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Journal articles on the topic 'Longitudinal birth cohort study'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sadovnick, A. Dessa, Irene ML Yee, and George C. Ebers. "Multiple sclerosis and birth order: a longitudinal cohort study." Lancet Neurology 4, no. 10 (October 2005): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70170-8.

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Eskenazi, Brenda, Asa Bradman, Eleanor A. Gladstone, Selene Jaramillo, Kelly Birch, and Nina Holland. "CHAMACOS, A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study: Lessons from the Fields." Journal of Children's Health 1, no. 1 (January 2003): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/713610244.

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3

Golding, Jean, Richard Jones, Alan Preece, Marie-Noël Bruné, and Jenny Pronczuk. "Choice of environmental components for a longitudinal birth cohort study." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 23 (July 2009): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01014.x.

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Golding, Jean. "Preparation, piloting and validation for a longitudinal birth cohort study." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 23 (July 2009): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01017.x.

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Alm, Susanne, and Felipe Estrada. "Future Prospects, Deprivation, and Criminality – A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study." Deviant Behavior 39, no. 10 (March 9, 2018): 1280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1410609.

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Boyd, Melinda, Steve Kisely, Jake Najman, and Ryan Mills. "Child maltreatment and attentional problems: A longitudinal birth cohort study." Child Abuse & Neglect 98 (December 2019): 104170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104170.

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7

Waynforth, David. "Grandparental investment and reproductive decisions in the longitudinal 1970 British cohort study." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1731 (September 14, 2011): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1424.

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There has been a recent increase in interest among evolutionary researchers in the hypothesis that humans evolved as cooperative breeders, using extended family support to help decrease offspring mortality and increase the number of children that can be successfully reared. In this study, data drawn from the 1970 longitudinal British cohort study were analysed to determine whether extended family support encourages fertility in contemporary Britain. The results showed that at age 30, reported frequency that participants saw their own parents (but not in-laws) and the closeness of the bond between the participant and their own parents were associated with an increased likelihood of having a child between ages 30 and 34. Financial help and reported grandparental childcare were not significantly positively associated with births from age 30 to 34. Men's income was positively associated with likelihood of birth, whereas women's income increased likelihood of birth only for working women with at least one child. While it was predicted that grandparental financial and childcare help would increase the likelihood of reproduction by lowering the cost to the parent of having a child, it appears that the mere physical presence of supportive parents rather than their financial or childcare help encouraged reproduction in the 1970 British birth cohort sample.

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Harris, Melissa L., Alexis J. Hure, Elizabeth Holliday, Catherine Chojenta, Amy E. Anderson, and Deborah Loxton. "Association between preconception maternal stress and offspring birth weight: findings from an Australian longitudinal data linkage study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e041502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041502.

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ObjectiveExamine the relationship between preconception stress and offspring birth weight.SettingPopulation-based cohort study linked with state-based administrative perinatal data.Participants6100 births from 3622 women from the 1973–1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health who (1) recorded a singleton birth between January 1997 and December 2011; (2) returned at least one follow-up survey within 3 years of conception; and (3) had complete data on perceived stress prior to conception.Primary outcome measuresLinear generalised estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between preconception stress and a continuous measure of birth weight, exploring differences based on birth order and stress chronicity. The minimal sufficient adjustment set of covariates was determined by a directed acyclic graph.ResultsFor all births, there was no relationship between moderate/high acute or chronic stress and offspring birth weight in grams. Among first births only, there was a trend towards a relationship between moderate/high chronic stress and offspring birth weight. Offspring sex was associated with birth weight in all models, with female babies born lighter than male babies on average, after adjusting for covariates (p<0.0001).ConclusionsEffects of preconception stress on birth weight was largely driven by time to conception. With the timing of stress critical to its impact on obstetrical outcomes, preconception care should involve not only reproductive life planning but the space to provide interventions at critical periods so that optimal outcomes are achieved.

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Rantakallio, Paula. "The longitudinal study of the Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00180.x.

