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Academic literature on the topic 'Long spark'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Long spark"

Zhou, J., G. Brum, A. González, B. S. Launikonis, M. D. Stern, and E. Ríos. "Ca2+ Sparks and Embers of Mammalian Muscle. Properties of the Sources." Journal of General Physiology 122, no. 1 (June 30, 2003): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200308796.

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Ca2+ sparks of membrane-permeabilized rat muscle cells were analyzed to derive properties of their sources. Most events identified in longitudinal confocal line scans looked like sparks, but 23% (1,000 out of 4,300) were followed by long-lasting embers. Some were preceded by embers, and 48 were “lone embers.” Average spatial width was ∼2 μm in the rat and 1.5 μm in frog events in analogous solutions. Amplitudes were 33% smaller and rise times 50% greater in the rat. Differences were highly significant. The greater spatial width was not a consequence of greater open time of the rat source, and was greatest at the shortest rise times, suggesting a wider Ca2+ source. In the rat, but not the frog, spark width was greater in scans transversal to the fiber axis. These features suggested that rat spark sources were elongated transversally. Ca2+ release was calculated in averages of sparks with long embers. Release current during the averaged ember started at 3 or 7 pA (depending on assumptions), whereas in lone embers it was 0.7 or 1.3 pA, which suggests that embers that trail sparks start with five open channels. Analysis of a spark with leading ember yielded a current ratio ranging from 37 to 160 in spark and ember, as if 37–160 channels opened in the spark. In simulations, 25–60 pA of Ca2+ current exiting a point source was required to reproduce frog sparks. 130 pA, exiting a cylindric source of 3 μm, qualitatively reproduced rat sparks. In conclusion, sparks of rat muscle require a greater current than frog sparks, exiting a source elongated transversally to the fiber axis, constituted by 35–260 channels. Not infrequently, a few of those remain open and produce the trailing ember.

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Satoh, H., L. A. Blatter, and D. M. Bers. "Effects of [Ca2+]i, SR Ca2+ load, and rest on Ca2+ spark frequency in ventricular myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): H657—H668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.2.h657.

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In heart, spontaneous local increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) called "Ca2+ sparks" may be fundamental events underlying both excitation-contraction coupling and resting Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In this study, resting Ca2+ sparks were analyzed in rabbit and rat ventricular myocytes with laser scanning confocal microscopy and the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fluo 3. During the first 20 s of rest after regular electrical stimulation, both the frequency of Ca2+ sparks and SR Ca2+ content gradually decreased in rabbit. When rabbit SR Ca2+ content was decreased by reduction of stimulation rate. the initial resting spark frequency was also decreased, even though resting [Ca2+]i was unchanged. The rest-dependent decrease in spark frequency in rabbit cells was prevented by inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchange (which also prevents SR Ca2+ depletion during rest). These results suggest that elevation of SR Ca2+ content can increase Ca2+ spark frequency. In contrast to rabbit cells, 20 s of rest produced a gradual increase in spark frequency in rat cells, although SR Ca2+ content was constant and Ca2+ influx was completely prevented. This indicates that there is a time-dependent increase in spark probability during rest that is independent of [Ca2+]i or SR Ca2+. This effect was also apparent in rabbit cells when SR Ca2+ depletion was prevented by blocking Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Stimulation of Ca2+ extrusion via Na+/Ca2+ exchange in the rat (by Ca2+-free superfusion, which slowly depletes SR Ca2+ content) converted the normal rest-dependent increase in spark frequency to a decrease. The amplitude of individual Ca2+ sparks increased with increasing SR Ca2+ content. In the Ca2+-overloaded state, fusion of sparks or long-lasting localized increases of [Ca2+]i were observed with increased spark frequency. We conclude that the resting frequency of Ca2+ sparks can be independently affected by changes in SR Ca2+ content, [Ca2+]i, or rest period. The latter may reflect recovery of the SR Ca2+ release channels from inactivation or adaptation.

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Zhao, Zheng, Chenjie Li, Xinlei Zheng, Anbang Sun, and Jiangtao Li. "Periodical discharge regime transitions under long-term repetitive nanosecond pulses." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac6050.

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Abstract Intuitively, the nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) corona and spark regimes are sustained successively after onsets due to the high background electron density and/or the surplus heat. In this paper, the NRP discharge unexpectedly swings among different regimes (corona → glow → spark → corona → …) in one pulse train, which is characterized by the periodical spark quench and reestablishment. We have investigated discharge regime instabilities by applying long-term repetitive high-voltage nanosecond pulses of ∼15 ns duration to needle–needle and needle–plane gaps in atmospheric-pressure N2 and N2–O2 mixtures. Pulse-sequence resolved electrical and optical diagnostics have been implemented to capture transition processes. The initial corona gradually grows into glow and then spark ‘pulse-by-pulse’, however, the spark regime was interrupted after a certain number of voltage pulses until the next reestablishment. Narrow pulse width impedes the discharge instability growth within one pulse, and a certain number of voltage pulses are required for the discharge regime transition. The addition of O2 dramatically boosts the duration length of spark regime. A lower output impedance of the power supply induces a higher deposited energy into a spark, however, not necessarily leads to a longer spark regime duration, although both the energy storage and the average electric field strength are approximate. Polarity effects, conventionally diminished in pulse-periodic discharges, are still evident during the discharge regime transition. The periodical discharge regime transition is qualitatively explained based on the plasma–source coupling and the evolution trajectory along the power transfer curve. Feedback mechanisms and residual-conductivity related screening effect in NRP spark discharges are analyzed based on a simplified 0D simulation. The periodical feature is probably caused by the insufficient average deposited energy per unit distance per one pulse cycle. In-depth understandings of ‘non-binary’ regimes (neither corona nor spark) and memory effect mechanisms of NRP discharges could be reached.

