Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Long ARNs non-codants'
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De, Clara Etienne. "Etude des longs ARNs non codants dans la leucémie aiguë myéloblastique à caryotype normal." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30280/document.
Full textLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as RNA transcripts that are larger than 200 nt but do not appear to have protein- coding potential. Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs regulate many processes such as transcription, translation, cellular differentiation, gene expression regulation, cell cycle regulation, and chromatin modification. Cumulative evidence points towards an important role of lncRNAs in cancer initiation, development, and progression. However, our overall knowledge of lncRNAs in cancer, including leukemia, remains extremely limited. In this study, we investigated lncRNA expression by RNA-sequencing in 40 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with normal karyotype. Among 11065 lncRNA expressed in our samples, we identified specific lncRNA signature associated with the presence of NPM1 mutation. To go further into the putative function of these lncRNAs, we used catRAPID Omics algorithm to predict potential protein partners. Interestingly, the majority of the selected lncRNAs contains putative SUZ12 binding sites, a PRC2 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2) component known to be linked to lncRNAs and to epigenetically regulates target genes. By using SUZ12 RNA Immunoprecipitation, we identify one lncRNA named XLOC_087120 linked to SUZ12. XLOC_087120 is located in a region enriched in histone genes. Pearson correlation showed a significative anti-correlation between XLOC_087120 and histone neighboring coding gene expression suggesting a role of this lncRNA in the regulation of histone genes. The impact on histone genes expression was confirmed by overexpression and inhibition of XLOC_087120 in AML cell lines. Overexpression of NPM1 mutant in an AML cell line showed that NPM1 modulates the nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of XLOC_087120 and consequently its repressive function. Altogether, these data suggest that lncRNAs should be considered as key players in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemias
Moreno, Leon Laura. "Étude d'un long ARN non codant induit par l'hypoxie et associé à l’agressivité des adénocarcinomes bronchopulmonaires." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4144.
Full textNon Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence despite early surgical removal. It is therefore essential to identify new prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets. We are interested in gene regulation related to hypoxia, a factor associated with relapse of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). The roles of long non coding RNAs (incRNAs) in cancer development and hypoxic response are largely unexplored. A transcriptome profiling of early-stage LUAD samples indicated that a set of incRNAs was correlated to a metagene hypoxic signature. Some of these transcripts were also sensitive to hypoxia in LUAD cell lines. We focused on a new "hypoxaLinc", named NLUCAT1 that is strongly up-regulated by hypoxia in vitro and correlated to hypoxic markers and bad prognosis in LUAD samples. Full molecular charactherization of NLUCAT1 showed that LUCAT1 is mainly regulated by NF-kβ and NRF2 transcription factors. Targered deletion of NLUCAT using CRISPR/CAS9 in A549 LUAD cell line, revelated a decrase in proliferative and invasive properties, an increase in oxidative stress and a higher sensisivity to displatin-induced apoptosis. We identified genes of the NRF2-regulated and anti-oxidant response whose RNA interference partially mimicked the consequences of NLUCAT1 inactivation on ROS-dependent caspase activation. Overall, our data strongly demonstrate that NLUCAT1 exerts pro-tumoral activities in early stages hypoxic LUADs ans suggest it could represent a new potential therapeutic target in lung cancer
Moreno, Leon Laura. "Étude d'un long ARN non codant induit par l'hypoxie et associé à l’agressivité des adénocarcinomes bronchopulmonaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4144.
Full textNon Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence despite early surgical removal. It is therefore essential to identify new prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets. We are interested in gene regulation related to hypoxia, a factor associated with relapse of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). The roles of long non coding RNAs (incRNAs) in cancer development and hypoxic response are largely unexplored. A transcriptome profiling of early-stage LUAD samples indicated that a set of incRNAs was correlated to a metagene hypoxic signature. Some of these transcripts were also sensitive to hypoxia in LUAD cell lines. We focused on a new "hypoxaLinc", named NLUCAT1 that is strongly up-regulated by hypoxia in vitro and correlated to hypoxic markers and bad prognosis in LUAD samples. Full molecular charactherization of NLUCAT1 showed that LUCAT1 is mainly regulated by NF-kβ and NRF2 transcription factors. Targered deletion of NLUCAT using CRISPR/CAS9 in A549 LUAD cell line, revelated a decrase in proliferative and invasive properties, an increase in oxidative stress and a higher sensisivity to displatin-induced apoptosis. We identified genes of the NRF2-regulated and anti-oxidant response whose RNA interference partially mimicked the consequences of NLUCAT1 inactivation on ROS-dependent caspase activation. Overall, our data strongly demonstrate that NLUCAT1 exerts pro-tumoral activities in early stages hypoxic LUADs ans suggest it could represent a new potential therapeutic target in lung cancer
Gautier-Isola, Marine. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de longs ARNs non codants induits par l’hypoxie et impliqués dans l’agressivité des cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6026.