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10

Wickman, Magnus, Inger Kull, Göran Pershagen, and S. Lennart Nordvall. "The BAMSE Project: presentation of a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 13 (December 2002): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.13.s.15.10.x.

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11

Golding, Jean, and Colin Steer. "How many subjects are needed in a longitudinal birth cohort study?" Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 23 (July 2009): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00997.x.

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12

Richards, Marcus, David Strachan, Rebecca Hardy, Diana Kuh, and Michael Wadsworth. "Lung Function and Cognitive Ability in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study." Psychosomatic Medicine 67, no. 4 (July 2005): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000170337.51848.68.

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13

Byford, M., R. A. Abbott, B. Maughan, M. Richards, and D. Kuh. "Adolescent mental health and subsequent parenting: a longitudinal birth cohort study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 68, no. 5 (December 19, 2013): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202997.

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14

Richards, M., J. H. Barnett, M. K. Xu, T. J. Croudace, D. Gaysina, D. Kuh, and P. B. Jones. "Lifetime affect and midlife cognitive function: prospective birth cohort study." British Journal of Psychiatry 204, no. 3 (March 2014): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128942.

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BackgroundRecurrent affective problems are predictive of cognitive impairment, but the timing and directionality, and the nature of the cognitive impairment, are unclear.AimsTo test prospective associations between life-course affective symptoms and cognitive function in late middle age.MethodA total of 1668 men and women were drawn from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). Longitudinal affective symptoms spanning age 13–53 years served as predictors; outcomes consisted of self-reported memory problems at 60–64 years and decline in memory and information processing from age 53 to 60–64 years.ResultsRegression analyses revealed no clear pattern of association between longitudinal affective symptoms and decline in cognitive test scores, after adjusting for gender, childhood cognitive ability, education and midlife socioeconomic status. In contrast, affective symptoms were strongly, diffusely and independently associated with self-reported memory problems.ConclusionsAffective symptoms are more clearly associated with self-reported memory problems in late midlife than with objectively measured cognitive performance.

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Richards, M. "Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: longitudinal population based study." BMJ 322, no. 7280 (January 27, 2001): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7280.199.

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Ramos, Amanda M., Tong Chen, Peter K. Hatemi, H. Harrington Cleveland, and Jenae M. Neiderhiser. "The Pennsylvania Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (PALSPAC) Twin Registry." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 6 (October 31, 2019): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.98.

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AbstractThe Pennsylvania Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Twin Registry was developed to capture a representative sample of multiple births and their parents in the state of Pennsylvania. The registry has two main efforts. The first began in 2012 through recruitment of adolescents in Pennsylvania schools. The second effort began in January 2019 in partnership with the Pennsylvania Department of Health to capture the birth cohort of twins born from 2007 to 2017. Study recruitment, sample demographics, focus and measures are provided, as well as future directions.

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Chang, Eugene H., Debra A. Stern, Amanda L. Willis, Stefano Guerra, Anne L. Wright, and Fernando D. Martinez. "Early life risk factors for chronic sinusitis: A longitudinal birth cohort study." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 141, no. 4 (April 2018): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.052.

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Chang, Eugene H., Debra A. Stern, Amanda L. Willis, Stefano Guerra, Anne L. Wright, and Fernando D. Martinez. "Early Life Risk Factors for Chronic Sinusitis: a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 141, no. 2 (February 2018): AB91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.293.

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Budree, Shrish, Elizabeth Goddard, Kirsty Brittain, Shihaam Cader, Landon Myer, and Heather J. Zar. "Infant feeding practices in a South African birth cohort-A longitudinal study." Maternal & Child Nutrition 13, no. 3 (October 2, 2016): e12371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12371.

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Starr, J. M., A. Kilgour, A. Pattie, A. Gow, T. C. Bates, and I. J. Deary. "Height and intelligence in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921: a longitudinal study." Age and Ageing 39, no. 2 (January 11, 2010): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp258.