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Shelobolin, A. V. "Long laser spark and electric gas breakdown." Plasma Physics Reports 26, no. 4 (April 2000): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.952856.

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Brookes, Ken. "Long life demands spark probe into tool performance." Metal Powder Report 62, no. 1 (January 2007): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(07)70022-x.

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Danilov, O. B., and S. A. Tul'ski. "An electrical discharge initiated by a long laser spark." Journal of Optical Technology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.66.000187.

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Savel'eva, V. P. "Optical shaping systems for generating a long laser spark." Journal of Optical Technology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.66.000215.

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Hopland, Arnt O. "Long-run relationship between investment and maintenance in local governments." Facilities 34, no. 11/12 (August 1, 2016): 703–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-02-2015-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to analyze the relationship between maintenance of existent and investment in new infrastructure in Norwegian local governments. Design/methodology/approach A reduced form vector autoregressive system is estimated using a 29-year-long panel data set for the Norwegian local governments. Findings The data reveal that increased investment in new infrastructure sparks little, if any, increase in maintenance. The results also indicate that increased maintenance expenditures spark new investments. Because more investments mean more infrastructure and adequate maintenance should give that investments are not caused by maintenance, the results suggest that the local governments have not optimized their maintenance scheduling in this period. Originality/value Even though maintenance and investment are large expenditures that both serve as inputs to the stock of infrastructure, little is known about the relationship between the two. The findings in this paper suggests that Norwegian local governments have not planned their maintenance and investments well in the past, and this can be part of the explanation as to why local public infrastructure in Norway is presently in poor condition.

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Bogatov, Nikolay, Vladimir Syssoev, Marat Bulatov, and Dmitry Sukharevsky. "Microwave diagnostics of the streamer zone of a long spark." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193011007.

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Microwave diagnostics was first applied to the study of long spark and some new parameters of this discharge not available by the traditional experimental methods in this field were measured. The conditions of applicability of the method of measuring the high-frequency conductivity of the streamer zone by absorption of probing microwave radiation were theoretically analyzed.

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Bazelyan, E. M., and N. A. Popov. "Stepwise Development of a Positive Long Spark in the Air." Plasma Physics Reports 46, no. 3 (March 2020): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x20030022.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long spark"

Arevalo, Liliana. "Numerical Simulations of Long Spark and Lightning Attachment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149171.

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The research work presented here is concerned with numerical simulations of two different electrical phenomena: Long gap electrical discharges under switching impulses and the lightning attachment process associated with positive upward leaders. The development of positive upward leaders and the progression of discharges in long gaps are attributable to two intertwined physical phenomena, namely, the leader channel and the streamer zone. The physical description and the proposed calculations of the above-mentioned phenomena are based on experimental tests conducted in long spark gaps. The methodology presented here proposes a new geometrical approximation for the representation of the streamer and the calculation of the accumulated electrical charge. Furthermore, two different approaches to representing the leader channel are applied and compared. Statistical delays before the inception of the first corona, and random distributions to represent the tortuous nature of the path taken by the leader channel were included based on the behavior observed in experimental tests, with the intention of ensuring the discharge behaved in a realistic manner. A reasonable agreement was found between the physical model and the experimental test results. A model is proposed to simulate the negative discharges produced by switching impulses using the methodology developed to simulate positive leader discharges and the physics underlying the negative leader phenomena. The validation of the method demonstrated that phenomena such as the pilot leader and negative leader currents are successfully represented. In addition, based on previous work conducted on the physics of lightning and the lightning attachment process, a new methodology is developed and tested. In this new approach, the background electric field and the ionized region, considered in conjunction with the advance of the leader segment, are computed using a novel method. The proposed methodology was employed to test two engineering methods that are accepted in international standards, the mesh method and the electro-geometrical method. The results demonstrated that the engineering approximations are consistent with the physical approach. In addition to the electrical phenomena mentioned above, one should remember that, to simplify the calculation, there are certain real effects arising from the lightning attachment process that have not been considered. In fact, when a structure is subjected to a strong electric field, it is possible to generate multiple upward leaders from that structure. This effect has not been taken into account in the numerical models available previously, and therefore the process of generating multiple upward leaders incepted over a structure is incorporated here. The results have shown that a slight advantage from the background electric field is enough for one upward connecting leader to take over, thereby forcing the others to abort the attachment process.

