Academic literature on the topic 'Long term goal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Long term goal":
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Rifai, Ahmed K., and Joseph O. Pecenka. "Goal achievement through goal programming: Short versus long term." Engineering Costs and Production Economics 10, no. 2 (June 1986): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-188x(86)90009-1.
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Rifai, Ahmed K., and Joseph O. Pecenka. "Goal achievement through goal programming: Short versus long term." Engineering Costs and Production Economics 10, no. 1 (March 1986): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-188x(86)90036-4.
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Tenenbaum, Gershon, Saadia Pinchas, Gabi Elbaz, Michael Bar-Eli, and Robert Weinberg. "Effect of Goal Proximity and Goal Specificity on Muscular Endurance Performance: A Replication and Extension." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 13, no. 2 (June 1991): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.2.174.
Abstract:
The purpose of the present investigation was to extend the literature on the relationship between goal specificity, goal proximity, and performance by using high school students and attempting to control for the effects of social comparison. Subjects (N=214) in Experiment 1 were randomly assigned to one of five goal-setting conditions: (a) short-term goals, (b) long-term goals, (c) short- plus long-term goals,(d) do-your-best goals, and (e) no goals. After a 3-week baseline period, subjects were tested once a week on the 3-minute sit-up over the course of the 10-week experimental period. Results indicated that the short- plus long-term group exhibited the greatest increase in performance although the short-term and long-term groups also displayed significant improvements. In Experiment 2, a short- plus long-term group was compared against a do-your-best group. Results again revealed a significant improvement in performance for the combination-goal group whereas the do-your-best group did not display any improvement.
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Gore, Jonathan S., and Susan E. Cross. "Pursuing goals for us: Relationally autonomous reasons in long-term goal pursuit." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90, no. 5 (2006): 848–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.848.
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Woolley, Kaitlin, and Ayelet Fishbach. "Immediate Rewards Predict Adherence to Long-Term Goals." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216676480.
Abstract:
People primarily pursue long-term goals, such as exercising, to receive delayed rewards (e.g., improved health). However, we find that the presence of immediate rewards is a stronger predictor of persistence in goal-related activities than the presence of delayed rewards. Specifically, immediate rewards (e.g., enjoyment) predicted current persistence at New Year’s resolutions whereas delayed rewards did not (Study 1). Furthermore, immediate rewards predicted persistence in a single session of studying and exercising whereas delayed rewards did not, even though people report primarily pursuing these activities for delayed rewards (Studies 2 and 3). This is true for both short (1 week) and long (3 month) time frames (Study 4), and regardless of whether anticipated or materialized rewards are assessed (Study 5). Overall, whereas delayed rewards may motivate goal setting and the intentions to pursue long-term goals, a meta-analysis of our studies finds that immediate rewards are more strongly associated with actual persistence in a long-term goal.
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Weinberg, Robert, Lawrence Bruya, and Allen Jackson. "The Effects of Goal Proximity and Goal Specificity on Endurance Performance." Journal of Sport Psychology 7, no. 3 (September 1985): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.7.3.296.
Abstract:
The purpose of the present investigation was twofold: to determine if subjects who set specific difficult goals perform significantly better than those who set "do your best" goals, and to examine the importance of goal proximity on the performance of the 3-minute sit-up test. Two experiments were conducted, and subjects (N = 96) in both were matched on ability and then randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: (a) short-term goals, (b) long-term goals, (c) short-term plus long-term goals, and (d) "do your best" goals. They were tested once a week for either 5 weeks (Experiment 1) or 3 weeks (Experiment 2). Subjects in the short-term goal condition had weekly sit-up goals, whereas those in the long-term goal condition had only an end goal Performance results from both experiments revealed no significant between-group difference. Questionnaire data indicated that all subjects tried hard, were committed to their goals, and were ego-involved. Manipulation checks revealed, however, that subjects from all conditions were setting their own goals in addition to their experimenter-set goal. Other possible explanations for the lack of differences are couched in the nature of the subject population and the nature of the task.
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Hilmer, Frederick G. "Implementing a Long-Term Goal: Lessons from Business." Australian Quarterly 66, no. 2 (1994): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635771.
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Marwick, C. "Health plan accountability still a long-term goal." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 276, no. 1 (July 3, 1996): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.276.1.10.
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Marwick, Charles. "Health Plan Accountability Still a Long-term Goal." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 276, no. 1 (July 3, 1996): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540010012005.
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Sun, Greg. "Exploring the use of goal proximity by Olympic athletes: A preliminary study." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 9, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijpefs2033.
Abstract:
An athlete’s 4-year Olympic preparation cycle requires systematic planning involving the use of short- and long-term goals. These goals provide athletes with increased motivation, persistence, effort and direction in their goal pursuit. Short-term goals can be viewed as steppingstones towards the long-term goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the use of short- and long-term goals by Olympic athletes. A qualitative design was used, with semi-structured interviews as the major data source. Participants were purposefully sampled from a typically understudied sports population. Four male Olympians, representing swimming and athletics, shared their experiences about how and why they set and used short- and long-term goals. The athletes spent an average of 11.3 years training and competing at the elite level. Findings revealed that winning a national championship and competing at the Olympic Games were their major long-term goals. Furthermore, these goals did not change during their athletic career. Short-term goals were primarily set to learn, develop and improve their skills/techniques that would allow them to reach their ultimate goals. Major competitive events (e.g. national championships, Pan Am Games, Olympic Games) dictated how they planned these goals. The findings also support previous research suggesting the use of both short and long-term goals. Coaches and young athletes can use the information provided to plan their sports goals. Future research should investigate the goal setting practices of team versus individual sport Olympic athletes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long term goal":
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Baard, Patrik. "Sustainable Goals : Feasible Paths to Desirable Long-Term Futures." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144917.