Full textLung cancers, and notably Lung Adenocarcinomas (LUAD) are the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Their high rate of recurrence despite early, requires new prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets. The combined study of local cohort (CHU of Nice) and large scale (TCGA) transcriptomes of LUAD allowed the identification of a shortlist of 28 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) correlated with hypoxia, a factor of tumor aggressiveness, and a poor prognosis. LncRNAs are transcripts that modulate gene expression through the recruitment of proteins and/or nucleic acids and represent an interesting source of new therapeutic targets. Two lncRNAs candidate were selected and molecular characterization was undertaken by sequencing, RT-PCR and smRNA FISH and concern the nuclear lncRNA NLUCAT1 of 9,8kb and the cytosolic lncRNA LINC01116 of 1,2kb. Experiments with loss of function via CRISPR/Cas9 systems, interference RNA and gain of function allowed to characterize the function of these transcripts. Invalidation of NLUCAT1 by CRISPR/Cas9 reduces proliferation, migration, invasion and increases cisplatin sensitivity and ROS production. Bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomes from cells invalidated or not for NLUCAT1 has demonstrated its involvement in the mechanisms of regulation of oxidative stress via a positive feedback from the NRF2 antioxidant pathway. On the other hand, lncRNA LINC01116 is mainly expressed in endothelial cells of the tumor microenvironment and its inhibition by interfering RNA reduces the adhesion capacities and increases the permeability of the endothelium. Mechanistic characterization was perform for LINC01116 via RNA pulldown-MS co-precipitation experiments and idenfied a list of potential partner proteins. The proteins of RNA metabolism and stability, ILF3 and PABPC1 were identified and their interactions with LINC01116 were validated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Overall, during my thesis, I determine the pro-tumoral action of the NLUCAT1 in LUAD and the involvement of LINC01116 in the modification of the tumor microenvironment. These two transcripts could represent potential therapeutic targets in the management of lung cancer
Gourvest, Morgane. "Etude des longs ARNs non codants dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes : relevance clinique et caractérisation fonctionnelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30117.
Full textLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential. Long considered as useless, their recent study has demonstrated that lncRNAs have important roles in gene expression regulation. Cumulative evidence points toward the implication for lncRNAs deregulation in tumorigenesis. In this study, we sought to evaluate specific lncRNAs expression profiles among cytogenetically normal AML patients (CN-AML), their involvement in this pathology being barely referenced. The RNA sequencing that we performed on forty CN-AML patients allowed us to highlight a minimal set of 12 differentially expressed lncRNAs in AML patients bearing the mutation in the Nucleophosmin gene (NPM1). These results were confirmed by RT-qPCR (Fluidigm) on a validation set of 134 CN-AML patients. Among these, we identified one putative biomarker, the lncRNA XLOC_109948, whose low expression indicates a good prognosis, especially for NPM1-mutated patients. Consistently, the downregulation of XLOC_109948 using GapmeRs in a NPM1-mutated AML cell line enhances apoptosis of these cells treated with aracytine, suggesting the role of XLOC_109948 in drug sensitivity. We also functionally characterized another lncRNA of the NPM1 signature, that we named LONA (lncRNA overexpressed in NPM1-mutated AML patients). On one hand, we observed that the mutation of NPM1 leads to a nuclear delocalization of LONA lncRNA, which consequently modulates its cellular functions. Loss and gain of functions strategies allowed us to show that LONA seems to have oncogenic effects in a NPM1 mutated AML context, where it is implicated in vitro in myeloid differentiation and in vivo cellular growth processes by regulating the expression of master genes such as THSB1, ASB2, and MAFB. At the contrary, the deregulation of LONA lncRNA in a NPM1 wild type AML context leads to opposite and tumor suppressor effects, suggesting a different regulation depending on the mutational status of NPM1. On the other hand, the LONA’s genomic locus is located on chromosome 6, within a cluster of histone coding genes. In NPM1 mutated AML patients, we observed that the expression of LONA inversely correlates with the expression of some