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Петков, Александр Александрович. "Особенности применения многошаговой модели для описания поражения объектов разрядом длинной искры." Thesis, Харківський національний економічний університет ім. Семена Кузнеця, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/26295.

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В работе обсуждается проблема определения адекватности статистической модели, которая описывает поражение объектов длинной искрой. Показана необходимость дополнительных исследований по выбору методов, которые обеспечивают проверку согласия результатов моделирования и экспериментального распределения точек поражения плоскости.
The paper discusses the problem of determining the adequacy of the statistical model, which describes the defeat of objects using long sparks. It has been shown that more research is needed on the choice of methods that provide verification agreement of simulation results and experimental plane distribution points defeat.

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Klasén, Erik. "Modeling and Estimation of Long Route EGR Mass Flow in a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131102.

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Due to the continuous work in the automobile industry to reduce the environmental impact, reduce fuel consumption and increase efficiency, new technologies need to be developed and implemented in vehicles. For spark ignited engines, one technology that has received more attention in recent years is long route Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), which means that exhaust gases after the turbine are transported back to the volume before the compressor in the air intake system of the engine. In this work, the components of the long route EGR system is modeled with mean value engine models in Simulink, and implemented in a existing Simulink engine model. Then different methods for estimating the mass flow over the long route EGR system are compared, and the transport delays for the recirculated exhaust gases in the engines air intake system are modeled. This work is based on measurements done on an engine rig, on which a long route EGR system was installed. Finally, some ideas on how a long route EGR system on a gasoline engine can be controlled are presented based on the results in this thesis work.

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Koutsoumpakis, Georgios. "Spark-based Application for Abnormal Log Detection." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233335.

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Ericsson is a world-leader in the rapidly-changing environment of communications technology and thus it is important to provide reliable and high quality networks. Automated test loops are executed frequently, trying to find problems in Ericsson's products but, since test cases alone are not always adequate, machine learning techniques are sometimes used to find abnormal system behaviour. The Awesome Automatic Log Analysis Application (AALAA) tries to find such behaviour by checking the log files produced during the testing, using machine learning techniques. Unfortunately, its performance is not sufficient as it requires a lot of time to process the logs and to train the model. This thesis manages to improve AALAAs performance by implementing a new version that uses Apache Spark, a general purpose cluster computing system, for both the processing of the data and for the training of the machine learning algorithm.

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Duncan, Tyeliah Elaine. "Modeling and centralization of strategic inventory for repairable and long lead-time spare parts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66067.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2011.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
This thesis develops an optimal inventory model for repairable and long leadtime spare parts for an Engine overhaul business. In addition, it presents a business case for centralization of inventory. Pratt & Whitney purchased the Norway Engine Center (NEC) in 2000. Two new engine centers, the Shanghai Engine Center (SEC) and the Turkey Engine Center (TEC) opened as joint ventures in 2009. While all three engine centers overhaul the same engine, they each make independent decisions regarding material strategy. Operations are expected to grow substantially at the two newest centers. Current inventory practices are not sustainable as operations expand. In addition, the overhaul business is a competitive market and there is growing pressure to decrease engine turn-around-time (TAT). An optimal material strategy is needed to reduce the material sourcing time and therefore reduce overall TAT. This project develops an inventory strategy that will significantly reduce TAT with minimal additional inventory investment. To accomplish this, an inventory model was developed to determine the optimal inventory level and then using this model, the business case for using centralization to reduce both holding cost and material sourcing time was investigated. All inventory in the engine centers were considered in this project, however rotable material became the focus of this research as it has the largest impact on the engine center through its high value and long lead-times. Rotable material is inventory used to buffer against the lead-time of parts out for repair. In the engine overhaul business material sourcing time is built into the process. This means that material is not needed immediately but rather after some specified amount of time. This feature is central to the rotable inventory model. The model determines the mean and variance of the excess lead-time - the portion of the lead-time that occurs after the specified time allotted. The excess lead-time is used to determine the optimal reorder point. Using this model, we show that centralization of rotable material will reduce inventory value by more than 30% over the current decentralized system both using the current TAT as well as the proposed TAT.
by Tyeliah Elaine Duncan.
S.M.
M.B.A.

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Arcanjo, Marcelo Augusto Sousa. "Corona discharges from grounded rods and 337/777 nm emissions of laboratory long sparks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673993.