Abstract:
The general aim of this licentiate thesis is to analyze the framework in which long-term goals are set and subsequently achieved. It is often claimed that goals should be realistic, meaning that they should be adjusted to known abilities. This thesis will argue that this might be very difficult in areas related to sustainable development and climate change adaptation, and that goals that are, to an acceptable degree, unrealistic, can have important functions. Essay I discusses long-term goal setting. When there is a great temporal discrepancy between the point in time of setting and achieving a goal, many uncertainties have to be considered. The surrounding world and the agent’s abilities and values might change. This is an ontological uncertainty. We often form beliefs regarding how abilities and values might change, but this belief is always uncertain. This is an epistemological uncertainty. A form of goal called cautiously utopian goals is proposed, which incorporate such uncertainties, but enables goal setting with long time-frames. Essay II discusses the issue of goals intended to reduce great risks. We cannot expect an agent to do something that lies beyond this agent’s abilities, as exemplified in the principle ‘ought implies can’. Adjusting goals to what we currently, with a high degree of certainty know could be done is difficult. If not including an estimation of how abilities can change, important performance-enhancing functions of goals might be lost. It is argued that very ambitious goals should be set. This is partly due to the great magnitude and likelihood of unwanted consequences and partly due to the difficulty of delineating what lies in agents’ capacity to manage complex risks. Essay III discusses a decision-facilitating tool Sustainability Analysis to be used by Swedish municipal planners. One sub-part of the tool, Goal Conflict Analysis, can be used to identify how the consequences of a planned adaptation measure will affect other long-term municipal goals. Identified goal conflicts can then be used in order to determine whether the conflicts are acceptable, or whether a different adaptation measure should be worked out. The paper discusses a workshop in a Swedish municipality in which the tool has been tested.QC 20140505
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Hughes, Stephen John Douglas. "Self-management support and goal setting in group programmes for long term conditions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20738.
Abstract:
Long-term conditions (LTCs) exert a significant burden on individuals, communities, healthcare systems and society. Health systems are placing an increasing focus on support for patient self-management. The literature on LTCs shows the broad and interconnected medical, emotional and social impacts of living with LTCs. This research has informed contemporary LTC self-management support policies which emphasise that the provision of support for self-management should take into consideration and give equal importance to the range of medical, social and emotional aspects of living with LTCs. These policies also emphasise that support for self-management be focused on patient defined goals for what patients see as relevant and meaningful for them in daily living and as such, they promote goal setting as a tool for health professionals providing self-management support. However, research shows that health professionals providing self-management support have tended to prioritise goals focused on the medical management and clinical outcomes over the goal preferences of patients with LTCs. This suggests that there may be a misalignment between the self-management goals that matter to individuals and those focused on by health professionals and healthcare systems when supporting patients to achieve these goals. Group programmes led by health professionals are a common healthcare approach to supporting LTC self-management. Groups provide opportunities for self-management support from both health professionals facilitating programmes and from peers (other participants in groups). Yet, there is still little known about how self-management support is interpreted, enacted and valued within group programmes by group facilitators and group participants, what role goals play in group programmes for self-management, and how facilitators and participants engage with goal setting. Research investigating the experiences of facilitators and participants of self-management support in health professional led group programmes remains sparse, especially in the Australian healthcare setting. To address these key research gaps, this thesis aims to: 1) to review the literature on the experiences of participants and facilitators of self-management group programmes; 2) to investigate how health professional facilitators conceptualise self- management support provided in group programmes; 3) to explore the support participants receive in group programmes, and how they perceive it; and 4) to examine how both facilitators and participants perceive and engage with goal setting elements of group self- management programmes. This doctoral work is conducted as part of a larger project, funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant (DP150101406), titled: ‘How do people with chronic conditions and their healthcare providers negotiate the self-management imperative?’ This thesis focuses on one part of this project: self-management support provided in group programmes. This qualitative study was conducted in NSW, Australia between 2015 and 2017. Six diverse self- management support group programmes (for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type 2 diabetes and obesity) were included in the study. To investigate the experiences of participants and facilitators of group programmes for the self-management of LTCs a systematic review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature was conducted (paper 1, Chapter 2). The findings revealed little in-depth exploration of the experiences of facilitating or participating in group programmes. Group participants valued being with similar others and perceived peer support benefits. Facilitators had limited group specific training, were uncertain of purpose and prioritised education and medical conformity over supportive group processes and the promotion of self-management agency and engagement. Overall, the studies prioritised positive descriptions. In paper two (Chapter 3) we sought to provide a more in-depth investigation of the perspective of health professional facilitators providing self-management support in group programmes (n=13) across the six study programmes . The aims of the paper were to explore how group facilitators conceptualise self-management support in a group programme, their experiences of facilitating, their perception of their role and the challenges they identified. We found that facilitators viewed the group programmes as responses to health system pressures, for example, high patient demand. They focussed on providing education and instruction on physical health, risks and lifestyle behaviour change, and emphasised self- responsibility for behaviour change whilst minimising goal setting and support amongst group participants. There were tensions between facilitators’ perceptions of their professional identity and group leader roles. In paper three we explored the experience of the group participants (n=20) and what support they receive and perceive in health professional-led self-management support group programmes (Chapter 4). We aimed to identify the different types of support that group participants in self-management support group programmes receive and exchange between both facilitators and peers, and how they value this support. We found that participants identified receiving information and emotional support from both facilitators and other participants as complementary yet distinct. Facilitators’ support came from professional training and other participants’ support reflected the contextual, lived experience of LTCs. Professional interactions were prioritised, constraining opportunities for participant- participant support to be received and exchanged. In paper four we examined how health professional facilitators and their group participants perceived and engaged with the goal setting activities in the group programmes (Chapter 5). The aims of the study were to examine the experiences of both patients and health professional facilitators regarding goal setting, what goals participants have, and howfacilitators and participants talk about their experiences of, and engagement with, goal setting in programmes. We found that participants have personal and meaningful biomedical, social and emotional goals. Facilitators believe these goals to be important and perceive them as integral to increasing motivation and self-responsibility. Despite participants having social and emotional goals, facilitators work to shape participants’ goals into pre-determined health behaviour change activities, disregarding social and emotional aspects. Participant disengagement from the goal setting process and questioning of the value of goal setting was evident. Conclusion The research reported in this thesis provides empirical evidence of how self-management support in group programmes led by health professional facilitators is perceived and engaged with in practice. Health professional facilitators of group self-management support programmes prioritise education and instruction over broader medical, social and emotional aspects of self-management that are important for people with LTCs. The thesis also reveals there is a disconnect between health professional facilitators and group participants in how they experience and what they value for self-management in groups. Our findings show that participants value support from the other participants in the group as well as from health professional facilitators. Importantly, they also valued support that is inclusive of their social and emotional lives as well as medical support. This has important implications for practice and how self-management support could be achieved in groups to better meet the needs of people with LTCs. A conceptual change is required for health professionals to meet the self- management support ideals articulated in policy. This change could begin by conducting goal setting in a manner more broadly inclusive of patient preference, and therefore more likely to be engaged with. These findings have important implications for policy and practice. In particular it suggests that changes may be needed at the system and policy levels to ensure better accountability of health professionals providing self-management support. Achieving practice change will be challenging due to, for example, the ways in which healthcare professionals are educated, trained and socialised and the system constraints within which they are working. Future research is needed to consider how health professionals are able to provide self-management support in group programmes that does more than reinforce medical information, instruction and behavioural norms.
