Relevant bibliographies by topics / LONG TAIL ISSUE

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'LONG TAIL ISSUE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "LONG TAIL ISSUE"

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Fenge, Lee-Ann, Kip Jones, and Camilla Gibson. "Meaningful dissemination produces the “long tail” that engenders community impact." Qualitative Research Journal 18, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-d-17-00037.

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Purpose Lack of understanding of the needs of older LGBT individuals is a global issue and their needs are often ignored by health and social care providers who adopt sexuality-blind approaches within their provision. As a result, public services can find it difficult to push the LGBT equalities agenda forward due to resistance to change and underlying discrimination. The aim of this paper is to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This report considers how a body of participatory research concerning the needs and experiences of older LGBT people was used to create innovatory dissemination tools, which then engaged communities through public engagement to learn about the needs and experiences of older LGBT citizens. Good research has a “long tail” – (in statistics, “a large number of occurrences far from the ‘head’ or central part of the distribution”). The report considers how a film and a method deck of cards, presented to service providers in several workshops over time, offered opportunities to learn and critically reflect upon an informed practice. Findings Because of the on-going feedback from our workshops, the authors, in turn, learned the importance of having a champion within a community organisation to take forward the LGBT agenda. A report of one such outreach champion is included here. Originality/value Consideration is given to challenges involved in creating impact through research, and how participatory community processes may enhance impact to develop over time.
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Qin, Jing. "A Survey of Long-Tail Item Recommendation Methods." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7536316.

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Recommender systems represent a critical field of AI technology applications. The core function of a recommender system is to recommend items of interest to users, but if it is only user history-based (purchasing or browsing data), it can only recommend similar products to a user, which makes the user feel fatigued (creating so-called “Information Cocoons”). Besides, transaction data (purchasing or browsing data) in various fields usually follow Pareto distributions. Accordingly, 20% of products are purchased or viewed a greater number of times (short-head items), while the remaining 80% of products are purchased or viewed less frequently (long-tail items). Using the traditional recommendation method, considering only the accuracy of recommendations, the coverage rate is relatively low, and most of the recommended items are short-head items. The long-tail item recommendation method not only considers the recommendation of short-head items but also considers recommending more long-tail items to users, thus improving the coverage and diversity of the recommendation results. Long-tail item recommendation research has become a frontier issue in recommendation systems in recent years. While the current research paper is still scarce, there have been related research achievements in top-level conferences in the field of computers, such as VLDB and IJCAI. Due to the fact that there is no review literature in this field, to allow readers to better understand the research status of the long-tail item recommendation method, this paper summarizes the progress of the research on long-tail item recommendation methods (from clustering-based, which began in 2008, to deep learning-based methods, which began in 2020) and the future directions associated with this research.
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Xu, Pengyu, Lin Xiao, Bing Liu, Sijin Lu, Liping Jing, and Jian Yu. "Label-Specific Feature Augmentation for Long-Tailed Multi-Label Text Classification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 9 (June 26, 2023): 10602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i9.26259.

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Multi-label text classification (MLTC) involves tagging a document with its most relevant subset of labels from a label set. In real applications, labels usually follow a long-tailed distribution, where most labels (called as tail-label) only contain a small number of documents and limit the performance of MLTC. To facilitate this low-resource problem, researchers introduced a simple but effective strategy, data augmentation (DA). However, most existing DA approaches struggle in multi-label settings. The main reason is that the augmented documents for one label may inevitably influence the other co-occurring labels and further exaggerate the long-tailed problem. To mitigate this issue, we propose a new pair-level augmentation framework for MLTC, called Label-Specific Feature Augmentation (LSFA), which merely augments positive feature-label pairs for the tail-labels. LSFA contains two main parts. The first is for label-specific document representation learning in the high-level latent space, the second is for augmenting tail-label features in latent space by transferring the documents second-order statistics (intra-class semantic variations) from head labels to tail labels. At last, we design a new loss function for adjusting classifiers based on augmented datasets. The whole learning procedure can be effectively trained. Comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets have shown that the proposed LSFA outperforms the state-of-the-art counterparts.
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He, Jiangpeng, Luotao Lin, Heather A. Eicher-Miller, and Fengqing Zhu. "Long-Tailed Food Classification." Nutrients 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122751.

