during 2008/09 (three in each case study school) to capture girls’ opinions, perceptions and experiences of PE classes. Twenty disengaged girls were then selected across the four schools, based on their willingness to participate and self-disclose PE experiences. The girls were recruited for three phases of longitudinal in-depth interviews, over a one year period. The aim of these was to track changes in girls’ engagement and experiences in the PE environment. My theoretical framework is based on Welks (1999) Youth Physical Activity Promotion model (YPAP), a socioecological approach which divides the influential correlates of physical activity into 1) individual-level predisposing factors, 2) enabling factors, including personal attributes and environmental variables and 3) reinforcing (social) factors. The results indicate that individual predisposing factors, such as perceptions of competence and identity in the PE class along with the social context (peers and teachers) contribute to girls’ disengagement in PE. This suggests that aspects of the wider psychosocial environment in which PE takes place may be more important than the physical activity itself, impacting on levels of participation and enjoyment. There were subtle, as well as clear changes in engagement among many of the girls. However, for others no change was evident. Individual girls’ experiences across time or ‘journeys’ illustrate the importance of the relationships between the individual, social and PE environment in facilitating and sustaining positive change.

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Sikasote, Janet Precious Banda. "Effect of voluntary counselling and testing and a negative HIV result on risk behaviour : a qualitative longitudinal study in a Zambian mining community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4441.

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Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are scaling up access to Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services as a strategy for HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. The international and national push to achieve targets for anti-retroviral therapy scale up has emphasised VCT as an entry point to treatment, with follow-up mostly directed at those who test positive. Yet over 60% of those testing are HIV negative. Limited understanding of how HIV voluntary counselling and testing, and receipt of a negative result impact on sexual behaviour has resulted in underdeveloped support for those testing HIV negative. Aims: To gain the perspective of those who have tested HIV-negative on the following: (1) the decision making process that precedes attendance for voluntary counselling and testing; (2) how voluntary counselling and a negative test result influence sexual behavioural intentions and reported subsequent behaviour; and (3) support systems and networks that would enhance the respondent’s ability to remain HIV negative. Method: Qualitative longitudinal study utilising semi-structured interviews, six months apart, with people who have tested negative and three one-off focus group discussions with counsellors. Participants were purposively sampled from VCT centres in two mining towns in Zambia. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically with the aid of the qualitative data analysis software, Nvivo7. Cross-sectional analysis of all data sets was conducted and paired transcripts were analysed longitudinally to assess change over time. Results: Forty-two HIV-negative people were interviewed, with thirty-one returning for the follow-up interview (74% return rate). VCT was perceived as ‚testing for HIV‛. Before attending VCT most participants had gone through a protracted period of angst, resulting in a resolution to reduce number of partners, use condoms or abstain from sex. Counselling affirmed life choices, rather than initiating them. Although perception of the risk of HIV increased, misconceptions about HIV transmission persisted post-counselling. The negative test result provided impetus and resolve to implement or maintain life change. Themes identified were: (1) recognising personal susceptibility to HIV infection; (2) emotional and cognitive engagement with the problem of testing; (3) a driving need to know status (regardless of test result); and (4) empowerment and being in control providing the ability to plan for the future. Analysis of post-test support needs revealed two further themes: (1) reinforcement of behaviour change through additional knowledge, supportive networks, and life-skills training; and (2) access to recreational activities. There was no reported post-test increase in unsafe sexual behaviour among those that returned for the follow-up interview. Focus group findings reinforced those from interviews. Conclusions: This study has shown that in this population of people who tested HIV-negative: 1. the majority made life changes before attending VCT and used VCT to know their status 2. counselling consolidated pre-test decisions about risk behaviour and testing provided motivation to adopt safer behaviour and to maintain previous low- or no-risk behaviour and 3. there is a felt need for post-testing recreational activities, further HIV/AIDS education and participation in HIV prevention activities. Recommendations include: (1) the promotion of community-based interactive one-to-one and group information, education and communication (IEC) (to aid understanding and progression to the point where testing appears to be of optimum benefit) ; (2) referral to post-test support options such as support groups and inclusion on a text messaging list should be made available; and (3) post-test intervention strategies, for example, provision of result-specific IEC materials and active involvement in prevention activities should be developed and evaluated.

