Relevant bibliographies by topics / Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)

Academic literature on the topic 'Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)"

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Drotar, Istvan, Balazs Lukacs, and Miklós Kuczmann. "LoRaWAN Network Performance Test." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 13, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.v13.n4.547.

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There are several types of wireless IoT (Internet of Things) networks based on the connection distance between two communicating devices. For covering wide areas, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area) networks can provide a good solution. These networks provide big coverage and low power consumption. One of the most popular LPWAN network is LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). LoRaWAN networks are ideal for sending infrequent, small messages through long distances. In this article the network’s capacity, coverage and energy consumption have been tested. These are the most important attributes when designing a LoRaWAN network, so it can satisfy the requirements of LPWAN networks.
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Jung, Ji-Young, and Jung-Ryun Lee. "Throughput and Packet Loss Probability Analysis of Long Range Wide Area Network." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 8091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178091.

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Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is the one of the promising low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies at present and is expected to grow in the foreseeable future as a tool to provide connectivity among small things. In this paper, we present a simple analytical model to compute the throughput and packet loss probability of Medium Access Control (MAC) for Class-A of LoRaWAN. This analysis results can be used as a reference for deploying the appropriate number of end-devices (EDs) that can be accepted in a gateway (GW) while maximizing network throughput or guaranteeing the packet loss rate of EDs.
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Al Ghamdi, Atheer, Enas Khairullah, and Mohammad Al mojamed. "LoRaWAN Performance Analysis for a Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection System in a Housing Complex." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 7188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197188.

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The automation of water leakage detection and monitoring systems has recently been made possible by the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the high cost is an obstacle when applying a network over a large area. The Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) was created specifically to address long-range IoT applications. The Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most common LPWANs. In this study, a method for monitoring and detecting water leakage in a housing complex was tested using LoRaWAN. Water leakage was detected using a low-pressure system model comprising a water meter, presser sensor, and smart valve within a LoRa node. This study investigates the use of LoRaWAN for water monitoring and leakage detection by implementing a comprehensive case study to identify LoRaWAN’s feasibility, reliability, and scalability for water monitoring and leakage detection in simulated scenarios. The housing complex varied in size and number of nodes. The LoRaWAN was evaluated by the FloRa simulator package through the Objective Modular Network Testbed (OMNeT++) platform. The results indicated that it was an efficient means of water monitoring and leakage detection in housing complexes.
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Banti, Konstantina, Ioanna Karampelia, Thomas Dimakis, Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos, Thomas Kyriakidis, and Malamati Louta. "LoRaWAN Communication Protocols: A Comprehensive Survey under an Energy Efficiency Perspective." Telecom 3, no. 2 (May 25, 2022): 322–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom3020018.

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Long range wide area networks (LoRaWANs) have recently received intense scientific, research, and industrial interest. LoRaWANs play a pivotal role in Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to their capability to offer large coverage without sacrificing the energy efficiency and, thus the battery life, of end-devices. Most published contributions assume that LoRaWAN gateways (GWs) are plugged into the energy grid; thus, neglecting the network lifetime constraint due to power storage limitations. However, there are several verticals, including precision agriculture, forest protection, and others, in which it is difficult or even impossible to connect the GW to the power grid or to perform battery replacement at the end-devices. Consequently, maximizing the networks’ energy efficiency is expected to have a crucial impact on maximizing the network lifetime. Motivated by this, as well as the observation that the overall LoRaWAN network energy efficiency is significantly affected by the selected communication protocol, in this paper, we identify and discuss critical aspects and research challenges involved in the design of a LoRaWAN communication protocol, under an energy efficiency perspective. Building upon our findings, research directions towards a novel GreenLoRaWAN communication protocol are given, focusing on achieving energy efficiency, robustness, and scalability.
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Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M., Waheb A. Jabbar, Noorazliza Sulaiman, and Suliman Abdulmalek. "A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions." Electronics 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010164.

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Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. This paper presents a comparative review of five selected driving LPWAN technologies, including NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu (RPMA), and LoRa/LoRaWAN. The comparison shows that LoRa/LoRaWAN and SigFox surpass other technologies in terms of device lifetime, network capacity, adaptive data rate, and cost. In contrast, NB-IoT technology excels in latency and quality of service. Furthermore, we present a technical overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its main features, opportunities, and open issues. We also compare the most important simulation tools for investigating and analyzing LoRa/LoRaWAN network performance that has been developed recently. Then, we introduce a comparative evaluation of LoRa simulators to highlight their features. Furthermore, we classify the recent efforts to improve LoRa/LoRaWAN performance in terms of energy consumption, pure data extraction rate, network scalability, network coverage, quality of service, and security. Finally, although we focus more on LoRa/LoRaWAN issues and solutions, we introduce guidance and directions for future research on LPWAN technologies.
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Cotrim, Jeferson Rodrigues, and João Henrique Kleinschmidt. "LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154273.

