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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Long-term'
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Stordahl, Kjell. "Long-term telecommunication forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-948.
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<p>The key word for the thesis is long-term demand forecasting which have been applied on telecommunications and especially on broadband accesses and traffic.</p><p>The objective with the thesis has been to structure and present work on long-term broadband forecasting, to evaluate the forecasting results and to extract the learning. Each main chapter ends with a section called experiences and conclusions.</p><p>The thesis is organized in seven main parts.</p><p>The first part addresses application of the Delphi technique for long term forecasting broadband accesses. Three Delphi surveys, which have been conducted during a long period, have been evaluated. All three Delphi surveys have used similar procedures in carrying out the survey, except that two of the Delphi surveys were postal surveys, while one was carried out on site. The applied procedure is evaluated based on an important reference article on Delphi surveys and also based on the long-term forecasting results. The Delphi surveys are not very often used. Hence, the description of the way to conduct the surveys and the experiences and also the evaluations of the results are given specific attention in the thesis.</p><p>The second part of the thesis has the title “Long-term broadband technology forecasting”. Results from three papers are presented and evaluated. The papers show the evolution of the forecasting modelling. The first forecasts for the broadband evolution in Western Europe were made before broadband was introduced in the residential market in Western Europe. The long-term forecasts were developed based on Logistic models. The modelling also includes substitution effects between broadband technologies. Experiences have shown that technological knowledge and techno-economic evaluations are crucial for making long-term broadband forecasts. Some attention is also put on available broadband accesses statistics and an approach to separate aggregated broadband statistics to access statistics for the business market and for the residential market.</p><p>“Long-term forecasting models for cost components and technologies” is the third part in the thesis. To be able to evaluate broadband technologies, techno-economic calculations of the “economic” value of the relevant broadband technologies are very important. The extended learning curve model invented by Borgar T Olsen and Kjell Stordahl is presented. The model is much more powerful than the simple exponential learning curve. The extended learning curve makes long-term forecasts of component costs and has the ability to be used directly on technoeconomic calculations, as opposed to the traditional learning curve model, which does not predict the cost as a function of time. In addition the extended learning curve model has interpretable parameters. It is shown that the model may utilize a priori information in cases where too few observations are available.</p><p>The fourth part addresses long-term traffic forecasting. Three papers are enclosed. The chapter starts with a short overview of relevant forecasting models. Then attention is paid to forecasting and network planning. A comprehensive overview of the field is given together with numerous references in the enclosed paper “Forecasting – an important factor for network planning”. Longterm forecasts for the core network is analyzed and discussed. Also some figures for the total broadband traffic evolution in the Norwegian core network is presented. </p><p>The last paper described in the chapter shows how long-term traffic forecasts on aggregated level can be used for traffic matrix forecasting by using the extended weighted least square method. The chapter ends by listing several important drivers for new and enhanced broadband traffic that are important in traffic forecasting models.</p><br>Paper I, III, IV, V, VI, VII and XIII copyright Telenor R&I
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Fairchild, Richard. "Optimal long term financing." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310694.
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Holt, Jim. "Navigating Long-Term Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6474.
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Americans over age 65 constitute a larger percentage of the population each year: from 14% in 2010 (40 million elderly) to possibly 20% in 2030 (70 million elderly). In 2015, an estimated 66 million people provided care to the ill, disabled, and elderly in the United States. In 2000, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 15 million Americans used some form of long-term care: adult day care, home health, nursing home, or hospice. In all, 13% of people over 85 years old, compared with 1% of those ages 65 to 74, live in nursing homes in the United States. Transitions of care, among these various levels of care, are common: Nursing home to hospital transfer, one of the best-studied transitions, occurs in more than 25% of nursing home residents per year. This article follows one patient through several levels of care.
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Musilika, Oskar. "Long term portfolio construction." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20977.
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Financial analyst commonly advice individual investors with a long investment horizon to invest in portfolios comprised more of equities. This advice is usually coupled with the practice of shifting the investor's portfolio from risky asset holdings towards bonds and cash as the investor's target date gets closer. This view rests on the notion that equities tend to be less risky over the long horizon and that stock returns exhibit mean reversion overtime. The purpose of this dissertation is to find the optimal asset allocation over various investment horizons; and investigate how the optimal asset allocation changes over the long investment horizon. The study uses data from South Africa's financial market covering the period December 2001 to December 2014. The mean - variance framework generated the optimal asset allocation over 12 investment horizons. The study finds that, over 90 percent of the portfolio should be vested into fixed - income South African bonds, with little over 5 percent equities allocation, over longer investment periods. In addition, the study found evidence of time diversification on the JSE all shares index and the presence of mean reversion properties for the all s hares index. With these conclusions, implications and recommendations are suggested
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Li, Li. "Short-term and long-term evolution of lentiviruses." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575475.
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Lentiviruses have paradoxically fast short-term rate of evolution and slow long-term rate of evolution, which differ by several orders of magnitude. In this thesis, with a new method called truncated tree analysis, slower rates of evolution of transmitted viruses were estimated. However, the rate decline of the transmitted viruses is limited, and is not sufficient to explain the dramatic difference between the short-term and long-term evolutionary rates. These dramatically different rates were reconciled by an S shaped curve based on the new trend observed from this thesis. In the middle part of this new trend, the rate of evolution decreases as the time of divergence increases. Using this new trend, the time scale of HIV -1 and their closest related SIV found in apes were set. The SIV cpzPtt and SIV cpzPts isolated from the two subspecies of chimpanzees shared the most recent common ancestor around 25.2 thousand years ago. This is younger than the estimated date of these two host subspecies split, and suggests that the SIV cpz is relatively new to the chimpanzees. The second chapter of this thesis further explores lentiviral evolution by examining the feline immunodeficiency viruses (FIV's). An American origin scenario of the FIV s was proposed. In this scenario the ancestor of FIV first the invaded the ancestors of the puma lineage living in American, and then as the ancient puma lineage speciated and migrated FIV spread out to many other felids. The final chapter of this thesis further explores the evolutionary rate decline as the time span extends by introducing the idea of flip- flop sites that undergo negative frequency dependent selection pressures. Theoretical simulations confirmed that in the short time span, the presence of the flip-flop sites results in overestimation of the evolutionary rate, but in longer time spans, opposite effects of flip-flop sites were observed.
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Hernández-Pizarro, Helena M. "Essays on long-term care." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456565.