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Gray, Morag A. "The professional socialisation of Project 2000 student nurses : a longitudinal qualitative investigation into the effect(s) of supernumerary status and mentorship on student nurses." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364087.

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Joo, Hyun Jung. "Teacher Change in Argumentative Writing Instruction in a High-School ESL Classroom: A Longitudinal Study." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1546193831535107.

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Cauthen, Sandra Dalton. "Documenting Systemic Reform in Mathematics: A Case Study of One Middle School." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28628.

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An operational definition of Systemic Reform is used to document a case study of mathematics education reforms occurring in the mathematics classrooms of one middle school in one school division in one state. The middle school had two lead teachers who participated in the training component of a National Science Foundation-funded state-wide Systemic Reform Initiative. Systemic Reform conceptualized reform as combining bottom-up reform with top-down support. Therefore, the research methodology confronted the challenges of the breadth and complexity of Systemic Reform through the use of selective data in the form of artifacts, interviews, and observations from four populations: (1) classroom teachers, (2) building administrators, (3) district administrators, and (4) state-level staff. The study was conducted at four levels over a five-year period to provide the focus for longitudinal data collection to document: (1) the status of mathematics education during the 1995-96 primary data collection year, (2) the evolution of mathematics education reform over the course of the five year period, and (3) the manner in which Systemic Reform occurred. All levels of educators involved made an initial five-year commitment as active participants in the State's Systemic Reform Initiative, but only the Lead Teacher actually carried through with this commitment. After the first year division-level administrators shifted the focus of reform efforts to the elementary schools and discontinued support for the middle schools; after the second year both the division and state-level administrators withdrew all support. Although changes were made at the school level which supported reform in mathematics education (i.e., adoption of constructivist-type instructional materials, purchase of classroom sets of manipulatives and calculators, implementation of block scheduling, and the organization of teachers in interdisciplinary teams) the necessary changes in technology, curriculum and assessment were not in place to support the reform efforts. Through the perseverance of the Lead Teacher some changes in mathematics classrooms were documented, but the lack of consistent administrative leadership/support and emphasis on multiple reforms ended in the all to common bandwagon phenomena at the building, division and state levels so characteristic of change efforts in schools.
Ph. D.

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Makiya, George Kidakwa. "A Multi-Level Investigation into the Antecedents of Enterprise Architecture (EA) Assimilation in the U.S. Federal Government: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Research Study." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1338942189.

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Nyström, Sofia. "Becoming a professional : A longitudinal study of graduates' professional trajectories from higher education to working life." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för studier av vuxenutbildning, folkbildning och högre utbildning (VUFo), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16940.