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The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.
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Peruzzi, Giacomo, and Alessandro Pozzebon. "Combining LoRaWAN and NB-IoT for Edge-to-Cloud Low Power Connectivity Leveraging on Fog Computing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031497.

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Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) play crucial roles in the implementation of low-power and low-cost wide area distributed systems. Currently, two enabling technologies are the main competitors within the connectivity field for the Internet of Things (IoT), primarily because of their scalability, wide range and low power features: Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) and Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). In this paper, a brand new network architecture is presented, which combines both aforementioned technologies. Such a network accounts for sensor nodes, multi-protocol gateways, an a cloud infrastructure. Sensor nodes may be alternatively provided with LoRaWAN or NB-IoT. Multi-protocol gateways can receive and demodulate LoRaWAN packets and upload them to the cloud via the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol over NB-IoT. The cloud is transparent with respect to the transmission technology, meaning that data are acquired and stored regardless of the exploited technique (i.e., LoRaWAN or NB-IoT). Indeed, sensor nodes using NB-IoT can send data to the cloud and can directly communicate with other NB-IoT nodes setting up a fog computing paradigm on peer-to-peer subnetworks. This approach may be crucial for the development of complex IoT infrastructures while providing high flexibility.
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Anwar, Khola, Taj Rahman, Asim Zeb, Yousaf Saeed, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Inayat Khan, Shafiq Ahmad, Abdelaty Edrees Abdelgawad, and Mali Abdollahian. "Improving the Convergence Period of Adaptive Data Rate in a Long Range Wide Area Network for the Internet of Things Devices." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 5614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185614.

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A Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most efficient technologies and is widely adopted for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The IoT consists of massive End Devices (EDs) deployed over large geographical areas, forming a large environment. LoRaWAN uses an Adaptive Data Rate (ADR), targeting static EDs. However, the ADR is affected when the channel conditions between ED and Gateway (GW) are unstable due to shadowing, fading, and mobility. Such a condition causes massive packet loss, which increases the convergence time of the ADR. Therefore, we address the convergence time issue and propose a novel ADR at the network side to lower packet losses. The proposed ADR is evaluated through extensive simulation. The results show an enhanced convergence time compared to the state-of-the-art ADR method by reducing the packet losses and retransmission under dynamic mobile LoRaWAN network.
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Gavalas, Damianos, Modestos Stavrakis, Periklis Chatzimisios, Zhichao Cao, and Xiaolong Zheng. "Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082279.

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This Special Issue is focused on breakthrough developments in the field of Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT. The selected contributions report current scientific progress in a wide range of topics covering clock error compensation in sensor networks, backscatter communication networks, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-based inventory management, resource allocation in Long-Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A, (Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) modeling and key generation for the IoT.
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Kufakunesu, Rachel, Gerhard P. Hancke, and Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz. "A Survey on Adaptive Data Rate Optimization in LoRaWAN: Recent Solutions and Major Challenges." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 5044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185044.

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Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a fast-growing communication system for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) in the Internet of Things (IoTs) deployments. LoRaWAN is built to optimize LPWANs for battery lifetime, capacity, range, and cost. LoRaWAN employs an Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) scheme that dynamically optimizes data rate, airtime, and energy consumption. The major challenge in LoRaWAN is that the LoRa specification does not state how the network server must command end nodes pertaining rate adaptation. As a result, numerous ADR schemes have been proposed to cater for the many applications of IoT technology, the quality of service requirements, different metrics, and radio frequency (RF) conditions. This offers a challenge for the reliability and suitability of these schemes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research on ADR algorithms for LoRaWAN technology. First, we provide an overview of LoRaWAN network performance that has been explored and documented in the literature and then focus on recent solutions for ADR as an optimization approach to improve throughput, energy efficiency and scalability. We then distinguish the approaches used, highlight their strengths and drawbacks, and provide a comparison of these approaches. Finally, we identify some research gaps and future directions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)"

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Abboud, Samira. "Study and improvement of long range communication technologies for wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC028.