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King, Madeline. "Continuity of Care for Older Adults in a Long-Term Care Setting." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40914.
Abstract:
In Ontario, the population of older adults is increasing. While the provincial government is taking action to address increasing demand on health systems, older adults are still suffering the consequences of a health system that is not able to meet their complex care needs. Older adults face barriers to continuity of care including difficulties with memory, reliance on informal caregivers, frailty, and difficulties scheduling appointments. These barriers also exist within the long-term care setting. Long-term care facilities are making efforts to provide more effective care, including designing care approaches aimed to meet the complex care needs of older adults. Aspects of a goal-oriented approach suggest that it has the potential to reduce fragmentation and positively impacting continuity of care. However, the impact of goal-oriented care on continuity of care in a long-term care setting has yet to be explored. This thesis uses an exploratory case study methodology to describe how a goal-oriented care approach influenced continuity of care in a long-term care setting, as perceived by residents, staff, and administrators. The case study setting is the Perley & Rideau Veterans Health Centre in Ottawa, Ontario, where the SeeMe program, a frailty-informed approach with a goal-oriented component, was recently introduced. Factors associated with the SeeMe program and other organizational factors perceived to facilitate and inhibit informational, relational and management continuity were identified. Aspects of the SeeMe program that facilitated informational continuity were: goals-of-care meetings with residents, their care team and family; care conferences that helped residents understand their care options; and, procedures that ensured consistency in where resident’s goal information is stored. Aspects that facilitated relational continuity were: understanding residents’ values and preferences; staff increasing awareness of the program for families; and, integration of the family perspective into a resident’s care. Program aspects that facilitated management continuity were: discussions that led to informed decision-making; use of assessments as a reference tool in the case of an acute health event; discussions that empowered residents to talk to external care providers; and, creation of a structure that facilitated consistencies in care. These factors can be targeted when designing care approaches aimed to improve continuity in long-term care settings.
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Wack, Stephanie. "Using a Goal-Setting and Feedback Procedure to Increase Running Distance." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4247.
Abstract:
Goal-setting procedures have been employed in many different sports, and have been shown to be a beneficial component for enhancing sports performance. For this study, a changing-criterion within multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate a multi-component intervention for increasing running distance for five healthy adults. The intervention consisted of goal setting with performance feedback. Participants set a short-term goal each week and a long-term goal to achieve upon completion of the study. The study incorporated the use of the NikeTM + SportKit for automated recording of the distance of each run. Results of the current study demonstrated for all participants that goal setting and performance feedback was an effective method to enhance sports performance for individuals wanting to increase their running distance.
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Spokes, Tara. "Ageing and Cognitive Inhibition: An ERP analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365459.
Abstract:
Impaired cognitive inhibition is one of a number of changes in cognitive functioning that are associated with healthy ageing. Cognitive inhibition is the ability to suppress or withhold some cognitive process and includes the ability to block out distracting information. Successful cognitive inhibition underlies improved performance on a range of executive functions including problem solving, long-term planning and goal-directed behaviour (Darowski, Helder, Zacks, Hasher, & Hambrick, 2008). One theory posits that age-related deficits in cognitive inhibition may underlie general cognitive decline associated with older adults (Hasher & Zacks, 1988; Hasher, Zacks, & Rahhal, 1999). Previous behavioural studies have found that automatic, or unintentional cognitive inhibition is preserved with age while controlled, intentional cognitive inhibition is impaired in older adults (Collette, Germain, Hogge, & Van der Linden, 2009). In contrast, a number of neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults show less differentiation than young adults in neural processing of automatic and controlled tasks. In particular, it has been suggested that automatic tasks are processed more like controlled tasks, suggesting increased cognitive effort required to complete them (Germain & Collette, 2008).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Wang, Yihuai. "The differential impact of institutional environments on long-term goal setting and learning in an international joint venture and its Chinese state-owned parent company." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20798/.
Abstract:
Through structural social anthropology lens, this thesis explored issues of international joint venture performance measurements and parent company learning through international joint ventures in the context of the Chinese automotive industry. It was a case study of the First Automotive Work FAW, a Chinese state-owned car manufacturing group and its joint venture with German car manufacturing group Volkswagen. Its focus was on the Chinese engineers working in both companies, who are on the frontier of technology transfer and knowledge learning through their work experience of localizing imported technologies. The methodology used was qualitative, primarily interviews, historical and technological background research, participant observation and the researcher’s lived experience of the encounters. The research argues and demonstrates that complexity matters on IJV performance measurements and organizational learning studies; and calls for closer attention to individuals through structural social anthropology theories. It describes in detail the indigenous engineers and managers’ perspective of the learning experience, learning outcomes, the purposes of learning and its relationship to parent companies as independent tribes. It affirms, contends and extends current concepts of IJV performance measurements and indigenous partner learning through IJV. It presents the complexity of how the IJV and its SOE parent company values knowledge and means of learning differently and how it relates to the ecological system of SOE and its IJV. It explores the independent tribalism in FAW-VW and the sacred and profane dichotomy of FAW that had led to the ecological structure of FAW. The thesis presents the structural social anthropology theories of the solidarity, sacred and profane dichotomy and tribalism as solution to some of the issues in current international business literature. It argues that the different ecological system lead to different interpretations of goals at the SOE and IJV. A human model that is useful for a deeper understanding of IJV performance measurements and indigenous parent learning through the social anthropological lens. It also analyzes the complexity of historical and hidden factors such as SOE corruption that contributes to such phenomenon.