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Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva akademikers bana mot att bli professionella då de kommer ut i arbetslivet med en magisterexamen i psykologi eller statsvetenskap. The study has a longitudinal design where Political Science and Psychology graduates’ have been interviewed on three consecutive occasions; the last semester before graduation, the first year and then, in the third year of professional work. The theoretical frame of reference comprises a situated and social learning theory and a gender perspective. These theories were chosen since they elaborate on concepts such as identity, practice, participation and learning. The results indicate that becoming a professional is not an isolated phenomenon merely learned and nurtured in higher education and/or in working life. It is emphasised as a dynamic learning process between a reflective individual, the interaction with a professional practice as well as a relationship between other spheres of life, e.g. the personal and the private. The graduates’ professional trajectories can be characterised by a movement from appropriating new knowledge to a need to change direction, e.g. new work tasks or professional fields. This is also a process of professional identity formation. The graduates’ professional identity is emphasised as being both closely related to a gender identity and influenced by the individuals’ belonging to and participation in other practices. The results thus indicate that professional identity formation is an interplay between different spheres of life that changes over time. By using a longitudinal design, it can be claimed that becoming a professional requires balancing one’s whole life situation.
Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva akademikers bana mot att bli professionella då de kommer ut i arbetslivet med en magisterexamen i psykologi eller statsvetenskap. Avhandlingen baserar sig på en longitudinell studie där statsvetare och psykologer har blivit intervjuade vid tre olika tillfällen; sista terminen innan examen samt efter första och tredje året i arbetslivet. Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av begrepp från situerat och social lärteori samt från ett genusperspektiv. Dessa teorier valdes då de fokuserar på begreppen identitet, praktik, deltagande och lärande.Resultaten visar att utvecklingen mot att bli professionell inte är ett isolerat fenomen förvärvat och underhållet i högre utbildning och/eller arbetslivet. Det uttrycks snarare som en dynamisk lärprocess mellan en reflekterande individ, interaktion med en professionell praktik samt med olika sfärer i livet, den professionella, den personliga och den privata. Akademikernas professionella bana kan karakteriseras som en rörelse mellan att utveckla ny kunskap och göra den till sin, till ett behov av förändring i form av nya arbetsuppgifter eller byte av professionellt fält. Att bli professionell innebär även en utveckling av en professionell identitet. Statsvetarnas och psykologernas professionella identitet skapas i relation till en genusidentitet och är influerad av individernas tillhörighet och medverkan i olika praktiker. Resultatet visar därför utveckling av professionell identitet som ett samspel mellan olika sfärer i livet som är föränderligt över tid. Utifrån den utförda longitudinella studien är det möjligt att hävda att utvecklingen mot att bli professionell är ett sätt att skapa ett samspel och balans i individens livssituation.

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Groschel, Uwe. "Audiences and participants : researching theatre users at Contact, Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/audiences-and-participants-researching-theatre-users-at-contact-manchester(ed0dbc91-5fc5-44ea-a7c8-627691ab8e1e).html.

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When people 'go to the theatre' we know that they are audiences. When young people go to Contact, however, they might be audiences, performers and/or theatre makers - they might play all three or more roles. Contact's users blur existing concepts and terminology. When we want to know more about theatre audiences, audience research offers models based on the distinction between audiences and theatre makers. If we want to know more about Contact's users, however, a model reflecting the blending of audiences and theatre makers' roles has yet to be developed. This thesis engages with Contact's users. It maps some of their multiple roles and experiences by asking two main questions: What are the practices of the people attending Contact and how can these practices be researched? A range of qualitative methods is necessary in order to investigate the wide variety of Contact's users' roles and experiences. Individual and group interviews are drawn from audience research, creative workshops are drawn from communication studies, and participant observation and visual research from the social sciences. Finally, a new method, Walking Fieldwork, is adapted for the use in theatre. A number of case studies are employed to investigate Contact's users. These case studies involve the observation of young actors during rehearsals and performances, the observation of participants in an outreach project, the investigation of audiences' experiences of two productions, and several short post-show interviews with general Contact audiences. This study found evidence that the relationship between theatre makers and audiences is changing. The term 'theatre user' is introduced as it opens up an area of overlap between the two and fits contemporary practices at Contact more closely. Contact's users function as communities, participants and co-creators. The descriptions of these roles and experiences contained in this thesis are understood as an initial exploration into practices of contemporary theatre users. However, further research is needed to build a more detailed understanding of these practices. In terms of research methods, this study found that the academic field of audience research needs to develop methods which are sensitive to both the backgrounds of theatre users and the theatrical context. The argument is put forward that audience research should become more aware of methods for the investigation of human experience and should enter into a 'methods-dialogue' with other academic fields of study.