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Basso, Olga, and J⊘rn Olsen. "Subfecundity and neonatal mortality: longitudinal study within the Danish national birth cohort." BMJ 330, no. 7488 (February 4, 2005): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38336.616806.8f.

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Dodge, Hiroko H., Jian Zhu, Tiffany F. Hughes, Beth E. Snitz, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Erin P. Jacobsen, and Mary Ganguli. "Cohort effects in verbal memory function and practice effects: a population-based study." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001551.

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ABSTRACTBackground:In many developed countries, cognitive functioning (as measured by neuropsychological tests) appears to be improving over time in the population at large, in parallel with the declining age-specific incidence of dementia. Here, we investigated cohort effects in the age-associated trajectories of verbal memory function in older adults. We sought to determine whether they varied by decade of birth and, if so, whether the change would be explained by increasing educational attainment.Methods:Pooling data from two prospective US population-based studies between 1987 and 2015, we identified four birth cohorts born 1902–1911, 1912–1921, 1922–1931, and 1932–1943. Among these cohorts, we compared age-associated trajectories both of performance and of practice effects on immediate and delayed recall of a 10-item Word List. We used mixed effects models, first including birth cohorts and cohort X age interaction terms, and then controlling for education and education X age interaction.Results:We observed significant cohort effects in performance (baseline and age-associated trajectories) in both immediate recall and delayed recall, with function improving between the earliest- and latest-born cohorts. For both tests, we also observed cohort effects on practice effects with the highest levels in the latest-born cohorts. Including education in the models did not attenuate these effects.Conclusions:In this longitudinal population study, across four decade-long birth cohorts, there were significant improvements in test performance and practice effects in verbal memory tests, not explained by education. Whether this reflects declining disease incidence or other secular trends awaits further investigation.

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Moltchanova, E., and J. G. Eriksson. "Longitudinal changes in maternal and neonatal anthropometrics: a case study of the Helsinki Birth Cohort, 1934–1944." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 4 (February 25, 2015): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415000148.

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Changes in anthropometrics often reflect changes in living conditions, and one’s characteristics at birth may be associated with future health. The aim of this study was to investigate the secular trends in maternal and neonatal anthropometrics in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. The study participants, thus, comprised all 13,345 live births recorded in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. Adult characteristics of the clinical subsample comprised of 2003 individuals, alive during 2003, were also analyzed. Linear Regression analysis with seasonal terms was applied to see whether clinically and statistically significant trends can be found in maternal age, height and body mass index (BMI) at pregnancy; gestational age, birth weight, ponderal index and sex ratio; and adult height, BMI and fat percentage. Statistically significant trends were found in maternal age and maternal BMI with abrupt changes between 1941 and 1944. Gestational age increased by an average of 0.11% per year (P<0.0001), and the proportion of premature births dropped from 7.9% in 1934 to 4.5% in 1944 (P<0.0001). In the clinical sample, a statistically significant, although small, average annual increase of 0.1% in adult heights was detected (P=0.0012 for men and P=0.0035 for women). In conclusion, although no significant changes were found in either neonatal or adult anthropometrics of babies born in Helsinki between 1934 and 1944, there were abrupt changes in the characteristics of their mothers.

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Schaumberg, Katherine, Andreas Jangmo, Laura M. Thornton, Andreas Birgegård, Catarina Almqvist, Claes Norring, Henrik Larsson, and Cynthia M. Bulik. "Patterns of diagnostic transition in eating disorders: a longitudinal population study in Sweden." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001472.

