Academic literature on the topic 'Long-circulation drug carriers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Long-circulation drug carriers"
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Javed, Shamama, Sultan Alshehri, Ambreen Shoaib, Waquar Ahsan, Muhammad Hadi Sultan, Saad Saeed Alqahtani, Mohsin Kazi, and Faiyaz Shakeel. "Chronicles of Nanoerythrosomes: An Erythrocyte-Based Biomimetic Smart Drug Delivery System as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tool in Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030368.
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Recently, drug delivery using natural biological carriers has emerged as one of the most widely investigated topics of research. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, can act as potential carriers for a wide variety of drugs, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, along with various proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other macromolecules. The red blood cell-based nanocarrier systems, also called nanoerythrosomes, are nanovesicles poised with extraordinary features such as long blood circulation times, the ability to escape immune system, the ability to release the drug gradually, the protection of drugs from various endogenous factors, targeted and specified delivery of drugs, as well as possessing both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in various fields of biomedical sciences. Their journey over the last two decades is escalating with fast pace, ranging from in vivo to preclinical and clinical studies by encapsulating a number of drugs into these carriers. Being biomimetic nanoparticles, they have enhanced the stability profile of drugs and their excellent site-specific targeting ability makes them potential carrier systems in the diagnosis and therapy of wide variety of tumors including gliomas, lung cancers, breast cancers, colon cancers, gastric cancers, and other solid tumors. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in the field of nanoerythrosomes, as an excellent and promising nanoplatform for the novel drug delivery of various drugs particularly antineoplastic drugs along with their potential as a promising diagnostic tool for the identification of different tumors.
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Sokolov, A. V., N. N. Kostin, L. A. Ovchinnikova, Y. A. Lomakin, and A. A. Kudriaeva. "Targeted Drug Delivery in Lipid-like Nanocages and Extracellular Vesicles." Acta Naturae 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-28-41.
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The possibility of targeted drug delivery to a specific tissue, organ, or cell has opened new promising avenues in treatment development. The technology of targeted delivery aims to create multifunctional carriers that are capable of long circulation in the patients organism and possess low toxicity at the same time. The surface of modern synthetic carriers has high structural similarity to the cell membrane, which, when combined with additional modifications, also promotes the transfer of biological properties in order to penetrate physiological barriers effectively. Along with artificial nanocages, further efforts have recently been devoted to research into extracellular vesicles that could serve as natural drug delivery vehicles. This review provides a detailed description of targeted delivery systems that employ lipid and lipid-like nanocages, as well as extracellular vesicles with a high level of biocompatibility, highlighting genetically encoded drug delivery vehicles.
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Cao, Yifeng, Xinyan Dong, and Xuepeng Chen. "Polymer-Modified Liposomes for Drug Delivery: From Fundamentals to Applications." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040778.
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Liposomes are highly advantageous platforms for drug delivery. To improve the colloidal stability and avoid rapid uptake by the mononuclear phagocytic system of conventional liposomes while controlling the release of encapsulated agents, modification of liposomes with well-designed polymers to modulate the physiological, particularly the interfacial properties of the drug carriers, has been intensively investigated. Briefly, polymers are incorporated into liposomes mainly using “grafting” or “coating”, defined according to the configuration of polymers at the surface. Polymer-modified liposomes preserve the advantages of liposomes as drug-delivery carriers and possess specific functionality from the polymers, such as long circulation, precise targeting, and stimulus-responsiveness, thereby resulting in improved pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the progress in polymer-modified liposomes for drug delivery, focusing on the change in physiological properties of liposomes and factors influencing the overall therapeutic efficacy.
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Ridha, Abbas A., Soheila Kashanian, Abbas H. Azandaryani, Ronak Rafipour, and Elahe Mahdavian. "New Folate-Modified Human Serum Albumin Conjugated to Cationic Lipid Carriers for Dual Targeting of Mitoxantrone against Breast Cancer." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666191114113022.