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Les progrès des technologies de communication à faible consommation d’énergie et à faible cout ont révolutionne les applications de télédétection et de surveillance. L’Internet des objets (IoT) a promis la création d’un écosystème d’appareils connectes à travers un large éventail d’applications, telles que les villes intelligentes. A l’heure actuelle, de nombreuses normes et technologies concurrentes tentent de saisir l’IoT, en particulier dans le domaine des technologies de télédétection et de communication. LoRa (Long Range) est l’une de ces technologies qui gagne en popularité et en attraction dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN). La possibilité d’établir des communications longue distance avec des nœuds relativement simples, une infrastructure minimale, des besoins en énergie réduits et l’utilisation de bandes ISM sans licence offre un avantage concurrentiel significatif. Bien que la portée de communication dans LoRa puisse dépasser 15 kilomètres en visibilité directe, le débit binaire maximal pouvant être atteint est limite à quelques kilobits par seconde. De plus, lorsqu’une collision se produit dans LoRa, le débit est encore réduit en raison de pertes de trames et de retransmissions. Les travaux de cette thèse traitent le problème des collisions dans LoRa qui peuvent survenir sous une charge importante et qui dégradent les performances du réseau.Premièrement, nous considérons le contexte des communications en liaison montante dans LoRaWAN. Nous étudions le contexte des signaux LoRa en collision synchronisée, ou chaque appareil terminal doit retransmettre toute sa trame en collision après qu’une collision se produit dans LoRa. Ce comportement diminue le débit global et augmente la consommation d’énergie des terminaux et le délai des trames. Pour cette raison, afin d’atténuer les effets néfastes des collisions, nous avons proposé un algorithme de décodage pour résoudre les signaux LoRa en collision synchronisée, dans un trafic réseau sature et confirme. Nous avons remplacé le modèle de retransmission conventionnel de LoRa en un modèle faisant en sorte que les dispositifs terminaux transmettent des bitmaps au lieu de retransmettre des trames entières pour déterminer les symboles corrects de chaque trame en collision. Notre algorithme a pu améliorer significativement le débit global de la couche LoRaWAN MAC à base de LoRa, et diminuer la consommation d’énergie des émetteurs et le délai des trames.Deuxièmement, nous considérons le contexte des communications en liaison descendante dans LoRaWAN. Nous avons remarqué que la liaison descendante dans LoRa est un goulot d’étranglements. Nous avons donc travaillé sur la sélection de la passerelle par le serveur de réseau et son impact sur le débit, la consommation d’énergie et le délai. Nous avons étudié trois types de déploiement de passerelle et nous avons montre que les performances du système dépendent de ce déploiement. Nous avons montré que l’équilibrage du nombre de terminaux par passerelle (également connu sous le nom de charge) améliore le débit par rapport au choix de la passerelle avec la meilleure qualité de signal. En outre, nous avons montré que la combinaison de la charge et de la qualité du signal n’améliore pas davantage le débit. De plus, nous avons montré que le choix de la passerelle avec la meilleure qualité de signal diminue le délai des trames et la consommation d’énergie des terminaux par rapport au choix de la passerelle avec la charge la plus faible
The progress in low-energy, low-cost communication technologies have revolutionized remote sensing and monitoring applications. Internet of Things (IoT) has promised an ecosystem of connected devices across a wide range of applications such as in smart cities.Currently, many competing standards and technologies are attempting to seize the IoT, particularly in the area of remote sensing and communication technologies. LoRa (Long Range) is one of those technologies that is gaining popularity and attraction in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications. The ability to make long-distance communications with relatively simple nodes, minimal infrastructure, reduced power requirements, and the use of unlicensed ISM bands provides a significant competitive advantage. Although the communication range in LoRa can exceed 15 kilometers in line of sight, the maximum bit rate that can be achieved is limited to few kilobits per second. Additionally, when a collision occurs in LoRa, the throughput is further reduced due to frame losses and retransmissions. The work of this thesis deals with the problem of collisions in LoRa that may occur under heavy load, and which degrade the performance of the network.First, we consider the context for LoRaWAN uplink communications. We study the context of fully synchronized colliding LoRa signals, where each end-device has to retransmit its entire colliding frame after a collision occurs in LoRa. This behavior decreases the overall throughput, and increases the energy consumption of the end-devices, and the delay of the frames. Therefore, in order to mitigate the damaging effects of collisions, we proposed a decoding algorithm to resolve synchronized colliding LoRa signals, in a saturated and confirmed network traffic. We substituted the conventional retransmission model of LoRa by having end-devices transmitting bitmaps instead of retransmitting whole frames to determine the correct symbols of each colliding frame. Our algorithm was able to significantly improve the overall throughput of the LoRaWAN MAC layer based on LoRa, and to decrease the energy consumption of the transmitters and the delay of the frames.Second, we consider the context for LoRaWAN downlink communications. We noticed that the downlink in LoRa is a bottleneck. Hence, we worked on the gateway selection by the network server and its impact on the throughput, the energy consumption and the delay. We studied three types of gateway deployment and we show that the system performance depends on this deployment. We showed that balancing the number of end-devices per gateway (also known as load) improves the throughput compared to choosing the gateway with the highest signal quality. Moreover, we showed that combining load and signal quality does not further improve the throughput. In addition, we showed that choosing the gateway with the highest signal quality decreases the delay and energy consumption compared to choosing the gateway with the lowest load
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Book chapters on the topic "Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)"