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Wieslander, Inger. "Women’s recovery after a first myocardial infarction from an organisational, a relational and an individual perspective." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap inom hälsa och välfärd, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24425.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe women’s recovery after a first myocardial infarction (MI) from an organisational, a relational and an individual perspective. In this thesis a longitudinal, explorative and descriptive design combining both quantitative (papers I-II) and qualitative (papers III-IV) methods has been used. Data was collected from healthcare professionals at 18 acute hospitals (paper I), which on two occasions answered a questionnaire dealing with cardiac rehabilitation efforts. From these 18 hospitals, 240 women who had suffereda first MI (paper II) were consecutively chosen to answer a questionnaire on three occasions on the subject of social support and social network. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data over time. Paper III and IV had an exploratory and descriptive design based on an inductive, qualitative content analysis approach. Interviews were conducted with 20 cardiac rehabilitation nurses (CRN) (paper III) and with 26 women suffering a first MI (paper IV). The results showed that patients with MI, and their next of kin, were offered a well-functioning cardiac rehabilitation on both measurement occasions. None of the hospitals offered a CRP that was specifically designed for women (paper I). The women perceived that the extent of general support, support from relatives, and professional support changed positively over time (paper II). The CRNs experienced that women’s recovery was influenced by their ability to cope with the stresses of life, if they wanted to be involved in their own personal care and how they related to themselves, and their opportunities to receive support (paper III). Women experienced that ability to approach the new perspective of life depended on how they embraced the three dimensions; behaviour, i.e. women’s acting and engaging in various activities, social i.e. how women receive and give support in their social environment, and psychological i.e. their way of thinking, reflect and appreciate life (paper IV). In conclusion, the four studies show that women’s recovery after a first MI is depending on factors emerging from an organisational, a relational and an individual perspective. Using knowledge from these three perspectives the possibility of a holistic approach to women’s recovery process to health will increase and the risk of a reductionist thinking will decrease.

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Attah, Ramlatu. "Significant others : the influence of support relationships and the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) cash transfer programme on the wellbeing of vulnerable urban people in Ghana." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760890.

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This thesis has two main objectives. First, it investigates how social support relationships - embedded within kinship systems, friendship networks and associational groups - contribute to the wellbeing of cash transfer beneficiaries in two urban districts in Ghana. Second, it explores how a formal social protection programme affects the wellbeing of beneficiaries both directly and indirectly via its effect on these other support relationships. The thesis takes the Ghana Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) cash transfer programme as a case study, examining how it is implemented in practice within an urban setting, and how social support relationships influence its effect on the wellbeing of cash recipients. Throughout this thesis wellbeing is used as a discursive space for looking at the often neglected non-material dimensions of wellbeing. In particular, it takes a relational wellbeing approach which emphasises how material, emotional and cognitive dimensions of wellbeing are embedded in social relationships. It uses a Qualitative Longitudinal Research (QLR) approach, complemented by a qualitative social network analysis to map the constellation of relationships on which urban recipients of LEAP transfers rely, and to explore the motivations and rationalities underpinning them. The findings of the thesis add to existing research on social relationships and cash transfers in Africa by extending the analysis to a contemporary urban context. They challenge the assumption that urban residents can draw upon a vibrant support system, by finding that such relationships can be unreliable, provide inadequate support and can be associated with exclusion and marginalization. In addition, the thesis finds that norms underpinning support relationships are constantly being reshaped and challenged. The thesis also highlights the important but diverse effects that formal social protection programmes can have on material, emotional and cognitive wellbeing of recipients, both directly and indirectly via their effect on other significant social relationships of beneficiaries.

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Muramoto, Myra L., Amy Howerter, Eva Matthews, Lysbeth Ford-Floden, Judith Gordon, Mark Nichter, James Cunningham, and Cheryl Ritenbaugh. "Tobacco brief intervention training for chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage practitioners: protocol for the CAM reach study." BioMed Central Ltd, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610278.