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Aim: In the present work, folic acid-modified human serum albumin conjugated to cationic solid lipid nanoparticles were synthesized as nanocarriers of mitoxantrone for the treatment of breast cancer. Background: Dual-targeted drug delivery is a new drug dosing strategy that is frequently used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Objective: Dual targeting of the cancer cells was achieved by dual tagging of human serum albumin and folic acid on the surface of the lipid nanoparticles. Methods: The targeted drug-loaded nanocomplexes were synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy along with photon-correlation and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. The anti-cancer activity of the nanocomplexes was screened against an in-vitro model of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines to examine drug efficacy. Results: The entrapment efficiency and drug loading values for mitoxantrone were calculated to be 97 and 8.84%, respectively. The data from the drug release studies for the system indicated the release profile did not significantly change within a pH range of 5.5-7.4. The hemolysis ratio of the hybrid carrier was less than 5% even at the upper doses of 3 mg/mL, demonstrating its safety for intravenous injection with limited hemolysis and a long blood circulation time. Conclusion: The cell cytotoxicity results confirmed that the drug hybrid nanocomplex was more toxic to breast cancer cells compared with the free drug. Furthermore, the weakly cationic and small size particles prevented opsonin binding of nanocomplexes, improving blood circulation time and cancer tissue uptake.
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Verkhovskii, Roman, Alexey Ermakov, Olga Sindeeva, Ekaterina Prikhozhdenko, Anastasiia Kozlova, Oleg Grishin, Mikhail Makarkin, Dmitry Gorin, and Daniil Bratashov. "Effect of Size on Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Behavior: Biodistribution, Circulation Time, Interactions with Blood Cells and Immune System." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122147.
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Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells.
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Krivić, Hannah, Sebastian Himbert, and Maikel C. Rheinstädter. "Perspective on the Application of Erythrocyte Liposome-Based Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases." Membranes 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121226.
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Nanoparticles are explored as drug carriers with the promise for the treatment of diseases to increase the efficacy and also reduce side effects sometimes seen with conventional drugs. To accomplish this goal, drugs are encapsulated in or conjugated to the nanocarriers and selectively delivered to their targets. Potential applications include immunization, the delivery of anti-cancer drugs to tumours, antibiotics to infections, targeting resistant bacteria, and delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Despite this great promise and potential, drug delivery systems have yet to be established, mainly due to their limitations in physical instability and rapid clearance by the host’s immune response. Recent interest has been taken in using red blood cells (RBC) as drug carriers due to their naturally long circulation time, flexible structure, and direct access to many target sites. This includes coating of nanoparticles with the membrane of red blood cells, and the fabrication and manipulation of liposomes made of the red blood cells’ cytoplasmic membrane. The properties of these erythrocyte liposomes, such as charge and elastic properties, can be tuned through the incorporation of synthetic lipids to optimize physical properties and the loading efficiency and retention of different drugs. Specificity can be established through the anchorage of antigens and antibodies in the liposomal membrane to achieve targeted delivery. Although still at an early stage, this erythrocyte-based platform shows first promising results in vitro and in animal studies. However, their full potential in terms of increased efficacy and side effect minimization still needs to be explored in vivo.
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Tang, Lu, Shun He, Yue Yin, Hening Liu, Jingyi Hu, Jie Cheng, and Wei Wang. "Combination of Nanomaterials in Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111888.
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Cell-based drug delivery systems have shown tremendous advantages in cancer treatment due to their distinctive properties. For instance, delivery of therapeutics using tumor-tropic cells like neutrophils, lymphocytes and mesenchymal stem cells can achieve specific tumor targeting due to the “Trojan Horse” effect. Other circulatory cells like erythrocytes and platelets can greatly improve the circulation time of nanoparticles due to their innate long circulation property. Adipocytes, especially cancer-associated adipocytes, play key roles in tumor development and metabolism, therefore, adipocytes are regarded as promising bio-derived nanoplatforms for anticancer targeted drug delivery. Nanomaterials are important participants in cell-based drug delivery because of their unique physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, the integration of various nanomaterials with different cell types will endow the constructed delivery systems with many attractive properties due to the merits of both. In this review, a number of strategies based on nanomaterial-involved cell-mediated drug delivery systems for cancer treatment will be summarized. This review discusses how nanomaterials can be a benefit to cell-based therapies and how cell-derived carriers overcome the limitations of nanomaterials, which highlights recent advancements and specific biomedical applications based on nanomaterial-mediated, cell-based drug delivery systems.
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Moghimi, S. M., and T. Gray. "A Single Dose of Intravenously Injected Poloxamine-Coated Long-Circulating Particles Triggers Macrophage Clearance of Subsequent Doses in Rats." Clinical Science 93, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0930371.