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AbstractBackgroundTransition across eating disorder diagnoses is common, reflecting instability of specific eating disorder presentations. Previous studies have examined temporal stability of diagnoses in adult treatment-seeking samples but have not uniformly captured initial presentation for treatment. The current study examines transitions across eating disorder diagnostic categories in a large, treatment-seeking sample of individuals born in Sweden and compares these transitions across two birth cohorts and from initial diagnosis.MethodsData from Swedish eating disorders quality registers were extracted in 2013, including 9622 individuals who were seen at least twice from 1999 to 2013. Patterns of remission were examined in the entire sample and subsequently compared across initial diagnoses. An older (born prior to 1990) and younger birth cohort were also identified, and analyses compared these cohorts on patterns of diagnostic transition.ResultsAlthough diagnostic instability was common, transition between threshold eating disorder diagnoses was infrequent. For all diagnoses, transition to remission was likely to occur following a diagnosis state that matched initial diagnosis, or through a subthreshold diagnostic state. Individuals in the younger cohort were more likely to transition to a state of remission than those in the older cohort.ConclusionsResults indicate more temporal continuity in eating disorder presentations than suggested by previous research and highlight the importance of early detection and intervention in achieving remission.

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Twenge, Jean M., Nathan T. Carter, and W. Keith Campbell. "Age, time period, and birth cohort differences in self-esteem: Reexamining a cohort-sequential longitudinal study." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 112, no. 5 (May 2017): e9-e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000122.

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Tessema, Gizachew A., M. Luke Marinovich, Siri E. Håberg, Mika Gissler, Jonathan A. Mayo, Natasha Nassar, Stephen Ball, et al. "Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: An international cohort study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): e0255000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255000.

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Background Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women can address this issue. Methods We conducted an international longitudinal cohort study of 5,521,211 births to 3,849,193 women from Australia (1980–2016), Finland (1987–2017), Norway (1980–2016) and the United States (California) (1991–2012). IPI was calculated based on the time difference between two dates—the date of birth of the first pregnancy and the date of conception of the next (index) pregnancy. We estimated associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) using logistic regression (between-women analyses). We also used conditional logistic regression comparing IPIs and birth outcomes in the same women (within-women analyses). Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results Compared to an IPI of 18–23 months, there was insufficient evidence for an association between IPI <6 months and overall PTB (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.18) and SGA (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81–1.19), but increased odds of spontaneous PTB (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.57) in the within-women analysis. We observed elevated odds of all birth outcomes associated with IPI ≥60 months. In comparison, between-women analyses showed elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes for <12 month and >24 month IPIs. Conclusions We found consistently elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes following long IPIs. IPI shorter than 6 months were associated with elevated risk of spontaneous PTB, but there was insufficient evidence for increased risk of other adverse birth outcomes. Current recommendations of waiting at least 24 months to conceive after a previous pregnancy, may be unnecessarily long in high-income countries.

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Ferguson, E. C., N. P. Wright, A. T. Gibson, S. Carney, A. Wright, and J. K. Wales. "Adult height of preterm infants: a longitudinal cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 102, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-310469.

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BackgroundMany infants born prematurely experience growth failure following delivery, with subsequent catch-up growth. Traditionally catch-up was thought to be complete in the first few years of life. Most studies have focused on groups of infants defined by birth weight, for example <1500 g, resulting in disproportionate numbers of small for gestational age infants. This study aimed to determine whether appropriate weight for gestation (AGA) preterm born children reach their expected adult height when compared with term controls.MethodologyThis UK based prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited 204 preterm children born at a tertiary neonatal unit during 1994 and 50 matched controls. Growth parameters have been assessed annually until the completion of growth.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the final height SD score (SDS) of children born at term (n=30) and those born prematurely and AGA (n=70) (0.45 term vs 0.22 preterm). Catch-up growth however, continued throughout the whole of childhood. When the difference between final height SDS and mid-parental height SDS were compared, there were again no significant differences (0.13 term vs 0.03 preterm).ConclusionsThose born prematurely with an AGA achieve a comparable adult height to children born at term, however, catch-up growth continues for much longer than traditionally thought.

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Casey, Rachel A., Jane K. Murray, Severine Tasker, and Toby K. Knowles. "Longitudinal birth cohort study investigating risk factors for behaviour and disease in dogs." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 10, no. 5 (September 2015): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2015.07.022.

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Richards, Marcus, and Felicia A. Huppert. "Do positive children become positive adults? Evidence from a longitudinal birth cohort study." Journal of Positive Psychology 6, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.536655.

