Journal articles: 'Long term camping'

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Niu, Yining, Guangdi Li, Lingling Li, K. Yin Chan, and Albert Oates. "Sheep camping influences soil properties and pasture production in an acidic soil of New South Wales, Australia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08004.

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This paper reports sheep camping influences on soil chemical and physical properties, and pasture dry matter (DM) production of an acidic soil on the southwest slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The experiment was conducted in the spring (October-November) of 2005 on a long-term field experimental site after 13 yr of rotational grazing. The factors considered were sheep camping (distance from the camping site), pasture type (perennial vs. annual pastures) and lime application (limed vs. unlimed treatments). Over 13 yr of rotational grazing, significant amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were deposited near the sheep camping site via the deposition of animal excreta. Total C increased from 32.8 g kg-1 20 m away from the camping site to 41.9 g kg-1 at the camping site in 0-5 cm soil depth. The Colwell P increased from 44.0 to 125.9 mg kg-1 from the non-camping area to the camping site in 0-5 cm soil depth. The most interesting result from the current study is that soil bulk density decreased as the intensity of camping increased. On the perennial pastures, soil bulk density was 0.96 and 1.34 g cm-3 at the camping site in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths, respectively, whereas soil bulk density was 1.14 and 1.39 g cm-3 at 20 m away from the camping site at the corresponding soil depths. Across pasture types, mean pasture DM was highest at the camping site (7.3 and 6.6 t ha-1 for the limed and unlimed pastures, respectively), and lowest 20 m away from the camping site (5.4 and 4.5 t ha-1 for the limed and unlimed pastures, respectively). The vigorous pasture growth and high organic matter at the camping site may have had a "cushioning effect", thereby reducing soil compaction. However, this camping effect was confined to within 5 m of the camping site. It is concluded that sheep camping can create spatial heterogeneity in soil chemical and physical properties. The non-uniform influence on pasture productivity and composition could be minimised by altering the grazing management strategies, such as periodic relocation of the site of shelter, or further subdivision of the grazing paddock, if necessary. Key words: Soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, bulk density, grazing management

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Kim, Kyu-Mee. "A Study on the Psychological Stress Reduction Effects of Camping Activities due to Long Term COVID-19." Journal of Tourism Enhancement 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35498/kotes.2021.9.3.023.

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Cerveny, Lee K., and Joshua W. R. Baur. "Homelessness and Nonrecreational Camping on National Forests and Grasslands in the United States: Law Enforcement Perspectives and Regional Trends." Journal of Forestry 118, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz065.

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Abstract National forest law enforcement officers regularly encounter “nonrecreational” campers whose tenure exceeds established stay limits (generally 2 weeks). Some long-term occupants are homeless and seek use of the forest as a temporary or long-term residence. Long-term nonrecreational campers present myriad concerns for forest officials, who seek to balance public access and resource conservation. In addition to biophysical impacts because of waste, disposal of chemicals, soil compaction, and damage to vegetation, nonrecreational campers can alter the social environment being shared with other forest visitors. For this exploratory study, US Forest Service law enforcement officers (n = 290) were surveyed to assess officer perceptions of the frequency of encounters, trends, and types of nonrecreational campers. We provide a descriptive summary of major findings and point out regional variations and trends. Officers perceive regional variations in the frequency of encounters with nonrecreational or homeless campers as well as types of campers encountered.

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Goynes, W. R., E. E. Graves, W. Tao, G. F. D'Anna, M. P. Day, and V. Yachmenev. "SEM Evaluation of Chemically Finished Nonwoven Fabrics from Recycled Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 770–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036345.

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The textile industry produces large quantities of waste and scrap materials. Most of this waste requires disposal. Both environmental and economic benefits could be derived by developing commercial products to use these materials. Environmentally acceptable textile products include those that utilize recycled materials, or materials that have not been chemically processed. Such products are often not economically profitable because of the added expense necessary for environmental protection. Development of such a cost-effective textile product requires use of low-cost materials, minimal cost production processes, and finishes that have already been developed and tested.The objective of this research was to develop a semi-disposable, economical, light-weight, comfortable thermal blanket that would be both flame-resistant and antibacterial through a limited number of laundry cycles. Targeted uses would be in medical and health care facilities, disaster relief centers, short term and emergency housing needs, recreational areas such as camping, and in military maneuvers where environmental conditions could be harmful to long-term products.

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Hailey, Charlie. "Camping off the grid in the grid: Between hospitable space and inhospitable land." Public 31, no. 61 (December 1, 2020): 36–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public_00027_1.

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When the last U.S. Census canvassed Slab City, a remote, self-governed community of artists, retirees, anarchists and homeless people in southern California’s desert, most of its residents claimed ownership of the plots they occupied as “free and clear.” And yet Slab City itself occupies land that is public, as firm in this designation as the resolve of those who live there. Often called the “last free place,” this square-mile plot is one of the remaining Section 36 areas, which were originally reserved for the state’s public schools when each township was laid out by the National Ordinance’s land surveys that blanketed the American West in an invisible but all-encompassing grid. Consequently, the state of California hosts an array of one-square mile pockets of land. Among these, Slab City is a camp that bears the ongoing question of how land—environmentally inhospitable yet relatively hospitable in its public status—might host practices of self-determination, self-regulated community, and national identity. Veritable blind spots of land management, Section 36 areas contrast other more regulated, though comparable, practices on public and private lands. The Bureau of Land Management oversees Long Term Visitor Areas where campers can park trailers across vast territories for extended periods of time, and Walmart plays host to cross-country travelers who overnight in its parking lots—a permutation of recreational camping known as boondocking. But what happens in the absence of oversight? In places where the campsites become permanent? In times when those living there have arrived not only by choice but also in many cases out of necessity? Legacies of a country’s organizational matrix, Section 36’s pockets of land linger as residual pieces of frontier mythologies, as testaments of the arbitrariness of the grid and its land policies, and as fertile ground for alternative practices of adapting to inhospitable environments and making home in improvised communities. This essay seeks to understand how Section 36 land hosts contemporary intersections of public space and freedom.