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This thesis analyses the effects of expanding public Long-Term Care (LTC) benefits
in Spain, using three different approaches. In the first chapter, I estimate
the impact of public LTC allowances on the mortality of the beneficiaries. My
results suggest that providing care prevents a deterioration in health, such that
death is postponed when the level of needs is low or moderate. In the second
chapter –with Garc´ıa-G´omez, L´opez-Casasnovas and Vidiella-Martin–, we assess
the equity of the access of public LTC. We show that the system is particularly
inequitable regarding the form of provision of benefits. This translates into a
pro-poor concentration of longer waiting time to access care. Finally, in the last
chapter –with L´opez-Casasnovas and Nicodemo–, we investigate the unintended
consequences of a non-linear scheme of benefits. We identify that around 3% of
the claimants are upgraded to the next level of benefits, increasing the cost for the
system. Instead, the proposed linear system of benefits could make the system
more egalitarian and minimise the unintended incentives.<br>Aquesta tesi analitza els efectes de l’expansió de les prestacions públiques en
dependència a l’estat espanyol, des de tres perspectives diferents. En el primer
capítol, estimo l’impacte de les prestacions públiques en la mortalitat dels beneficiaris.
Els resultats suggereixen que la provisió d’atenció prevé el deteriorament
de la salut, fins al punt de posposar la mort quan el nivell de dependència és baix o
moderat. En el segon capítol –amb García-Gómez, López-Casasnovas i Vidiella-
Martin–, avaluem l’equitat en l’accés als diversos serveis públics per a l’atenció
a la dependència. Mostrem que el sistema públic de dependència és especialment
inequitatiu en la forma de provisió de beneficis. Això es tradueix en major
concentració entre els més pobres del temps d’espera per accedir als recursos
públics. Al darrer capítol –amb López-Casasnovas i Nicodemo–, investiguem les
conseqüèencies inintencionades d’un sistema de beneficis no lineal. Identifiquem
que entorn el 3% de la gent que sol.licita les prestacions són classificats en nivells
de necessitat per sobre dels que els pertoca, fet que incrementa el cost del sistema.
És per això, que proposem un sistema lineal de prestacions, que esdevingui més
igualitari i minimitzi els incentius perversos.
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Alexander, Joseph V. "Long Term Blood Oxygenation Membranes." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/28.
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Hollow fiber membranes are widely used in blood oxygenators to remove carbon dioxide and add oxygen during cardiopulmonary bypass operations. These devices are now widely used off-label by physicians to perform extracorporeal blood oxygenation for patients with lung failure. Unfortunately, the hollow fiber membranes used in these devices fail prematurely due to blood plasma leakage and gas emboli formation.
This project formed ultrathin (~100nm) polymer coatings on polymer hollow fiber membranes. The coatings were intended to “block” existing pores on the exterior surfaces while permitting high gas fluxes. This coating is synthesized using surface imitated control radical polymerization.
The coating was durable and did not peel or degrade. Fibers modified using this coating technique did not substantially degrade the mechanical properties of the membrane. This coating technique prevented blood plasma leakage and gas emboli formation. The coating permitted blood oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal from in a mock circulation module.
Coating formation on polymeric hollow fiber membranes using surface initiated controlled radical polymerization allows for the formation of membranes that have the potential for long term blood oxygenation. This coating technique would allow these long term blood membranes to be produced more inexpensively than currently existing membranes used for long term use.
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Viitanen, Matti. "Long-term effects of stroke." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Rehabiliteringsmedicin, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100559.
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Stroke, which has an increasing incidence with age, causes an irreversible brain damage which may lead to impairment, disability and decreased life satisfaction or death. Risk factors for death, recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction, were analyzed in 409 stroke patients treated at the Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, between Jan. 1, 1978 and Dec. 31, 1982. The causes of death were related with the time of survival. In fully co-operable (n=62) 4-6 year stroke survivors, the occurrence of motor and perceptual impairments, of self-care (ADL) disability and of self-reported decreased life satisfaction due to stroke was determined. The probability of survival was 77% three months after stroke, 69% after one year, and 37% after five years. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that impairment of consciousness was the most important risk factor for death followed by age, previous cardiac failure, diabetes mellitus, intracerebral hemorrhage and male sex. During the first week, cerebrovascular disease (90%) was the most dominant primary cause of death, from the second to the fourth week pulmonary embolism (30%), bronchopneumonia during the second and third months and cardiac disease (37%) later than three months after stroke. The risk of recurrence was 14% during the first year after stroke and the accumulated risk of stroke recurrence after 5 years was 37% after stroke. The estimated probability of myocardial infarction was 7% at one year and 19% at 5 years. High age and a history of cardiac failure increased the risk of recurrent stroke. The risk of myocardial infarction was associated with high age, angina pectoris and diabetes mellitus. The highest risk of epilepsy was found between 6 and 12 months after stroke. Motor impairment prevailed in 36% of the long-term survivors, perceptual impairments in up to 57% and decreased ADL-capacity in 32%. As regards ecological perception, perceptual function variables were distinctly grouped into low and high level perception which together with motor function explained 71% of the variance of self-care ADL. While levels of global and of domain specific variables of life satisfaction appeared stable in clinically healthy reference populations aged 60 and 80 years, the stroke had produced a decrease in one or more aspects of life satisfaction for 61% of the long-term survivors. Although significantly associated with motor impairments and ADL disability, these changes could not only be attributed to physical problems.<br><p>S. 1-48: sammanfattning, s. 49-114: 5 uppsatser</p><br>digitalisering@umu
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Sunding, Brooke Abrams. "Gratitude in long term care." Thesis, Spalding University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621800.
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<p> An exploratory study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a group gratitude intervention with 29 permanent residents at a long term care/ skilled nursing facility in improving elder mood, behavior, and well- being over a 3 week time period. The sample included individuals diagnosed with dementia, other cognitive impairment, major depressive disorder, insomnia, and generalized anxiety disorder. The gratitude intervention consisted of asking elders to share what they are thankful for at the dinner table each day. Measures included the Elder Well Being Scale and The Dinner Rating Scale. On both measures, higher scores indicated better functioning. To test the hypothesis that post treatment elder well-being will be significantly higher than pretreatment elder well-being ratings, a one-way ANOVA was conducted. Post-hoc tests revealed a statistically significant increase in Elder Well Being Scale scores. An ANOVA of comparing Dinner Ratings demonstrated a nonsignificant increase over the 3 week experiment. Implications are discussed.</p>
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Vemuri, Sunil 1969. "Personal long-term memory aids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30242.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2005.<br>MIT Institute Archives Copy: p. 101-132 bound in reverse order.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-132).<br>The prevalence and affordability of personal and environmental recording apparatuses are leading to increased documentation of our daily lives. This trend is bound to continue and it follows that academic, industry, and government groups are showing an increased interest in such endeavors for various purposes. In the present case, I assert that such documentation can be used to help remedy common memory problems. Assuming a long-term personal archive exists, when confronted with a memory problem, one faces a new challenge, that of finding relevant memory triggers. This dissertation examines the use of information-retrieval technologies on long-term archives of personal experiences towards remedying certain types of long-term forgetting. The approach focuses on capturing audio for the content. Research on Spoken Document Retrieval examines the pitfalls of information-retrieval techniques on error-prone speech- recognizer-generated transcripts and these challenges carry over to the present task. However, "memory retrieval" can benefit from the person's familiarity of the recorded data and the context in which it was recorded to help guide their effort. To study this, I constructed memory-retrieval tools designed to leverage a person's familiarity of their past to optimize their search task. To evaluate the utility of these towards solving long-term memory problems, I (1) recorded public events and evaluated witnesses' memory-retrieval approaches using these tools; and (2) conducted a longer- term memory-retrieval study based on recordings of several years of my personal and research-related conversations. Subjects succeeded with memory-retrieval tasks in both studies, typically finding answers within minutes.<br>(cont.) This is far less time than the alternate of re-listening to hours of recordings. Subjects' memories of the past events, in particular their ability to narrow the window of time in which past events occurred, improved their ability to find answers. In addition to results from the memory-retrieval studies, I present a technique called "speed listening." By using a transcript (even one with many errors), it allows people to reduce listening time while maintaining comprehension. Finally, I report on my experiences recording events in my life over 2.5 years.<br>by Sunil Vemuri.<br>Ph.D.