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This thesis presents an investigation on the signatures of corona discharges from grounded rods under thunderstorms and in the laboratory, with optical detections in the 337/777 nm wavelengths for high voltage sparks. This PhD project is contextualized in the European program: Science and Innovation with thunderstorms (SAINT), funded by the Horizon 2020 / Marie Sklodowska Curie Action (Grant agreement ID: 722337). Under conditions of electrification, charged clouds produce an enhancement of the electric field at the ground level. That, in turn, can lead to corona discharges that produce a space charge layer in the vicinity of grounded structures. The study of this phenomenon is useful for the understanding of lightning-related processes and attachment. In addition to the electrical current obtained from the discharges, another important variable is the optical signature generated by the plasma channels. Emissions in many spectra lines associated with reactions of streamers and leaders with the main components of the atmosphere are relevant for visual observations. This work presents a chapter for current literature review of the processes associated with lightning and the main concepts applied. Then, a detailed description of the instrumentation available for the tests carried out in the laboratory and in the field is provided. The first article of this compendium presents data obtained with experiments of a grounded rod under high background electric field in the laboratory and the field. A limited number of works in the literature have presented such data. An analysis correlating pulse frequency, electric field level and average wind speed is the main novelty of the article. A congress paper annexed in the thesis complements the findings comparing the discharges observed at two other experimental sites. The second article describes a compilation of results obtained in the laboratory for investigating optical signatures in two specific lines of the spectra (337 nm and 777 nm), the ones with stronger emissions in lightning-like events. There is special relevance of such experiments for supporting satellite-based observations of lightning by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) that perform optical measurements in the same wavelength ranges and the operational lightning imagers such as Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and the future Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager (MTG-LI). The conclusions are presented, together with the prospects for future work following the original results achieved with this PhD. This thesis ends with a detailed description of the dissemination activities (presentation at seminars and conferences, coauthored publications in journals and at conferences) and training activities received throughout this project. Finally, the appendix present additional developments and applications of the sensor developed during this doctorate, comprising experiments performed during a two-month internship at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), and one section with results for the use of photometers to determine the initiation of an upward leader. Such experiments are particularly interesting for understanding space charge production and in the validation of lightning rods. The concepts applied to the development of a corona discharge current sensor were patented together with Dena Desarrollos, the company where the investigations were carried out during this doctorate.
Esta tesis presenta una investigación sobre las huellas de descargas de corona en pararrayos durante tormentas eléctricas y en el laboratorio, con detecciones ópticas en las longitudes de onda de 337/777 nm para descargas de alto voltaje. Este proyecto de doctorado se contextualiza en el programa europeo: Science and Innovation with thunderstorms (SAINT), financiado por la Acción Horizon 2020 / Marie Sklodowska Curie (Acuerdo de subvención ID: 722337). En condiciones de electrificación, las nubes cargadas producen un aumento del campo eléctrico a nivel del suelo. Eso, a su vez, puede ocasionar descargas de corona que producen una capa de carga espacial en las proximidades de las estructuras conectadas a tierra. El estudio de este fenómeno es útil para comprender los procesos y la conexión de los canales de los rayos. Además de la corriente eléctrica obtenida de las descargas, otra variable importante es la huella óptica (las señales ópticas a lo largo del tiempo) generada por los canales de plasma. Las emisiones en muchas líneas espectrales asociadas con reacciones de streamers y líderes con los componentes principales de la atmósfera son relevantes para las observaciones visuales. Este trabajo presenta un capítulo de revisión de la literatura actual sobre los procesos asociados a las descargas atmosféricas y los principales conceptos aplicados. A continuación, se realiza una descripción detallada de la instrumentación disponible para las pruebas realizadas en laboratorio y en campo. El primer artículo de este compendio presenta datos obtenidos con experimentos de una varilla puesta a tierra sujeta a un campo eléctrico de fondo elevado en laboratorio y en campo. Un número limitado de trabajos en la literatura han presentado dichos datos. Un análisis que correlaciona la frecuencia del pulso, el nivel del campo eléctrico y la velocidad media del viento es la principal novedad del artículo. Un artículo presentado en congreso adjunto a la tesis complementa los resultados y realiza una comparación de las descargas observadas en otros dos sitios experimentales. El segundo artículo presenta una recopilación de resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio para la investigación de la huella óptica en dos líneas específicas de los espectros (337 nm y 777 nm), las que tienen emisiones más intensas en los rayos. Existe una relevancia especial de dichos experimentos para respaldar las observaciones de rayos basadas en satélites por el Monitor de Interacciones Atmosfera-Espacio (ASIM) que realiza mediciones ópticas en los mismos rangos de longitud de onda y los generadores de imágenes de rayos operacionales como Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) y el futuro Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager (MTG-LI). Se presentan las conclusiones, junto con las perspectivas de trabajo futuro siguiendo los resultados originales alcanzados con este doctorado. Esta tesis finaliza con una descripción detallada de las actividades de difusión (presentación en seminarios y congresos, publicaciones en coautoría en revistas y congresos) y actividades formativas recibidas a lo largo de este proyecto. Finalmente, el apéndice presenta desarrollos y aplicaciones adicionales del sensor desarrollado durante este doctorado, que comprende experimentos realizados durante período de prácticas de dos meses en la Universidad Tecnológica de Eindhoven (TU/e), y un apartado con resultados para el uso de fotómetros para determinar la iniciación de un líder ascendente. Estos experimentos son particularmente interesantes para comprender la producción de cargas espaciales y en la validación de pararrayos. Los conceptos aplicados al desarrollo del sensor de corriente de descarga corona fueron patentados junto con Dena Desarrollos, empresa donde se llevaron a cabo las investigaciones durante este doctorado.
Enginyeria Elèctrica

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Dubuc, Clémence. "A Real- time Log Correlation System for Security Information and Event Management." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300452.