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Cayley, J. W. D., M. R. McCaskill, and G. A. Kearney. "Available phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, and other cations in a long-term grazing experiment in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 12 (2002): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01108.

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Relationships between amounts of superphosphate applied to pasture and stocking rate on available nutrient status were assessed from 1979 to 2000 on a chromosol derived from basalt at Hamilton, Victoria. The pastures were stocked with sheep at low, medium, or high grazing pressures in factorial combination with 6 levels of superphosphate. Overall annual amounts of single superphosphate (8.8% P, 11% S, 19% Ca) applied ranged from 0.4 to 36 kg P/ha. Potassium chloride (KCl) was applied to all plots periodically. Average stocking rates ranged from 7 to 19 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. The nutrient status of plots was monitored by sampling the soil to a depth of 10 cm, avoiding the areas used by the sheep for camping. In 1994, samples of topsoil (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) were taken from the camp areas and non-camp areas in each plot in order to assess 'plant-available' P, S, and extractable cations. Changes in P and S with depth to 80 cm in high and low grazing pressure treatments were also assessed. The influence of cumulative P applied on Olsen P varied with time and grazing pressure. During the first 12–15 years, the Olsen P of high grazing pressure plots was greater than that of low grazing pressure plots, but subsequently the reverse has been the case. Plant-available S also increased where more superphosphate had been applied. Levels were greater than 7 mg S/kg soil except at the lowest level of superphosphate, indicating that forms of P fertiliser with less S could be used here. After initial applications of KCl, this fertiliser was not applied for 8 years. During this time the K status fell from 270 to 120 mg K/kg soil, just above where plant responses to K are likely, emphasising the need to monitor the K status of productive pastures on these soils. Levels of exchangeable Mg2+ fell as more superphosphate was used, whereas levels of Ca2+ rose. The Olsen P of soil deeper than 10 cm was always less than 5 mg P/kg soil. P supply to deep-rooted pasture plants may thus be limiting when the topsoil is dry. These results, together with published assessments of animal production at this site, show that for pastures fertilised annually, the Olsen P associated with the most profit varied from 7 mg P/kg soil at 7 ewes/ha (10.5 DSE/ha), to 14 mg P/kg soil at 18 ewes/ha.

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Ivanov, A. A., A. B. Seleznev, N. V. Komissarov, E. V. Ivchenko, A. B. Yudin, A. A. Musaev, and O. G. Prigorelov. "Future developments and advances in disinfectants and application modes for use in departments, military units and medical facilities in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12332.

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There were performed test and development review concerning disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North, an assessment of their sophistication, and determination of possible ways to enhancement of efficiency. It was found that long-term low temperatures, geographical distance and hard-to-reach territories, weak natural self-regeneration mechanism of biocenosis, development of human hypersensitivity to infectious agents, congestion of personnel at camping and operation places define the urgency of creation of modern chemical and technical disinfectants which are effective in the north. The basic requirements to these disinfectants were formulated. Thus, process chemical solutions should not become frozen over a period that biocide effect takes; disinfectants to use in human presence should meet the operational criteria for sealable inhabited objects. Engineering tools should be equipped with productive snowmelters, heat-insulated rooms, all-terrain running gear, liquid fuel -powered cauldrons, heaters, electric power station. Promising directions of new disinfectants advancing and development were determined. It’s necessary to study infectious and parasitic morbidity in the Arctic and Extreme North, the causes and conditions governing its structure and dynamics, specificity of epidemic process. The establishment of special climate chambers with variable capacities for materials and goods disinfection mode development, including the use of engineering tools; it is essential to choose or develop the study methods of arctic climatic factors influence on test microorganisms, operating procedure behavior of disinfection, worked objects’ properties. The studies of microbial contamination specifics seemed perspective, both in the environment and within inhabited objects, under long-term exposure of low temperatures; the search of biocidic technologies and factors for making disinfectants, modes and methods of application; substantiation of disinfection procedures tactics. Instructional and methodological base preparing will allow to perform perspective studies and disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North in accordance with contemporary requirements.

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Cayley, J. W. D., M. R. McCaskill, and G. A. Kearney. "Changes in pH and organic carbon were minimal in a long-term field study in the Western District of Victoria." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 2 (2002): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01050.

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Changes in soil pH from a long-term experiment at Hamilton, Vic., associated with time, fertiliser application, and stocking rate were assessed. The pH was measured in a 1 :5 suspension of soil in water (pHW) from 1980 onwards and in a 1:5 suspension of soil in 0.01 M CaCl2 (pHCa) from 1984 onwards. Topsoils (0–10 cm) were sampled regularly from 1980 to 1999, and the soil profile to a depth of 80 cm in 1994. The site was sown to perennial ryegrass, phalaris, and subterranean clover in 1977. Treatments fertilised with different amounts of superphosphate were grazed by sheep at stocking rates of 7–19 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Average applications of phosphorus (P) ranged from 0.5 to 38.7 kg P/ha.year. The pHCa of the topsoil in 1984 was 4.9. It decreased at an average rate of 0.005 pHCa or 0.008 pHW units/year, with little variation due to fertiliser or stocking rate. Measurements in 1994 revealed subtle but statistically significant (P < 0.01) trends in soil pHCa that were associated with grazing pressure, inputs of fertiliser, and whether or not areas sampled were used by the sheep for camping. The top 0–5 cm of soil was slightly less acidic (+0.07 pHCa units) in the camp areas compared with non-camp areas. Below 5 cm to a depth of 80 cm, camp areas were more acidic (–0.19 pHCa units). At the highest stocking rates, heavier applications of superphosphate were associated with greater subsoil acidity: –0.06 pHCa units per 100 kg phosphorus (P) applied. There was no relationship at medium stocking rates. At low stocking rates, higher P applications were associated with more alkaline subsoils. Net removal of product from 1979 to 1994 (wool and meat removed from plots and excreta transferred to camps) was estimated to be equivalent to 140–380 kg/ha of lime over this 15-year period. The organic carbon (OC) content of the topsoil did not change over 20 years of records from 1979, and was unaffected by inputs of P. In 1994, the OC content of the 0–5 cm layer of topsoil was greater than the 5–10 cm layer (mean values 5.5% and 3.8% respectively; P < 0.001). The OC content of camp areas was higher than that of non-camp areas, this difference being more pronounced in the 0–5 cm layer (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the rate of change of pH was slow because of the high pH buffering capacity of the soil, the small amount of alkalinity removed in product, and the generally high perennial grass content of the pastures. Soils shown to be at greatest risk of acidification from this study were those under camp areas, and where high fertiliser rates were applied to pastures with a low perennial grass content. Rotational grazing should diminish these problems by reducing the concentration of excreta in camp areas, and favouring perennials over annuals in both camp and non-camp areas. Inputs of lime may eventually be needed to compensate for the acidifying effect of product removal.