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Hanczakowski, Maciej. "Inhibition in long-term memory." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6355.
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The present thesis examined the issue of inhibitory processes in long-term memory. Several theoretical frameworks, which posit various loci of an inhibitory mechanism, have been examined. The locus of an inhibitory mechanism was investigated within the retrieval practice paradigm, in which inhibition is recruited against information that competes for memory access during retrieval, and within the list-method directed forgetting paradigm, in which inhibition is voluntarily recruited. Experiments 1-8, with a total of 315 participants tested, focused on the cue-independence of forgetting in the retrieval practice paradigm. Experiments 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8 provided no evidence for the cue-independence. Although forgetting was documented when memory was tested with original cues (Experiments 1, 2, 3, 6), it failed to emerge with independent cues that were semantically related to several items in the memory set (Experiments 1 and 2), that were semantically related to individual items in the memory set (Experiments 2, 4, and 8), and that were only episodically related to individual items (Experiment 7). These findings do not support the theory of inhibition operating at the level of semantic features. Further, no support was obtained for the prediction that a broad spectrum of episodic associations established for interfering information is affected by inhibition (Experiments 4 and 7). Finally, the prediction of a constrained episodic account, according to which only the associative link directly responsible for interference is affected by an inhibitory mechanism, was assessed in Experiment 8. This hypothesis also did not gain empirical support. Experiments 9-11, with a total of 141 participants tested, focused on the list-method directed forgetting paradigm. Within this paradigm two hypotheses about the locus of inhibitory processes were tested. Predictions of the retrieval inhibition account, which postulates the general effect of inhibition on all episodic associations created during study, where contrasted with predictions of a constrained inhibitory model, according to which only episodic links directly responsible for interference are affected by inhibition. Experiments 10 and 11 did not provide support for the retrieval inhibition account, thus favouring a more constrained framework. Together, the results of the present experiments can be interpreted in two ways. They can be used to specify an inhibitory mechanism as one of associative unlearning, operating only on the associations that are the cause of interference which needs to be resolved by inhibition (but see Experiment 8). Alternatively, the present results can be used to argue that the concept of inhibition is not needed to account for forgetting in the examined paradigms.
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Pokoradi, Alida Jennifer. "Long-term sequelae of menopause." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192389.
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Women who experience early natural menopause, or surgical menopause, may be prone to any morbidity and mortality risk related to oestrogen deficiency. The thesis aimed to explore the long-term sequelae of the menopause by investigating current knowledge about the relationship between early age at natural menopause, any surgical menopause, and early age at surgical menopause, and future mortality, incident cancer, and incident circulatory disease. The thesis also investigated the long-term sequelae of menopause using data from a nested cohort of UK women from the Royal College of General Practitioners’ Oral Contraception Study [RCGP OCS]. Methods A portfolio of systematic reviews was conducted. To assess whether a young age at natural menopause, any surgical menopause, and a young age at surgical menopause were associated with mortality and ill-health, data from the RCGP OCS were analysed using Cox regression and competing risks. Results Systematic reviews: 153 papers were included, of varying quality. The heterogeneity of included studies’ exposure and reference groups meant that meta-analysis was not possible. Younger age at natural menopause was strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, but not cancer-related death. A suggestion of an increased risk was found for cardiovascular death. Young natural menopause protected strongly against incident endometrial and weakly against ovarian cancers. Few studies examined cervical cancer and age at natural menopause was not a risk factor. Colorectal cancer was not consistently associated with age at natural menopause. Young age at natural menopause was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease [CHD], but not cerebrovascular disease. Little evidence was found that surgical, compared with natural menopause was associated with any mortality outcomes. Surgical menopause tended to protect against ovarian cancer but no effect was found for cervical cancer. The relationship between colorectal cancer, or cerebrovascular disease, and surgical menopause is unclear. More evidence showed that surgical menopause may increase the risk of CHD. Limited evidence for young age at combined natural and surgical menopause found it to increase the risk of all-cause mortality and perhaps cardiovascular death. There was no association with risk of cancer death. No clear associations were found for early age at combined natural and surgical menopause and any of the specific cancers examined, or cerebrovascular disease. There may be an association with CHD, but its evidence base was weak. Nested cohort of the RCGP OCS: Premature menopause was associated with decreased risk of: all-cause, cancer-, and circulatory-related mortality, all incident cancer, other cancers, and CHD. Premature menopause was not associated with: incident breast, main gynaecological, or colorectal cancer; all circulatory disease, cerebrovascular disease, or other circulatory disease. For early natural menopause, a significantly decreased risk was observed for: death from all causes, cancer, and non-cancer, non-circulatory causes; incident all cancer, colorectal cancer (borderline), other cancers; incident all circulatory disease and CHD. No significant risk was observed for circulatory mortality; incident breast or main gynaecological cancer; incident cerebrovascular disease or other circulatory disease. Compared with natural menopause, surgical menopause increased circulatory-related mortality only. The risk of incident main gynaecological cancers was decreased. The other incident cancer outcomes were not associated with surgical menopause. Risk of any, and each type of incident circulatory disease was not significantly altered with surgical menopause.
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Cridland, Doug, and Chris Dehmelt. "LONG TERM VEHICLE HEALTH MONITORING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604406.
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ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>While any vehicle that is typically part of a flight test campaign is heavily instrumented to validate its performance, long term vehicle health monitoring is performed by a significantly reduced number of sensors due to a number of issues including cost, weight and maintainability. The development and deployment of smart sensor buses has reached a time in which they can be integrated into a larger data acquisition system environment. The benefits of these types of buses include a significant reduction in the amount of wiring and overall system complexity by placing the appropriate signal conditioners close to their respective sensors and providing data back over a common bus, that also provides a single power source. The use of a smart-sensor data collection bus, such as IntelliBus™1 or IEEE-1451, along with the continued miniaturization of signal conditioning devices, leads to the interesting possibility of permanently embedding data collection capabilities within a vehicle after the initial flight test effort has completed, providing long-term health-monitoring and diagnostic functionality that is not available today. This paper will discuss the system considerations and the benefits of a smart sensor based system and how pieces can be transitioned from flight qualification to long-term vehicle health monitoring in production vehicles.