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Magnusson, Olof, Rikard Teodorsson, Joakim Wennerberg, and Stig Arne Knoph. "A Survey on Attacks and Defences on LoRaWAN Gateways." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 19–38. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7468-3.ch002.

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LoRaWAN (long-range wide-area network) is an emerging technology for the connection of internet of things (IoT) devices to the internet and can as such be an important part of decision support systems. In this technology, IoT devices are connected to the internet through gateways by using long-range radio signals. However, because LoRaWAN is an open network, anyone has the ability to connect an end device or set up a gateway. Thus, it is important that gateways are designed in such a way that their ability to be used maliciously is limited. This chapter covers relevant attacks against gateways and potential countermeasures against them. A number of different attacks were found in literature, including radio jamming, eavesdropping, replay attacks, and attacks against the implementation of what is called beacons in LoRaWAN. Countermeasures against these attacks are discussed, and a suggestion to improve the security of LoRaWAN is also included.
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Jin, Minhao, Libo Fan, Shaojie Luo, and Xiaotian Guo. "Application of SCMA Based on LoRaWAN Architecture." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220546.

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Low-power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN), as a wireless connection technology of the Internet of things, has met the requirements of power consumption of network providers and operators, network coverage and Internet of things equipment. As the main technology of LPWAN, Long Range (LoRa) has entered the stage of scale deployment. However, in the MAC protocol of LoRa, multiple end nodes send data to the gateway at the same time, which will cause serious collision problems. When data collision occurs, the gateway will no longer receive collision data, and the data packet needs to be retransmitted after a certain time. In order to solve this problem and improve the throughput of the whole system, this paper proposes to introduce the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) technology of 5G non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) into Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) architecture from the perspective of code domain. The theory and simulation results show that SCMA can effectively solve the problem of data collision and improve the system throughput.
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Axeland, Åke, Henrik Hagfeldt, Magnus Carlsson, Lina Lagerquist Sergel, and Ismail Butun. "Implications of Cybersecurity Breaches in LPWANs." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 1–18. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7468-3.ch001.

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With the contrast of limited performance and big responsibility of IoT devices, potential security breaches can have serious impacts in means of safety and privacy. Potential consequences of attacks on IoT devices could be leakage of individuals daily habits and political decisions being influenced. While the consequences might not be avoidable in their entirety, adequate knowledge is a fundamental part of realizing the importance of IoT security and during the assessment of damages following a breach. This chapter will focus on two low-powered wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, narrow-band iot (NB-IoT) and long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN). Further, three use cases will be considered—healthcare, smart cities, and industry—which all to some degree rely on IoT devices. It is shown that with enough knowledge of possible attacks and their corresponding implications, more secure IoT systems can be developed.
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Manrique Balmaceda, R. F., Ricardo Vázquez-Martín, J. Bravo Arraba, Juan Jesús Fernández-Lozano, and Alfonso García-Cerezo. "Sistema de comunicación de respaldo mediante tecnología LoRa con hardware y software abierto para aplicaciones de robótica de emergencias." In XLII JORNADAS DE AUTOMÁTICA : LIBRO DE ACTAS, 581–87. Servizo de Publicacións da UDC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498043.581.