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Food classification serves as the basic step of image-based dietary assessment to predict the types of foods in each input image. However, foods in real-world scenarios are typically long-tail distributed, where a small number of food types are consumed more frequently than others, which causes a severe class imbalance issue and hinders the overall performance. In addition, none of the existing long-tailed classification methods focus on food data, which can be more challenging due to the inter-class similarity and intra-class diversity between food images. In this work, two new benchmark datasets for long-tailed food classification are introduced, including Food101-LT and VFN-LT, where the number of samples in VFN-LT exhibits real-world long-tailed food distribution. Then, a novel two-phase framework is proposed to address the problem of class imbalance by (1) undersampling the head classes to remove redundant samples along with maintaining the learned information through knowledge distillation and (2) oversampling the tail classes by performing visually aware data augmentation. By comparing our method with existing state-of-the-art long-tailed classification methods, we show the effectiveness of the proposed framework, which obtains the best performance on both Food101-LT and VFN-LT datasets. The results demonstrate the potential to apply the proposed method to related real-life applications.
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Fagette, S., M. Lo, C. Gharib, and G. Gauquelin. "Cardiovascular variability and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity over a 14-day tail suspension in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.2.717.

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To verify whether a long-term weightlessness simulation was associated with development of cardiovascular deconditioning, male Wistar rats were tail suspended for 13 days and then removed for a 24-h recovery. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses, their spectral properties, and the pharmacologically tested baroreceptor reflex sensitivity were studied throughout the suspension period and after removal from the tail suspension device. BP, HR, and their variability were not altered over the experimental period, and there were no indications of orthostatic intolerance on release from head-down suspension. Spectral properties of BP and HR were unchanged during the experiment, and tail suspension did not induce modifications in the baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. These results taken together suggest that cardiovascular deconditioning may not be developed even after long-term hindlimb suspension in rats, in contrast to humans exposed to actual or simulated weightlessness. Our results raise issue with the use of tail-suspended rats as a valid model for the study of alterations in cardiovascular function induced by spaceflight in humans.
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Crudden, Caitrin, and Leonard Girnita. "The tale of a tail: The secret behind IGF-1R’s oncogenic power." Science Signaling 13, no. 633 (May 26, 2020): eabb7887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.abb7887.

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The C-terminal tail of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has long been appreciated to drive much of this receptor’s oncogenic power. In this issue of Science Signaling, Rieger et al. have shown that Tyr1250 and Tyr1251 of IGF-1R are autophosphorylated in a cell adhesion–dependent manner, uncovering a previously unknown plasma membrane–Golgi trafficking route for IGF-1R in migratory cells, an integral part of the malignant phenotype.
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Chen, Xiaohua, Yucan Zhou, Dayan Wu, Wanqian Zhang, Yu Zhou, Bo Li, and Weiping Wang. "Imagine by Reasoning: A Reasoning-Based Implicit Semantic Data Augmentation for Long-Tailed Classification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i1.19912.

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Real-world data often follows a long-tailed distribution, which makes the performance of existing classification algorithms degrade heavily. A key issue is that the samples in tail categories fail to depict their intra-class diversity. Humans can imagine a sample in new poses, scenes and view angles with their prior knowledge even if it is the first time to see this category. Inspired by this, we propose a novel reasoning-based implicit semantic data augmentation method to borrow transformation directions from other classes. Since the covariance matrix of each category represents the feature transformation directions, we can sample new directions from similar categories to generate definitely different instances. Specifically, the long-tailed distributed data is first adopted to train a backbone and a classifier. Then, a covariance matrix for each category is estimated, and a knowledge graph is constructed to store the relations of any two categories. Finally, tail samples are adaptively enhanced via propagating information from all the similar categories in the knowledge graph. Experimental results on CIFAR-LT-100, ImageNet-LT, and iNaturalist 2018 have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
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Gao, Zong Jun, Jia Guo Ren, Jia Liang Li, Hong Cao, Qian Qian Wu, Zhao Xiang Zhang, and Hai Hui Ma. "The Comprehensive Test for Geothermal Tail-Water Disposal." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4522.