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Foo, Justin Fang Sean. "Essays on long term investing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648566.
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Goodman, Mara Lee, and Mara Lee Goodman. "Long-Term Recovery in Aphasia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620715.
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Language recovery was examined in 108 individuals with aphasia in the chronic phase of recovery who participated in various forms of aphasia treatment over extended periods of time. The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) was administered at multiple time points and Aphasia Quotient (AQ) scores were used as a measure of language performance over time. As a group, the cohort showed an improvement of +6.52 AQ points, yielding an average rate of change of +4.07 AQ points per year. The rate of change was greatest at earlier times post onset (between three months and two years), and improvement was greatest for individuals with aphasia in the moderate severity range. Age, sex, and fluency did not have a significant effect on recovery. Education level had marginal predictive value in the direction of those with less education showing greater rate of improvement. These results suggest that language recovery continues during the chronic stage for individuals who are involved in some form of rehabilitation activity, especially in individuals with aphasia of moderate severity.
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Yauk, Jessica Ann. "Planning for Long-Term Care." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1605102319925788.
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Ho, Peter Chi-Ming. "Dynamics of long-term forgetting /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Eckert, Michael Racine Ronald J. "Mechanisms of neocortical long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the freely behaving rat /." *McMaster only, 2003.
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Scheutz, Jon. "Examination of defects and long term crack growth in rolled bars during long term storage." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148106.
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This work has had the purpose to examine defects and the cause of crack growth during long term storage in rolled bars. The bars in question are rolled and stored at Ovako in Hofors. The problem is approached by theoretically examining the possibilities of hydrogen damage, room temperature creep and naturally occurring porosity. Seven bars of three steel type groups and with different rolling dates were selected and examined for defects with ultrasonic testing. Four of the bars show defects. Specimens containing the defects are cut out and grinded so that the defects can be examined in the scanning electron microscope and analyzed with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. One of the specimens shows some form of cavity containing iron carbide. One of the others shows a surface with inclusions. The remaining two both shows inclusions and cracks that seem to originate from inclusions. The theoretical studies show that there are two types of hydrogen damage that could be in effect in the studied case and also that room temperature creep could facilitate but not cause crack growth and that porosity could serve as crack initiation points. Steps should be taken to minimize the problems mentioned above when they are suspected causes. Further examination of inclusions in different steel types should be made if considered a problem.<br>Detta arbete har haft syftet att undersöka defekter och orsaken till spricktillväxt under långtidsförvaring av spårvalsade stänger. Stängerna i undersökningen är valsade och lagrade hos Ovako i Hofors. Problemet är angripet genom att teoretiskt undersöka risken för väteskador, kryp i rumstemperatur och naturligt förekommande porositet. Sju stänger indelade i tre stålsortsgrupper och med olika valsningsdatum valdes ut och undersöktes med ultraljud. Fyra av stängerna visade på defekter. Prov innehållande dessa defekter blev utkapade och slipade så att defekterna kan bli undersökta i svepelektronmikroskop och analyserade med energidispersiv röntgenanalys. Ett av proverna visar på ett hålrum innehållande en järnkarbid. Ett av de andra proverna visar på en yta med inneslutningar. De två återstående proverna visar på inneslutningar och sprickor som verkar utgå från inneslutningar. De teoretiska studierna visar att det finns två typer av väteskador som är aktuella i det studerade fallet och även att kryp vid rumstemperatur kan underlätta spricktillväxt men inte orsaka den och att porositet kan tjäna som sprickinitieringsställen. Åtgärder för att minimera de nämnda problemen bör tas i fall där de är misstänkta orsaker. Ytterligare undersökningar av inneslutningsbilden bör göras om inneslutningar anses vara ett problem.
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Wang, Yang. "Modeling of Ultracapacitor Short-term and Long-term Dynamic Behavior." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1217029983.
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Estalrich-Lopez, Juan. "Short-term operation of surface reservoirs within long-term goals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184854.
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A stochastic dynamic programming model (called P.B.S.D.P.) based on the consideration of peak discharge and time between peaks as two stochastic variables has been used to model and to solve a reservoir operation problem. This conceptualization of the physical reality allows to solve, in this order, the tactical and strategic operation of surface reservoirs. This P.B.S.D.P. model has been applied to the Sau reservoir in the Northeastern corner of Spain. The results showed a significant improvement over the currently used operation procedure, yielding values of yearly average electricity production that are somewhat under 6% of what could have been the maximum electricity production.
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del, Busto Cristina T. "Cognitive Beharioal-Therapy for Child Anxiety: Long-term Follow-up and Predictors of Long-term Outcomes." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3034.
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Anxiety and its disorders are highly prevalent in childhood and adolescence, and are associated with impairment in social and academic functioning. Empirical evidence has accumulated demonstrating the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth anxiety disorders delivered in individual, group, and parent formats. This dissertation study compared two of these formats, a youth only individual format, and two types of parental involvement formats to answer questions related to the long-term diagnostic outcomes and psychosocial functioning outcomes of youth who receive CBT for anxiety disorders. Specifically, this dissertation sought to compare individual and parent involvement to determine whether targeting parenting behaviors associated with youth anxiety produces significantly lower levels of psychopathology at a follow-up evaluation.The sample consisted of 173 youth and their parents who completed a follow-up evaluation one to seven years following treatment for youth anxiety disorders. Research questions were examined using regression analyses within a structural equation modeling framework. Results indicate that youth who demonstrated positive treatment gains at post treatment continued to maintain these gains at the long-term follow-up period one to seven years following treatment. Treatment condition significantly predicted ratings of youth anxiety symptoms at follow-up according to parent ratings, indicating lower youth anxiety symptom ratings for participants in the parent-involved conditions compared to participants in the youth only condition. Youth in the parent-involved conditions were also rated higher on social functioning at follow-up on the parent report, as compared to youth in the individual treatment condition. The study findings are discussed in terms of treatment design and clinical implications for the treatment of youth anxiety and its disorders.
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Drever, Johannes. "Rapid acquisition of long spatial sequences in long-term memory." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-150231.
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Meinshausen, Malte A. "Long-term chlorine loading prediction SiMCeL /." Zurich : IACETH, 2001. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=22.
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Roth-Alpermann, Claudia. "Homeostatic regulation of long-term potentiation." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-38403.
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Maksimovic, Stefan. "Long-term Retention of Proprioceptive Recalibration." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36573.