neighboring histones genes. Consistently, the downregulation of LONA lncRNA by using GapmeRs in a NPM1 mutated AML cell line leads to the upregulation of some proximal histones genes of the cluster. By RNA immunoprecipitation, we showed that LONA interacts with the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), suggesting its contribution to epigenetic regulation of histone genes transcription and chromatin remodeling. More preliminary, we also think that LONA could regulate the maturation step of histone messengers by sequestrating, as a molecular sponge, the snRNA U7, a small regulatory RNA implicated in the maturation of histone messengers 3’ ends. Altogether, these data suggest that lncRNAs could be considered as strong prognostic biomarkers and emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Floriot, Océane. "Virus de l’Hépatite B et transcription cellulaire : impact de la protéine HBx et de ses interactions avec les ARNs non-codants." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1319/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major health problem worldwide despite the availability of the vaccine. No cure is available for the 240 million peoples chronically infected with HBV that are at risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral suppression, achieved by long term treatment with nucleotides analogues (NUCs), impacts on liver fibrosis and prevents liver decompensation but HCC risk is not reduced in the first 5 years of treatment. HBV is a small hepatotropic virus with a partially double strand DNA (rcDNA) genome. After hepatocyte infection the rcDNA is converted into the cccDNA episome that is then organized into a viral minichromosome that is the template for all viral transcripts and initiates replication. The hepatitis B x protein (HBx) is recruited on the cccDNA and is required to launch and maintain cccDNA transcription. HBx has also been shown to directly target cellular genes and this has been related to HCC development.We used a ChIP-Seq approach to determine the full repertoire of HBx genomic targets in HBV replicating cells. HBx targets include both protein coding genes and ncRNA (75 miRNAs and 34 lncRNAs). We showed that HBx represses a subset of miRNAs that would negatively regulate viral replication (i.e. miR-24) and miRNAs involved in HCC development (i.e. miR-21). Among the HBx targeted lncRNAs we focused DLEU2, which is strongly upregulated in HBV infection and HCC. We further showed that DLEU2 binds both HBx the Ezh2 histone methyltransferase, the catalytic subunit of the repressive PRC2 complex. The interaction with DLEU2 and HBx re-wires Ezh2/PRC2 functions leading to the constitutive activation of a subset of Ezh2 target genes that are normally kept in a repressed state. We also showed that HBx interaction with DLEU2 occurs on the cccDNA minichromosome where it boosts HBV transcription/replication. Finally, we characterized by ATAC-Seq HBV imposed changes of chromatin accessibility in primary human hepatocytes
Haller, Alexandre. "Characterization of long non-coding RNA LENT, a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ025.
Full textMelanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancers, accounting for 1% of all cutaneous cancers, but is responsible for the majority of deaths from these cancers. Metastatic melanoma is treated with immunotherapy or targeted MAPK inhibition. However, primary or acquired resistance is challenging researchers to find new therapies. In this context, the host laboratory has identified a series of melanoma-specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). My project concerns the lncRNA LENT (LncRNA Enhancer of Translation), which is highly expressed in melanoma compared with other cancers or normal tissues. LENT is regulated by the transcription factor MITF and expressed in melanocytic melanoma cells. Silencing of LENT inhibits melanoma proliferation and induces apoptosis. Purification of LENT coupled to mass spectrometry revealed a selective interaction with the G quadruplex resolvase DHX36 which regulates mRNA translation and localizes to mitochondria in melanoma cells. LENT deletion modulates the association of many mRNAs with DHX36 and polysomes, modulating their translation. This deletion promotes mitophagy and reduces the stress response capacity of melanoma cells, leading to their death. LENT therefore represents a new therapeutic target for treating cutaneous melanoma
Riquier, Sébastien. "Dans les abysses du transcriptome : découverte de nouveaux biomarqueurs de cellules souches mésenchymateuses par analyse approfondie du RNAseq." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT004.