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Geothermal reservoirs and groundwater resources in layered porous media in large sedimentary basins have enormous exploitation potential because of their extensive distribution, great quantity, and feasible temperatures and drilling depths. The discharge of geothermal wastewater (i.e. tail-water) on the surface is a serious environmental issue because of its high salinity content, so the Bureau of Geology Exploration and Mineral Resources Exploitation in Shandong Province, China called for the study of the disposal technique of the geothermal tail-water. The disposal test process is as follows: take the waste of geothermal water to make physics-chemistry preparative disposal; filtration with manganese-sand set and/or double-medium equipment; filtration with ion exchange resins; nanofiltration membrane separation; and reverse osmosis separation. After separation, the cheap, clean water can be used as a material for chemical plants. However, in the case of deeply embedded geothermal groundwater resources, connate water(buried water), or bad recharge conditions, must be dried up for a long time exploitation, causing ground depression. Therefore, it is concluded that systems utilizing reinjection, i.e. closed-circuit cycle mode injection, in sandstone reservoirs are ideal for the realization of sustainable exploitation of the geothermal groundwater resources with favorable environmental conditions on the surface.
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Hambrick, Donald C. "The fattest of the fat cats: observations on Aguinis and colleagues’ findings on CEO pay." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 16, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-04-2017-0741.

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Purpose This paper aims to elaborate upon the work of Aguinis and colleagues (this issue), who showed that there is almost no overlap between the chief executive officers (CEOs; of American publicly traded corporations) who are in the upper tail of the CEO pay distribution and the firms that are in the upper tail of the performance distribution. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an essay/commentary regarding the merits and implications of the paper by Aguinis and colleagues. Findings Drawing upon prior work, the author proposes that CEOs’ tenure-long pay patterns are established – essentially baked-in or hardwired – when CEOs first get hired. For various reasons, some CEOs receive ultra-grand pay packages at the outset of their tenures, and nothing – including mediocre performance – brings about subsequent diminishment of those sweet terms. Research limitations/implications This paper sheds new light on the work by Aguinis and colleagues, in turn contributing new insights about the fairness (or lack thereof) of CEO pay determinations. Originality/value This paper integrates Aguinis and colleagues with prior works on CEO over- and underpayment.
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Das, Chinmay, and Peter D. Olmsted. "The physics of stratum corneum lipid membranes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2072 (July 28, 2016): 20150126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0126.

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The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of skin, comprises rigid corneocytes (keratin-filled dead cells) in a specialized lipid matrix. The continuous lipid matrix provides the main barrier against uncontrolled water loss and invasion of external pathogens. Unlike all other biological lipid membranes (such as intracellular organelles and plasma membranes), molecules in the SC lipid matrix show small hydrophilic groups and large variability in the length of the alkyl tails and in the numbers and positions of groups that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular simulations provide a route for systematically probing the effects of each of these differences separately. In this article, we present the results from atomistic molecular dynamics of selected lipid bilayers and multi-layers to probe the effect of these polydispersities. We address the nature of the tail packing in the gel-like phase, the hydrogen bond network among head groups, the bending moduli expected for leaflets comprising SC lipids and the conformation of very long ceramide lipids in multi-bilayer lipid assemblies. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation’.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LONG TAIL ISSUE"

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SODERA, NITIN. "ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS TO COUNTER LONG TAIL ISSUE IN RECOMMENDER SYSTEM." Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15986.

