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Journal articles on the topic 'Long chain branching'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Mcleish, T. C. B. "Long Chain Branching." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 78, no. 1 (January 2000): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387600527031.

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2

Janzen, J., and R. H. Colby. "Diagnosing long-chain branching in polyethylenes." Journal of Molecular Structure 485-486 (August 1999): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(99)00097-6.

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3

Shiga, S. "Modern Characterization of Long-Chain Branching." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 28, no. 1 (February 1989): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602558908048583.

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4

Cangussú, Manoela E., Ana P. de Azeredo, Adriane G. Simanke, and Benjamin Monrabal. "Characterizing Long Chain Branching in Polypropylene." Macromolecular Symposia 377, no. 1 (February 2018): 1700021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201700021.

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5

Ghielmi, Alessandro, Stefano Fiorentino, Giuseppe Storti, Marco Mazzotti, and Massimo Morbidelli. "Long chain branching in emulsion polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35, no. 5 (April 15, 1997): 827–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19970415)35:5<827::aid-pola1>3.0.co;2-i.

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6

Yu, Youlu, Paul J. DesLauriers, and David C. Rohlfing. "SEC-MALS method for the determination of long-chain branching and long-chain branching distribution in polyethylene." Polymer 46, no. 14 (June 2005): 5165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.036.

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7

Liu, Jianye, Lijuan Lou, Wei Yu, Ruogu Liao, Runming Li, and Chixing Zhou. "Long chain branching polylactide: Structures and properties." Polymer 51, no. 22 (October 2010): 5186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.002.

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8

Liu, Jianye, Shijun Zhang, Liying Zhang, and Yiqing Bai. "Crystallization Behavior of Long-Chain Branching Polylactide." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 42 (October 11, 2012): 13670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie301567n.

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9

Warakomski, John M., and Bruce P. Thill. "Evidence for long chain branching in polyethyloxazoline." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28, no. 13 (December 1990): 3551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281303.

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10

Small, K. W., F. Yearsley, and J. C. Greaves. "Long chain branching in poly(vinyl chloride)." Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia 33, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070330120.

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11

Hu, Yanling, Yunqi Shao, Zhen Liu, Xuelian He, and Boping Liu. "Dominant Effects of Short-Chain Branching on the Initial Stage of Nucleation and Formation of Tie Chains for Bimodal Polyethylene as Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111840.

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The molecular mechanism of short-chain branching (SCB), especially the effects of methylene sequence length (MSL) and short-chain branching distribution (SCBD) on the initial stage of nucleation, the crystallization process, and particularly the tie chain formation process of bimodal polyethylene (BPE), were explored using molecular dynamics simulation. This work constructed two kinds of BPE models in accordance with commercial BPE pipe resins: SCB incorporated in the long chain or in the short chains. The initial stage of nucleation was determined by the MSL of the system, as the critical MSL for a branched chain to nucleate is about 60 CH2. SCB incorporated in the long chain led to a delay of the initial stage of nucleation relative to the case of SCB incorporated in the short chains. The increase of branch length could accelerate the delay to nucleation. The location of short chain relative to the long chain depended on the MSL of the short chain. As the MSL of the system decreased, the crystallinity decreased, while the tie chains concentration increased. The tie chains concentration of the BPE model with branches incorporated in the long chain was higher than that with branches incorporated in the short chain.
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12

Shroff, R. N., and H. Mavridis. "Long-Chain-Branching Index for Essentially Linear Polyethylenes." Macromolecules 32, no. 25 (December 1999): 8454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9909354.

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13

Mazzotti, Marco, Stefano Fiorentino, Alessandro Ghielmi, Massimo Morbidelli, and Giuseppe Storti. "Kinetics of long-chain branching in emulsion polymerization." Macromolecular Symposia 111, no. 1 (December 1996): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19961110118.

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14

Arzamendi, Gurutze, Jacqueline Forcada, and Jose M. Asua. "Kinetics of Long-Chain Branching in Emulsion Polymerization." Macromolecules 27, no. 21 (October 1994): 6068–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00099a020.