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Moraes, T. J., D. L. Lefebvre, R. Chooniedass, A. B. Becker, J. R. Brook, J. Denburg, K. T. HayGlass, et al. "The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Birth Cohort Study: Biological Samples and Biobanking." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 29, no. 1 (November 18, 2014): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12161.

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Hildingsson, Ingegerd. "Women's birth expectations, are they fulfilled? Findings from a longitudinal Swedish cohort study." Women and Birth 28, no. 2 (June 2015): e7-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.01.011.

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Sigurdardottir, Valgerdur Lisa, Jennifer Gamble, Berglind Gudmundsdottir, Hildur Kristjansdottir, Herdis Sveinsdottir, and Helga Gottfredsdottir. "The predictive role of support in the birth experience: A longitudinal cohort study." Women and Birth 30, no. 6 (December 2017): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.04.003.

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Osika, W., and S. M. Montgomery. "Physical control and coordination in childhood and adult obesity: longitudinal birth cohort study." BMJ 337, aug12 3 (August 12, 2008): a699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a699.

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Herva, A., J. Laitinen, J. Miettunen, J. Veijola, J. T. Karvonen, K. Läksy, and M. Joukamaa. "Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study." International Journal of Obesity 30, no. 3 (November 15, 2005): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803174.

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Jamieson, L. M., J. M. Armfield, K. F. Roberts-Thomson, and S. M. Sayers. "A Retrospective Longitudinal Study of Caries Development in an Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort." Caries Research 44, no. 4 (2010): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000316665.

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Visness, C. M., K. F. Jaffee, A. Calatroni, R. A. Wood, P. J. Gergen, and J. E. Gern. "Novel Analysis Methods for Longitudinal Cytokine Response Data in a Birth Cohort Study." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 129, no. 2 (February 2012): AB199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.307.

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Leach, Chelsea, Anna Stewart, and Stephen Smallbone. "Testing the sexually abused-sexual abuser hypothesis: A prospective longitudinal birth cohort study." Child Abuse & Neglect 51 (January 2016): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.024.

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Hildingsson, Ingegerd. "Swedish couples’ attitudes towards birth, childbirth fear and birth preferences and relation to mode of birth – A longitudinal cohort study." Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 5, no. 2 (June 2014): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2014.02.002.

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Finkel, Deborah, and Marie Ernsth Bravell. "Cohort by Education Interactions in Longitudinal Changes in Functional Abilities." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 3-4 (November 23, 2018): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318814108.

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Objective: Investigations of cohort differences in relationships between education and health tend to focus on mortality or self-reported health. We report one of the first analyses of cohort differences in relationships between education and objective measures of functional abilities across the lifespan. Method: Up to 26 years of follow-up data were available from 859 adults from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The sample was divided into two cohorts by birth year: 1900-1924 and 1925-1948. Latent growth curve models (LGCM) were compared across cohort and educational levels. Results: LGCM indicated divergence between adults with lower and higher educational attainment in longitudinal trajectories of change with age in the Balance and Flexibility factors for the later born cohort only. Discussion: Results support the cumulative advantage theory and suggest that education–health disparities are increasing in recent cohorts, even in counties with national health care systems and strong support of education.

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Butters, Oliver, Amran Ismail, Sue Thompson, and Rebecca Wilson. "Generation of a cleaned dataset listing Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children peer-reviewed publications to 2015." Wellcome Open Research 3 (December 19, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14986.1.

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Birth cohort studies generate huge amounts of data, and as a consequence are a source of many peer reviewed publications. We have taken the list of publications from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children UK birth cohort, filtered, de-duplicated and cleaned it to generate a bibliographic research data set. This dataset could be used for accurate reporting and monitoring of the impact of the study as well as bibliometric research.

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Ju, X., D. N. Teusner, A. J. Spencer, and D. S. Brennan. "Longitudinal Changes in Proportions of Dental Services Provided by Australian Dentists, 1983 to 2010." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416681479.