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Today’s world is all about information, with most of it online which enables anytime, anywhere, easy and unlimited access; participation & publishing of information has consequently escalated the suffering of ‘Information Glut’. Such increase in data leads to information overload, thus creating a high level of stress and chaos. So, as to save the person from this misperception and in order to make the surfing practice better, RS was introduced. Assisting users’ informational searches with reduced reading or surfing time by extracting and evaluating accurate, authentic & relevant information are the primary concerns in the present milieu. The recommendation system is defined as the software technology/tools that make relevant suggestions to a user. Nowadays, the most prominent problem while making a recommender system is a cold start and long tail problem. Where we deal with new and rare data items thus creating sparsity in the dataset. Which in turns leads to suggesting same items to the user again and again. Thus, there's a great need in dealing and evaluating various algorithms to leverage long tail recommender system. The long Tail problem happens when we deal with relatively rare item set. It is a persistent version of cold start problem. To leverage it, four different algorithms to compare and contrast long tail issue in Recommender system have been studied and implemented.
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Books on the topic "LONG TAIL ISSUE"

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Pien, Lark. Long Tail Kitty, come out and play. 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "LONG TAIL ISSUE"

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Webster, Timothy. "The Long Tail of World War II." In Just Peace After Conflict, 315–28. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823285.003.0018.

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The shadow of World War II still looms over East Asia. Unlike the West, issues of state accountability, corporate liability, and individual reparation roil the victims, governments, and civil society organizations. It stills form a critical, often controversial, backdrop for international relations among China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian nations. This chapter fills an important gap by focusing on jus post bellum outside of the West. The chapter examines the results, motivations, and achievements of civil litigation, namely approximately one hundred World War II reparations lawsuits filed in Japan. In so doing, it answers three related questions. Why does World War II still generate controversy in the contemporary geopolitical triangle of China, Japan, and Korea? How has litigation contributed to the reconciliation process? What are the broader prospects in the future?
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Verschuur, Gerrit L. "The Nineteenth-Century Perspective." In Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.003.0009.

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If comets and asteroids have a habit of wandering dangerously close to the earth, why wasn’t the danger recognized a long time ago? It was. In fact, before the beginning of the twentieth century the threat of comets was taken for granted (asteroids had not yet entered the picture). Most astronomers in the nineteenth century accepted that the danger of collision was so obvious that it hardly warranted argument. How they elaborated on the danger varied from the understated, as in the case of Sir John Herschel who in 1835 said that the experience of passing through a comet’s tail might not be “unattended by danger,” to the dramatic, as we shall see. In 1840, Thomas Dick, a well-known popularizer of astronomy, wrote a wonderful book entitled The Sidereal Heavens. In it he reviewed all that was known about the heavens, and did so from a theologian’s perspective. This meant that he repeatedly reminded his readers that the splendor of the night skies was largely the responsibility of the “Divine.” But then, if the existence of planets, comets, nebulae, stars, the sun and moon could be attributed to God, this raised a difficult issue for Dick. If comets were also part of God’s plan, why did the threat of impact exist? Surely God would never allow his creation to be destroyed. Dick did not shy from his predicament and began to search for an answer by conceding that little was known about the nature and origin of comets. At the time it was thought that the head of a comet probably consisted of “something analogous to globular masses of vapor, slightly condensed towards the center, and shining either by inherent light or by the reflected rays of the sun.” The reason he could not be sure as to why the head glowed was because the means to study the properties of light had not yet been invented. That required the development of the spectroscope decades later, a device that breaks light into its various colors, which, when examined closely, can reveal the chemical signature of the object from which the light arrives.
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Wheatley, Anna Copeland, and Lillie M. Hibbler-Britt. "Chapter 7 The Long Tail of Generation Z and the Future of a Freelance Economy." In Advances in the Technology of Managing People: Contemporary Issues in Business, 83–92. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-073-920191007.

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Luo, Chuliang, Terry Sicular, and Shi Li. "Overview." In Changing Trends in China's Inequality, 35–75. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190077938.003.0002.

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This chapter presents national estimates of incomes and inequality for 2007 and 2013. It begins with discussion of the CHIP datasets and measurement issues. It then reports core estimates of income and inequality, which indicate a modest decline in inequality during this period. Estimates are reported separately for formal urban residents, rural residents, and rural-to-urban migrants, with discussion of the effects of migration on inequality. Incomes and inequality are decomposed among the different sources of income; the urban/rural and regional income gaps are investigated. Alternative estimates of national inequality—using different income definitions, inequality indexes, and prices—are reported, as well as estimates that adjust for the underrepresentation of incomes in the top tail of the income distribution. The estimated decline in national inequality survives some but not all of these alternative calculations and thus raises questions about the magnitude and long-term sustainability of the inequality decline.
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Rogers, Bruce. "The Dynamics of Web Traffic." In The Internet Trap, 82–101. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159263.003.0005.