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15

Domareva, N. M., S. I. Kogan, and N. Ya Tumarkin. "The structure of long-chain branching in polyethylene." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 30, no. 2 (January 1988): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(88)90131-1.

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16

Mogilicharla, Anitha, Kishalay Mitra, and Saptarshi Majumdar. "Modeling of propylene polymerization with long chain branching." Chemical Engineering Journal 246 (June 2014): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.052.

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17

Liu, Jianye, Shijun Zhang, Liying Zhang, and Yiqing Bai. "Preparation and rheological characterization of long chain branching polylactide." Polymer 55, no. 10 (May 2014): 2472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.024.

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18

García-Franco, César A., Srivatsan Srinivas, David J. Lohse, and Patrick Brant. "Similarities between Gelation and Long Chain Branching Viscoelastic Behavior." Macromolecules 34, no. 10 (May 2001): 3115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0021794.

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19

Bonchev, Danail, Eric Markel, and Armen Dekmezian. "Topological Analysis of Long-Chain Branching Patterns in Polyolefins." Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 41, no. 5 (September 2001): 1274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci010021s.

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20

DesLauriers, Paul J., Chung Tso, Youlu Yu, David L. Rohlfing, and Max P. McDaniel. "Long-chain branching in PE from Cr/aluminophosphate catalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 388, no. 1-2 (November 2010): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.08.034.

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21

Liu, Jianye, Shijun Zhang, Liying Zhang, and Yiqing Bai. "Uniaxial stretching behavior of polylactide with long chain branching." Colloid and Polymer Science 295, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-016-4004-6.

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22

Tsai, Chia-Ying, Chao-Shun Chang, and Hung-Jue Sue. "Quantification of Long-Chain Branching Molar Fraction in Polypropylene." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 9 (February 24, 2021): 3770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05899.

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23

Tobita, Hidetaka, and Koji Hatanaka. "Long-chain branching in free-radical polymerization due to chain transfer to polymer." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33, no. 5 (April 15, 1995): 841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330513.

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24

Hutchinson, Robin A. "Modeling of Chain Length and Long-Chain Branching Distributions in Free-Radical Polymerization." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3919(20010301)10:3<144::aid-mats144>3.0.co;2-a.

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25

Tobita, Hidetaka. "Kinetics of Long-Chain Branching via Chain Transfer to Polymer: I. Branched Structure." Polymer Reaction Engineering 1, no. 3 (March 1993): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543414.1992.10744435.

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26

Tobita, Hidetaka. "Kinetics of long-chain branching in emulsion polymerization: 1. Chain transfer to polymer." Polymer 35, no. 14 (July 1994): 3023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(94)90415-4.

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27

Tobita, Hidetaka. "Molecular Weight Development during Simultaneous Chain Scission, Long-Chain Branching and Crosslinking, 1." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 12, no. 1 (February 2003): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.200390005.

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28

Tobita, Hidetaka. "Molecular Weight Development during Simultaneous Chain Scission, Long-Chain Branching and Crosslinking, 2." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 12, no. 1 (February 2003): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.200390006.

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29

Tian, Jinghua, Wei Yu, and Chixing Zhou. "The preparation and rheology characterization of long chain branching polypropylene." Polymer 47, no. 23 (October 2006): 7962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.042.

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30

Cheng, Song, Edward Phillips, and Lewis Parks. "Improving processability of polyethylenes by radiation-induced long chain branching." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78, no. 7-8 (July 2009): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.03.043.

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31

Zhao, Wangyang, Guoqing Wu, and Qi Yang. "Controlling the Transition of Long- and Short-Chain Branching Polypropylene." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 51, no. 7 (April 15, 2012): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012.662257.

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32

Maccone, Patrizia, Marco Apostolo, and Giuseppe Ajroldi. "Molecular Weight Distribution of Fluorinated Polymers with Long Chain Branching." Macromolecules 33, no. 5 (March 2000): 1656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma990982w.