Full textThe development of RNA sequencing, or RNAseq, have opened the path of intensive biomarkers research in many areas of biology. The complete information of the transcriptome contained in the output data, allows a bioinformatician to surpass the current knowledge and to access, thanks to advanced computer pipelines, to signatures of new interest. In this thesis, we are showing that these potential markers, classically used in clinical and pathological conditions, can be used to characterize cell types without extensive markers profile. We have studied mesenchymal stem cells, a type of adult multipotent stem cells, strongly used in clinics but without strickly specific positive markers. Our study mainly focuses on the search for non-annotated, long non-coding RNAs. These RNAs, also called "lncRNA", constitute an emerging class of transcripts and are still lightly explored.In addition, this category presents a highly tissue-related specificity. We have developed an optimized RNAseq pipeline for the reconstruction and quantification of non-annotated lncRNAs.Using public data from RNAseq, coming from different sources of MSC and other cell types, we have identified new non-annotated lncRNAs clearly and specifically expressed in MSCs. to complete this project, we developed Kmerator.jl, a bioinformatical tool that allows to decompose a transcript in k-mer, and select specific sub-sequences, in order to search and quantify at a faster rate the signature of our candidates in a large number of RNAseq dataset. After validation of these new biomarkers of MSCs by qPCR, we used several computer tools to predict their potential functions. Finally, we analyzed single-cell RNAseq data to address the heterogeneity of expression within MSC populations
Andric, Vedrana. "Study of the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Formation of S. pombe Erh1 homodimer mediates gametogenic gene silencing and meiosis progression A scaffold lncRNA shapes the mitosis to meiosis switch." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL056.
Full textIn the fission yeast S. pombe, a subset of meiosis-specific genes is constitutively transcribed during the mitotic cell cycle. To prevent untimely expression of the meiotic program and premature initiation of sexual differentiation, cells have evolved an RNA degradation system that selectively eliminates the corresponding meiotic transcripts. This process requires the YTH-family RNA-binding protein Mmi1, which recognizes cis-elements within RNA molecules (UNAAAC motifs) and targets them for degradation by the nuclear exosome. At the onset of meiosis, Mmi1 is sequestered in a ribonucleoparticle composed of the RNA-binding protein Mei2 and the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) meiRNA, thereby allowing expression of meiotic genes and meiosis progression. My PhD work consisted in studying the mechanisms by which Mmi1 promotes the degradation of meiotic transcripts and how its activity is regulated during both the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. During vegetative growth, Mmi1 tightly associates with the evolutionarily conserved Erh1 protein to form the heterotetrameric Erh1-Mmi1 complex (EMC) that is essential for the degradation of meiotic transcripts. Using biochemical and structural approaches, we have shown that Erh1 assembles as a homodimer in vitro and in vivo, consistent with recent analyses. Mutations that disrupt Erh1 homodimerization but preserve interaction with Mmi1 result in the accumulation of meiotic transcripts due to inefficient binding of Mmi1 to its RNA targets. Erh1 homodimerization is also required for Mmi1 luring by the Mei2-meiRNA complex and meiosis progression. Thus, EMC assembly is essential for the recognition and degradation of meiotic transcripts by Mmi1 in mitotic cells and contributes to Mmi1 inactivation at meiosis onset. Previous work showed that, during vegetative growth, Mmi1 recruits the conserved Ccr4-Not complex to ubiquitinylate and downregulate a pool of its own inhibitor Mei2, thereby maintaining its activity in meiotic RNA degradation. We have identified a lncRNA, different from meiRNA and termed mamRNA (Mmi1- and Mei2-associated RNA), to which Mmi1 associates to target Mei2 to the Ccr4-Not complex. Conversely, when Mei2 downregulation is impaired, mamRNA is necessary for Mmi1 inactivation by increased Mei2 levels. Single molecule RNA FISH experiments also indicated that mamRNA localizes to a nuclear body enriched in Mmi1, suggesting that the mutual control of Mmi1 and Mei2 is spatially confined. mamRNA can also take over meiRNA to inhibit Mmi1 and promote meiosis progression. Therefore, mamRNA emerges as a critical regulator of Mmi1 and Mei2 activities to fine tune meiotic RNA degradation and shape the mitosis to meiosis transition
Laugier, Laurie. "Identification de marqueurs de susceptibilité dans les formes chroniques de la maladie de Chagas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0226.