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This chapter aims to build better models of web traffic. It shows how web traffic is roughly power law distributed, in which a highly concentrated “head” of the Web is coupled with a long, diffuse “tail” of tiny sites. These power law-like patterns have provoked vigorous debate about whether the Web is dominated by new or old elites. To address these issues, this chapter builds new models that scale seamlessly from the largest websites down to hundreds of smaller ones. It builds and tests these models with a rich dataset from Hitwise, a web measurement firm. As this chapter shows, digital audience growth follows predictable patterns. These patterns look much like the growth of cities over time, or the fluctuations of stocks on an equity market (more on that shortly), or even the growth and decline of biological species. This chapter borrows mathematical models and techniques from other disciplines to demonstrate these patterns, focus with a focus on understanding the principles and intuition behind the models.
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French, Sarah Ullrich, and Anne E. Cox. "Mindfulness in Exercise Psychology." In Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, 223–37. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512494.003.0016.

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Mindfulness is a popular strategy to enhance well-being and shows potential for fostering exercise motivation and behavior. Mindful movement has long been practiced (e.g., yoga, tai chi), but empirical evidence on mindfulness in exercise has only recently emerged. This chapter outlines the key features of mindfulness and reviews research linking mindfulness to exercise experiences, motivation, and behavior. Theoretical explanations are provided for how and why mindfulness can play a role in exercise. Five key readings are suggested that highlight what is known about mindfulness in exercise psychology. Five questions are posed in detail that will help move the field forward in understanding mindfulness in exercise. Questions address theoretical, methodological, and applied issues that have yet to be thoroughly explored in the literature.
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Daisy, Anjali. "Assessing the Emotional Competencies of Information Technology Employees." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 208–42. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2478-0.ch009.

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The information technology sector plays a critical role in driving the growth and innovation of a country and helps nations to sustain their national competitiveness. While the industry has significant headroom for growth, it is battling with a few issues at present. The work environment of an IT industry is characterized by long and odd working shifts, critical time deadlines, monotonous types of jobs, etc. Hence, it is evident that a sharp focus on the workplace emotions and the related emotional competencies of the IT employees is the need of the hour. From the review of previous research, it was evident that there is a dearth of emotional intelligence research in India. Specifically, the IT sector was not focused on a holistic approach. With this lacuna in mind, the present study focused on assessing the emotional competencies of the employees of the IT sector in Tamil Nadu and bringing out the impact of emotional competencies on their team effectiveness, career satisfaction, person-organisation fit, and well-being.
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Moore, Scott M. "conclusion." In Subnational Hydropolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864101.003.0012.