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1. Adsorption of the block copolymer non-ionic surfactant poloxamine-908 on to the surface of polystyrene nanospheres (60 nm in diameter) produced ‘phagocyte-resistant’ particles (otherwise known as long-circulating particles). This was reflected by a profound reduction in uptake of such engineered nanospheres by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system and extended blood circulation time, after intravenous administration to rats. 2. A single intravenous administration of poloxamine-908-coated particles dramatically affected the circulation half-life and body distribution of a second subsequent dose. The degree of alteration depended on the interval between the two doses. At 3 days after a single intravenous injection of poloxamine-coated particles, Kupffer cells and spleen macrophages could clear a second dose of long-circulating beads from the blood. When tested at day 14, the second dose of intravenously injected poloxamine-coated particles avoided rapid uptake by liver and spleen macrophages and remained in the blood. 3. The coating polymer (poloxamine-908) apparently triggered bead clearance by resident Kupffer cells and certain sub-populations of spleen macrophages, since a single intravenous dose of an endotoxin-free solution of poloxamine 3 days before the administration of long-circulating particles induced similar effects. When the interval between the two injections was 2 weeks, poloxamine-coated particles again exhibited long circulation half-life. This cycle could be repeated after intravenous administration of a second poloxamine dose 2 weeks after the first poloxamine injection. 4. The mechanism of particle recognition by resident tissue macrophages was found to be independent of opsonization processes. 5. These studies could have important implications in biomedical application, design and engineering of poloxamine-based long-circulating drug carriers for repeated intravenous administration.
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Guido, Clara, Gabriele Maiorano, Carmen Gutiérrez-Millán, Barbara Cortese, Adriana Trapani, Stefania D’Amone, Giuseppe Gigli, and Ilaria Elena Palamà. "Erythrocytes and Nanoparticles: New Therapeutic Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052173.
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Nano-delivery systems represent one of the most studied fields, thanks to the associated improvement in the treatment of human diseases. The functionality of nanostructures is a crucial point, which the effectiveness of nanodrugs depends on. A hybrid approach strategy using synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) and erythrocytes offers an optimal blend of natural and synthetic materials. This, in turn, allows medical practitioners to exploit the combined advantages of erythrocytes and NPs. Erythrocyte-based drug delivery systems have been investigated for their biocompatibility, as well as the long circulation time allowed by specific surface receptors that inhibit immune clearance. In this review, we will discuss several methods—whole erythrocytes as drug carriers, red blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles and nano-erythrosomes (NERs)—while paying attention to their application and specific preparation methods. The ability to target cells makes erythrocytes excellent drug delivery systems. They can carry a wide range of therapeutic molecules while also acting as bioreactors; thus, they have many applications in therapy and in the diagnosis of many diseases.
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Xuan, Mingjun, Jingxin Shao, and Junbai Li. "Cell membrane-covered nanoparticles as biomaterials." National Science Review 6, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz037.
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Abstract Surface engineering of synthetic carriers is an essential and important strategy for drug delivery in vivo. However, exogenous properties make synthetic nanosystems invaders that easily trigger the passive immune clearance mechanism, increasing the retention effect caused by the reticuloendothelial systems and bioadhesion, finally leading to low therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects. Recently, a cell membrane cloaking technique has been reported as a novel interfacing approach from the biological/immunological perspective, and has proved useful for improving the performance of synthetic nanocarriers in vivo. After cell membrane cloaking, nanoparticles not only acquire the physiochemical properties of natural cell membranes but also inherit unique biological functions due to the presence of membrane-anchored proteins, antigens, and immunological moieties. The derived biological properties and functions, such as immunosuppressive capability, long circulation time, and targeted recognition integrated in synthetic nanosystems, have enhanced their potential in biomedicine in the future. Here, we review the cell membrane-covered nanosystems, highlight their novelty, introduce relevant biomedical applications, and describe the future prospects for the use of this novel biomimetic system constructed from a combination of cell membranes and synthetic nanomaterials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long-circulation drug carriers"
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Dumbuya, Ibrahim. "Development of long circulation nano-enabled drug carriers for cancer treatment." Thesis, 2019. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/706812/1/Dumbuya_2019.pdf.