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Proprioception is recalibrated following reaches with misaligned visual feedback of the hand, such that one’s sense of felt hand position is shifted in the direction of the visual feedback provided (Cressman & Henriques 2009). In the current experiment, we examined the ability of proprioceptive recalibration to be retained over an extended period of time (i.e. 4 days), and the benefits of additional training on retention in the form of recall and savings (i.e. faster re-learning on subsequent testing days). Twenty-four participants trained to reach to a target while seeing a cursor that was rotated 30° clockwise relative to their hand on an initial day of testing. Half of the participants then completed additional reach training trials on 4 subsequent testing days (Training group), whereas the second half of participants did not complete additional training (Non-Training group). Participants provided estimates of their felt hand position on all 5 testing days to establish retention of proprioceptive recalibration. Results revealed that proprioceptive recalibration was recalled 24 hours after initial training and that there was no benefit of additional training. Retention in the form of savings was observed on all days for the Training group and on Day 5 in the Non-Training group. These results reveal that proprioceptive recalibration does not benefit from additional training but is retained in the form of recall and savings. Taken together, results from the two groups of participants showed that the sensory system’s ability to change over time appeared to saturate early on, within two days of training. Moreover, the different time scales (i.e. 1 day for recall versus 4 days for savings), suggested that distinct processes may underlie recall and savings of proprioceptive recalibration.
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Supancic, James III. "Long-Term Tracking by Decision Making." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10286470.
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<p> Cameras can naturally capture sequences of images, or videos, and for computers to understand videos, they must track to connect the past with the present. We focus on two problems which challenge current state-of-the-art trackers. First, we address the challenge of long-term occlusion. For this challenge, a tracker must know when it has lost track and how to reinitialize tracking when the target reappears. We tackle reinitialization by building good appearance models for humans and hands, with a particular emphasis on robustness and occlusion. For the second challenge, appearance variation, the tracker must know when and how to re-learn (or update) an appearance model. Common solutions to this challenge encounter the classic problem of drift: aggressively learning putative appearance changes allows small errors to compound, as elements of the background environment pollute the appearance model. We propose two solutions. First, we consider self-paced learning, wherein a tracker begins by learning from frames it finds easy. As the tracker becomes better at recognizing the target, it begins to learn from harder frames. We also develop a data-driven approach in which we train a tracking policy to decide when and how to update an appearance model. To take this direct approach to “learning when to learn”, we exploit large-scale Internet data through reinforcement learning. We interpret the resulting policy and conclude with extensions for tracking multiple objects. By solving these tracking challenges, we advance applications in augmented reality, vehicle automation, healthcare, and security.</p><p>
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Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna, and Stefan Humer. "Projecting Long-Term Primary Energy Consumption." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3874/1/wp152.pdf.
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In this paper we use the long-term empirical relationship among primary energy consumption,
real income, physical capital, population and technology, obtained by averaged
panel error correction models, to project the long-term primary energy consumption of 56
countries up to 2100. In forecasting long-term primary energy consumption, we work with four
different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenarios (SSPs) developed for the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework, assuming different challenges to adaptation and
mitigation. We find that in all scenarios, China, the United States and India will be the largest
energy consumers, while highly growing countries will also significantly contribute to energy
use. We observe for most scenarios a sharp increase in global energy consumption, followed
by a levelling-out and a decrease towards the second half of the century. The reasons behind
this pattern are not only slower population growth, but also infrastructure saturation and
increased total factor productivity. This means, as countries move towards more knowledge
based societies, and higher energy efficiency, their primary energy usage is likely to decrease as
a result. Global primary energy consumption is expected however to increase significantly in
the coming decades, thus increasing the pressure on policy makers to cope with the questions
of energy security and greenhouse gas mitigation at the same time. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Yu, Kin-ying, and 余見英. "Long term preservation of electronic documents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30073200.
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Fallatah, Gasem M. "Long-term behaviour of aramid fibre." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/958.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation of the creep rupture of Kevlar@ 29, Twaron@ 1000, and Technora T2000 aramid fibre yams was carried out in the temperature range 25-120T in air and three other environments (Saudi/Iranian crude oil, pure water, and low pH water) at 65T with the objective of characterising the long term failure behaviour of these fibres and determine if they can be used to replace the stress rupture test conducted on RTP for qualification purposes. The standard loglo-loglo ISO 9080 extrapolation procedure, the modified lin-logio ISO 9080 extrapolation procedure and the time temperature superposition method were used to model and interpret the results. When tested in air, the different yams showed similar but not identical regression parameters. The results of the standard logio-logio ISO 9080 and the modified lin-logio methods correlated well. The standard logio-logio form, however, gave slightly higher values for the 20 year mean stress and LPL. Its use is recommended because it is consistent with the model assumed in the regression of RTP. There was no evidence of any 'knee' in the relationships after long periods or at high temperatures. This suggests that there is no change in failure mechanism, and lends confidence to both the long term use of aramid fibre in air and the recommended qualification procedures. RTP regression curve constants and those of tested aramid fibre were similar indicating the validity of aramid fibre stress rupture tests as a replacement for RTP tests. Crude oil immersion produced a small but significant reduction in behaviour. At 650C a suitable crude oil reduction factor applied to the long ten-n LPL would be 0.9. Pure water produces a marked reduction in strength after short periods, at 65C. Finally, water of low pH resulted in a large reduction in performance and considerable scatter with one fibre type. With the other, the effect appeared to be similar to that of pure water. Based on the understanding of the failure mechanism and the creep process in aramid fibres, a creep strain model is proposed for estimating the strain to failure based on the material's properties.
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Huang, Ji. "Long-term performance of UK IPOs." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1723/.
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This thesis investigates the long-term post-issue performance using a sample of 1,953 UK non-financial IPOs for the period of 1982-2004. Data is obtained from the LSPD. The main measure of performance includes buy-and-hold abnormal returns, cumulative abnormal returns, and calendar time regression intercepts. Our results indicate the mixed evidence on the long-term post-IPO stock performance. Event time analysis produce significant underperformance at five-year horizon while calendar time regression results show that IPOs perform as good as benchmarks. In conclusion, the relative long-term performance depends on the method and benchmark of examining performance. For example, most results based on BHAR measure suggest that the sample underperforms. Additionally, we assess the choice of data set on the conclusion of long-term post-IPO performance. We find that Datastream (DS) produces similar results as London Share Price Database (LSPD) if equal weight scheme is adopted. Additionally, there is insignificant discrepancy for the value weighted returns. Finally, the thesis reveals that two-stage IPOs do not underperform the benchmarks. Furthermore, two-stage IPOs have similar long-term performance compared to that of regular IPOs listed in AIM. Also, the underpricing for two-stage IPOs is less severe than regular IPOs.