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Arizona governor B.B. Moeur’s 1934 declaration of martial law to prevent construction of a dam to supply California with water now belongs to history. The open political conflict that characterized the early relationship between the states of the Colorado River basin has given way to extensive cooperation, even as water scarcity poses an ever–greater challenge for management of the basin’s water resources. Yet halfway around the world, in India, history threatens to repeat itself. In April 2013, the Indian press reported a most unusual case of espionage: the police in Kerala, a southern state engaged in a long–running river basin dispute with the adjacent state of Tamil Nadu, announced that they had uncovered a spy working on behalf of their neighbor, who they charged had “developed a wide network with officials and ministers to source vital info regarding Kerala’s stand on interstate water issues” (Express News Service 2013). Both the 1934 invocation of martial law and the more recent 2013 allegation of espionage are poignant examples of behavior common to countries but not to subnational states. Though fortunately rare, they attest to the gravity of conflict over water that occurs within countries, rather than between them. These subnational hydropolitics are both surprisingly common and conceptually puzzling, for they occur despite the existence of relationships and institutions, ranging from water ministries to political party structures, that may be expected to prevent them. This book helps to explain why water so often proves to be a focal point for political conflict within nations as well as among them. This conclusion first reprises the argument of the book and its implications, then discusses directions for future research. Finally, it offers some policy recommendations for countries like India where sustainable water resource management is undermined by extensive subnational political conflict over water. In a world where water needs are growing rapidly even as water supply variability increases due to climate change, it is critical to understand the politics of water at subnational as well as international levels—and how this understanding can be leveraged to improve water resource management.
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"altae. Rhizoma crassum abbreviatum, fuscum, tenuiter fibrillosum. Caules 5-8 (10), foliis emortuis haud involucrati, ascendentes vel recti, simplices, vegetatione abeunte superne subramosi, pilis simplicibus semiappressis longis tecti. Folia radicalia numerosa, haud congesta, spathulata vel oblongo-elliptica obtusa, 2-5 cm longa, 0.4-1.2 cm lata, longe petiolata, petiolo lamina duplo-triplo longiore, pilis longis patentibus et semiappressis utrinque tecta, caulina sessilia ovata vel anguste ovata, breviter acuminata, basi lata, cauli semiappressa, pilis rectis semiappressis et patentibus utrinque, margine praecipue, tecta. Inflorescentia e cincinnis 2-3 formata, anthesi ineunte compacta, abeunte vero plus minusue laxa, brevis, caule 4-5-plo brevior. Flores pallide vel atro-cyanei. Calyx minus, quam ad 2/3 in lacinias acute triangulares fissus , florifer 2-3 mm longus, fructifer 3-4 mm longus, pilis rectis appressis et semiappressis densis (falciformibus et hamatis basi nullis) vestitus. Coroll a coerulea, limbo 6-7 mm diam., tubo ca. 2 mm longo, lobis late orbicularibus. Stylus calice brevior. Pedicelli fructiferi 4.5-5 mm longi, patentes, pilis rectis brevibus dense vestiti. Eremi 1.7-1.8 mm longi, elliptici, atro-fusci, margine angustissime alati, ventre subcarinati, areola late elliptica, canaliculis lateralibus exarata. Typus: Orientalis Sajan, jugum Udinskij fontem fluminus Issug-Sug, regio alpis 2050 ms.m., tundra lichenosa, 15/VI1961, L. Malyschev (NSK). Affinitas. Species M. asiática (Vestergren) Schischkin et Serg. arcticae incolae valde affinis et olim cum ea saepe conjuncta sed, eremis late ellipticis (nee anguste ellipticis), margine anguste alatis (nee late, apice praecipue alatis), foliis utrinque pilosis (nee subtus glabris), calycis dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis divergentibus (nee lineari-lanceolatis conniventibus), calyce pilis tenuibus rectis tantum (nee rectis et falciformibus) tecto differt. Perennial green loose-caespitose multicaulis (10) 15-20 cm tall plant. Rhizome stout, contracted, brown, with slender cinnamonic fibrils. Stems 5-8 (10), without involucre of dead leaves, ascending or erect, simple, weakly branched i n upper part toward end of vegetation, pubescent with long semiappressed simple hairs. Radical leaves many, not aggregated, spatulate or oblong-elliptical, obtuse, 2-5 cm long, 0.4-1.2 cm broad, long-petiolate, 2-3 times surpassing, leaf blade, pubescent on both surfaces with long patent and semiappressed hairs. Cauline leaves sessile, ovate or narrow-ovate, short-cuspidate, with broad base, semiappressed to stem, pubescent on both surfaces and specially along margin with erect semiappressed and patent hairs. Inflorescence consisting of 2 or 3 whorls, compact at commencement of anthesis, mor e or less lax toward end of anthesis, short, reaching 1/5-1/4 of stem length. Corolla blue, limb 6-7 mm in diam., tube about 2 mm long, lobes broad-orbicular. Style shorter than calyx. Calyx incised for less than 2/3 into sharp deltoid lobes, 2-3 mm long in flower, 3-4 mm long in fruit, compactly pubescent with only erect and semiappressed hairs; falcate and uncinate hairs absent at base of calyx. Fruit stems 4.5-5 mm long, declinate from stem, compactly pubescent with short erect hairs. Erema 1.7-1.8 mm long, elliptical,." In Flora of Siberia, Vol. 11, 137–39. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482279696-24.