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Jonsson, Max, and Sorgul Ciziri. "Att fastna i socialrullen : En kvalitativ studie om långvarigt försörjningsstödsberoende." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-2248.
Abstract:
We have chosen to focus on the meaning of long-term income support dependency regarding health, goal setting and motivation for the recipient of economical aid. We have chosen to use semi structurized interviews to achieve our goal of reaching the clients experience of long-term income support dependency. The study consists of interviews of six clients whose answers have been analyzed through appliance of Kielhofner´s Model of human occupation, Scheff´s Shame in self and society. Our results show regarding, 1) the factor health that long-term income support dependency may elevate the risk of illness and less experienced options of possibilities to act. 2) regarding the factor goal setting, that goals may be inefficiently used during social work with long-term income support dependent clients and may result in a disorganized relationship between client and social worker in the sense of making the parties pull in opposite direction. 3) regarding the factor motivation, that long-term income support dependency and the living with the emotion of shame elevates the risk of maintaining a negative image of oneself that limits the willpower to assimilate new knowledge and/or skills. This also effects the clients belief in their own capacity to change their current negative situation. Which may impact the rate of success in motivational social work and the individuals own possibilities to live an independent life, free of income support. Throughout the study we have encountered the traces of shame as a social emotion and emphasize on the environments pressure for change and socialization.
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Zhang, Zhao. "Learning Path Recommendation : A Sequential Decision Process." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0108.
Abstract:
Au cours des deux dernières décennies, nous avons assisté à une adoption croissante du numérique dans le domaine de l'education. Cela est accompagné par un accroissement du nombre de ressources pédagogiques accessibles par les apprenants. Par conséquent, des systèmes de recommandation deviennent nécessaires pour aider les apprenants à trouver des ressources qui leur sont utiles. En particulier, cela inclut les systèmes de recommandation de parcours d'apprentissage qui visent par exemple à améliorer l'expérience d'apprentissage des apprenants, et notamment leur niveau de connaissance. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse se concentre sur le domaine des systèmes de recommandation de parcours d'apprentissage et sur l'évaluation de ces parcours d'apprentissage recommandés. Cette thèse propose d'aborder la tâche de recommandation comme un problème de prise de décision séquentielle et considère les processus décisionnels de Markov partiellement observables comme une approche adéquate. Dans le domaine spécifique de l'éducation, la mémoire des apprenants est un facteur très important qui doit être pris en compte, et cela a été proposé dans la littérature et utilisé pour promouvoir des recommandations liées à de la révision. Cependant, peu de travaux ont été menés pour la recommandation basée sur des POMDP, et les modèles proposés sont complexes et requièrent beaucoup de données. Cette thèse propose deux modèles de recommandation basés sur POMDP qui considèrent la mémoire des apprenants, tout en limitant la complexité et le volume de données requis. L'évaluation de la recommandation d'un parcours d'apprentissage est une tâche difficile de la littérature, qui peut être effectuée soit en ligne ou hors ligne. L'évaluation en ligne est très populaire, mais elle repose sur des recommandations effectives de parcours aux apprenants, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques si les recommandations ne sont pas de qualité. L'évaluation hors ligne repose sur des ensembles de données statiques des activités d'apprentissage des apprenants et simule les recommandations de parcours d'apprentissage. Bien que plus facile à exécuter, il est difficile de procéder à une évaluation hors ligne de l'efficacité d'une recommandation de parcours d'apprentissage avec précision. Ceci tend à justifier le manque de travaux de la littérature sur ce sujet. Pour résoudre ce problème, cette thèse propose également des mesures d'évaluation hors ligne simples. Enfin, ces algorithmes et mesures sont évaluées sur deux jeux de données réels. Nous avons montré que les algorithmes de recommandation proposés ont une qualité de recommandation supérieure à ceux de la littérature, avec une augmentation de la complexité limitée, y compris sur un jeu de données de taille moyenne. En ce qui concerne les mesures d'évaluation, nous avons montré qu'elles permettent effectivement de caractériser et de différencier les algorithmes de recommandationOver the past couple of decades, there has been an increasing adoption of Internet technology in the e-learning domain, associated with the availability of an increasing number of educational resources. Effective systems are thus needed to help learners to find useful and adequate resources, among which recommender systems play an important role. In particular, learning path recommender systems, that recommend sequences of educational resources, are highly valuable to improve learners' learning experiences. Under this context, this PhD Thesis focuses on the field of learning path recommender systems and the associated offline evaluation of these systems. This PhD Thesis views the learning path recommendation task as a sequential decision problem and considers the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) as an adequate approach. In the field of education, the learners' memory strength is a very important factor and several models of learners' memory strength have been proposed in the literature and used to promote review in recommendations. However, little work has been conducted for POMDP-based recommendations, and the models proposed are complex and data-intensive. This PhD Thesis proposes POMDP-based recommendation models that manage learners' memory strength, while limiting the increase in complexity and data required. Under the premise that recommending learners useful and effective learning paths is becoming more and more popular, the evaluation of the effectiveness these recommended learning paths is still a challenging task, that is not often addressed in the literature. Online evaluation is highly popular but it relies on the path recommendations to actual learners, which may have dramatic implications if the recommendations are not accurate. Offline evaluation relies on static datasets of learners' learning activities and simulates learning paths recommendations. Although easier to run, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of a learning path recommendation. This tends to justify the lack of literature on this topic. To tackle this issue, this PhD Thesis also proposes offline evaluation measures, that are designed to be simple to be used in most of the application cases. The recommendation models and evaluation measures the we propose are evaluated on two real learning datasets. The experiments confirm that the recommendation models proposed outperform the models from the literature, with a limited increase in complexity, including for a medium-size dataset
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Estalrich-Lopez, Juan. "Short-term operation of surface reservoirs within long-term goals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184854.