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Disulfiram (DSF) is an analogue of the dithiocarbamate family used over half a century ago for the treatment of alcoholism and its Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. DSF is a potent anti-cancer agent and Cu2+ dependent on mediating growth inhibition and apoptosis against different types of cancer cells. The major biological limitation of DSF against cancer cells is poor solubility and instability in the human body. Repositioning DSF with nano-carriers will improve its half-life, stability and enable long circulation for cancer therapy. Direct nanoprecipitation (D-Nano-Pr) and single emulsion/solvent evaporation (SE) methods were employed to successfully manufactured non-PEGylated and PEGylated nanoparticles (NPs) and including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of encapsulated DSF. The particle sizes of NPs/SLNs prepared by using the SE method were reduced by probe sonication (PS) or high-pressure homogenization (HPH) techniques. Freshly manufactured DSF NPs/SLNs (including empty NPs/SLNs) were characterized to determine particle sizes, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, thermal degradation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and functional group confirmation of chemical compounds using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Percentage encapsulation efficiency, cumulative release, and stability of DSF NPs/SLNs in horse serum media were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study has also contributed by developing efficient methods used to determine the manufactured NPs/SLNs percentage encapsulation efficiency and stability of DSF in horse serum. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays in vitro experiments of NPS/SLNs was performed against MCF 7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-231PTX10 cancer cell lines, to investigate the inhibition effects of the encapsulated DSF. The MTT cytotoxicity assays of DSF-loaded NPs/SLNs demonstrated increased cytotoxicity and decreased IC50 values indicating therapeutic effect against breast cancer cells. PEGylated DSF NPs demonstrated comparable cytotoxic effects over the free drug. PEGylated DSF PLGA NPs demonstrated the potential to be developed as nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Finally, this study showed manufactured nano-size particles of NPs/SLNs to improve DSF biostability and offer efficient protection to DSF in horse serum. Therefore, there is a high potential to enable DSF long circulation for efficient cancer therapy.
Book chapters on the topic "Long-circulation drug carriers"
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Liu, Chunying, Xuejing Lin, and Changqing Su. "Extracellular Vesicles: “Stealth Transport Aircrafts” for Drugs." In Theranostics - An Old Concept in New Clothing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94502.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver many types of drugs with their natural source material transport properties, inherent long-term blood circulation capabilities and excellent biocompatibility, and have great potential in the field of drug carrier. Modification of the content and surface of EVs according to the purpose of treatment has become a research focus to improve the drug load and the targeting of EVs. EVs can maximize the stability of the drugs, prevent immune clearance and achieve accurate delivery. Therefore, EVs can be described as \" stealth transport aircrafts \" for drugs. This chapter will respectively introduce the application of natural EVs as cell substitutes in cell therapy and engineered EVs as carriers of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecule drugs and therapeutic viral particles in disease treatment. It will also explain the drug loading and modification strategies of EVs, the source and characteristics of EVs. In addition, the commercialization progress of EVs drugs will be mentioned here, and the problems in their applications will be discussed in conjunction with the application of EVs in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Sharma, Bunty, Sampan Attri, Jyoti Syal, and Ujjawal Sharma. "Liposomal Nanoparticles: A Viable Nanoscale Drug Carriers for the Treatment of Cancer." In Liposomes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109581.
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Cancer immunotherapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic modality for achieving highly efficient therapeutic performance while avoiding tumor metastasis and relapse which are most common outcome of traditional cancer therapies (surgery, chemo and radiotherapy). Liposomal nanoparticles may be an ideal platform for systemic immune modulator delivery. Liposomes, the lipid bilayer vesicles, are biocompatible biodegradable carriers that are extensively used for the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bio actives. The advance features like structural fabrication of liposome for ligand anchoring, long-circulation, and stimuli-responsiveness are helpful for the demand of clinical and industrial uses. Recent studies have reported the manifestations of liposomal newer developments in cancer treatment. Presentchapter discusses the most recent advances in liposomal nanoparticles for cancer therapy along with ligand targeted, stimulus targeted and autophagy modulation by liposomal nanoparticles for cancer treatment.
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Lugun, Onila, and Alok Kumar Pandey. "Nanoparticles Targeting and Uptake: Current Advances in Breast Cancer Research." In Breast Cancer: Current Trends in Molecular Research, 171–95. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681089522112010011.