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González, L. A., G. Bishop-Hurley, D. Henry, and E. Charmley. "Wireless sensor networks to study, monitor and manage cattle in grazing systems." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14368.

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Monitoring and management of grazing livestock production systems can be enhanced with remote monitoring technologies collecting information with high temporal and spatial detail. However, the potential benefits of such technologies have yet to be realised and challenges still exist with hardware, and data analysis and interpretation. The objective of this paper was to propose analytical methods and demonstrate the value of remotely collected liveweight (LW) and behaviour of beef cattle grazing tropical pastures. Three remote weighing systems were set up at the water troughs to capture LW of three groups of 20 animals for 341 days. LW data reflected short-term effects following the first rain event (>50 mm) at the end of the dry season, which resulted in LW losses of 22 ± 8.8 kg of LW at a rate of –1.54 ± 0.46 kg/day (n = 60). This period was followed by a peak daily LW change (LWC) of +2 kg/day. The remote weighing system also captured longer environmental effects related to seasonal changes in forage quality and quantity with highest LWC during the wet season and weight loss during the dry season. Effects of management on LW and LWC were observed as a result of moving animals to paddocks with more edible forage during the dry season when the negative trend in LWC was reversed after rotating animals. Behavioural monitoring indicated that resting and ruminating took place at camping sites, and foraging resulted in grazing hotspots. Remotely collected LW data captured both short- and long-term temporal changes associated with environmental and management factors, whereas remote monitoring collars captured the spatial distribution of behaviours in the landscape. Wireless sensor networks have the ability to provide data with sufficient detail in real-time making it possible for increased understanding of animal biology and early management interventions that should result in increased production, animal welfare and environmental stewardship.

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Wang, Ting, and Teiji Watanabe. "Impact of Recreational Activities on an Unmanaged Alpine Campsite: The Case of Kuro-Dake Campsite, Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan." Environments 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6030034.

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The Kuro-dake Campsite in Daisetsuzan National Park is situated in a fragile alpine setting. Since it opened in 1992, it has not been under formal management. With camping increasingly affecting the Kuro-dake Campsite, this study aims to gain deeper insights into the soil erosion and overcrowding at the campsite and to suggest a corresponding strategy for future management. A detailed topographic map was created using pole photogrammetry to understand the ground surface condition of the campsite in 2017. Aerial photographs taken in 2012 and 2017 were used to understand the long-term changes in the ground surface. Furthermore, questionnaire surveys with campers, interview surveys with organizations related to the park management and secondary data collection were conducted. Two gullies were identified on the topographic map of the campsite. From 2012 to 2017, the campsite size increased by 48 m2. The daily-use level on busy days is nearly seven times the mean daily-use level for the year. Some campers illegally pitch tents on nearby trails on such busy days. The questionnaire surveys in 2017 and 2018 (n = 346) show that most respondents oppose a future closure of the campsite and two-thirds oppose a use limit. The 2018 survey (n = 210) shows that 71% of respondents were not aware of the reservation system in national parks elsewhere; however, 76% agreed to a reservation system to secure their tent space. Introducing formal management oversight, along with a reservation system, is urgently needed.

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Shablii, O., L. Zastavetska, K. Dudarchuk, I. Illiash, and N. Smochko. "The main problems of healthcare and wellness tourism in Ukraine." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111858.

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The data of the conducted research testify to the high potential of Ukraine, taking into account factors such as favourable climate, location near two seas and rich natural resources for healthcare and wellness tourism. Significant weaknesses have been identified, which consist of an outdated infrastructure of healthcare and wellness enter- prises and the narrow range of services provided by them. Only 67% of the total number of establishments of the sanatorium and resort complex have service departments inside, but even if they are available, most of the health-improvement facilities according to the requirements of the National Standard for Accommodation do not even correspond to category 1. In the course of the conducted research, methods of statistical analysis were applied to study the dynamics of the number of sanatoria and health facilities in Ukraine and the number of tourists. Methods for diagnosing the state of development and modeling (including SWOT analysis, cluster approach) were used to study the functioning of tourist territories of different taxonomic ranks. It was found on the basis of study that although Ukraine has all the resources for the development of healthcare tourism, it is still a depressed industry owing to numerous problems. The materials of this research can become a practical basis for the development of this kind of tourism. The main problems of development of tourist infrastructure of healthcare tourism are described. The directions of its development are proposed: construction of new hotels, recreation centers, shelters, hotels, camping sites, etc. and reconstruction of available accommodation facilities. It was found that a similar situation is observed in the places of public catering (their significant insufficiency negatively affects the development of this sphere of tourism ). It is proposed to create an innovative cluster of health-improving type on mono-territories, which will allow the best possible social and economic development projects to be designed and implemented, as well as helping to effectively build and implement a strategy for long-term development of the territory, which has favourable conditions for sanatorium and resort treatment

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Hrudevich, Tetiana, and Luidmila Shkira. "HORSE HARNESSES AND RIG OF THE END OF XIX BEG. XX CENTURY IN FUNDS OF NATIONAL HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL RESERVE «PEREYASLAV» BY I. CHORNYI." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 40 (2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.10.