Abstract:
A stochastic dynamic programming model (called P.B.S.D.P.) based on the consideration of peak discharge and time between peaks as two stochastic variables has been used to model and to solve a reservoir operation problem. This conceptualization of the physical reality allows to solve, in this order, the tactical and strategic operation of surface reservoirs. This P.B.S.D.P. model has been applied to the Sau reservoir in the Northeastern corner of Spain. The results showed a significant improvement over the currently used operation procedure, yielding values of yearly average electricity production that are somewhat under 6% of what could have been the maximum electricity production.
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Gediehn, Oliver. "Management accounting practice and strategic behavior : on the dysfunctional effect of short-term budgetary goals on managerial long-term growth orientation." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2010. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=020217879&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
Books on the topic "Long term goal":
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Secunda, Al. The 15 second principle: Short, simple steps to achieving long-term goals. New York: Berkley Books, 1999.
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Secunda, Al. The 15-second principle: Short, simple steps to achieving long-term goals. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 2004.
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Olabisi, Oyebola. Long term goal, short term strategies: An analysis of costs, benefits, and opportunities in the West African Monetary Zone. Cambridge, Mass: John F. Kennedy School of Government, 2010.
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Bajusz, William. An all-African peace force: An immediate option or long-term goal for the region? [Washington, D.C.?]: National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
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Bajusz, William. An all-African peace force: An immediate option or long-term goal for the region? [Washington, D.C.]: National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
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Bajusz, William. An all-African peace force: An immediate option or long-term goal for the region? [Washington, D.C.?]: National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
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Bajusz, William. An all-African peace force: An immediate option or long-term goal for the region? [Washington, D.C.]: National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
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Bajusz, William D. An all-African peace force: An immediate option or long-term goal for the region? [Washington, D.C.?]: National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1996.
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Sironi, Paolo. Modern portfolio management: From Markowitz to probabilistic scenario optimisation : goal-based and long-term portfolio choice. London: Risk Books, 2015.
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Office, General Accounting. IRS telephone assistance: Quality of service mixed in the 2000 filing season and below IRS' long-term goal : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.
Book chapters on the topic "Long term goal":
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Caplan, Rochelle, Julia Doss, Sigita Plioplys, and Jana E. Jones. "Child Long-Term Treatment Goal 2: Identify Stressors." In Pediatric Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, 63–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55122-7_6.
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Caplan, Rochelle, Julia Doss, Sigita Plioplys, and Jana E. Jones. "Child Long-Term Treatment Goal 5: Problem-Solve." In Pediatric Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, 107–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55122-7_9.
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Ahn, Junghyun, Stéphane Gobron, Quentin Silvestre, Horesh Ben Shitrit, Mirko Raca, Julien Pettré, Daniel Thalmann, Pascal Fua, and Ronan Boulic. "Long Term Real Trajectory Reuse through Region Goal Satisfaction." In Motion in Games, 412–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25090-3_35.
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Guimond, Serge, and Armelle Nugier. "Blueprint for a Long-Term Goal: Prevention of Political Violence." In Peace Psychology Book Series, 93–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46254-2_7.
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Caplan, Rochelle, Julia Doss, Sigita Plioplys, and Jana E. Jones. "Child Long-Term Treatment Goal 3: Verbalize Emotions Associated with Stressors." In Pediatric Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, 79–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55122-7_7.
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Caplan, Rochelle, Julia Doss, Sigita Plioplys, and Jana E. Jones. "Child Long-Term Treatment Goal 4: Connect Negative Emotions with NES Symptoms." In Pediatric Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, 91–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55122-7_8.
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Zhu, Dandan, Yusuke Fukazawa, Eleftherios Karapetsas, and Jun Ota. "Long-Term Goal Discovery in the Twitter Posts through the Word-Pair LDA Model." In Advances in Natural Language Processing, 262–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33983-7_26.
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Ceschi, Andrea, Francesco Tommasi, Arianna Costantini, Giorgia Malavasi, Stephan Dickert, and Riccardo Sartori. "A “GRRR” Goal Orientation Process-Model: Workplace Long-Term Relationships Among Grit, Resilience and Recovery." In Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Grit, 17–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57389-8_2.
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Dobler, Jean-Pierre. "Is the Balancing of the World Newbuilding Market on the Long Term a Goal out of Reach?" In Current Issues in Maritime Economics, 85–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8153-0_7.
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Pal, Bijay Baran, Subhendu Bikash Goswami, Shyamal Sen, and Durga Banerjee. "Using Fuzzy Goal Programming for Long-Term Water Resource Allocation Planning in Agricultural System: A Case Study." In Mathematical Modelling and Scientific Computation, 170–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28926-2_18.
Conference papers on the topic "Long term goal":
1
Hossein Nabizadeh, Amir, Alípio Mário Jorge, and José Paulo Leal. "Long Term Goal Oriented Recommender Systems." In 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005493505520557.
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Tran, Hung, Vuong Le, and Truyen Tran. "Goal-driven Long-Term Trajectory Prediction." In 2021 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv48630.2021.00084.
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Gilmour, Bill, Grant Niccum, and Tom O'Donnell. "Field resident AUV systems — Chevron's long-term goal for AUV development." In 2012 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/auv.2012.6380718.
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Vigil, Martín A. G., and Ricardo Felipe Custódio. "Cleaning up the PKI for Long-Term Signatures." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbseg.2012.20542.
Abstract:
In this paper we present a new approach for the conventional X.509 Public Key Infrastructures (PKI). Our goal is to reduce the effort to handle signatures in the long term. The novelty is that a Root CA reissues subordinate certificates of final users, but adjusting validity periods to exclude the periods after a revocation. The Root CA also authenticates timestamps. The result is the cleaned PKI, which is simpler than the conventional PKI because: a) there is no revocation; b) there is no intermediary Certification Authority; c) signatures are trustworthy as long as the used cryptographic algorithms remain secure. As benefits, we reduce the need of timestamps and consequently the demand for storage space and processing time to use signed documents.