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Los sistemas de comunicación entre nodos sensores y los equipos de búsqueda y rescate presentan posibles vulnerabilidades ante emergencias o catástrofes, como el fallo de la infraestructura del sistema o la saturación de la red. Por ello, es necesario evaluar alternativas para garantizar la disponibilidad del sistema y los datos necesarios para la estrategia del equipo. Los requerimientos de una red de largo alcance y bajo consumo apuntan a evaluar las distintas tecnologías que engloban las redes LPWAN (Low Power, Wide Area Network). Entre ellas, destaca el protocolo LoRaWAN (Long Range, Wide Area Network) por ofrecer una flexibilidad operativa que no tienen los demás. De lado del hardware, se realizó una selección de componentes abiertos para los nodos sensores y el gateway. Para conseguir una red ad-hoc se ha usado el proyecto ChirpStack como servidor de red y de aplicación. Finalmente, se ha integrado el software de aplicación QGIS con la base de datos PostgreSQL que almacena los datos en la misma tarjeta host del gateway. El sistema fue probado en las XV Jornadas Internacionales de la Universidad de Málaga sobre Seguridad, Emergencias y Catástrofes. El código y la documentación del sistema presentado en este artículo está disponible en https://github.com/jjflozano/BackUpCommLoRa.
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Akanksha, Eisha. "Principles and Applications of Narrowband IoT." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 46–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch003.

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The internet of things (IoT) brings ‘life' to non-living things. In the IoT frameworks, the devices become smarter, more intelligent, become able to make decisions, and can communicate with other entities, applications, as well as human beings. According to a Gartner report, by 2020 more than 25 billion devices will be connected to the internet. Low power wireless wide area network (LPWAN) is a group of various low power, wide-area technologies such as LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT, DASH7, RPMA, LTE-M, designed to interconnect low bandwidth, battery-operated devices having limited processing power, limited memory, transmission speed with low bit rates at long-range using radio communication technologies. Most of these technologies provide a long battery life, low deployment cost, large capacity, and generates deeper insights of businesses. However, each technology differs in latency, data rate, handover mechanisms, quality of services, applications, and use cases. In this chapter, the authors provide the basic principles of these LPWANs and present their applications in different domains.
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Tengshe, Richa Rajesh, and Anindita Sahoo. "NB-IoT for Healthcare." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 127–52. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4775-5.ch006.

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The quality of the healthcare system is a significant contributor to a nation's economy. Technological developments in the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and wireless body area networks (WBAN) and their interaction have given a boost to healthcare as an application domain which seems to be very promising to improve the quality of health care. Long-range and ubiquitous deployment needs of healthcare can be very well handled by narrow band IoT (NB-IoT). NB-IoT has the potential to reduce power and bandwidth requirements. NB-IoT is a low power wide area (LPWA) version of IoT which has the potential to cater to remote healthcare needs. NB-IoT is preferred over other networks due to cost efficiency, longevity, security, and mature, wide-reaching networks. However, security is an unavoidable threat in any IoT network, so as in NB-IoT. In this chapter, the authors discuss the performance of NB-IoT for healthcare applications, the issues and challenges faced, and some of the solutions to countermeasure these problems.
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"scattered peasant holdings. This programme has made some headway, especial-ly in Bale, where it is anticipated that the entire rural population will soon inhabit specially set-up settlements. This will permit not only the state service and delivery systems to incorporate this population into their network but, as importantly, will provide some necessary preconditions for the emergence of collective units which can internalise the wide range of production and social externalities not reaped by individual peasants. With regard to the wider strategic issues concerning regional disparities, it has to be admitted that any headlong or dramatic attempt to 'solve' this historical problem is likely to prove an expensive failure. However, the policy framework developed in this article has inherent in it processes which would diminish the disparities through development at the periphery. Thus, in view of a high degree of economic fragmentation, a special if not overriding priority would have to be assigned to rural infrastructure based on four complimentary activities. First, through labour accumulation facilitated by the co-operative structure, rural roads should be developed linking co-operatives to feeder roads, and these to the main gravel highways. Second, local storage capacity for foodgrains should be constructed at critical supply points, widely dispersed. Over a period, these silos should begin to serve as the grain banks of the co-operatives of the region. Third, local rural industries located at the service-co-operative level should be initiated, at first on the basis of the demand of the members for simple consumer goods and farm implements, and subsequently for a wider range of products, including industrial ancillaries, and consumer goods for a wider market. Such industries, as also the infrastructural creation activities could have a strong seasonal dimension in the present phase of development. Lastly, and perhaps most significantly, concerted efforts should be made to harness the considerable small-scale irrigation potential of the country, but again through the institutional device of the producers' or service co-operatives. The great advantage of the former would be that such activities would be self-financed, and would be non-inflationary in the short run, and strongly anti-inflationary in the long run when their benefits come on stream. The objective should be through such schemes to integrate the economy, to develop rural diversification, and to provide food security. The key to achieving these is the extension of the area of stable grain yields through irrigation. Once again, the objectives of growth and equity appear to be harmonious within a 'boot-strap' strategy of local, self-financed, labour accumulation generated and organised within the emergent rural collective institutions. But critical to the success of these measures is the rapid expansion of the co-operative mode of organisation. In this respect, the experience thus far is extremely disappointing [Ghose, this volume]." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 162–70. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)"

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Lavric, Alexandru, and Valentin Popa. "A LoRaWAN: Long range wide area networks study." In 2017 International Conference on Electromechanical and Power Systems (SIELMEN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sielmen.2017.8123360.