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Conference papers on the topic "LONG TAIL ISSUE"

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Cuttone, Andrea, and Jakob Eg Larsen. "The long tail issue in large scale deployment of personal informatics." In UbiComp '14: The 2014 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641319.

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Chen, Lei, and Tianqi Wang. "Utilizing Contrastive Learning To Address Long Tail Issue in Product Categorization." In CIKM '22: The 31st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511808.3557522.

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Xiao, Yuze, Jianan Li, Shiqi Huang, Ning Shen, Jinhua Zhang, Fengwen Mi, and Tingfa Xu. "Dealing with Long-tail Issue in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema Grading." In ICBEA 2022: 2022 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3543081.3543088.

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He, Tao, Lianli Gao, Jingkuan Song, Jianfei Cai, and Yuan-Fang Li. "Learning from the Scene and Borrowing from the Rich: Tackling the Long Tail in Scene Graph Generation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/82.

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Despite the huge progress in scene graph generation in recent years, its long-tail distribution in object relationships remains a challenging and pestering issue. Existing methods largely rely on either external knowledge or statistical bias information to alleviate this problem. In this paper, we tackle this issue from another two aspects: (1) scene-object interaction aiming at learning specific knowledge from a scene via an additive attention mechanism; and (2) long-tail knowledge transfer which tries to transfer the rich knowledge learned from the head into the tail. Extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset Visual Genome on three tasks demonstrate that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art competitors. Our source code is available at https://github.com/htlsn/issg.
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Diao, Xiaolei, Daqian Shi, Hao Tang, Qiang Shen, Yanzeng Li, Lei Wu, and Hao Xu. "RZCR: Zero-shot Character Recognition via Radical-based Reasoning." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/73.

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The long-tail effect is a common issue that limits the performance of deep learning models on real-world datasets. Character image datasets are also affected by such unbalanced data distribution due to differences in character usage frequency. Thus, current character recognition methods are limited when applied in the real world, especially for the categories in the tail that lack training samples, e.g., uncommon characters. In this paper, we propose a zero-shot character recognition framework via radical-based reasoning, called RZCR, to improve the recognition performance of few-sample character categories in the tail. Specifically, we exploit radicals, the graphical units of characters, by decomposing and reconstructing characters according to orthography. RZCR consists of a visual semantic fusion-based radical information extractor (RIE) and a knowledge graph character reasoner (KGR). RIE aims to recognize candidate radicals and their possible structural relations from character images in parallel. The results are then fed into KGR to recognize the target character by reasoning with a knowledge graph. We validate our method on multiple datasets, and RZCR shows promising experimental results, especially on few-sample character datasets.
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der Toorn, Olivier van, Roland van Rijswijk-Deij, Tobias Fiebig, Martina Lindorfer, and Anna Sperotto. "TXTing 101: Finding Security Issues in the Long Tail of DNS TXT Records." In 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurospw51379.2020.00080.

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Meenakshi, Meenakshi, and Satpal. "A Novel Approach Web Services Based Long Tail Web Services Using Deep Neural Network." In 2019 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icict46931.2019.8977655.

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Nasser, Fatima Abdulwahab, Halah Noor Nasir, Zain Zaki Zakaria, and Huseyin Yalcin. "Toxicity Assessment of Treated Sewage Effluent using the Zebrafish Embryo Model." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0218.