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The purpose of the study of this article is to highlight the history of the discovery of horse harnesses and rig at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and their characteristics. That objects belonged to Chorniyfamily from Kiev and were transferred in 1979 to create an exposition of museums. Presently, the items of horse harnesses and harnesses from the stock collection NHER «Pereyaslav» are exhibited in the museums «Postal Station», «Museum of the National Land Transport of the Middle Dnieper».These museums are located on the territory of the first Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of the Middle Dnieper, established in 1964 in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi city and is the part of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereyaslav». This collection has been gathering for decades. Mikhail Zham (1927–2002) was an ideological inspiration and active collector of horse harness and rigs. Among the large number of horse ruminant, which is in the exposition of museums, there are 25 harnesses and rigsof I. Chorniy. At the beginning of the twentieth century Ivan Chorny, like his father was. I. Chorny, was engaged in camping, had a camping and caravan artillery, a large collection of vehicles, horse harnesses and rigs. Horse rigs – a collection of items for harness, as well as a way to harness them. Rigs should be distinguished from harness, which is a more general term and includes both objects and accessories for harnessing, and for hanging horses and other animals (for horseback riding, or the use of pets). Among the items (harnesses and rigs) belonging to the Black family are: Yoke – a cervical part of a horse's rigs, through which the weight of the transported cargo is transmitted to the horse's neck. There are four in their collection. The arc is a part of a horse's rigs from a bent trunk of a tree, which serves to attach a hawk (one of the two poles, attached to the ends of the front of the car's vehicle) to the yoke. There are three of them. Squares – a long belt, a rope, etc., by which horses are ruled, fixed on both sides to the bridle. The stock collection consists of four units of the box. Bridle («knot») – a piece of harness, which is worn on the animal's head to control it. The collection consists of five pieces of bridles. Breast-bandis a long belt that covers the horse's body and holds the band from slipping around the neck, for example, during descent from the mountain, braking. The collection has four units. Сherezsidelko- a strap that passes through a saddle from one hole to the other, supporting them. Saddle – a part of the rig, in the form of a pillow, which is enclosed under the cherezsidelko. Serves to convey force on the back of a horse. There are 3 of them in collection. Attention is focused on the features of manufacturing, material, technology, and the analysis of harnesses and rigs were made. Also, authors focus on the fact that, depending on the used harness, rigs are divided into: «holobelʹno-postoronkovyy» harness, sidewalk harness; a combined harness. An overview of the declared assembly, analysis of the species, typological, structural features of the horse harness, the comparison of these elements, shows that the samples presented in it are the same type of design, material, technology and characteristic of the entire territory of Ukraine. At the same time, some of them are distinguished by the original artistic decoration, which is a manifestation of the preferences and artistic tastes of the masters who made them. The horse harness and rigs of Chorniy family organically complements the structure and subjects of the exposition of the Museum of National Land Transport and the Museum «Postal Station» of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereyaslav».

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Wang, Fa, Zhijian Mu, Tao Guo, Aiying Huang, Xiao Lin, Xiaojun Shi, and Jiupai Ni. "Effect of long-term differentiated fertilisation regimes on greenhouse gas emissions from a subtropical rice-wheat cropping system." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 4 (April 30, 2020): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/693/2019-pse.

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A field campaign was conducted using six treatments under the summer rice-winter wheat cultivation system to evaluate the response of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to long-term differentiated fertilisation regimes. The treatments included control, phosphorus plus potassium, nitrogen only, nitrogen plus phosphorus (NP), nitrogen plus potassium, and NP plus potassium (NPK). Compared to the control, mineral fertilisation increased CH4 emissions during the rice season by 69% to 175%. Phosphorus amendment also enhanced seasonal CO2 emissions by 21% to 34% when compared with the treatments without receiving P, while combined use of P and potassium suppressed seasonal N2O emission to the same level of control. Net CO2 and N2O emissions from the dried fallow and wheat seasons and CH4 emissions from the flooding rice season dominated annual budgets of individual GHGs. All of the soils under different treatments were net sources of global warming and the overall net global warming potential ranged from 9 799 to 14 178 kg CO2 eq/ha/year with CO2 emission contributing 52% to 76%, CH4 contributing 20% to 40% and N2O occupying the rest. The annual maximum grain yields and minimum GHG intensity was observed at the NPK treatment, suggesting it to be the environmental-friendly optimum fertilisation regime.

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Shah, Nilay, and Constantinos C. Pantelides. "Optimal long-term campaign planning and design of batch operations." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 30, no. 10 (October 1991): 2308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00058a010.

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Herrán-Monge, Rubén, Arturo Muriel-Bombín, Marta M. García-García, Pedro A. Merino-García, Rafael Cítores-González, José A. Fernández-Ratero, Noelia Albalá, et al. "Mortality Reduction and Long-Term Compliance with Surviving Sepsis Campaign." Shock 45, no. 6 (June 2016): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000000555.

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Mayor, S. "NICE recommends long term campaign to encourage young people to exercise." BMJ 338, jan30 2 (January 30, 2009): b373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b373.

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YOUNG M I KIM CAROLINE M ARANGWANDA. "Stimulating Men's Support for Long-term Contraception: A Campaign in Zimbabwe." Journal of Health Communication 2, no. 4 (November 1997): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108107397127590.

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Suman, Arnela, Geoffrey P. Bostick, Donald Schopflocher, Anthony S. Russell, Robert Ferrari, Michele C. Battié, Richard Hu, Rachelle Buchbinder, and Douglas P. Gross. "Long-term evaluation of a Canadian back pain mass media campaign." European Spine Journal 26, no. 9 (August 3, 2017): 2467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5249-6.

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Petolicchio, B., L. Di Clemente, M. Altieri, E. Vicenzini, G. L. Lenzi, and Vittorio Di Piero. "Long-term effects of a sensitisation campaign on migraine: the Casilino study." Journal of Headache and Pain 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2010): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10194-009-0183-6.