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The correlation of several events in a period of time is a necessity for a threat detection platform. In the case of multistep attacks (attacks characterized by a sequence of executed commands), it allows detecting the different steps one by one and correlating them to raise an alert. It also allows detecting abnormal behaviors on the IT system, for example, multiple suspicious actions performed by the same account. The correlation of security events increases the security of the system and reduces the number of false positives. The correlation of the events is made thanks to pre- existing correlation rules. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of using a correlation engine based on Apache Spark. There is a necessity of changing the actual correlation system because it is not scalable, it cannot handle all the incoming data and it cannot perform some types of correlation like aggregating the events by attributes or counting the cardinality. The novelty is the improvement of the performance and the correlation capacities of the system. Two systems are proposed for correlating events in this project. The first one is based on Apache Spark Structured Streaming and analyzed the flow of security logs in real- time. As the results are not satisfactory, a second system is implemented. It uses a more traditional approach by storing the logs into an Elastic Search cluster and does correlation queries on it. In the end, the two systems are able to correlate the logs of the platform. Nevertheless, the system based on Apache Spark uses too many resources by correlation rule and it is too expensive to launch hundreds of correlation queries at the same time. For those reasons, the system based on Elastic Search is preferred and is implemented in the workflow.
Korrelation av flera händelser under en viss tidsperiod är en nödvändighet för plattformen för hotdetektering. När det gäller attacker i flera steg (attacker som kännetecknas av en sekvens av utförda kommandon) gör det möjligt att upptäcka de olika stegen ett efter ett och korrelera dem för att utlösa en varning. Den gör det också möjligt att upptäcka onormala beteenden i IT- systemet, t.ex. flera misstänkta åtgärder som utförs av samma konto. Korrelationen av säkerhetshändelser ökar systemets säkerhet och minskar antalet falska positiva upptäckter. Korrelationen av händelserna görs tack vare redan existerande korrelationsregler. Målet med den här avhandlingen är att utvärdera genomförbarheten av en korrelationsmotor baserad på Apache Spark. Det är nödvändigt att ändra det nuvarande korrelationssystemet eftersom det inte är skalbart, det kan inte hantera alla inkommande data och det kan inte utföra vissa typer av korrelation, t.ex. aggregering av händelserna efter attribut eller beräkning av kardinaliteten. Det nya är att förbättra systemets prestanda och korrelationskapacitet. I detta projekt föreslås två system för korrelering av händelser. Det första bygger på Apache Spark Structured Streaming och analyserade flödet av säkerhetsloggar i realtid. Eftersom resultaten inte var tillfredsställande har ett andra system införts. Det använder ett mer traditionellt tillvägagångssätt genom att lagra loggarna i ett Elastic Searchkluster och göra korrelationsförfrågningar på dem. I slutändan kan de två systemen korrelera plattformens loggar. Det system som bygger på Apache Spark använder dock för många resurser per korrelationsregel och det är för dyrt att starta hundratals korrelationsförfrågningar samtidigt. Av dessa skäl föredras systemet baserat på Elastic Search och det implementeras i arbetsflödet.

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Bock, Anna [Verfasser], Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Menzel, and Tim H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sparks. "Detection of the impacts of climate change on plants from novel unexploited long-term datasets / Anna Bock. Gutachter: Annette Menzel ; Tim H. Sparks. Betreuer: Annette Menzel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105149687X/34.

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Pospíšilová, Iva. "Mezinárodní standardy účetního výkaznictví versus česká úprava dlouhodobého majetku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221962.

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The master´s thesis deals with long-term assets. It contains analysis of differences in appreciation of the long-term assets between czech accounting legislation and international accounting standards IFRS/IAS, and succesive application of ascertained differences into the corporate enterprise with the target to find out the impact on trading income.

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CHEN, SHIH-HSUAN, and 陳世軒. "Integrating Latent Semantic Indexing and Clustering Algorithms to Develop a Long-Term Care 2.0 App based on Spark." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wnw89d.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
107
The main reason for the low usage rate of long-term care 2.0 is that most people do not understand the long-term care 2.0 system, and how to improve the awareness and usage of long-term care is the main purpose of this study. This study proposes to Integrating LSI, K-means and K-NN into Semantic Cloud Framework (ILKKSCF) to solve the above problems. The main of the system is to use the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), K-means and K-NN in Machine Learning and combine the Semantic Web, and to analyze Big Data based on cloud computing. Collect articles related to long-term care and divide them into words through Jieba. Matrix Market Format is used to transform words into matrix vectors, and TF-IDF is used to calculate the weights of words. Then LSI module is established to find out the hidden association between words, and then K-means algorithm is used to cluster the words. This research constructs a Long-Term Care Application Platform (LCAP), collects the user's problems about Long-Term 2.0 through LCAP, inputs them to the built LSI module, and classifies the problems by through K-NN algorithm. Finally, find out the matching articles through the Cosine Similarity to reply to the user. In addition, the user information collected by LCAP and the long-term care sites in Open Data are integrated into the long-term care sites and services recommended by Semantic Web. Due to the huge amount of data accumulated over the years, Spark is used to integrate Machine Learning and Semantic Web into cloud computing to improve the speed, and the K-value settings of Spark in LSI, K-means and cloud performance tests under different data volumes are compared. In this study, the accuracy and satisfaction of the survey are evaluated systematically. According to the results, LSI and K-means can meet the needs of the system at K=300, and the total satisfaction score of 5 is 4.15, which verifies the feasibility of ILKKSCF.