Full textChagas disease is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the hematophagous insects. The disease is composed by acute and chronic phases. Among the infected individuals, 30 % develop chronic form. They suffer from heart, digestive (esophagus, colon) and cardiodigestives injury. Our study was focused on patients with dilated chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). Our goal is to identify susceptibility genes that may be involved in the development of chronic forms. Our study revealed a variation in the expression of certain genes between CCC group and controls. We are also interested in epigenetic processes that can regulate the expression of genes. A study of the DNA methylation crossed with the transcriptome allowed us to identify genes presenting both variations in expression and methylation. For some of these genes we demonstrated that methylation is responsible for the expression variation observed. Finally, we studied a long non-coding RNA called MIAT. Our study demonstrated that it is overexpressed in CCC compared to controls and in a murine model infected by T. cruzi. Furthermore, the analysis of the expression of micro-RNAs crossed with transcriptome analysis allowed us to identify several micro-RNAs whose functions are essential in the regulation of gene expression. Finally, a proteomic study allowed us to demonstrate an increase in the production of protein for certain genes, correlated with the increase in expression levels observed
Jarroux, Julien. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des longs ARN non codants associés à la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://theses.hal.science/tel-02882448.
Full textIn the last decade, new high-throughput sequencing techniques have revealed the complexity of the human transcriptome, allowing the characterization of long non-coding (lnc)RNAs. These transcripts have been reported as very specific to tissues, developmental stages and pathological variations such as cancer. However, mechanisms through which they may act in the promotion of cancer are still poorly characterized. In my PhD project, I investigated the role of lncRNAs and their association to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process which has been linked to metastasis and cancer progression.Using transcriptomic approaches from total and subcellular-fractionated RNA extracts from a cell system that models EMT (Castro-Vega et al, 2013), I identified over a thousand differentially expressed yet unannotated lncRNAs. Then I validated their expression, subcellular localization and the chromatin marks associated with their regulation.In order to assess whether these new lncRNA are functional in the EMT, I designed a CRISPR-activating (CRISPRa) screen using a dead Cas9 fused to transcription activating proteins (in collaboration with the lab of Neville Sanjana, NYU). This screen is based on two main phenotypes associated with the EMT: invasion capacity of the cells, and expression of an epithelial surface marker (EpCAM).In addition to the CRISPRa screening, I identified a novel lncRNA in mesenchymal cells which leads to a loss of epithelial markers and an increase in migration capacities when overexpressed in epithelial cells.Altogether, I used a combination of high-throughput methods to characterize the non-coding transcriptome associated to the EMT and identify yet unannotated transcripts which are functional in its regulation
Anney, Princia. "Utilisation du long ARN non codant conservé Tuna pour comprendre la biologie des IncRNAs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37015.
Full textVan, Grembergen Olivier. "Portrait, caractérisation et intérêt clinique des ARNs non codants dans le cancer du sein." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246014.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Meseure, Didier. "Evaluation du rôle des longs ARN non codants dans les carcinomes mammaires infiltrants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS471/document.