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The objective of the study was to estimate the longitudinal change over a 26-y period in the proportion of dental services provided in 10 main service provision areas by Australian dentists. A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed approximately every 5 y, commencing 1983 to 1984. The mean proportion of dental services provided was calculated from practitioner activity logs. Mixed effects regression models estimated the longitudinal change in the proportion of services provided, by dentists’ age and birth-year cohort. Response rates across data collection waves ranged from 67% to 76%. Between 1983 to 1984 and 2009 to 2010, the mean proportion of diagnostic, preventive, and crown/bridge services provided tended to increase, and the mean proportion of restorative, oral surgery, and prosthodontic services tended to decrease. Mean proportions of endodontic and orthodontic services fluctuated. Relative to the youngest cohort (born after 1984), across cohorts of older to younger dentists, the proportions of diagnostic and preventive services increased, and restorative and prosthodontic decreased. Older cohorts provided the lowest proportions of diagnostic and preventive services (oldest cohort born before 1918: β = −32.1 ± 4.8; cohort born 1934 to 1938: β = −11.6 ± 3.2, respectively). Older cohorts provided the highest proportions of restorative and prosthodontic services (born before 1918: β = 27.3 ± 5.6; born 1919 to 1923: β = 10.5 ± 2.4, respectively). Some service area trends varied across birth-year cohorts. Endodontic service provision was declining for younger cohorts but increasing for older cohorts. Preventive service provision was increasing for younger cohorts but declining for older cohorts. This study identified trends not evident in previous time-series analysis. First, provision of restorative and oral surgery services, as a proportion of all services provided, was declining. Second, there were competing intercohort trends. These may indicate that new norms in dental education are influencing clinical decision making and that new trends in dental service provision may emerge as older dentists retire. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study identified several trends in dental service provision and indicated that not all trends were consistent across all birth-year cohorts. Findings inform dental health care policy and priorities for dental education. In addition, the identified trends have implications for the future composition of the oral health workforce.

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Zonfrillo, Mark R., James G. Linakis, Eunice S. Yang, and Michael J. Mello. "A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Cohort Studies Examining Unintentional Injury in Young Children." Global Pediatric Health 5 (January 1, 2018): 2333794X1877421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x18774219.

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Objective. Injury is the leading cause of death and long-term disability in children. Longitudinal cohorts are designed to follow subjects longitudinally in order to determine if early-life exposures are related to certain health outcomes. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies of children from birth through 5 years who were followed longitudinally with unintentional injury as an outcome of interest. Results. Of the 1892 unique references based on the search criteria, 12 (published between 2000 and 2013) were included. The studies varied on the population of focus, injury definition, and incidence rates. Existing studies that longitudinally follow children aged 0 to 5 years are limited in number, scope, and generalizability. Conclusions. Further study using population-based longitudinal cohorts is necessary to more comprehensively estimate incidence of injury in young children.

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Reardon, David C., and Christopher Craver. "Effects of Pregnancy Loss on Subsequent Postpartum Mental Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042179.

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Pregnancy loss, natural or induced, is linked to higher rates of mental health problems, but little is known about its effects during the postpartum period. This study identifies the percentages of women receiving at least one postpartum psychiatric treatment (PPT), defined as any psychiatric treatment (ICD-9 290-316) within six months of their first live birth, relative to their history of pregnancy loss, history of prior mental health treatments, age, and race. The population consists of young women eligible for Medicaid in states that covered all reproductive services between 1999–2012. Of 1,939,078 Medicaid beneficiaries with a first live birth, 207,654 (10.7%) experienced at least one PPT, and 216,828 (11.2%) had at least one prior pregnancy loss. A history of prior mental health treatments (MHTs) was the strongest predictor of PPT, but a history of pregnancy loss is also another important risk factor. Overall, women with a prior pregnancy loss were 35% more likely to require a PPT. When the interactions of prior mental health and prior pregnancy loss are examined in greater detail, important effects of these combinations were revealed. About 58% of those whose first MHT was after a pregnancy loss required PPT. In addition, over 99% of women with a history of MHT one year prior to their first pregnancy loss required PPT after their first live births. These findings reveal that pregnancy loss (natural or induced) is a risk factor for PPT, and that the timing of events and the time span for considering prior mental health in research on pregnancy loss can significantly change observed effects. Clinicians should screen for a convergence of a history of MHT and prior pregnancy loss when evaluating pregnant women, in order to make appropriate referrals for counseling.