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With the rapid advancement, nanoparticles (NPs) based drug delivery systems have been recognized as expedient over traditional therapeutics for breast cancer, fostering targeted drug release, long circulation time, reduced toxicity, and greater bioavailability. Under normal circumstances when this exogenous structure of nano-scale dimension approaches nearby cells, it evokes early tripping leading to membrane wrapping and NPs cellular uptake. Tailoring NPs structure for safe and intended entry into cells is at the core of nano-therapeutics for attaining high-yield prognostic and therapeutic efficacy. Interestingly NPs uptake is crucial as it unravels pathway selection and is decisive for the intracellular fate of nano-medicine. Over the past, it remained a major challenge to target specifically to improve their delivery. A significant effort has been devoted to understanding the endocytosis of nano-medicine for efficient intracellular delivery of NPs. Here we present an overview of the different endocytic pathways used by cells. Novel strategies in NPs design to exploit the uptake mechanisms to decipher intended uptake and target breast cancer. Current advances and strategies are deployed to breach these barriers and attain the ultimate vision of nano-carriers in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Parashar, Ashish K., Krishna Yadav, Monika Kaurav, Preeti Patel, and Balak Das Kurmi. "Resealed Erythrocytes: As A Drug Delivery Tool." In Nanoparticles and Nanocarriers-Based Pharmaceutical Formulations, 365–94. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049787122010015.
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Being the most abundant cell in the human body, resealed erythrocytes have been utilized as a promising natural biological carrier for therapeutic delivery. In various therapeutics, delivery resealed erythrocytes are found to be an alternative delivery approach with overcoming toxic and rapid clearance effects, such as enzyme.loaded bioreactors performing vital reaction along with improving the enzymes circulation time, as drug-loaded carrier affords sustained release of drug and in drug, targeting delivers drugs release in specific target organs without recognition by the immune system. From the research level to clinical development, it has been observed that the drug carrier expedition faces many regulatory and industrial process development challenges. Resealed erythrocytes possess many remarkable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, long circulation and flexibility to encapsulate a wide variety of therapeutic compounds via employing different chemical and physical methods. It is possible to obtain resealed RBCs by collecting them from the source of concern (e.g., humans, rats, rabbits, pigs, and so forth) through blood samples following the separation of RBCs. A number of techniques are then used for effective drug loadings, including hypotonic dialysis, hypotonic dilution, hypotonic preswelling, endocytosis, lipid fusion, electric cell fusion, and chemical disturbance. Up to date, resealed erythrocytes have been explored as a carrier for various therapeutic drug substances (antiviral, anti-inflammatory, steroids and anticancer, etc.), enzymes, antibiotics, and diagnostic agents. The main objective of this chapter is to emphasize the advantages, limitations, source, isolation, loading methodology, characterization parameters, and finally, to pay attention to in-vivo studies, clinical applications, and future potential of resealed erythrocytes.
Conference papers on the topic "Long-circulation drug carriers"
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Rodriguez Corredor, Fabio Ernesto, Majid Bizhani, and Ergun Kuru. "A Comparative Study of Hole Cleaning Performance — Water Versus Drag Reducing Fluid." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24083.
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Effective hole cleaning in horizontal and extended reach wells (ERD) often requires use of high circulation rates, which may not be always achievable due to the risk of circulating bottom hole pressure reaching the fracture limit of the rock. Achieving good hole cleaning while keeping the circulating bottom hole pressure within the safe operational window is very often the major engineering challenge. A drag reducing fluid with good hole cleaning ability could be a potential solution in this case. In order to see if it is possible to use a drag reducing fluid and still achieve a good hole cleaning, an experimental program was designed and conducted. The main objective of this experimental study was to compare the hole cleaning performances of water and a drag reducing fluid. The hole cleaning experiments were conducted using a 9m long horizontal flow loop with concentric annular geometry (Outer Pipe ID = 95 mm, Inner Pipe OD = 38 mm, ID/OD ratio = 0.4). The drag reducing additive was a commercially available partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA). Water and two drag reducing fluids with 0.07% V/V and 0.1% V/V PHPA concentrations were used. Critical velocities for the initiation of cuttings movement with rolling, saltation/dunes, and suspension modes were determined and compared when using water and drag reducing fluids as a carrier fluid. Critical velocities for the initiation of cuttings movement were found to be lower with water than that of drag reducing fluid in all transport modes.