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Background: In a context of tremendous economic value, the management and protection of water resources in Qatar has long been a significant issue as part of the global wastewater management plan. The process is based on several stages of treatment in order to deliver high-quality effluent standard. Treated sewage effluent (TSE) can potentially be used for agriculture in Qatar and it should be biologically evaluated before releasing it to the environment. TSE water can be further filtered with techniques that include reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and nanofiltration. Aim: This project aims to assess the toxicity of differently treated sewage effluent water on the environement using the zebrafish model. Our approach will also be relevant to the assessment of the water quality for agriculture use. Methods: Zebrafish embryos were cultured in different effluent water samples filtered with different techniques. Toxicicity of water was assessed via multiple assasys including: survival rate, tail flicking, and hatching rate. Cardiotoxicity assessment was performed via blood velocity, cardiac output and vessels diameter measurement in major vessels, as well as gene expression for heart failure markers of ANP and BNP by PCR. Results: Samples filtered via Reverse osmosis and nano-filtration resulted in most toxicity. Total dissolved solvent (TDS) measurements were also highest in those samples, suggesting these filteration techniques may result in release of toxic compounds to effluent water. Toxicity assessment is currently ongoing to confirm the findindgs. Conclusion: Utilization of TSE for environmental and agricultural purposes will have an economical value in the nation. It is critically important to determine the most efficient and less toxic ways of water filteration. Zebrafish is a practical model that can be used to assess water toxicity. This project aims to examine toxicity of effluent water filteration techniques using the zebrafish model.
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Babanin, Alexander V. "Physics-Based Approach to Wave Statistics and Probability." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10416.

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Design criteria in ocean engineering, whether this is one in 50 years or one in 5000 years event, are hardly ever based on measurements, and rather on statistical distributions of relevant metocean properties. Of utmost interest is the tail of these distributions, that is rare events such as the highest waves with low probability. Engineers have long since realised that the superposition of linear waves with narrow-banded spectrum as depicted by the Rayleigh distribution underestimates the probability of extreme wave crests, and is not adequate for wave heights either, which is a critical shortcoming as far as the engineering design is concerned. Ongoing theoretical and experimental efforts have been under way for decades to address this issue. Here, we will concentrate on short-term statistics, i.e. probability of crests/heights of individual waves. Typical approach is to treat all possible waves in the ocean or at a particular location as a single ensemble for which some comprehensive solution can be found. The oceanographic knowledge, however, now indicates that no single and united comprehensive solution is possible. Probability distributions in different physical circumstances should be different, and by combining them together the inevitable scatter is introduced. The scatter and the accuracy will not improve by increasing the bulk data quality and quantity, and it hides the actual distribution of extreme events. The groups have to be separated and their probability distributions treated individually. The paper offers a review of physical conditions, from simple one-dimensional trains of free waves to realistic two-dimensional wind-forced wave fields, in order to understand where different probability distributions can be expected. If the wave trains/fields in the wave records are stable, distributions for the second-order waves should serve well. If modulational instability is active, rare extreme events not predicted by the second-order theory should become possible. This depends on wave steepness, bandwidth and directionality. Mean steepness also defines the wave breaking and therefore the upper limit for wave heights in this group of conditions. Under hurricane-like circumstances, the instability gives way to direct wind forcing, and yet another statistics is to be expected.
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Lee, Sung Ho, Yong Ho Yoo, Tae Jung Park, Jin Choi, Ju Hyeon Ahn, Seok Sik Kim, Chang-Jin Kang, Seok Woo Nam, Joo Young Lee, and Gyo Young Jin. "DRAM Static Refresh Weak Cell Characterization and Structure Analysis." In ISTFA 2011. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2011p0182.

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Abstract Data retention characteristic is one of the most critical issues in low power DRAMs because it determines idle currents of self-refresh operation. Compared to normal healthy cells, a few ppm orders of cells in a tail distribution have much higher leakage currents. The origin of the leaky cells (so called weak cells or tail cells) has been quite arguable for the past decades [1, 2], but it should be scrutinized in order to achieve long data retention time. In this paper, we have thoroughly investigated the behavior of the retention weak cells using a newly generated combination program and TEM analysis so as to discover and explain their origins
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Reports on the topic "LONG TAIL ISSUE"

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Nikam, Jaee, Daniel Ddiba, and George Njoroge. Analysis of the Plastic Waste Value Chain in India: A Scoping Study. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.037.

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Plastic waste accumulation and inadequate disposal are global issues that are especially problematic for countries with large and growing populations and long coastlines, such as India. This report provides an overview of the complex plastic value chain in India, the key stakeholders involved, and their roles and interactions. Also provided are an overview of some innovative solutions along the plastic value chain and a map of relevant policies and regulations, both nationally and focusing on Tamil Nadu State, as well as the barriers and enablers for their implementation.
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