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Mazzotti, Claudio, and Marco Savoia. "An Experimental Campaign on the Long-Term Properties of Self Compacting Concrete." Advances in Structural Engineering 15, no. 7 (July 2012): 1155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.7.1155.

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Colston, David C., Yanmei Xie, James F. Thrasher, Sherry Emery, Megan E. Patrick, Andrea R. Titus, Michael R. Elliott, and Nancy L. Fleischer. "Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002–2017." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 7803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157803.

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Background. Little is known regarding long-term impacts of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and related disparities in the United States. Methods. We examined longitudinal cohort data from Monitoring the Future (MTF) between 2000 and 2017 in modified Poisson regression models to understand the long-term impacts of televised Truth and state-sponsored ad campaign exposure at baseline (age 18) on first cigarette and daily smoking initiation 1 to 2 years later (at modal ages 19/20). We also used additive interactions to test for potential effect modification between campaign exposure and smoking outcomes by sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment. Results. We found no evidence for baseline media campaign exposure to be associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at modal age 19/20. Further, results showed no evidence for effect modification between campaign exposure and first cigarette or daily smoking initiation. Conclusions. We found no evidence that baseline Truth and state-sponsored ad exposure was associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at follow up, nor did we find any evidence for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, or parental education. We hypothesize that anti-tobacco media campaigns might have had a short-term impact on smoking behaviors, though these effects were not sustained long term.

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Kirkwood, Roger, Duncan R. Sutherland, Stuart Murphy, and Peter Dann. "Lessons from long-term predator control: a case study with the red fox." Wildlife Research 41, no. 3 (2014): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13196.

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Context Predator-control aims to reduce an impact on prey species, but efficacy of long-term control is rarely assessed and the reductions achieved are rarely quantified. Aims We evaluated the changing efficacy of a 58-year-long campaign against red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on Phillip Island, a 100-km2 inhabited island connected to the Australian mainland via a bridge. The campaign aimed to eliminate the impact of foxes on ground-nesting birds, particularly little penguins (Eudyptula minor). Methods We monitored the success rate of each fox-control technique employed, the level of effort invested if available, demographics of killed foxes, the numbers of penguins killed by foxes and penguin population size. Key results The campaign began as a bounty system that ran for 30 years and was ineffective. It transitioned into a coordinated, although localised, control program from 1980 to 2005 that invested considerable effort, but relied on subjective assessments of success. Early during the control period, baiting was abandoned for less effective methods that were thought to pose fewer risks, were more enjoyable and produced carcasses, a tangible result. Control was aided by a high level of public awareness, by restricted fox immigration, and by a clear, achievable and measurable target, namely, to prevent little penguin predation by foxes. Carcasses did prove valuable for research, revealing the genetic structure and shifts in fox demographics. The failure of the program was evident after scientific evaluation of fox population size and ongoing fox impacts. In 2006, the campaign evolved into an eradication attempt, adopting regular island-wide baiting, and since then, has achieved effective knock-down of foxes and negligible predation on penguins. Conclusions Effective predator control was achieved only after employing a dedicated team and implementing broad-scale baiting. Abandoning widespread baiting potentially delayed effective control for 25 years. Furthermore, both predator and prey populations should be monitored concurrently because the relationship between predator abundance and impact on prey species is not necessarily density dependent. Implications Critical to adopting the best management strategy is evaluating the efficacy of different methods independently of personal and public biases and having personnel dedicated solely to the task.

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Beerten, K., M. De Craen, and B. Leterme. "Long-term evolution of the surface environment of the Campine area, northeastern Belgium: first assessment." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 400, no. 1 (2014): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp400.23.

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Orgill-Meyer, Jennifer, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak, Namrata Chindarkar, Katherine L. Dickinson, Upendra Panda, Shailesh Rai, Barendra Sahoo, Ashok Singha, and Marc Jeuland. "Long-term impact of a community-led sanitation campaign in India, 2005–2016." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 97, no. 8 (May 28, 2019): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.18.221572.

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Braun-LaTour, Kathryn A., and Michael S. LaTour. "ASSESSING THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF A CONSISTENT ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN ON CONSUMER MEMORY." Journal of Advertising 33, no. 2 (January 2004): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2004.10639160.

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Abrahamson, Kathleen, Arif Nazir, and Karis Pressler. "A novel approach to deprescribing in long-term care settings: The SMART campaign." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 13, no. 6 (November 2017): 1202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.11.012.

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Chen, Yi, and Hanming Fang. "The long-term consequences of China's “Later, Longer, Fewer” campaign in old age." Journal of Development Economics 151 (June 2021): 102664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102664.

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Haugen, Annika, Chiara Bertolin, Gustaf Leijonhufvud, Tone Olstad, and Tor Broström. "A Methodology for Long-Term Monitoring of Climate Change Impacts on Historic Buildings." Geosciences 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8100370.

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A new methodology for long-term monitoring of climate change impacts on historic buildings and interiors has been developed. This paper proposes a generic framework for how monitoring programs can be developed and describes the planning and arrangement of a Norwegian monitoring campaign. The methodology aims to make it possible to establish a data-driven decision making process based on monitored decay related to climate change. This monitoring campaign includes 45 medieval buildings distributed over the entirety of Norway. Thirty-five of these buildings are dated to before 1537 and include wooden buildings as well as 10 medieval churches built in stone while the remaining 10 buildings are situated in the World Heritage sites of Bryggen, in Bergen on the west coast of Norway, and in Røros, which is a mining town in the inland of the country. The monitoring is planned to run for 30 to 50 years. It includes a zero-level registration and an interval-based registration system focused on relevant indicators, which will make it possible to register climate change-induced decay at an early stage.

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McGough, Greta. "Living With a Long Term Illness – The Facts Frankie Campling Living With a Long Term Illness – The Facts Michael Sharpe Oxford University Press £12.99 0198528825 0198528825." Nursing Standard 20, no. 36 (May 17, 2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.20.36.37.s46.