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Hsiao Chieh Yen, Han Pang Huang, and Shu Yun Chung. "Goal-directed pedestrian model for long-term motion prediction with application to robot motion planning." In 2008 IEEE Workshop on Advanced robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2008.4653604.
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Hölter, Erich. "Time Horizon in German Management: Goal-Orientated Helix." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/hrzh8825.
Abstract:
Business Planning can be viewed either from a long-term orientated perspective as strategic planning or from a short-term orientated perspective as operative planning. For both levels of planning, the factor of time is crucial with respect to a process-related analysis. This is especially captured in the four approaches to a continuous improvement process focusing on employees, on costs, on time, or on quality.
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M. Q. Silva, Fernanda, Igor A. Pires, and Thales A. C. Maia. "A Long Term Evaluation of Photovoltaic Systems under Power Quality Problems." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1626.
Abstract:
This paper presents an analysis of a working solar power plant in regards to power quality problem. Instead of focusing on power quality problems that can arise in the grid due to the connection to a photovoltaic power plant, the focus of this paper will be the devices of the power plant. The goal is to understand the impact of power quality events in them, particularly inverters, regardless of their origins - the main grid or the photovoltaic generation. This paper analyzes more than 100 voltage sag events and 30 voltage swell events detected during the operation. It also verifies measurement of voltage THD of approximately 2.2% against IEEE and ICE standards.
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Ledebrink, F. W., and P. Faber. "Conditioning of Plutonium Waste for Long-Term Interim Storage." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1120.
Abstract:
Abstract In the period since Germany’s experimental final repository ASSE was closed in 1978, around 5000 drums of conditioned plutonium-bearing radioactive waste from mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication have accumulated in the interim storage facilities of Siemens AG’s MOX fuel fabrication plant in Hanau, Germany — formerly ALKEM GmbH, now Siemens Decommissioning Projects (Siemens DP). Another 5000 drums will arise in the course of decommissioning and dismantling the MOX plant which has now been underway for some months. Hopes that a final waste repository would soon be able to go into operation in Germany have remained unfulfilled over the last 20 years. Also, the agreements reached between Germany’s electric utilities and the Federal Government regarding the future of nuclear energy have not led to any further progress in connection with the issue of radwaste disposal. A concrete date for a final repository to start operation has still not been set. The German Federal Government estimates that a geologic repository will not be needed for at least another 30 years. Since the opening of a final storage facility is not foreseeable in the near term, Siemens is taking the necessary steps to enable radwaste to be safely stored in aboveground interim storage facilities for a prolonged period of time. Conditioning of radwaste from MOX fuel fabrication by cementing it in drums was started in 1984 in the belief — which was justified at that time — that final storage at the Konrad mine would be possible as of 1995. The quality requirements specified for the waste drums were therefore based on the Konrad acceptance criteria. The operating license for the storage facilities at Hanau at which these drums are presently in interim storage is limited to 20 years and will be expiring in 2004. The drums have not suffered any corrosion to date and, according to past experience, are not expected to do so in the future. However, permission to keep the drums in interim storage for a longer period of time in their current form would be extremely difficult to obtain as their corrosion resistance would have to be demonstrated for a further 30 years. The present goal is therefore to create a waste form suitable for interim storage which needs no maintenance over a long-term period, incorporates state-of-the-art technology and will probably not require any further treatment of the waste packages prior to emplacement in a final storage facility. At the same time, the highest possible degree of safety must be assured for the time during which the waste remains in interim storage. This goal can be attained by conditioning the drums such that they satisfy the requirements currently specified for final storage at the Konrad repository (1). In practice, this means immobilizing the cemented waste drums in concrete inside steel “Konrad Containers” (KCs). The KCs themselves and the concrete backfill represent two further barriers which not only serve as radiation shielding but also protect the drums against corrosion as well as any possible release of radioactive materials in the event of accidents occurring during interim storage. As the KCs are cuboid in shape, they can be stacked in space-saving configurations and are thus particularly suitable for interim storage. Also, due to their extremely heavy weight, theft of the waste packages can be practically ruled out. Despite the fact that the agreements with the German Federal Government have failed to bring opening of the Konrad repository within reach, it is nevertheless a good idea today to condition radwaste in a manner that renders it suitable for ultimate storage there. The agreements between the Government and the utilities are expected at least to result in a land use permit being issued for the Konrad mine before the end of 2001. At present there are no facts known that could cause the safety of this facility to be questioned. Only recently, Germany’s International Nuclear Technology Commission (ILK) confirmed Konrad’s suitability and demanded that it be placed in operation without further delay (2). Even if its operation should, in fact, be blocked by political lobbies, potential legal action or economic considerations, the alternative repository at Gorleben could possibly become operable in approximately 30 years’ time. Gorleben was planned right from the start to be able to accommodate waste packages based on the Konrad acceptance criteria. This means that any waste packages designed for storage at Konrad could likewise be handled and stored at Gorleben. The processes used by Siemens for conditioning of radwaste conform to the recommendations of the “Guidelines for the Control of radioactive Waste with negligible Heat Generation” issued by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) in 1989 (3).
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Carvalhal, Andre, and Jose Sanchez Filho. "Analysis of the long-term effects of the voluntary bid rule on Brazilian stock." In Corporate governance: Participants, mechanisms and performance. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgpmpp8.
Abstract:
The mandatory bid rule (also known as tag-along rights) is an important corporate governance mechanism that emerges in a company takeover and consists of acquirers granting non-controlling investors a price similar to the one made to the controlling shareholders. The goal of this research is to analyze if Brazilian companies that grant tag-along rights voluntarily have higher valuation and liquidity. We show evidence that the voluntary bid rule significantly affects common shares’ liquidity. In contrast, we find no significant relation between firm valuation and tag-along rights.