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Books on the topic "Long spark"

Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Internal Combustion Engine Division Technical. Proceedings of the 2004 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division: Presented at Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division, October 24-27, 2004, Long Beach, California, USA. New York, N.Y: ASME, 2004.

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Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Internal Combustion Engine Division Technical. Proceedings of the 2004 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division: Presented at 2004 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division : October 24-27, 2004, Long Beach, California, USA. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004.

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Spare Time in Texas: Recreation and history in the Lone Star State. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008.

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Weisbrod, Roberta. Clean Transportation for New York : A Long Road Ahead. INFORM, Inc, 2000.

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DeLapp-Birkett, Jennifer. Government Censorship and Aaron Copland’s Lincoln Portrait during the Second Red Scare. Edited by Patricia Hall. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733163.013.20.

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Aaron Copland suffered during the Second Red Scare that swept the United States after World War II. When Congressman Fred Busbey announced that the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) had compiled “a long record of questionable affiliations” proving Copland a “communist sympathizer” or “fellow traveler,” the 1953 Eisenhower inaugural committee cancelled a planned performance of Copland‘s Lincoln Portrait, and the allegations became national news. Copland’s progressive politics of the 1930s, his involvement in the 1949 Waldorf Peace Conference, and his association with the State Department--which some considered dangerously tolerant of homosexuals--made him a target for anti-communism of the Hearst press, the American Legion, the entertainment industry blacklist Red Channels, J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI, and Senator Joseph McCarthy. Copland narrowly escaped “naming names.” Though his public reputation ultimately recovered, in the early years of the Cold War his creative spark and cultural influence were sadly diminished.

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Bunk, Brian D. From Football to Soccer. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043888.001.0001.

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Across North America, Native Americans and colonists played a variety of kicking games long before soccer's emergence in the late 1800s. The book explores the development and social impact of these sports through the rise of professional soccer after World War I. The various games called football encouraged men to form social bonds based on educational experience, occupation, ethnic identity, or military service and gave women an outlet as athletes. Football followed young people to college as higher education expanded in the nineteenth century. University play, the arrival of immigrants from Great Britain, and the backing of industrial firms helped spark the creation of organized soccer in the United States. By the early twentieth century, soccer communities had become established in many cities around the country. These communities served as a foundation for the growth that occurred following the end of World War I.

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Stoughton, Seth W., Jeffrey J. Noble, and Geoffrey P. Alpert. Evaluating Police Uses of Force. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479814657.001.0001.

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The use of force by police has proven to be a challenging and divisive issue in the United States, and for good reason. Philosophically, the government’s use of violence against community members is in tension with basic democratic norms of individual liberty, personal security, and bodily autonomy. In practice, officers use force on hundreds of thousands of individuals every year. Police violence plays an important role in shaping public attitudes toward government generally and toward policing specifically. Community trust and confidence in policing has been undermined by the perception that officers are using force, including deadly force, unnecessarily, too frequently, or in problematically disparate ways. The use of force can also serve as a flashpoint, a spark that ignites long-simmering community hostility. There are, in short, compelling reasons to think critically about police uses of force. This book explores an essential, but largely overlooked, facet of the difficult and controversial issues of police violence and accountability: the question of how society evaluates police uses of force. The authors—a prominent legal scholar and former officer, a long-time police commander, and a distinguished criminologist—draw on their experience and decades of research to offer five different answers to that question, discussing in depth the rules established by constitutional law, state laws, agency policies, international law, and community expectations, and providing critical information about police tactics and force options to allow for the accurate application of those analytical frameworks.

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Glanville, Luke. Sharing Responsibility. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205021.001.0001.