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Asmoro, Novky, Pujo Widodo, Resmanto Widodo Putro, Cecep Hidayat, and Rizki Putri. "Terrorism Threat in Doctrine Formulating of Military Campaign Scenario to Achieve National Security." Humanities and Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): p25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v4n3p25.

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Based on the estimation methodology on the potential of the war against terrorism on the transformation of doctrine, the conclusions based on the predictive analysis are: (1) The potential for the war against terrorism has a very strong relevance to the prediction of changes in military campaign doctrine in the long term by producing new war strategies both in terms of ends-means-ways as a result of High Impact Low Probability, (2) Through predictive analysis with extrapolation model, it is found that threats, strategic environment and tradition or history are variables that are expected to remain unchanged, especially in the short term in influencing the preparation of Military Campaign Doctrine, (3) The Projection Model determines if Threat is the variable that changes the most so that it will affect changes in the Military Campaign Doctrine in the short to medium term, (4) Looking for the best solution in realizing the best Military Campaign Doctrine. This can be followed by designing a simulation of the New War Strategy as a result of forecasting the Military Campaign Doctrine.

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LeDuc, Lawrence, and Jon H. Pammett. "Referendum Voting: Attitudes and Behaviour in the 1992 Constitutional Referendum." Canadian Journal of Political Science 28, no. 1 (March 1995): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900018357.

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AbstractReferendums are rare events in most parliamentary democracies, and when they do occur they present an analytical puzzle. Are they such unusual events that they fall outside of the theoretical frameworks familiar to students of elections? Or, even though they enter political life infrequently, can they be understood as something not entirely foreign to our thinking about electoral politics? Here, we argue that voting in referendums such as the constitutional referendum of October 26, 1992 is driven by many of the same factors that are present in elections—parties, leaders, issues, a campaign timetable, the interplay between long- and short-term forces and the dynamic of the campaign itself. In spite of their unique features, referendums can be understood in terms of models of voting behaviour familiar to students of elections in Canada and elsewhere. But, devoid of some of the long-term partisan and social anchors which play a role in elections, their outcome is even more dependent on the short-term elements of the campaign. As such, referendums are subject to greater volatility and uncertainty than that typically found in ordinary parliamentary elections.

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Wolf, B., C. Chwala, B. Fersch, J. Garvelmann, W. Junkermann, M. J. Zeeman, A. Angerer, et al. "The SCALEX Campaign: Scale-Crossing Land Surface and Boundary Layer Processes in the TERENO-preAlpine Observatory." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 1217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00277.1.

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Abstract ScaleX is a collaborative measurement campaign, collocated with a long-term environmental observatory of the German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) network in the mountainous terrain of the Bavarian Prealps, Germany. The aims of both TERENO and ScaleX include the measurement and modeling of land surface–atmosphere interactions of energy, water, and greenhouse gases. ScaleX is motivated by the recognition that long-term intensive observational research over years or decades must be based on well-proven, mostly automated measurement systems, concentrated in a small number of locations. In contrast, short-term intensive campaigns offer the opportunity to assess spatial distributions and gradients by concentrated instrument deployments, and by mobile sensors (ground and/or airborne) to obtain transects and three-dimensional patterns of atmospheric, surface, or soil variables and processes. Moreover, intensive campaigns are ideal proving grounds for innovative instruments, methods, and techniques to measure quantities that cannot (yet) be automated or deployed over long time periods. ScaleX is distinctive in its design, which combines the benefits of a long-term environmental-monitoring approach (TERENO) with the versatility and innovative power of a series of intensive campaigns, to bridge across a wide span of spatial and temporal scales. This contribution presents the concept and first data products of ScaleX-2015, which occurred in June–July 2015. The second installment of ScaleX took place in summer 2016 and periodic further ScaleX campaigns are planned throughout the lifetime of TERENO. This paper calls for collaboration in future ScaleX campaigns or to use our data in modelling studies. It is also an invitation to emulate the ScaleX concept at other long-term observatories.

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Cosenza, Alida, Salvatore Rizzo, Antonio Sansone Santamaria, and Gaspare Viviani. "Radionuclides in wastewater treatment plants: monitoring of Sicilian plants." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 2 (December 11, 2014): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.501.

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Three Sicilian wastewater treatment plants were monitored to assess the occurrence and the behaviour of radionuclides. Two sampling campaigns (screening and long-term) were carried out during which liquid and solid samples have been analysed. It was found that 131I mostly occurred in the samples analysed during the screening campaign (43% of the analysed samples contained 131I). High 131I specific activity was found in the mixed liquor, recycled sludge and dehydrated sludge samples. This finding was mainly due to the tendency of 131I to be associated with solid particles. During the long-term sampling campaign an influence of the sludge retention time (SRT) on the 131I behaviour was found. Increasing the SRT and consequently decreasing the fraction of active organic biomass inside the system, the specific activity of 131I decreases.

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Colliander, Andreas, Steven Chan, Seung-bum Kim, Narendra Das, Simon Yueh, Michael Cosh, Rajat Bindlish, Thomas Jackson, and Eni Njoku. "Long term analysis of PALS soil moisture campaign measurements for global soil moisture algorithm development." Remote Sensing of Environment 121 (June 2012): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.002.

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Ridout, Travis N., Erika Franklin Fowler, Michael M. Franz, and Kenneth Goldstein. "The Long-Term and Geographically Constrained Effects of Campaign Advertising on Political Polarization and Sorting." American Politics Research 46, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x17721479.

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Scholars agree that there has been an increase in polarization among political elites, though there continues to be debate on the extent to which polarization exists among the mass public. Still, there is general agreement that the American public has become more sorted over the past two decades, a time during which political ad volumes have increased and ads have become more negative. In this research, we explore whether there is a link between the two. We take advantage of variation in the volume and tone of political advertising across media markets to examine the link between advertising and three dependent variables: issue polarization, affective polarization, and sorting. We focus on the impact of both recent ad exposure and cumulative ad exposure across several election cycles. Ultimately, we find little impact of advertising on polarization or sorting, both overall and among subgroups of the population.