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Alterman, Neora, Samantha Johnson, Claire Carson, Stavros Petrou, Oliver Rivero-Arias, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Alison Macfarlane, Elaine Boyle, and Maria A. Quigley. "Gestational age at birth and child special educational needs: a UK representative birth cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 9 (January 22, 2021): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320213.

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ObjectiveTo examine the association between gestational age at birth across the entire gestational age spectrum and special educational needs (SENs) in UK children at 11 years of age.MethodsThe Millennium Cohort Study is a nationally representative longitudinal sample of children born in the UK during 2000–2002. Information about the child’s birth, health and sociodemographic factors was collected when children were 9 months old. Information about presence and reasons for SEN was collected from parents at age 11. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were estimated using modified Poisson regression, accounting for confounders.ResultsThe sample included 12 081 children with data at both time points. The overall prevalence of SEN was 11.2%, and it was inversely associated with gestational age. Among children born <32 weeks of gestation, the prevalence of SEN was 27.4%, three times higher than among those born at 40 weeks (aRR=2.89; 95% CI 2.02 to 4.13). Children born early term (37–38 weeks) were also at increased risk for SEN (aRR=1.33; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.59); this was the same when the analysis was restricted to births after labour with spontaneous onset. Birth before full term was more strongly associated with having a formal statement of SEN or SEN for multiple reasons.ConclusionChildren born at earlier gestational ages are more likely to experience SEN, have more complex SEN and require support in multiple facets of learning. This association was observed even among children born early-term and when labour began spontaneously.

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Suanet, Bianca, and Oliver Huxhold. "Cohort Difference in Age-Related Trajectories in Network Size in Old Age: Are Networks Expanding?" Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx166.

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Abstract Objectives Contemporary societal views on old age as well as a rise in retirement age raise the question whether patterns of stability and/or decline in network size as found in earlier studies similarly apply to later birth cohorts of older adults. Methods Change score models are estimated to determine cohort differences in age-related trajectories in network size. Two birth cohorts (1928–37 and 1938–47, 55–64 at baseline in 1992 and 2002) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam are followed across 4 observations over a time span of 9 years. Results Age-related trajectories in network size differ between the early and late birth cohort. The late birth cohort makes large gains in network size around retirement age, but this increase does not hold over time. Increased educational level and larger diversity in social roles relate to the cohort difference. Nonetheless, cohort difference prevails even after adjusting for these factors. Discussion The peak level in the network size in the late birth cohort hints at stronger preference and more opportunities to gain and maintain social relationships around retirement age in the current societal structure and culture. The subsequent drop-off in network size suggests that these ties are mostly used to adapt to the retirement transition.

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LEE, W. E., M. E. J. WADSWORTH, and M. HOTOPF. "The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 3 (January 5, 2006): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705006847.

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Background. Most research has indicated that neuroticism (or trait anxiety) is associated with only negative outcomes. Such a common, heritable and variable trait is expected to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. We tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety in childhood reduces the risk of dying from accidental causes in early adult life.Method. A longitudinal, population-based, birth cohort study of 4070 men and women born in the UK in 1946. Trait anxiety as judged by teachers when the participants were 13 and 15 years old, and the neuroticism scale of a Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) when the participants were 16 years old. Outcomes were deaths, deaths from accidents, non-fatal accidents, and non-fatal accidents requiring medical intervention.Results. Adolescents with low trait anxiety had higher rates of accident mortality to age 25 [low anxiety at 13, hazard ratio (HR) 5·9, low anxiety at 15, HR 1·8]. Low trait anxiety in adolescence was associated with decreased non-accidental mortality after age 25 (low anxiety at 13, HR 0; low anxiety at 15, HR 0·7; low neuroticism at 16, HR 0·7).Conclusions. High trait anxiety measured in adolescence is associated with reduced accidents and accidental death in early adulthood but higher rates of non-accidental mortality in later life.