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Ozaveshe, Peter Oviroh, Kingsley Ukoba, and Tien Chien Jen. "Renewable Energy Resources in the Long-Term Sustainability of Water Desalination As a Freshwater Source." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113293.
Abstract:
Abstract Due to growing populations, climate change, and water pollution, freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce. Managing the increasing water and energy demands requires addressing the relationship between energy production, which requires water, and water production, which uses energy. Desalination, as an option, is becoming a viable solution for meeting water demand in an increasing number of water-stressed areas. However, the increased demand for desalination to enhance the water supply and concerns about the environmental impact of fossil fuel use to power it are becoming issues. These have increased interest in renewable energy-powered desalination systems. As a result, there is an urgent need to advance sustainable and renewable energy technologies and water purification processes and technologies to meet the growing societal demand for water and energy. This review looks at some renewable energy sources, such as bioenergy, marine energy, and a hybrid of renewable energy sources, in meeting the energy demand. It highlighted the additional beneficial incorporation of other applications and possible energy source combinations. The primary goal of this study is to examine recent advances in the technical, economic, environmental, and social impacts of desalination systems. The second goal is to present an overview of the role of renewable energy technologies in the long-term sustainability of projected water systems that will rely increasingly on desalination.
Reports on the topic "Long term goal":
1
Bajusz, William D., and Kevin P. O'Prey. An All-African Peace Force: An Immediate Option or Long-Term Goal for the Region? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385651.
2
Calahorra-Jimenez, Maria. Contracting Strategies: A Different Approach to Address Long-term Performance. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2130.
Abstract:
For cost-efficiency, public safety, and sustainability, improving long-term performance in highway projects is imperative for public administrations. Project delivery and procurement methods provide an opportunity to align design and construction processes with this goal. While previous studies have explored whether project delivery methods impact the long-term performance of highway projects, these studies did not focus on how core elements within project procurement relate to long-term performance. Thus, to fill this gap, this research explores how and to what extent long-term evaluation criteria are considered in design-build best-value procurement of highway projects. To this end, the team conducted content analysis on 100 projects procured between 2009 and 2019 by 19 DOTs across the U.S. The analysis of 365 evaluation criteria found that (1) roughly 11% of them related to long-term performance. (2) The weight given to these criteria in the overall technical proposal was lower than 30%. (3) Sixty-five percent (65%) of long-term evaluation criteria focused on design while 15% related to materials and technology, respectively. The results of this study are a stepping stone to initiate a deep exploration of the relationship between procurement practices and actual project performance. Currently, as sustainability and life cycle assessments remain top concerns in infrastructure projects, this line of research may benefit DOTs and highway agencies across the U.S. and worldwide.
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Calahorra-Jimenez, Maria. Contracting Strategies: A Different Approach to Address Long-term Performance. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2130.
Abstract:
For cost-efficiency, public safety, and sustainability, improving long-term performance in highway projects is imperative for public administrations. Project delivery and procurement methods provide an opportunity to align design and construction processes with this goal. While previous studies have explored whether project delivery methods impact the long-term performance of highway projects, these studies did not focus on how core elements within project procurement relate to long-term performance. Thus, to fill this gap, this research explores how and to what extent long-term evaluation criteria are considered in design-build best-value procurement of highway projects. To this end, the team conducted content analysis on 100 projects procured between 2009 and 2019 by 19 DOTs across the U.S. The analysis of 365 evaluation criteria found that (1) roughly 11% of them related to long-term performance. (2) The weight given to these criteria in the overall technical proposal was lower than 30%. (3) Sixty-five percent (65%) of long-term evaluation criteria focused on design while 15% related to materials and technology, respectively. The results of this study are a stepping stone to initiate a deep exploration of the relationship between procurement practices and actual project performance. Currently, as sustainability and life cycle assessments remain top concerns in infrastructure projects, this line of research may benefit DOTs and highway agencies across the U.S. and worldwide.
4
Rahimipour, Shai, and David Donovan. Renewable, long-term, antimicrobial surface treatments through dopamine-mediated binding of peptidoglycan hydrolases. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597930.bard.
Abstract:
There is a need for renewable antimicrobial surface treatments that are semi- permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time and that do not select for resistant strains. This proposal describes a dopamine binding technology that is inexpensive, bio-friendly, non-toxic, and uses straight-forward commercially available products. The antimicrobial agents are peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that are non-toxic and highly refractory to resistance development. The goal of this project is to create a treatment that will be applicable to a wide variety of surfaces and will convey long-lasting antimicrobial activity. Although the immediate goal is to create staphylolytic surfaces, the technology should be applicable to any pathogen and will thus contribute to no less than 3 BARD priorities: 1) increased animal production by protecting animals from invasive and emerging diseases, 2) Antimicrobial food packaging will improve food safety and security and 3) sustainable bio- energy systems will be supported by coating fermentation vats with antimicrobials that could protect ethanolic fermentations from Lactobacillus contamination that reduces ethanol yields. The dopamine-based modification of surfaces is inspired by the strong adhesion of mussel adhesion proteins to virtually all types of surfaces, including metals, polymers, and inorganic materials. Peptidoglycanhydrolases (PGHs) meet the criteria of a surface bound antimicrobial with their site of action being extracellular peptidoglycan (the structural basis of the bacterial cell wall) that when breached causes osmotic lysis. As a proof of principle, we will develop technology using peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that target Staphylococcus aureus, a notoriously contagious and antimicrobial-resistant pathogen. We will test for susceptibility of the coating to a variety of environmental stresses including UV light, abrasive cleaning and dessication. In order to avoid resistance development, we intend to use three unique, synergistic, simultaneous staphylococcal enzyme activities. The hydrolases are modular such that we have created fusion proteins with three lytic activities that are highly refractory to resistance development. It is essential to use multiple simultaneous activities to avoid selecting for antimicrobial resistant strains. This strategy is applicable to both Gram positive and negative pathogens. We anticipate that upon completion of this award the technology will be available for commercialization within the time required to achieve a suitable high volume production scheme for the required enzymes (~1-2 years). We expect the modified surface will remain antimicrobial for several days, and when necessary, the protocol for renewal of the surface will be easily applied in a diverse array of environments, from food processing plants to barnyards.