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BACKGROUND: Tobacco use remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Effective tobacco cessation aids are widely available, yet underutilized. Tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) increase quit rates. However, BI training has focused on conventional medical providers, overlooking other health practitioners with regular contact with tobacco users. The 2007 National Health Interview Survey found that approximately 20% of those who use provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are tobacco users. Thus, CAM practitioners potentially represent a large, untapped community resource for promoting tobacco cessation and use of effective cessation aids. Existing BI training is not well suited for CAM practitioners' background and practice patterns, because it assumes a conventional biomedical foundation of knowledge and philosophical approaches to health, healing and the patient-practitioner relationship. There is a pressing need to develop and test the effectiveness of BI training that is both grounded in Public Health Service (PHS) Guidelines for tobacco dependence treatment and that is relevant and appropriate for CAM practitioners. METHODS/DESIGN: The CAM Reach (CAMR) intervention is a tobacco cessation BI training and office system intervention tailored specifically for chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists. The CAMR study utilizes a single group one-way crossover design to examine the CAMR intervention's impact on CAM practitioners' tobacco-related practice behaviors. Primary outcomes included CAM practitioners' self-reported conduct of tobacco use screening and BIs. Secondary outcomes include tobacco using patients' readiness to quit, quit attempts, use of guideline-based treatments, and quit rates and also non-tobacco-using patients' actions to help someone else quit. DISCUSSION: CAM practitioners provide care to significant numbers of tobacco users. Their practice patterns and philosophical approaches to health and healing are well suited for providing BIs. The CAMR study is examining the impact of the CAMR intervention on practitioners' tobacco-related practice behaviors, CAM patient behaviors, and documenting factors important to the conduct of practice-based research in real-world CAM practices.

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Lundqvist, Anette. "Nutritional aspects of behaviour and biology during pregnancy and postpartum." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-117427.