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The idea that states share a responsibility to shield people everywhere from atrocities is presently under threat. Despite some early twenty-first century successes, including the 2005 United Nations endorsement of the Responsibility to Protect, the project has been placed into jeopardy due to catastrophes in such places as Syria, Myanmar, and Yemen; resurgent nationalism; and growing global antagonism. This book seeks to diagnose the current crisis in international protection by exploring its long and troubled history. With attention to ethics, law, and politics, the book measures what possibilities remain for protecting people wherever they reside from atrocities, despite formidable challenges in the international arena. With a focus on Western natural law and the European society of states, the book shows that the history of the shared responsibility to protect is marked by courageous efforts, as well as troubling ties to Western imperialism, evasion, and abuse. The project of safeguarding vulnerable populations can undoubtedly devolve into blame shifting and hypocrisy, but can also spark effective burden sharing among nations. The book considers how states should support this responsibility, whether it can be coherently codified in law, the extent to which states have embraced their responsibilities, and what might lead them to do so more reliably in the future. The author of the book wrestles with how countries should care for imperiled people and how the ideal of the responsibility to protect might inspire just behavior in an imperfect and troubled world.

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Armor, David J. Forced Justice. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090123.001.0001.

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School desegregation and "forced" busing first brought people to the barricades during the 1960s and 1970s, and the idea continues to spark controversy today whenever it is proposed. A quiet rage smolders in hundreds of public school systems, where court- ordered busing plans have been in place for over twenty years. Intended to remedy the social and educational disadvantages of minorities, desegregation policy has not produced any appreciable educational gains, while its political and social costs have been considerable. Now, on the fortieth anniversary of the Supreme Court's epic decision, Brown v. Board of Education, the legal and social justifications for school desegregation are ripe for reexamination. In Forced Justice, David J. Armor explores the benefits and drawbacks of voluntary and involuntary desegregation plans, especially those in communities with "magnet" schools. He finds that voluntary plans, which let parents decide which school program is best for their children, are just as effective in attaining long-term desegregation as mandatory busing, and that these plans generate far greater community support. Armor concludes by proposing a new policy of "equity" choice, which draws upon the best features of both the desegregation and choice movements. This policy promises both improved desegregation and greater educational choices for all, especially for the disadvantaged minority children in urban systems who now have the fewest educational choices. The debate over desegregation policy and its many consequences needs to move beyond academic journals and courtrooms to a larger audience. In addition to educators and policymakers, Forced Justice will be an important book for social scientists, attorneys and specialists in civil rights issues, and all persons concerned about the state of public education.

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Abdelsattar, Jad M., Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. K. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, and David R. Farley. Mayo Clinic General Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650506.001.0001.

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This book presents the core concepts of general surgery instruction at Mayo Clinic. It was created to provide succinct and accurate information in a written, imaging, and audiovisual format that allows efficient access to surgical learners—especially those with just a few minutes to spare. Its purpose is to better prepare students, residents, and fellows for their surgical experiences , leading to better understanding with long-term retention. Contents include surgery by organ system and a chapter devoted to trauma cases. Each chapter contains information on the organ system (including embryology), anatomy, physiology, clinical presentation, imaging techniques, common operations, and potential complications.

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Book chapters on the topic "Long spark"

Stevens, Laura M. "“Spare his life to save his soul”: Enthralled Lovers and Heathen Converts in “The Four Indian Kings Garland”." In Atlantic Worlds in the Long Eighteenth Century, 97–113. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137014610_7.

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Bazelyan, E. M., and Yu P. Raizer. "Long Streamers." In Spark Discharge, 145–202. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739075-5.

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Bazelyan, E. M., and Yu P. Raizer. "Electrical Strength of Long Gaps." In Spark Discharge, 261–76. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739075-7.

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Armstrong, John. "The Crewing of British Coastal Colliers, 1870-1914." In The Vital Spark, 129–48. Liverpool University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497308.003.0008.

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This chapter explores the employment conditions on British coastal ships between 1870 and 1914, focussing on the modern and industrial screw collier fleet on the east coast, which previous studies have traditionally overlooked. It uses data from British government censuses of seamen taken during the period and employment data from eighty Crew Agreements. In detail it discusses wage rates; methods of payment; recruitment stipulations; methods of maintaining crew morale; the hierarchy of promotion; and the way crew members expressed dissatisfaction with working conditions - such as through desertion. It determines that screw colliers received regular work, long-term employment opportunities, reasonable wages, and less hazardous employment conditions than other maritime career paths such as long-distance voyagers, and was thus a popular role.

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Armstrong, John. "Climax and Climacteric: The British Coastal Trade, 1870-1930." In The Vital Spark, 261–82. Liverpool University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497308.003.0014.

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This chapter is a study of the rise and decline of the British coastal shipping trade between 1870 and 1914. It separates the period into three segments: the prosperous 1870-1914; the immediate impact of the First World War 1914-1918; and the stagnation of 1918-1930. It examines both the short and long-term causes of decline, and concludes that the decline and stagnation of the coastal fleet was due to a combination of factors, both avoidable and inevitable. Crucially, though the coastal shipping continued to innovate during this period it did not do so quickly enough to rescue the industry.

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Armstrong, John. "Management Response in British Coastal Shipping Companies to Railway Competition." In The Vital Spark, 61–76. Liverpool University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497308.003.0004.