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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin, et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Edited by Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström, and Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.
Abstract:
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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Leis, Sherry, Lloyd Morrison, and Tani Hubbard. Long-term trends in prairie vegetation at three national parks: 1998?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302359.
Abstract:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network has monitored plant communities in National Parks since 1998. Three of those parks in the northern tier of the network?Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (NHS), Homestead National Historical Park (NHP), and Pipestone National Monument (NM)?have reconstructed tallgrass prairie communities and were sampled concurrently in 2022. In this combined report, we describe similarities and differences among the three parks related to current vegetation and trends. Climatically, Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP have similar temperature profiles, but Homestead NHP is drier. Pipestone NM differs from the other two parks in temperature and precipitation. Long-term climatic signals for major drought events varied by park, and moisture at Herbert Hoover NHS is likely to increase with climate change. Precipitation shifts could influence vegetation trends in the future requiring action such as flood mitigations, wildfire protections during prolonged drought, and consideration for species additions to adapt to new climate profiles. Plant composition was similar for Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP while the combination of plant species and abundances at Pipestone NM was different from the other two parks, especially within the Sioux Quartzite community type. There appeared to be some compositional shifts over time for Homestead NHP. That trend was supported by greater species turnover at Homestead NHP than the other two parks. The reconstruction at Homestead NHP is older than that of Herbert Hoover NHS and possibly Pipestone NM, but we are unable to determine the underlying causes of species changes. Quality assessment procedures provided a moderate level of confidence in our data with respect to botanist agreement on identifications. We met our goal of about 80% agreement in species composition. Cover class agreement was greater than?70%, with less than 4% of observations off by more than one class. Native species richness trends varied by park. Herbert Hoover NHS continues to gain native species while Pipestone NM is losing species. Species richness at Homestead NHP did not exhibit a directional trend. Pipestone NM tended to have less cover of forbs and grasses than the other two parks, reflecting the more complex geological landscape with surface rock. Grass abundance appears to be declining from baseline years for all three parks. Grass-like and fern guilds are much less abundant in all the parks than other plant guilds. Woody plants in 2022 were similar at Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP in terms of mean cover and heterogeneity across the prairies, but tree encroachment into the grasslands is a potential concern. Pipestone NM generally had fewer woody plants (including tree seedlings) in 2022, but the amount varied through time. Canopy closure, measured for the first time in 2022, was present in all three parks, but was greatest at Homestead NHP. Nonnative plant cover was the greatest at Pipestone NM, but current abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS was greater in 2022 than baseline years. Homestead NHP consistently had little nonnative plant cover since 2005. Abundance (% cover) of two nonnative grasses of concern?Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis)?differed by park and year. Recent increases in Kentucky bluegrass abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS might reflect changes in management. Although these parks have individual differences in climate as well as in timing and use of management actions, they share similar histories of cultivation and reconstruction. Efforts to restore or reconstruct portions of the prairie at Pipestone NM were unique among the three parks. Future analyses might continue to combine Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP but examine Pipestone NM separately; the unique geologic history and differences in vegetation communities at Pipestone NM may make individual assessment a better option. However, comparing trends in guilds of concern, such as woody and nonnative plants, across all three parks can be helpful for gauging success with management tools in light of regional changes in climate.
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Desk, Front. Learning for Sustainable Development: COL’S Impact Report 2015–2021. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/4045.
Abstract:
The Commonwealth of Learning’s Strategic Plan 2015– 2021 sought to leverage open and distance learning (ODL) and contribute to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 4 by generating three long-term outcomes: better organisational capacity in ODL, increased opportunities for quality learning, and improved sustainable livelihoods. This report contains examples of impact from COL’s work during the plan period.
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Linares, Pedro, Natalia Collado-Van-Baumberghen, and Jorge Galindo. The European electricity market reform: an assessment & next steps. Esade EcPol, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56269/20240115/pl.
Abstract:
The motivation behind the reform of the European electricity markets is therefore to create new incentives for the construction of generation capacity that will enable a more decisive move towards decarbonisation, while providing greater flexibility (both in terms of supply and demand) that can lead to greater price stability. However, although these goals are shared by all countries, the path towards them is not uniform at the outset due to the different energy and consumption mixes (industry and households). As a result, the outcome is far from the same and, in its current form,the reform of the European electricity market falls short in several important aspects. However, this reform should be seen as a first step, a process of reflection that creates the basis for further development. The ultimate goal should be the creation of a harmonised and long-term focused European electricity market.
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Williams, T. A., J. A. Dirks, and D. R. Brown. Long-term goals for solar thermal technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5685726.
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Littles, Chanda, David Trachtenbarg, Hans Moritz, Douglas Swanson, Ryan Woolbright, Kathryn Herzog, and Amy Borde. Site selection and conceptual designs for beneficial use of dredged material sites for habitat creation in the lower Columbia River. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48550.
Abstract:
Channel maintenance in most major rivers throughout the United States requires ongoing dredging to maintain navigability. The US Army Corps of Engineers explores several options for placement based on sediment characteristics, material quantity, cost, operational constraints, and minimization of potential adverse effects to existing resources and habitat. It is a priority to beneficially reuse dredged sediments to create habitat and retain sediments within the river system whenever possible. Nonetheless, there can be discrepancies among state and federal resource agencies, landowners, tribes, and various other stakeholders about what constitutes a benefit and how those benefits are ultimately weighed against short- and long-term tradeoffs. This work leveraged prior Regional Sediment Management efforts building consensus among stakeholders on a suite of viable strategies for in-water placement in the lower Columbia River. The goal was to identify suitable locations for applying the various strategies to maximize habitat benefits and minimize potential adverse effects. A multistep site-selection matrix was developed with criteria accounting for existing site conditions, overall placement capacity, tradeoffs, long-term maintenance, cost, stakeholder concerns, and landscape principles in the context of other habitat restoration projects implemented in the lower river. Three highly ranked sites were selected for conceptual design and exemplify results of collaborative beneficial use implementation.