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Background A well-balanced nutritious diet is important for the pregnant woman and the growing fetus, as well as for their future health. Poor nutrition results from both over-consumption of energy-rich foods which can lead to a higher weight gain than is healthy and under-nutrition of essential nutrients. Food intake is regulated in complex biological systems by many factors, where steroid hormone is one factor involved. The overall aim of this thesis is to describe dietary intake, vitamin D levels, dietary information and dietary changes, and to study the relation between allopregnanolone and weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods Study I was a qualitative study with focus group interviews with 23 pregnant women. The text was analysed with content analysis. Study II was a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted in early pregnancy (n=209) with a reference group (n=206). Self-reported dietary data from a questionnaire was analysed using descriptive comparative statistics and a cluster analysis model (Partial Least Squares modelling). Study III had a quantitative longitudinal design. Vitamin D concentrations were analysed in 184 women, collected on five occasions during pregnancy and postpartum. Descriptive comparative statistics and a linear mixed model were used. Study IV was a quantitative longitudinal study with 60 women. Concentrations of allopregnanolone were analysed in gestational week 12 and 35. Descriptive and comparative statistics as well as Spearman’s correlation (rho) were used to describe the relationship between weight gain and allopregnanolone concentrations. Results The focus group interviews showed that women wanted to know more about different foods to reduce any risk for their child but the information about foods was partly up to themselves to find out. They expressedfeelingsof insecurityand guiltif they accidentallyate something“forbidden”. The recommendationswere followedas best as possiblealong withcommon sense todeal with dietchanges. The main themes were “Finding out by oneself”, “Getting professional advice when health problems occur”, “Being uncertain” and “Being responsible with a pinch of salt”. Some differences in the dietary patterns were found among the pregnant women compared to references, with less, vegetables (47 g/day), potatoes/rice/pasta (31 g/day), meat/fish (24 g/day) and intake of alcohol and tobacco/snuff but a higher intake of supplements. Bothpregnant women and referenceshad intakes offolatethrough diet45% (pregnant) and 22% (references) lower than current recommendations(500vs400g/day). Vitamin Dintake was34% lower than the recommendationsof 10mg/day. At least a third of the participants had insufficient plasma levels below 50 nmol/L of vitamin D. Season was a strong factor influencing the longitudinal pattern. Gestational week, season, total energy intake, dietary intake of vitamin D, and multivitamin supplementation over the previous 14 days were factors related to vitamin D levels. A correlation betweenallopregnanoloneconcentrations ingestationalweek 35and weight gainin weeks12–35was seen (p = 0.016). Therewas alsoa correlation betweenthe increase inallopregnanolone(weeks12–35) andweight gain(see above) (p = 0.028). Conclusions Dietary recommendations were described as contradictory and confusing and the dietary advice felt inadequate. The women faced their diet changes and sought information on their own but would have wished for more extensive advice from the midwife. The intake of vitamins essential for pregnancy was lower than recommended, which is also confirmed by low plasma levels of vitamin D in at least one third of the pregnant women. Vitamin D levels peaked in late pregnancy. Aside from gestational week and season which were related to plasma levels, intake from foods and supplements also affected the levels. Reasons for weight gain are complex and depend on many factors. Allopregnanolone is a factor that was seen to relate to the weight gain of the studied pregnant women.
Bakgrund En välbalanserad näringsrik kost är viktig för den gravida kvinnan och det växande fostret, så även för deras framtida hälsa. En bristfällig kost kan utgöras av både överförbrukning av energirika livsmedel vilket kan leda till högre viktuppgång än vad som är hälsosamt och bristande intag av viktiga näringsämnen. Kostintag regleras av komplexa biologiska system där flera faktorer är inblandade däribland steroidhormonet allopregnanolon. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att under och efter graviditet beskriva kostintag, vitamin D-nivåer, kostinformation och kostförändringar och att studera allopregnanolons relation till viktökning. Metod Studie I var en kvalitativ studie med fokusgruppsintervjuer med 23 gravida kvinnor. Texten analyserades med innehållsanalys. Studie II var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie som genomfördes i tidig graviditet (n = 209) och med en grupp icke-gravida kvinnor (kontrollgrupp) (n=206). Självrapporterade kostdata från ett frågeformulär analyserades med beskrivande, jämförande statistik och en klusteranalysmodell (Partial Least Squares modellering). Studie III hade en kvantitativ longitudinell design. Vitamin D-koncentrationer analyserades hos 184 kvinnor, vid fem tillfällen under graviditeten och efter förlossningen. Beskrivande, jämförande statistik och en linjär mixad regressionsmodell användes. Studie IV var en kvantitativ longitudinell studie med 60 kvinnor. Koncentrationerna av allopregnanolon analyserades vid graviditetsvecka 12 och 35. Beskrivande och jämförande statistik samt Spearman’s korrelation användes för att beskriva samband mellan viktökning och koncentrationer av allopregnanolon. Resultat Intervjuerna i studie I visade att kvinnor ville veta mer om olika typer av mat för att minska en eventuell risk för sina barn men kostinformation var delvis upp till dem själva att ta reda på. De VIII uttryckte känslor av osäkerhet och skuld om de råkat äta något ”förbjudet”. Rekommendationerna följdes så väl som möjligt, tillsammans med sunt förnuft för att hantera kostförändringar. Huvudteman var ”Söka information på egen hand”, ”Få professionell rådgivning när problem uppstår”, ”Känna sig osäker” och ”Ta ansvar med en nypa salt”. I studie II kunde man se vissa skillnader i kostmönster bland de gravida kvinnorna jämfört med kontrollgruppen: mindre intag av grönsaker (47 g/dag), potatis/ris/pasta (31 g/dag), kött/fisk (24 g/dag) och alkohol och tobak/snus och ett högre intag av kosttillskott. Både gravida kvinnor och kontrollgruppen hade lägre intag av folsyra via kosten med 45 % (gravida) och 22 % (kontrollgruppen) än de gällande rekommendationer som är (500 resp 400 g/dag). I studie III såg man att inta et av vitamin D var 34 % lägre än rekommendationen på 10 µg/dag. Minst en tredjedel av deltagarna hade otillräckliga plasma nivåer av vitamin D, under 50 nmol/L. Årstid var en stark faktor som påverkar det longitudinella mönstret. Graviditetsvecka, säsong, totala energiintaget, intaget av vitamin D och multivitamintillskott under de senaste 14 dagarna var faktorer som relaterade till Dvitaminnivåer. I studie IV sågs ett samband mellan allopregnanolon-koncentrationer vid graviditetsvecka 35 och viktökning från vecka 12 till 35 (p = 0,016). Det sågs också ett samband mellan ökningen av allopregnanolon (vecka 12–35) och viktökningen (se ovan) (p = 0,028). Slutsatser Kostrekommendationer beskrevs som motsägelsefulla och förvirrande och kostråden de fick uppfattades som otillräckliga. Kvinnorna tog itu med sina kostförändringar och sökte information på egen hand men hade önskat mer omfattande råd från barnmorskan. Intaget av vitaminer viktiga för graviditeten var lägre än rekommendationerna, vilket också bekräftas av låga plasmanivåer av D-vitamin hos cirka en tredjedel av de gravida kvinnorna. D-vitaminnivåerna nådde en topp i slutet av graviditeten. Graviditetsvecka och säsong på året påverkade D vitaminnivåer, så även intag via mat och kosttillskott. Orsakertill viktökning är komplexa och beror på många faktorer. Allopregnanolon är en faktor som sågs relatera till viktökningen hos de undersökta gravida kvinnorna.