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Olazabal, Alessandra Alvarez, Jasmeet Kaur, and Abel Yeboah-Ofori. "Deploying Man-In-the-Middle Attack on IoT Devices Connected to Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN)." In 2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922377.

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Ahmed, Muhammad Shahzad, Mahdi Abdula Al Bloushi, and Asad Ali. "Case Study: Application of Wireless Condition Based Monitoring by Applying Machine Learning Models." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211258-ms.

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Abstract In oil and gas and petrochemical industries, high and medium critical rotating equipment e.g., Compressors, Pumps etc. are normally equipped with fixed machine vibration monitoring systems for the online monitoring and protection of the equipment. However, there are multiple low and medium critical and legacy equipment which are without fixed vibration monitoring system and where installing fixed vibration system is not financially practical. However, looking at the scale of a cost-efficient machine monitoring system and changing the maintenance approach from Preventive to Predictive can have significant financial as well as operational benefit. The intent behind performing this study was to assess the utilization of wireless vibration monitoring with following applications in One of Giant Oil and Gas Production Field (X Field) in ADNOC Onshore. Rotating equipment with failure history e.g., Instrument Air compressors, HVAC Compressors etc. Multiphase Pumps with no fixed vibration monitoring system. Centralized monitoring of remote equipment by deploying Private LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) Network over existing Telecom Backhaul consisting of Fiber Optics and WiMAX wireless networks. In the pursuit of some wireless vibration sensors with long range wireless coverage and on-premises monitoring and analytics application, ADNOC team identified a newly developed solution by renowned industrial instrumentation OEM. This system includes wireless LoRaWAN vibration sensors along with anomaly detection system based on the data collected by wireless sensors. To evaluate the system comparative effectiveness, a Proof of Concept was carried out in X Field by installing the solution at a pump already equipped with fixed vibration monitoring system at a remote facility 25 Km away from Central Plant. The data from these sensors was wirelessly transmitted to LoRaWAN gateway installed 200 meters away from the pump. From the gateway the data was routed to on-premises application server installed in a Central Facility utilizing existing Telecom Backhaul. A decision-based application was used for monitoring, trending, and automatic anomaly detection. At first stage the system was kept at machine learning phase to allow the system to learn the normal behavior of the Pump. Based on this learning data, an AI (Artificial Intelligence) based model was developed which self-assign a decision threshold for anomaly detection and alarming. This solution based on LPWAN (Lowe Power Wide Area Network) technology, LoRaWAN, can be utilized for Condition Based Monitoring, Trending and Anomaly detection of low and medium critical rotating equipment, where installation of fixed vibration monitoring system is not feasible. LoRaWAN sensors provide reliable wireless link up to 1 Km in congested plant installations with no requirement of Line of Sight. One LoRaWAN Gateway can support up to 1,000 Sensors. A cost comparison was also performed with traditional wired and this wireless solution and the later was found to be more cost effective with simplicity in deployment and no major footprints. Most of the available LPWA (LoRaWAN) solution are based on 3rd party connectivity e.g., GSM/Satellite and Cloud based Application Servers. Private LPWAN built on existing SCADA/Telecom infrastructure and on-premises application/network servers are best suited for the application where complete ownership of network/data is required.
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Inasaridze, Nino, and Vaidotas Vaišis. "FILLING LEVEL MEASUREMENTS OF MIXED WASTE BINS USING LOW POWER IOT SENSORS AND LORA WAN TECHNOLOGY." In 22-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2019.006.