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Packard, Heidi A. "Are long-term earnings targets forecasts?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117997.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-39).<br>This paper examines whether earnings targets used in long-term performance-based compensation plans predict future performance. Using a sample of targets from long-term grants made to CEOs from 2007 to 2012, I find that earnings targets provide information about future earnings outcomes; however, analysts do not respond to the information targets provide at the time of disclosure. Rather, I find analysts primarily adjust their expectations in the year of the performance period. The information value of targets is robust to variation in crosssectional factors such as monitoring and financial reporting concerns, and concentrated in cases where agency conflicts are low and traditional management forecasts are not available. To my knowledge, this analysis is the first to document a forecasting role for the long-term targets used in earnings-based compensation plans.<br>by Heidi A. Packard.<br>Ph. D.
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Coe, Norma B. "Long-term care and the elderly." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33837.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.<br>"September 2005."<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Long-term care expenditures represent one of the largest uninsured financial risks facing the elderly. Medicaid provides incomplete insurance against these costs: unlimited nursing home benefits with a deductible equal to the savings and income above the means-testing limits. While private insurance is available, fewer than 10 percent of the elderly are currently covered. This thesis explores how the elderly prepare for future nursing home use and the interactions between the private and public insurance systems. Chapter one exploits the state-variation in Medicaid generosity to study the financial response of the elderly to perceived future nursing home needs. I find that the elderly shift their consumption and savings decisions in response to Medicaid. Single households have lower net worth through the median of the distribution due to Medicaid policy. On the other hand, I find that married households do not lower total net worth, but they change their relative holdings of protected and non-protected assets. Chapter two explores the crowd-out effect of the public Medicaid program on demand for private long-term care insurance coverage. We estimate the impact of Medicaid program rules on private long-term care insurance coverage for the elderly. We find small but statistically significant marginal crowd-out effects.<br>(cont.) Our estimates imply that even a $67,000 decrease in the asset disregard for couples would only increase private long-term care insurance ownership among the elderly by 1.9 percentage points. These findings underscore that marginal reforms to the existing Medicaid program are unlikely to be an effective way of increasing private long-term care insurance coverage among the elderly. Chapter three explores individuals' expectations for future nursing home use. I compare self-reported probabilities to the statistical probability computed with a state-of-the-art model used by the long-term care insurance industry. I find that respondents tend to overestimate unlikely outcomes and underestimate likely outcomes. On average, though, the expectations are very accurate. I find that expectations for nursing home use evolve with health conditions in similar ways as the statistical probability. While I find that expectations include private information, they do not account for all information available to the individual, especially the individual's demographic characteristics.<br>by Norma B. Coe.<br>Ph.D.
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Neligan, A. "The long-term prognosis of epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1336066/.
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The five studies presented in this thesis consider different aspects of the long-term prognosis of epilepsy and febrile seizures. The studies were: 1). A systemic review to examine a) how the risk of premature mortality in an individual with epilepsy changes over time and b) whether population mortality rates due to epilepsy have changed over time. (Study 1) 2). An extension of the National General Practice Study of Epilepsy (NGPSE), a prospective community-based incident cohort study to examine a) long-term seizure prognosis and mortality in people with epilepsy and b) seizure prognosis in children with febrile seizures (Study 2) 3). Two retrospective hospital-based cohort studies examining prognosis of chronic epilepsy with regard to a) frequency of different seizure patterns (Study 3) and mediumterm seizure outcome following anti-epileptic drug changes (Study 4). 4). A systematic review examining the impact of aetiology and others factors on outcome in status epilepticus (Study 5). Amongst the findings were: 1): There is no conclusive evidence that either the overall standardised mortality ratio (SMR) or the mortality rate of people with epilepsy has changed significantly over time. The SMR is highest soon after diagnosis and subsequently decreases with a possible late increase after 10 years. In the NGPSE cohort the SMR remains significantly elevated after 20 years despite over 80% currently being in terminal remission. 2): 6.7% (95% CI 4, 11%) of children with febrile seizures developed epilepsy after 20 years. 3): Approximately one-third of people with chronic epilepsy have a history of at least one significant period of seizure freedom (two or more years) while a comparable number with apparent drug-resistant epilepsy attain at least one year of seizure freedom after medication change, although approximately half subsequently relapse. 4). Aetiology and, to a lesser extent, age are the primary determinants of prognosis in status epilepticus.
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Gomes, Ricardo Rafael Baptista. "Long-term biosignals visualization and processing." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7979.
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Thesis submitted in the fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in Biomedical Engineering<br>Long-term biosignals acquisitions are an important source of information about the patients’state and its evolution. However, long-term biosignals monitoring involves managing extremely large datasets, which makes signal visualization and processing a complex task.
To overcome these problems, a new data structure to manage long-term biosignals was
developed. Based on this new data structure, dedicated tools for long-term biosignals visualization and processing were implemented.
A multilevel visualization tool for any type of biosignals, based on subsampling is presented, focused on four representative signal parameters (mean, maximum, minimum and
standard deviation error).
The visualization tool enables an overview of the entire signal and a more detailed visualization in specific parts which we want to highlight, allowing an user friendly interaction that leads to an easier signal exploring.
The ”map” and ”reduce” concept is also exposed for long-term biosignal processing. A
processing tool (ECG peak detection) was adapted for long-term biosignals. In order to test the developed algorithm, long-term biosignals acquisitions (approximately 8 hours each) were carried out.
The visualization tool has proven to be faster than the standard methods, allowing a fast navigation over the different visualization levels of biosignals. Regarding the developed processing algorithm, it detected the peaks of long-term ECG signals with fewer time consuming than the nonparalell processing algorithm.
The non-specific characteristics of the new data structure, visualization tool and the speed improvement in signal processing introduced by these algorithms makes them powerful tools for long-term biosignals visualization and processing.
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Bin, Kamaruddin Shamsul. "Long-term mechanical properties of rubber." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360430/.
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Natural rubber has a good potential to be used as a material for the development of wave energy converters (WECs). Generally, rubber has the ability to withstand very large strains without permanent deformation or fracture and is not much affected by exposure to water. This makes it ideal for applications related to wave energy converter (WECs). However, there is a need to predict the efficiency of performance over the full lifetime of such an application given that WECs will represent large, expensive and novel products that must remain operational in an at-sea environment for 10-15 years. Pertaining to that criterion, fracture mechanics of rubber is an important aspect as well as strain-history and environmental effects. The objective of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of several factors that contribute to service lifetime: the effect of ozone and oxidation, stress-strain behaviour including hysteresis, set, and cyclic stress relaxation, mechanical fatigue and the possible role of poorly dispersed filler agglomerates in nucleating failure. The work includes studies of the effect of protective coating layers and of naturally aged rubber artefacts using a mathematical model for diffusion limited oxidation. A literature review has been performed to address rubber science and associated technology, including, the durability of rubber. Experiments encompassing the effect of ozone, cyclic stress-strain behaviour and crack growth & fatigue of rubber were performed to interpret the relevant properties for the consideration of the development of wave energy converters. New parameters for characterizing macro dispersion in rubber are introduced in an attempt to seek a correlation with the life span of rubbers. All these observations and outcomes give an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the factors that determine long-term mechanical properties of rubber, to the general benefit of rubber science and technology.