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Hallgren, Jenny. "Should I stay or should I go – Factors associated with hospitalization risk among older persons in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Institutet för gerontologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29966.

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An increasingly older population will most likely lead to greater demands on the health care system, as older age is associated with an increased risk of having acute and chronic conditions. The number of diseases or disabilities is not the only marker of the amount of health care utilized, as persons may seek hospitalization without a disease and/or illness that requires hospital healthcare. Hospitalization may pose a severe risk to older persons, as exposure to the hospital environment may lead to increased risks of iatrogenic disorders, confusion, falls and nosocomial infections, i.e., disorders that may involve unnecessary suffering and lead to serious consequences. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and explore individual trajectories of cognitive development in relation to hospitalization and risk factors for hospitalization among older persons living in different accommodations in Sweden and to explore older persons' reasons for being transferred to a hospital. Methods: The study designs were longitudinal, prospective and descriptive, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Specifically, latent growth curve modelling was used to assess the association of cognitive development with hospitalization. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyse factors associated with hospitalization risk overtime. In addition, an explorative descriptive design was used to explore how home health care patients experienced and perceived their decision to seek hospital care. Results: The most common reasons for hospitalization were cardiovascular diseases, which caused more than one-quarter of first hospitalizations among the persons living in ordinary housing and nursing home residents (NHRs). The persons who had been hospitalized had a lower mean level of cognitive performance in general cognition, verbal, spatial/fluid, memory and processing speed abilities compared to those who had not been hospitalized. Significantly steeper declines in general cognition, spatial/fluid and processing speed abilities were observed among the persons who had been hospitalized. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the number of diseases, number of drugs used, having experienced a fall and being assessed as malnourished according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale were related to an increased hospitalization risk among the NHRs. Among the older persons living in ordinary housing, the risk factors for hospitalization were related to marital status, i.e., unmarried persons and widows/widowers had a decreased hospitalization risk. In addition, among social factors, receipt of support from relatives was related to an increased hospitalization risk, while receipt of support from friends was related to a decreased risk. The number of illnesses was not associated with the hospitalization risk for older persons in any age group or for those of either sex, when controlling for other variables. The older persons who received home health care described different reasons for their decisions to seek hospital care. The underlying theme of the home health care patients’ perceptions of their transfer to a hospital involved trust in hospitals. This trust was shared by the home health care patients, their relatives and the home health care staff, according to the patients. Conclusions: This thesis revealed that middle-aged and older persons who had been hospitalized exhibited a steeper decline in cognition. Specifically, spatial/fluid, processing speed, and general cognitive abilities were affected. The steeper decline in cognition among those who had been hospitalized remained even after controlling for comorbidities. The most common causes of hospitalization among the older persons living in ordinary housing and in nursing homes were cardiovascular diseases, tumours and falls. Not only health-related factors, such as the number of diseases, number of drugs used, and being assessed as malnourished, but also social factors and marital status were related to the hospitalization risk among the older persons living in ordinary housing and in nursing homes. Some risk factors associated with hospitalization differed not only between the men and women but also among the different age groups. The information provided in this thesis could be applied in care settings by professionals who interact with older persons before they decide to seek hospital care. To meet the needs of an older population, health care systems need to offer the proper health care at the most appropriate level, and they need to increase integration and coordination among health care delivered by different care services.