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33

Amnuaypornsri, Sureerut, Lucksanaporn Tarachiwin, and Jitladda T. Sakdapipanich. "Character of long-chain branching in highly purified natural rubber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 115, no. 6 (March 15, 2010): 3645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.31419.

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34

Rodríguez, Virginia I., Roque J. Minari, Diana A. Estenoz, Luis M. Gugliotta, and Gregorio R. Meira. "Emulsion polymerization of isoprene: Mathematical model for long-chain branching." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 127, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 1038–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.37658.

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35

Grinshpun, V., A. Rudin, K. E. Russell, and M. V. Scammell. "Long-chain branching indices from size-exclusion chromatography of polyethylenes." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24, no. 5 (May 1986): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090240516.

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36

Dickie, Brian D., and R. J. Koopmans. "Long-chain branching determination in irradiated linear low-density polyethylene." Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Letters 28, no. 6 (May 1990): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1990.140280602.

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37

Lee, Sanghoon, and Taihyun Chang. "Branching Analysis of Comb-Shaped Polystyrene with Long Chain Branches." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 218, no. 12 (April 18, 2017): 1700087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700087.

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38

Brignac, Stephen D., and Harold W. Young. "The effects of EPM long chain branching on TPO properties." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.10132.

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39

McDaniel, M. P., D. C. Rohlfing, and E. A. Benham. "Long Chain Branching in Polyethylene from the Phillips Chromium Catalyst." Polymer Reaction Engineering 11, no. 2 (January 5, 2003): 101–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pre-120021071.

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40

Carella, J. M., J. T. Gotro, and W. W. Graessley. "Thermorheological effects of long-chain branching in entangled polymer melts." Macromolecules 19, no. 3 (May 1986): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a031.

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41

Crosby, B. J., M. Mangnus, W. de Groot, R. Daniels, and T. C. B. McLeish. "Characterization of long chain branching: Dilution rheology of industrial polyethylenes." Journal of Rheology 46, no. 2 (March 2002): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.1451083.

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42

Borsig, E., M. van Duin, A. D. Gotsis, and F. Picchioni. "Long chain branching on linear polypropylene by solid state reactions." European Polymer Journal 44, no. 1 (January 2008): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.10.008.

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43

García-Franco, César A., David J. Lohse, Christopher G. Robertson, and Olivier Georjon. "Relative quantification of long chain branching in essentially linear polyethylenes." European Polymer Journal 44, no. 2 (February 2008): 376–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.10.030.

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44

Nele, Márcio, and João B. P. Soares. "Long-Chain Branching with Metallocene Catalysts: Is a Purely Kinetic Mechanism for Terminal Branching Sufficient?" Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 11, no. 9 (November 2002): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3919(200211)11:9<939::aid-mats939>3.0.co;2-y.

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45

Ellul, M. D. "Novel Dynamically Vulcanized Elastomer-Polypropylene Blends with Improved Elasticity." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547734.

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Abstract High elasticity in dynamically vulcanized EPDM-Polypropylene blends, as demonstrated by lower residual deformation upon release of constraint, is a much desired attribute. It has been found that this property can be improved beyond the conventional norms of highly crosslinking the rubber phase. This is achieved through the use of a polypropylene phase with a high degree of long-chain branching. The branching index, g', at molecular weight greater than 1×106 should be less than about 0.6. It is postulated that in the melt and at low frequencies the long-chain branched polypropylene behaves as a network. Therefore in the melt, the dynamically vulcanized alloy behaves as a dual network material: one network being the chemically crosslinked rubber phase, and the other being the physical network arising from the high level of long-chain branching in polypropylene. In the solid state, the co-continuous morphology arising from the choice of long-chain branched polypropylene contributes to the enhanced elasticity of the dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer.
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46

Bahreini, Ebrahim, Seyed Foad Aghamiri, Manfred Wilhelm, and Mahdi Abbasi. "Influence of molecular structure on the foamability of polypropylene: Linear and extensional rheological fingerprint." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x17700097.