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Osiroff, Ricardo. "Long term behavior of Arall laminates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45888.
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<p>The behavior of ARALL (ARamid ALuminum Laminates) subjected to
tensionâ tension cyclic loading was experimentally investigated as a
first step towards the understanding of the fatigue damage mechanisms
in Arall laminates, and the relationships between damage and stiffness
change, remaining strength and life.</p><br>Master of Science
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Alotaibi, Sultan. "3GPP Long Term Evolution LTE Scheduling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc490046/.
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Future generation cellular networks are expected to deliver an omnipresent broadband access network for an endlessly increasing number of subscribers. Long term Evolution (LTE) represents a significant milestone towards wireless networks known as 4G cellular networks. A key feature of LTE is the implementation of enhanced Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanism to improve the system performance. The structure of LTE networks was simplified by diminishing the number of the nodes of the core network. Also, the design of the radio protocol architecture is quite unique. In order to achieve high data rate in LTE, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has selected Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as an appropriate scheme in terms of downlinks. However, the proper scheme for an uplink is the Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Multiple Access due to the peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) constraint. LTE packet scheduling plays a primary role as part of RRM to improve the system’s data rate as well as supporting various QoS requirements of mobile services. The major function of the LTE packet scheduler is to assign Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) to mobile User Equipment (UE). In our work, we formed a proposed packet scheduler algorithm. The proposed scheduler algorithm acts based on the number of UEs attached to the eNodeB. To evaluate the proposed scheduler algorithm, we assumed two different scenarios based on a number of UEs. When the number of UE is lower than the number of PRBs, the UEs with highest Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) will be assigned PRBs. Otherwise, the scheduler will assign PRBs based on a given proportional fairness metric. The eNodeB’s throughput is increased when the proposed algorithm was implemented.
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Crawford, Danielle Ana. "Estimating Long Term Equity Implied Volatility." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31366.
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Estimating and extrapolating long term equity implied volatilities is of importance in the investment and insurance industry, where ’long term’ refers to periods of ten to thirty years. Market-consistent calibration is difficult to perform in the South African market due to lack of long term liquid tradable derivatives. In this case, practitioners have to estimate the implied volatility surface across a range of expiries and moneyness levels. A detailed evaluation is performed for different estimation techniques to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each of the models. The estimation techniques considered include statistical and time-series techniques, non-parametric techniques and three potential methods which use the local volatility model.
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McCaughan, Jennifer A. "Long term outcomes in kidney transplantation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695667.
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Kidney transplantation is a life transforming procedure which substantially improves the quality and quantity of life of individuals with end stage renal disease. The short term outcomes following kidney transplantation are now excellent but recipients continue to experience significant long term morbidity. This thesis investigates the clinical, genetic and epigenetic factors which influence long term graft and recipient outcomes after kidney transplantation with a particular focus on the major, life limiting complications. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of DNA methylation and single nucleotide polymorphisms in a candidate gene on death censored graft survival. In addition, the possibility of anticipating death censored graft survival from a recipients clinical course is explored. In Chapter 4, DNA methylation signatures associated with recipient survival and cardiovascular disease are investigated long with the genetic basis of new onset diabetes after transplantation and the national incidence of non melanoma skin cancer. Chapter 5 focuses on topical issues in kidney transplantation; the impact of obesity on graft and recipient outcomes and of graft failure on recipient survival are studied. Finally I the characteristics and clinical course of recipients with ultra long term graft survival are described in Chapter 6.
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Galway, Alison. "Commitment in long term cohabiting couples." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020351/.
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Ott, Lionel. "Unsupervised learning for long-term autonomy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13334.
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This thesis investigates methods to enable a robot to build and maintain an environment model in an automatic manner. Such capabilities are especially important in long-term autonomy, where robots operate for extended periods of time without human intervention. In such scenarios we can no longer assume that the environment and the models will remain static. Rather changes are expected and the robot needs to adapt to the new, unseen, circumstances automatically. The approach described in this thesis is based on clustering the robot’s sensing information. This provides a compact representation of the data which can be updated as more information becomes available. The work builds on affinity propagation (Frey and Dueck, 2007), a recent clustering method which obtains high quality clusters while only requiring similarities between pairs of points, and importantly, selecting the number of clusters automatically. This is essential for real autonomy as we typically do not know “a priori” how many clusters best represent the data. The contributions of this thesis a three fold. First a self-supervised method capable of learning a visual appearance model in long-term autonomy settings is presented. Secondly, affinity propagation is extended to handle multiple sensor modalities, often occurring in robotics, in a principle way. Third, a method for joint clustering and outlier selection is proposed which selects a user defined number of outlier while clustering the data. This is solved using an extension of affinity propagation as well as a Lagrangian duality approach which provides guarantees on the optimality of the solution.
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Fattah, Sheik Mohammad Mostakim. "Long-term IaaS Cloud Service Selection." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26947.
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There are two primary subscription models for IaaS cloud services: a) pay-as-you and b) reservation. Reservation-based subscriptions are typically offered for a long-term period such as 1 to 3 years. Long-term subscriptions are typically cost-efficient than short-term subscriptions for consumers who need services for a long-term period. Large organizations such as airline companies, banks, and research institutes tend to utilize IaaS services on a long-term basis for economic reasons. The performance of IaaS services is a key criterion to consider when selecting a service for a long-term. Selecting a service that may exhibit poor performance in the future may cause a significant loss of revenue for a business organization. Most IaaS providers, however, are reluctant to provide detailed information about their long-term service performance. This research aims at developing a long-term IaaS cloud service selection framework where IaaS providers reveal limited performance information about their services. First, we propose a novel framework to find the closest match of IaaS cloud service according to a consumer's long-term QoS requirements. The proposed framework leverages free short-term trials to discover the unknown QoS performance information. A temporal skyline-based filtering method is proposed to select candidate services for short-term trials. A novel cooperative long-term QoS prediction approach is introduced that utilizes past trial experiences of similar consumers using a workload replay technique. We propose a new trial workload generation model that estimates a provider's long-term performance in the absence of past trial experiences. The confidence of the prediction is measured based on the trial experience of the consumer. Next, we propose a new long-term IaaS cloud service selection framework that utilizes a consumer's trial experience and the performance fingerprints of IaaS cloud services for the long-term selection. We design a novel equivalence partitioning-based trial strategy to discover the unknown QoS performance variability of IaaS cloud services. A trial experience transformation method is proposed to estimate the long-term performance of an IaaS cloud service. Next, we introduce a signature-based IaaS cloud service selection framework that leverages a new significance-based trial scheme and a signature technique to discover a service's long-term performance. Next, we propose a novel event-based change detection approach to manage changes in IaaS performance signatures. A new anomaly-based event detection technique is proposed to detect changes in long-term IaaS performance behavior over time. We then propose an IaaS performance noise model to identify noise and actual changes in IaaS performance accurately. A novel categorical signature-based approach is proposed to detect the long-term performance changes using the proposed performance noise model. Finally, we introduce a signature change detection framework that leverages a sliding window-based approach and a Signal-to-Noise ratio-based approach to detect long-term changes in IaaS performance signatures. We have conducted a set of experiments based on real-world datasets to evaluate the proposed frameworks. The proposed long-term selection framework achieved almost 92% ranking accuracy. The signature-based IaaS cloud service selection framework achieved 96% ranking accuracy. The proposed changed detection frameworks achieved up to 90% change detection accuracy.