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Rich, Stephanie Frances. "Is welfare working? : a qualitative longitudinal multi-case study on the experiences of young unemployed people engaging with Active Labour Market Policies, in the North-East of England." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12805/.

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This thesis explores the lived experiences of 28 young people in seven locations in the North-East of England who were unemployed and engaging with aspects of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) between 2012 and 2014. The research set out to give young people who were directly affected by these Active Labour Market Policies, particularly in the context of shifting levels of support for young unemployed people and increasing conditionality and sanctions associated to benefits, a voice about how this was impacting on them. The research adopted a qualitative longitudinal multi-case study approach. The findings document the young people’s barriers to employment and their related perspectives and experiences of the JobCentre Plus in particular as an interface of the government’s ALMPs. It was found that corrective methods to unemployment kept churning these young people between being off benefits, albeit short-term, and back on again as new claimants. It was not a simple case of young people choosing not to work; there was an inter-play between structure and agency. The structure of place and institutions that interacted with these young people shaped the choices the young people chose or were able to make. Here the research argues that the structure of agency needs to be addressed in order to tackle youth unemployment.

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Mitchell, Kara. "Systemic Inequities in the Policy and Practice of Educating Secondary Bilingual Learners and their Teachers: a Critical Race Theory Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1408.

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Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-Smith
In 2002, voters in Massachusetts passed a referendum, commonly referred to as "Question 2," requiring that, "All children in Massachusetts public schools shall be taught English by being taught in English and all children shall be placed in English language classrooms" (M.G.L.c.71A§4). This dissertation investigates the system of education for secondary bilingual learners and their teachers resulting from the passage of Question 2 by examining assumptions and ideologies about race, culture, and language across policy and practice. Drawing on critical race theory (CRT) and the construct of majoritarian stories, two distinct and complimentary analyses were conducted: a critical policy analysis of state level laws, regulations, and policy tools, and a critically conscious longitudinal case study of one teacher candidate who was prepared to work with bilingual learners and then taught bilingual learners during her first three years of teaching. The critical policy analysis, conducted as a frame analysis, exposes that legally sanctioned racism and linguicism are institutionalized and codified through Massachusetts state policy. Additionally, Massachusetts state policy consistently and strongly promotes four common majoritarian stories regarding the education of secondary bilingual learners and their teachers: there is no story about race, difference is deficit, meritocracy is appropriate, and English is all that matters. The longitudinal case study demonstrates the power of these majoritarian stories in classroom practice and how they limit the opportunities of bilingual learners and their teachers while also perpetuating institutionalized racism and linguicism. Taken together, the two analyses that make up this dissertation reveal a problematic system deeply affected by majoritarian stories that obscure the role white privilege and white normativity play in perpetuating issues of inequity for secondary bilingual learners and teachers. This dissertation argues that in order to disrupt institutionalized racism and linguicism, these stories must be consistently, proactively, and powerfully challenged across all levels of policy and practice
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction

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Seed, Ann. "Becoming a registered nurse - the student's perspective : a longitudinal qualitative analysis of the emergent views of a cohort of student nurses during their three year training for general registration." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293884.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Longitudinal qualitative'

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