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The foaming structure and rheological properties of four different isotactic homo-polypropylenes with various molecular weights and an isotactic long chain branched polypropylene were investigated to find a suitable rheological fingerprint for PP foams. The molecular weight distribution and thermal properties were measured using GPC-MALLS and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Small amplitude oscillatory shear data and uniaxial extensional experiments were analyzed using the frameworks of van Gurp-Palmen plot (δ vs. | G*|) and the molecular stress function model, respectively. These analyses were used to find a correlation between the molecular structure, rheological properties and foaming structures of linear and long chain branching polypropylenes. Two linear viscoelastic characteristics, | G*| at δ = 60° and | η*| at ω = 5 rad/s were used as criteria for foamability of these polymers, where decreasing of both parameters by increasing the long chain branching content results in smaller cell size and higher cell density. The molecular stress function model was able to quantify the strain hardening properties of long chain branching blends using small amplitude oscillatory shear data and two nonlinear material parameters, 1 ≤ β ≤ 2.2 and 1 ≤ [Formula: see text] ≤ 600, where the minimum and maximum values of these parameters belong to the linear and long chain branched polypropylene, respectively. Increasing the long chain branched polypropylene content of the PP blends increased strain hardening, and therefore improved the foaming characteristics significantly by suppressing the coalescence of cells. Dilution of linear PP with only 10 wt% of long chain branched polypropylene enhanced the cell density from 5.7 × 106 to 2.7 × 107 cell/cm3 and reduced the average cell diameter from 58 to 26 µm, respectively, while their volume expansion ratio remained in the same range of 2–3. Increasing of long chain branching to 50 and 100 wt% enhanced the V.E.R. to 6.2 and 7.8, respectively.
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47

Tian, Bo, Jinfeng Li, Zhigang Li, Ningdi Xu, Gang Yao, Nan Zhang, Wei Dong, Yuguang Liu, and Mingwei Di. "Synergistic lignin construction of a long-chain branched polypropylene and its properties." RSC Advances 10, no. 62 (2020): 38120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06889f.

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48

Jiafeng, Li, Zhang Qin, Fan Tiantang, Gong Li, Ye Wuyou, Fan Zhongyong, Cao Lu, and Liu Qing. "Crystallization and biocompatibility enhancement of 3D-printed poly(l-lactide) vascular stents with long chain branching structures." CrystEngComm 22, no. 4 (2020): 728–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01477b.

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The long chain branching poly(L-lactide)s were prepared by reactive processing of linear PLA using pyromellitic dianhydride and polyfunctional epoxy ether as the branching agent and their vascular stents were fabricated via 3D-printing.
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49

Kamleitner, Florian, Bernadette Duscher, Thomas Koch, Simone Knaus, Klaus Schmid, and Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki. "Influence of the Molar Mass on Long-Chain Branching of Polypropylene." Polymers 9, no. 12 (September 12, 2017): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9090442.

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50

Sakdapipanich, Jitladda Tangpakdee, Tippawan Kowitteerawut, Krisda Suchiva, and Yasuyuki Tanaka. "Long-Chain Branching and Mechanism Controlling Molecular Weight in Hevea Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 4 (September 1, 1999): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538828.

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Abstract The linear character of transesterified deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR-TE) was confirmed by the analysis of terminal groups with NMR and viscometric analyses. The branch content of DPNR rubber from fresh latex was found to range from 0.3 to 1.3 and 0.7 to 3.2, based on tri- and tetra-functionalities, respectively. The plot between the number of branch-points and molecular weight (MW) can be divided into three fractions: (A) the rubber fractions in MW ranging from 2.4×105 to 1.9×106; (B) between 1.9×105 and 2.4×105; and (C) those of MW less than 1.9×105. The fraction (A) showed the number of branch-points per a branched molecule (m) higher than that of fractions (B) and (C). This plot is superimposable with the bimodal molecular-weight distribution (MWD) of Hevea rubber, showing a good coinciding of peak-tops at the high and low MW fractions. It seems likely that there is a close relationship between the number of branch-point and bimodal MWD of natural rubber.
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