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Jump, Robin L. P., Susan M. Levy, and Wayne S. Saltsman. "Post-acute and Long-term Care Settings as First Responders for the Surviving Sepsis Campaign." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 20, no. 3 (March 2019): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.010.

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Danowski, James A. "Short-term and long-term effects of a public relations campaign on semantic networks of newspaper content: Priming or framing?" Public Relations Review 34, no. 3 (September 2008): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.03.036.

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Kozlowski, Mark T. "The Influence of Ron Paul: Loud Bang or Flash in the Pan?" Pitt Political Review 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2012): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ppr.2012.18.

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The 2012 primary season has been one of the most volatile in recent memory, with the Republican Party struggling to settle on a candidate. The campaign has also vaulted some previously obscure politicians to national prominence, only to relegate them again to obscurity. Ron Paul has demonstrated perhaps the most dramatic transformation, from a lone voice who was once largely ignored to one of the last four candidates for the nomination, who has performed quite creditably in several primaries. In this article, I examine how much influence Paul is going to have in the short term, up to and including the Republican National Convention. I also examine how lasting his influence will be over the long term, and whether or not he will mount a third-party bid in 2012.

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Pfaff, A., A. Schoenfeld Walker, K. M. Ahmed, and A. van Geen. "Reduction in exposure to arsenic from drinking well-water in Bangladesh limited by insufficient testing and awareness." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 2 (March 18, 2017): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.136.

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This study considers potential policy responses to the still very high levels of exposure to arsenic (As) caused by drinking water from shallow tubewells in rural Bangladesh. It examines a survey of 4,109 households in 76 villages of Araihazar upazila conducted two years after a national testing campaign swept through the area. The area is adjacent to the region where a long-term study was initiated in 2000 and where households are periodically reminded of health risks associated with well-water elevated in As. Results confirm that testing spurs switching away from unsafe wells, although the 27% fraction who switched was only about half of that in the long-term study area. By village, the fraction of households that switched varied with the availability of safe wells and the distance from the long-term study area. Lacking follow-up testing, two years only after the campaign 21% of households did not know the status of their well and 21% of households with an unsafe well that switched did so to an untested well. Well testing is again urgently needed in Bangladesh and should be paired with better ways to raise awareness and the installation of additional deep community wells.

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Kicova, Eva. "Importance of Advertising Media Attributes in the Context of Long-Term Brand Building in Slovakia." Littera Scripta 13, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36708/littera_scripta2020/2/6.

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The aim of this paper is to understand which attributes Slovak marketers consider to be the most important and consequently which media they perceive to meet those requirements best. The first part of the analysis represents the answer to the supporting research question: What do Slovak marketers consider to be the most important attributes of the advertising medium in delivering a brand building campaign. The relative importance of attributes was evaluated using MaxDiff analysis where respondents were asked to trade off the most and least important attributes in 9 different combinations of 4 attributes at the time. The responses were analysed using a simple count-based approach, which is concerned with an overall number of -term brand building when the respondent was forced to make a choice between attributes. The purpose of this article is to help Slovak marketers become aware of their current perception of advertising media and whether this perception needs to be re-evaluated in order to prevent potential negative long-term consequences of incorrect media decisions as experienced in other countries. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the current state of the Slovak advertising industry in terms of ability to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising media to grow brand in a long-term by identifying the most important attributes Slovak marketers consider when choosing media for a brand campaign.

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Andriani Lubis, Lusiana, and Haris Wijaya. "Communication Strategy on Family Planning Campaign by the Field Officer for Family Planning Campaign in North Sumatera." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 3, no. 4 (2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.34.2005.

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Communication strategy on family planning campaign is the interpretation of knowledge, attitude and practice theory (KAP theory) that commonly used in many health campaign programs in developing countries and advanced countries in the world. This theory can also be applied to other programs such as agriculture, family planning, commercial, and society capacity building. The aims of this research are to describe and analyse communication strategy on family planning campaign by the field officer, and also to find out all factors that can be the obstacle on family planning program in Sumatera Utara province, especially in Sibolga City. The long-term goal of this research is to find out the best method that can be done by the government in order to get people’s support. It can only be achieved if the program is transparent, clearly stated and on the perfect target. The population of the research are the field officer for family planning campaign (10 persons) and also the citizen of Sibolga City (10 persons plus their husband/wife). Purposive sampling technique was selecting all informants. Observation, interview and Focus Group Discussion were also being held in order to get the best result. Several results were shown: it showed (especially using injection and implant method) among productive age couples is increasing. Nias people in Sibolga City are the most fragile community where many of them are not able to perform family planning due to lack of information because of the language problem. Another problem in Sibolga City is that many of the family planning acceptors using short-term contraception methods such as pill, condom and injection rather than long-term contraception methods such as IUD, implant or vasectomy/tubectomy. BKKBN in Sibolga City still needs to improve many aspects of doing communication strategy on family planning campaign by the field officer for family planning campaign, especially in the low-income productive age couples where the birth rate number is still high.

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Rodrigues Bandeira, Lucilene Klenia, Yao Amewokunu, and Egide Karuranga. "La performance des réseaux : les cas de deux réseaux brésiliens." Management international 16, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013151ar.

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Cette recherche examine la relation entre le fonctionnement d’un réseau et sa performance à partir des cas de deux réseaux d’entreprises brésiliens : les réseaux de Campina Grande et de João Pessoa. L’analyse des résultats montre que contrairement au réseau de João Pessoa où les membres sont motivés par des objectifs individuels de court terme, le fonctionnement du réseau de Campina Grande peut être expliqué par quatre variables qui ont une influence sur sa performance : le rôle des institutions, les attentes des membres et une vision collective à long terme, la sélection de partenaires basée sur un ensemble de critères, et le transfert de connaissances à plusieurs niveaux.