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Suanet, Bianca, and Theo G. van Tilburg. "Balance in social support exchange and discontinuation of young-old’s personal relationships in three birth cohorts." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 11-12 (January 9, 2019): 3371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518822779.

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Societal changes and an increase in personal resources are likely to have an impact on the personal relationships of cohorts coming of age. We expect that, in recent times, (1) relationships more often strike a balance in exchanged instrumental and emotional support and (2) relationships are discontinued more often when there is no balance in exchanged instrumental and emotional support, particularly among nonkin. We compare three birth cohorts from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, aged 55–64 years at baseline (early cohort: born in 1928–1937, interviewed in 1992; middle cohort: born in 1938–1947, interviewed in 2002; late cohort: born in 1948–1957, interviewed in 2012). The results indicate that, in the middle and late birth cohorts, personal relationships are more often characterized by a balance in social support exchanges compared to the early cohort. No cohort differences in the effect of balance on relationship discontinuation are observed. The results suggest increased opportunities and preferences of young-olds to maintain balance in their personal relationships.

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Jones-Smith, Jessica C., Marlowe Gates Dieckmann, Laura Gottlieb, Jessica Chow, and Lia C. H. Fernald. "Socioeconomic Status and Trajectory of Overweight from Birth to Mid-Childhood: The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort." PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2014): e100181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100181.

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Mitchell, Ruth E., Hannah J. Jones, Robert H. Yolken, Glen Ford, Lorraine Jones-Brando, Susan M. Ring, Alix Groom, Sophie FitzGibbon, George Davey Smith, and Nicholas J. Timpson. "Longitudinal serological measures of common infection in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort." Wellcome Open Research 3 (April 27, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14565.1.

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Antibodies against pathogens provide information on exposure to infectious agents and are meaningful measures of past and present infection. Antibodies were measured in the plasma of children that are the offspring in a population-based birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Plasma was collected during clinics at age 5, 7, 11 and 15 years. The antigens examined include: fungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); protozoan (Toxoplasma gondii and surface antigen 1 of T. gondii); herpes viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus type 1); common colds (influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2); other antigens (measles); animal (feline herpes virus, Theiler’s virus); bacteria (Helicobacter pylori); dietary antigens (bovine casein alpha protein, bovine casein beta protein). Alongside the depth of data available within the ALSPAC cohort, this longitudinal resource will enable the investigation of the association between infections and a wide variety of outcomes.

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Mitchell, Ruth E., Hannah J. Jones, Robert H. Yolken, Glen Ford, Lorraine Jones-Brando, Susan M. Ring, Alix Groom, Sophie FitzGibbon, George Davey Smith, and Nicholas J. Timpson. "Longitudinal serological measures of common infection in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort." Wellcome Open Research 3 (July 23, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14565.2.

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Antibodies against pathogens provide information on exposure to infectious agents and are meaningful measures of past and present infection. Antibodies were measured in the plasma of children that are the offspring in a population-based birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Plasma was collected during clinics at age 5, 7, 11 and 15 years. The antigens examined include: fungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); protozoan (Toxoplasma gondii and surface antigen 1 of T. gondii); herpes viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus type 1); common colds (influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2); other antigens (measles); animal (feline herpes virus, Theiler’s virus); bacteria (Helicobacter pylori); dietary antigens (bovine casein alpha protein, bovine casein beta protein). Alongside the depth of data available within the ALSPAC cohort, this longitudinal resource will enable the investigation of the association between infections and a wide variety of outcomes.

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