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This essay examines the way British coastal shipping companies handled competition from the rail industry. It explores the role of coastal shipping before the advent of rail; the impact of steam on short-sea shipping; the perceived minor threat of short-distance early railways; the direct threat of long-distance rail lines that began to appear in the 1840s; and the effectiveness of the attempts to address railway competition - the search for technological improvement, market segmentation, and re-pricing structures in particular. It concludes that the coaster and railway industries co-existed peacefully during the late nineteenth century as it served both of their interests, and assures that any serious threat to rail that the coastal industry could instigate would be met with swift and crippling retaliation, so they opted not to risk upsetting the balance.

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Armstrong, John. "The Significance of Coastal Shipping in British Domestic Transport, 1550-1830." In The Vital Spark, 15–40. Liverpool University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497308.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the significance of coastal shipping as a method of domestic transport in Britain in the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The aim is to demonstrate the relationship between coastal shipping and road transport in Britain preceding the era of rail transport. It assesses the economic variables of British transport and how they affected coastal shipping, and addresses the imbalance in transport historiography in favour of road transport over coast. It examines tonnage and haul distances through London as provided by a number of secondary sources, including the Musgrave Manuscript. It also discusses cargo, pricing structures, ship longevity, and coastal long-haul advantages across both systems. Disadvantages are then followed by analysis of the various solutions used in future vessels. It concludes by asserting that coastal shipping, rather than road transport, was the pre-eminent form of commodity transport before the coming of rail.

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"The streamer-leader process in a long spark." In Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection, 27–89. Taylor & Francis, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420034011.ch2.

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Haroutounian, Joanne. "The Flame: Teenage Years." In Kindling the Spark. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195129489.003.0022.

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Close to a dozen years have gone by and we find ourselves seated on folding chairs enjoying the final recital of a private studio of talented piano students. Each year there are a few new eager faces as the younger students deftly work through pieces that seem very complex for such little fingers to play so quickly. We notice the students who have been seasoned through training, now in those tenuous intermediate years. Their intense desire for precision shows maturing musical ideas, but often arrives at awkward adolescence when being on stage has an added gravity of meaning. We search for the advanced teenagers—those students we have seen truly blossom through the long process of talent development. Numbers have dwindled in this studio. One has decided to move out of state and is now studying at a conservatory. Another has decided to concentrate efforts on the oboe, begun in elementary school band, with time restraints easing piano lessons out of her schedule. Academic and parental pressures have caused last year’s shining star, a junior seeking an Ivy League college education, to quit as well. There remains one teenager who ends the program with a flourish, receiving many hugs from young admirers and awards galore following the program. This is our tiny, eager student from the front steps. A senior, having completed a full twelve years of instruction with many competitions and solo recitals under his belt, he bids farewell to this comfortable, nurturing studio. He enters college as a math major. Many private teachers, parents, and music students may recognize this scene as a very realistic portrayal of possibilities in musical talent development. The first years of training are “romance,” with parents aglow when hearing their talented youngster perform with such confidence and flair. The middle years consist of flux and flow, a phase when students search for the “whys” and “hows” beneath the notes that were so easily played in prior years. Musical training now presents persistent challenges. Late-starters may speed into these years with determination. Others may begin a second instrument or composition classes to broaden musical experiences.

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"Sparks." In Blessings for the Long Night, 66–67. Broadleaf Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s5nz6h.44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Long spark"

Beroual, A., J. H. Rakotonandrasana, and I. Fofana. "Modeling laboratory negative long spark discharges." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2009.5377846.

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Waters, R. T. "The long spark and lightning simulation." In IEE Colloquium on Advances in HV Technology. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960998.

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Nakai, Meroji, Yasuhiko Nakagawa, Kyugo Hamai, and Masazumi Sone. "Stabilized Combustion in a Spark Ignited Engine through a Long Spark Duration." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850075.

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Truman, K. P., and M. W. Niehaus. "Development of a long-life triggered spark gap." In The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2006.1707019.

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Truman, Keith, and Matthew Niehaus. "Development of a Long Life Triggered Spark Gap." In 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/modsym.2006.365285.

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Rager, Jochen, Jochen Böhm, Thomas Kaiser, Alexander Flaig, and Frank Mücklich. "Design and Materials for Long-Life Spark Plugs." In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0617.

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Agafonov, A. V., A. V. Oginov, A. A. Rodionov, and K. V. Shpakov. "Current filaments in a long spark in air." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2015.7179538.

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Nakano, Daisuke, Takahiro Suzuki, and Masayoshi Matsui. "Gas Engine Ignition System for Long-Life Spark Plugs." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-32-0086.

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Wang, Lawrence S. N. "Diffusive radial expansion effect on long-Rail spark dynamical impedances." In 2011 IEEE 38th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2011.5993317.

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Gromovenko, V. M. "Local enhancement of atmospheric electrical field by long laser spark." In 11th International Symposium on High-Voltage Engineering (ISH 99). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990681.

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Reports on the topic "Long spark"

Biagi, C., and M. Uman. Observations and Modeling of Long Negative Laboratory Discharges: Identifying the Physics Important to an Electrical Spark in Air. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034491.

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