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Candido, Leandro, Francesco Micelli, Emilia Vasanelli, Maria Antonietta Aiello, and Giovanni A. Plizzari. "Cracking Analysis of FRC Beams under Sustained Long-Term Loading." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.844.

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Crack formation within concrete members undergoing flexural loading is a complex mechanism, which governs the serviceability and durability of concrete structures. As for reinforced concrete (RC) members, a number of works based on empirical or theoretical approaches are published in the scientific literature. All the models propose a formulation for the estimation of crack spacing and crack width taking into account several parameters. Mechanical properties of concrete matrix, reinforcement ratio, concrete cover, bar diameter and size effect are the most influencing parameters on the cracking pattern of RC members, while tension stiffening can be influential as well. In Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) elements the presence of short fibers modifies the crack pattern within the members due to the development of a residual tensile stress and greater toughness. Normally the number of cracks within the length of FRC members is higher while the mean crack spacing and the crack width are lower. In fact the crack bridging effect of fibers consists in post-cracking stresses between the crack faces. Such mechanism is mainly governed by the interface bond between fiber and concrete matrix. Therefore, the volume fraction and the geometrical properties of fibers strongly influence the overall contribution in the cracking phenomena. A limited number of design codes have taken into account the modified behaviour of FRC members (especially in the case of steel fibers) by providing specific equations for crack width. This work presents the results of an experimental campaign on RC beams subjected to sustained service loads and environmental exposure for 72 months. In some beams, short steel or polyester fibers were added to the concrete matrix. The results presented in the paper show that the addition of fibres in concrete reduces both flexural displacements and crack widths, by modifying also the long-term behaviour of FRC members.

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Halpin, Brendan. "Combating the cattle plague in Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600404.

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Rinderpest had a devastating effect on cattle in Africa for nearly a century, but vaccination – especially a concerted campaign launched in 1962 – effectively brought it under control. Since then, however, a relaxing of controls has led to a resurgence of the plague, and a new Pan African Rinderpest Campaign was launched in 1981. It is designed not only to control present outbreaks but, this time, to ensure sufficient resources for long-term prevention.

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Hao, J. "Chinese and Japanese Participation in B/Be Star Campaigns." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 175 (2000): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100056153.

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AbstractIn the early 1980’s, astronomers at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) entered a collaboration in a long term photometric observing project on Be stars which included about 30 stars. For example, in 1983 the group at BAO organized a multi-site campaign to measure the short term variability of EW Lac, KX And, KY And, o And, and LQ And. In 1989, 48 Per was selected to be one of the targets of MuSiCoS campaign in which many stellar astronomers at the BAO participated. In 1991, the Be group at the BAO joined a campaign on the prototypical nonradially pulsating B star, 53 Per. In 1992, French & Chinese astronomers proposed a joint campaign on o And and EW Lac. Astronomers in Japan are also active in Be star campaigns and in 1993-5 they organized several campaigns on few well known Be stars (ζ Oph, EW Lac, ϒ Cas, λ Eri and 28 Cyg).

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Ilić, Dragana. "The BLR physics from the long-term optical monitoring of type-1 AGN." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S356 (October 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320002768.

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AbstractThe variation of optical continuum and broad emission lines is observed in all type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN). In some cases even extreme variability is detected when broad-line profiles completely disappear as is the case in the co-called changing-look AGN, which raise new question on the theoretical model of AGN. This variability is an important tool to study the physics and geometry of the broad line region (BLR), e.g. it can be used to estimate its size through the reverberation mapping technique. Especially, long-term campaigns give new insights, like the detection of the periodic signals or discoveries of changing-look AGN. Here we will present the results of our long-term monitoring campaign of several well-known AGN, as e.g. NGC 3516 for which we confirm that it is the changing-look AGN, putting special attention of the applications for future large time-domain spectroscopic surveys, like the MaunaKea Spectroscopic Explorer project.

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Wagner, Johannes, Thomas Gerz, Norman Wildmann, and Kira Gramitzky. "Long-term simulation of the boundary layer flow over the double-ridge site during the Perdigão 2017 field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 1129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1129-2019.

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Abstract. The Perdigão campaign 2017 was an international field campaign to measure the flow and its diurnal variation in the atmospheric boundary layer over complex terrain. A huge data set of meteorological observations was collected over the double-hill site by means of state-of-the-art meteorological measurement techniques. A focus of the campaign was the interaction of the boundary layer flow with a single wind turbine, which was located on the south-western (SW) ridge top. In this study, a long-term nested large-eddy simulation (LES) of 49-day duration with a maximum horizontal resolution of 200 m is used to describe both the general meteorological situation over Spain and Portugal and the local small-scale flow structures over the double hill during the intensive observation period (IOP). The simulations show that frequently observed nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs) from the NE have their origin over the slopes of the elevated plateau between the Portuguese Serra da Estrela and the Spanish Sierra de Gata mountain ranges N and NE of Perdigão and that the diurnal clockwise turning of the wind direction over the double ridge is induced by slope and valley winds under weak synoptic conditions. It is found that, in spite of the long simulation time, modelled and observed wind structures on the ridge tops agree well, while along-valley flow within the valley is underestimated by the model.

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de Rosnay, Patricia, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Yann Kerr, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, François Lemaître, Maria José Escorihuela, J. Muñoz Sabater, et al. "SMOSREX: A long term field campaign experiment for soil moisture and land surface processes remote sensing." Remote Sensing of Environment 102, no. 3-4 (June 2006): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.021.

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Cherry, Keith, Amy Bradshaw, Sally Crelia, Rachel Quinn, Valerie Thompson, and Charlotte Chang. "Social Marketing and Aging Americans: Formative Research to Direct a National Campaign about Long-Term Care." Social Marketing Quarterly 7, no. 3 (September 2001): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2001.9961172.

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Díaz, J., A. Pinto Neto, M. Díaz, N. M. Marchi, and L. Bahamondes. "Long-term evaluation of the clinical performance of the TCu200B and the TCu380A in Campinas, Brazil." Advances in Contraception 8, no. 1 (March 1992): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01849351.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Long term camping'

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