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The article deals with sensor-related solutions to improve waste collection and monitoring in public waste bins. Availability of use of an inexpensive monitoring system for measurement process was tested. The system consists of wireless nodes that use ultrasonic sensors to measure the empty space in the waste bins. A sensor gateway based on Long Rage Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol was used. Purpose of this work was to describe the new sensor node typology based on low-power and low-cost components. The article analyses the architecture of nodes in detail, focusing on energyefficient technologies and policies to extend battery life by reducing energy consumption through hardware and software optimization. Measurements were performed at five points in two size of containers with different two levels of filling and mixed type of waste. The results show that existing technologies are mature enough to create and deploy inexpensive additional sensors for outbound bins and that such a system can provide the necessary insights on how to optimize waste collection processes and avoid overflowing containers.
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Chabi, Abdel F., Jean C. B. Guimaraes, Jones C. Pinto, Rafael S. Furtado, Waldir S. S. Junior, Celso B. Carvalho, Adriano E. Santos, and Daniel F. Luiz. "A IoT System for Vehicle Tracking using Long Range Wide Area Network." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9603034.

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Kiran, Siripuri, and Gyanendra Gupta. "Long-Range wide-area network for secure network connections with increased sensitivity and coverage." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH IN SCIENCES, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082116.

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Nashiruddin, Muhammad Imam, and Muhammad Adam Nugraha. "Long Range Wide Area Network Deployment for Smart Metering Infrastructure in Urban Area: Case Study of Bandung City." In 2021 4th International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoiact53268.2021.9563916.

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Matni, Nagib, Jean Moraes, Lucas Pacheco, Denis Rosario, Helder Oliveira, Eduardo Cerqueira, and Augusto Neto. "Experimenting Long Range Wide Area Network in an e-Health Environment: Discussion and Future Directions." In 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc48107.2020.9148524.

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Lyra, Pedro Henrique Cerento de, Paula Katakura, and Andressa Corrente Martins. "experiência com gêmeos digitais." In IV ENCONTRO NACIONAL SOBRE O ENSINO DE BIM. ANTAC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/enebim.v4i00.1937.

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Nas últimas décadas, o avanço da tecnologia vem ressaltando a importância das organizações e principalmente das pessoas que compõem essas organizações, de se adequarem à evolução de softwares, Smartphones e da Internet. No setor da construção Civil o campo da tecnologia da informação traz mudanças que estão evoluindo para as fases posteriores ao projeto, ou seja, o que antes era visto apenas como construção, hoje envolve toda a vida útil do empreendimento, considerando a fase de obras, como também as fases de manutenção e acompanhamento de desempenho dos edifícios. Isso está profundamente relacionado a processos mais modernos e mais intuitivos. Uma vez passada essa barreira, pode se notar novas oportunidades e novos avanços visto que tecnologias inovadoras trazem vantagens competitivas fáceis de serem identificadas pelos benefícios agregados. Michael Grieves (GRIEVES, 2015) idealizou um conceito em que o projeto físico e o modelo virtual se conectam por meio da alta tecnologia chamado gêmeos digitais. A partir dessa integração é possível criar ferramentas de auxílio para uma gestão mais assertiva, que analisam os dados em conjunto com as propriedades dos objetos, para o uso eficiente de recursos (água, iluminação, energia) e planejamento de manutenção; O Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia, no campus São Caetano do Sul, possui o projeto do Smart Campus Mauá que conta com o sistema de aquisição de dados via rádio, baseado no protocolo LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). Tal protocolo foi escolhido pensando justamente em IoT, onde o baixo consumo energético e transmissões a longas distancias são primordiais para os dispositivos operados a pilhas ou baterias em regiões remotas, de acesso complicado ou simplesmente onde se quer boa autonomia. Os sensores atualmente têm a estimativa de 4 anos de funcionamento. Utilizando a infraestrutura existente no campus foram desenvolvidos, nos últimos 2 anos, dois Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) e uma iniciação cientifica com o foco na criação do gêmeo digital das edificações do campus utilizando a metodologia BIM com o IoT para visualização do modelo tridimensional (3D) junto de indicadores em dashboard que exiba os dados recebidos pelos sensores, sejam eles de luminosidade, movimento, temperatura, umidade e qualidade do ar e a disponibilização do modelo 3D, junto dos dados, em ambiente web para fácil acessibilidade e manuseio do usuário da aplicação. Os dois Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso foram desenvolvidos em formato remoto e a iniciação foi realizada no formato presencial. Os grupos de TCC possuem de três a quatro alunos e a carga horária estimada é, na média, 160 horas por aluno, na iniciação cientifica a carga horária do aluno chegou a 400 horas. O projeto contou com três docente atuando na orientação dos alunos. As competências executar e gerar o produto foi trabalhada com os alunos. Para desenvolvimento do gêmeo digital, a modelagem 3D foi realizada em AutoDesk Revit e linkado ao AutoDesk Forge que possibilita extração e gestão dos dados, além de se situar em um ambiente Nuvem. A conexão entre Forge e os dados emitidos pelo sensor aconteceu via o servidor (back-end) através da linguagem de programação Node-RED, ferramenta visual de ambiente de código aberto utilizado para conectar hardwares, Application Programming Interface (API) e web services. A transmissão das informações foi realizada por meio do protocolo MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport), caracterizado pela transmissão de informações entre máquinas de forma simples e baixo consumo de dados. Com a criação do gêmeo digital foi possível gerar um aprimoramento do Smart Campus ao tornar possível visualizar os dados dos sensores juntos de uma visão 3D, possibilitando visitar os ambientes em primeira pessoa além de selecionar objetos para visualizar seus detalhes e propriedades. Houve engajamento por partes dos alunos para viabilizar o processo de integração entre sistemas complementares para a solução final. O modelo 3D foi uma reprodução arquitetônica fiel dos blocos D e E do Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia e ao ser desenvolvido em Autodesk Revit, parte da metodologia BIM, teria a possibilidade de contar com recursos topográficos, que detalham referência de níveis e características do terreno, que não foram inseridos no projeto devido a sua dificuldade. O Smart Campus, por meio do IoT (Internet das Coisas) e integração de dados, concilia pilares importantes para a gestão da informação e sustentabilidade do uso de energia. O uso da tecnologia da informação e da comunicação (TIC) permite o desenvolvimento da conectividade no campus, integrando comunidade acadêmica e tecnologia por meio de infraestrutura de comunicação: sensores, antenas, dashboards de visualização de dados. O uso sustentável de energia dá-se pela otimização da eficiência energética aplicada na rotina das edificações, assim como estudo e planejamentos dos materiais utilizados na sua construção. A aplicação de gêmeos digitais, em um contexto tecnológico global, ainda está em maturação quanto às aplicações e ferramentas desenvolvidas. Houve engajamento por partes dos alunos para viabilizar o processo de integração entre sistemas complementares para a solução final.
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Liebeck, Martin, Shamma AlShehhi, Mohammad Hariz, Khaled Eissa Hammadi, Alfredo Eduado Freites Camacaro, Mahdi Abdulla Al Baloushi, Ahmed AlShmakhy, et al. "IOT Technology Demonstration in ADNOC Onshore Fields. Real Time Monitoring at a Minimum Cost." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208144-ms.