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Goodman, Mara Lee. "Long-Term Recovery Outcomes in Aphasia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311770.
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Insel, Kathleen Collins. "Long-term retention of semantic knowledge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186576.
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Two hierarchical regressions were posed to examine the relative contribution of several predictor variables on retention test performance. The retention test encompassed content from a beginning graduate level statistics class. Cross-sectional methodology was employed to include students who had taken the course sometime during a twenty-two year interval. This study had a unique opportunity to examine long term remembering in an ecological setting where the content area and the teaching had been stable. Grade, from the original course, was the strongest predictor in both hierarchical models. Other independent variables which had significant impact on retention test performance were number of continuing classes in statistics and number of classes in research design and methodology. Rehearsal frequency as well as rehearsal recency were significant predictors. The level of original learning and what one does during the retention interval are more important than the length of the interval itself. The effect of spaced vs. mass practice, as defined by the length of the acquisition interval, was examined. Subjects who took the course over a 15 week semester session outperformed subjects who had the 5 week summer session. In this study, the rate of decline was affected by the subject's age at the time of the retention test. This indicates increasingly rapid forgetting during adult development and has implications for the maintenance of marginal knowledge.
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Shatto, Rachel Renee, and Mara Goodman. "Long-Term Recovery Outcomes in Aphasia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297761.
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Aphasia is an acquired language impairment associated with damage to the language-dominant hemisphere. In this study, aphasia recovery outcomes were examined from 73 individuals who participated in aphasia treatment over extended periods of time. Aphasia quotient (AQ) scores attained from the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) were used as measurement of language change as well as classification of severity for all individuals. Across all participants, language performance improved an average of +5.62 AQ points over about four years. The slope of the recovery curve for the entire population was positive and significant. When participants were examined relative to aphasia severity, those in the moderate category showed the most improvement over time with an average increase of 11.68 AQ points. Age at the time of aphasia onset was a significant predictor of improvement in language performance as measured by the WAB, suggesting that younger individuals have a better prognosis for continued improvement over the years following the event. The findings from the study indicated that many individuals continue to improve even at relatively long times post onset, and that significant language gains can be made regardless of the amount of time passed, especially when the recovery process is not complicated by the effects of advanced age.
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Riva, Federico. "Dividend portfolios and long-term investing." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17307.
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Previous issue date: 2016<br>The size of mutual funds throughout the world reached $33.4 trillion in terms of assets under management in 2015. Part of these funds is invested directly or on behalf of private investors whose aim is to secure their future financial wealth. I have been following a stream of literature from the 1980’s that focuses on the relation between dividends stability and returns for equities. A recent research analyzes the benefits of maximizing returns from income such as dividend-paying stocks and coupon-bearing bonds in the attempt of improving the performance of the portfolio. The theory is that focusing on stable dividend-paying stocks, the investor is able to gain exposure to healthy and prosperous firms. Ultimately, this should provide the investor with a smaller exposure to risk thanks to a constant stream of cash flows from dividends. This strategy would be beneficial to highly risk-averse investors.<br>O tamanho de fundos mútuos ao redor do mundo alcançou $33.4 trilhões em termos de AUM em 2015. Parte destes fundos é investida diretamente ou em nome de investidores privados cujo objetivo é preserver a riqueza financeira futura deles/delas. Eu procurei referências literárias desde 1980 que foca na relação entre a estabilidade de dividendos e os lucros para ações ordinárias. Uma recente pesquisa analisa os benefícios de maximizar lucros de renda como ações com dividendos e tÍtulos com cupom na tentativa de melhorar o desempenho da carteira. A teoria é aquela enfocação em ações com dividendos estáveis, o investidor pode ganhar exposição a empresas saudáveis e prósperas. No final das contas, isto deveria proporcionar o investidor uma menor exposição a risco graças à estabilidade nos fluxos provenientes de dividendos. Essa estratégia seria benéfica a investidores com uma alta aversão ao risco.
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Olson, Julius, and Emma Södergren. "Long Term Memory in Conversational Robots." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260316.
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This study discusses an implementation of a long term memory in the robot Furhat. The idea was to find a way to prevent identical and very similar questions from being asked several times and to store the information of which questions have already been asked in a document database. The project encompasses tf-idf, as well as a small-scale test with Word2Vec, to find a vector representation of all questions from Furhat’s database and then clustering these questions with the k-means method. The tests resulted in high scores on all the evaluation metrics used, which is promising for implementation into the actual Furhat robot, as well as further research on similar implementations of long term memory functions in chatbots.<br>I denna rapport behandlas implementeringen av ett långtidsminne i roboten Furhat. Idén bakom detta minne var att hindra roboten från att vara repetitiv och ställa allt för likartade eller identiska frågor till en konversationspartner. Projektet inkluderar användandet av tf-idf, samt inledande försök med word2vec i skapandet av vektorrepresentationer av dialogsystemets frågor, samt klustring av dessa representationer med algoritmen k-means. De genomförda testerna renderade goda resultat, vilket är lovande för implementering av en liknande mekanism i Furhats dialogsystem samt för framtida forskning inom långtidsminnesfunktionalitet i chatbots i allmänhet.
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Lloyd, R., Jon L. Oliver, J. Moody, R. W. Myers, and Michael H. Stone. "Long-term Development of Youth Weightlifting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4671.
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Cavicchia, Leone <1982>. "A long-term climatology of medicanes." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2242.
Full textAbstract:
Medicanes, strong mesoscale cyclones with tropical-like features (axis-symmetry, a warm core, a cloud-free eye surrounded by a spiral-shaped cloud cover, winds up to the hurricane speed), are known to develop occasionally over the Mediterranean Sea.
Medicanes are considered rare phenomena, the number of observed cases documented in the literature is around ten.
However, due to the scarcity of observations over sea and the coarse resolution of the long-term reanalysis datasets, it is difficult to construct homogeneous statistics of the formation of medicanes.
In this thesis, using an approach based on the dynamical downscaling of global reanalyses, the statistical properties of medicanes (annual cycle, decadal and interannual variability, geographical distribution, trends) over the last six decades are studied in a systematic way, and the linkage between the frequency of medicanes formation and synoptic patterns is investigated
Applying the same downscaling procedure on the atmospheric fields produced by a global model forced with future climate scenarios greenhouse gas concentration, the impact of climate change on the statistics of medicanes is estimated.