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Abstract In brownfields, controlling well integrity is critical in maintaining production and ensuring safety of the personnel and infrastructures. Equally important is optimizing and allocating production in wells by closely following wellhead upstream pressures (and temperatures). In the current situation, field crews have to move from well to well. This method is time consuming, exposes personnel to driving hazards and potentially dangerous areas. In addition, human reading of manual pressure gauges can result in large discrepancy in the reported values. Together with the low frequency of manual readings, this method does not allow for pro-active well intervention and can result in higher downtime in case of well tripping. Deploying remote monitoring with classical telemetry in fields with limited telecommunication infrastructure is costly and complex. Low Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), a public wireless network technology developed in 2009, changes the situation. It enables low power compact battery sensors with up to 10 km radio range. This performance is sufficient to connect, in one go, most onshore wells without power nor connectivity. This paper describes a pilot project to evaluate the adequacy of this technology in ADNOC Onshore fields. The objective is to assess performance of LoRaWAN deployed Sensors along four metrics: deployment time, deployment cost, Base station radio coverage and data availability. The pilot uses a plug-in ATEX- certified Wireless Pressure and Temperature (P&T) sensors developed by the vendor SRETT, commercial LoRaWAN Base stations, and proprietary software to provide remote access to the data via cloud data storage and web based application. For this pilot, four Base stations were deployed in two giant oil fields collecting data from four well heads each equipped with two sensors (P&T). This combination allowed testing wireless link quality over eight radio paths, some with terrain obstacles between Sensors and Base stations. The complete system was fully tested and validated at the shop prior to field deployment. Performances during the deployment was evaluated, and Sensor behaviors were monitored over a three-month period. In the current environment, maintaining a high HSE standard on aging infrastructure must be made at a controlled cost. LoRaWAN IoT remote monitoring technology is cost effective and efficient to deploy. Once deployed, it will enable preventative safe detection of wells with potential issues, improved accuracy and understanding of production events and lead to a reduction of potential adverse situations thanks to an optimized intervention strategy.
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Reports on the topic "Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)"

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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