Full textBreast cancer is the second most common cancer and the first malignancy of women. Currently, only few biomarkers (ER, PR, receptor HER2, index Ki67) and transcriptomic signature PAM50 are included in the morphological classification and therapeutic orientation. Transcriptome genome-wide analyses unexpectedly revealed that over 80% of the DNA is transcribed into RNA. Among these noncoding RNAs, transcripts longer than 200 nt are arbitrarily qualified as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs play a crucial role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis and present abnormal expression patterns in various diseases, including cancer. The main objective of my project was to analyze expression of lncRNAs, their functionality and their roles in breast oncogenesis. The first part focused on the study of ANRIL and MALAT1 genes, two lncRNAs whose mechanisms of action and clinical significance in breast carcinogenesis are still controversial. ANRIL and MALAT1 respectively overexpressed in 20% and 14% of tumors in our series, confirming their pro-oncogenic roles in mammary carcinogenesis. MALAT1 overexpression results in RNA-FISH by presence of huge intranuclear speckles. Complexity of their deregulation is associated with presence of various isoforms and interaction networks with miRNAs, mRNAs and other lncRNAs. Concerning PRC2/PRC1 polycomb sub-units interacting with ANRIL, EZH2 (PRC2) is normally targeted by 3 onco-suppressor miRNAs (miR-26A1, miR-125B and miR-214) that are under-expressed in our series of CCIs. The 2 oncomiRs miR-181B1 and miR-181A2 that normally target and inactivate CBX7 (PRC1) appear overexpressed in our series of CCIs, resulting from activation of the oncogene HMGA1. Concerning MALAT1, the miRNAs biogenesis complex Drosha-DGCR8-Microprocessor regulates expression levels of the splicing variant Δ-MALAT1 and the latter is involved in activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Significant correlations were observed between MALAT1 and genes involved in alternative splicing, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair and migration. Aberrant transcriptomic profiles of these two lncRNAs seem characteristics of mammary carcinomas. Thus, ANRIL (i) presents an unexpected positive association with the p16-CDKN2A/p15-CDKN2B/p14-ARF cluster in our series of CCIs, whereas this association appears negative in prostate carcinomas and (ii) epigenetically inactivates onco-suppressor miRNAs miR99a/miR-449a in gastric carcinomas, but not in our series. From a clinic point of view, two independent prognostic signatures were identified, one incorporating two protein partners of ANRIL belonging to the polycomb complexes (EZH2 overexpression / CBX7 under-expression) and the other represented by under-expression of the variant Δ-MALAT1 observed in 20% of tumors in our series. The presence of alternative splice variants, multiple interactions with mRNAs and miRNAs and organ specificity should be considered when evaluating epigenetic antitumoral drugs designed to target ANRIL (bromodomains and oncoMIRs inhibitors) and MALAT1 (ASOs) in breast cancers. The second part of the project involved analysis of non-coding transcriptome of mammary carcinomas to identify new types of lncRNAs, including new antisens lncRNAs, circular lncRNAs, induced lncRNAs, noncoding ultraconserved transcripts and lncRNAs associated with resistance to systemic treatments. The preliminary analysis performed on a small cohort of breast cancers (n=8) will allow the implementation of the main (n=40) which will enhance robustness of identified signatures
Bouckenheimer, Julien. "Rôle fonctionnel des longs ARN non codants dans l'adaptation et la pluripotence des cellules souches en culture." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3505.
Full textThe actual and future applications of human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) in the biomedical field are highly promising. Their use for the discovery of new therapeutic drugs through the development of high-throughput screening tests, cytotoxicity tests and in vitro disease modeling has been added to their tremendous interests in regenerative medicine and cellular therapy. As a source of biological material that can be used to restore partially or totally the lost functions of a damaged organ or tissue, or as a source of normal cells to study human development or test putative new drugs, their genomic integrity has to be thoroughly assessed. Therefore, an effective optimization of their culture conditions has to be considered, in order to control the absence of genomic instability and prevent their potential emergence. Any genetic or epigenetic alteration resulting from cell culturing must be detected in order to define and characterize acceptance criteria for scientific and medical purposes.PSC are particularly sensitive to stress resulting from unappropriated passaging techniques, which cause rapid genetic drift. Indeed, our team observed that many genomic abnormalities arise from aggressive single cell, enzymatic based, passaging methods, and that substantial phenotypical changes such as increased survival after cell dissociation and variation in cell shape can then occur.In order to understand the mechanisms governing the emergence of those adverse alterations, the team focused on the consequences resulting from the adaptation of PSC to single-cell dissociation. By using new generation sequencing techniques as RNA-Seq, we compared transcriptomics of PSC passaged by standard techniques (such as mechanical passaging) versus single-cell enzymatic dissociation (such as TRyPLE-based single-cell passaging). This comparison showed that the most striking difference in the gene expression pattern between adapted and non adapted cells concerned the dramatic overexpression of RNAs from a recently discovered class: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).The aim of this thesis work was to determine to which extent some of these lncRNAs were functionally linked to adaptation of PSC. In order to address this matter, we first investigated in silico which lncRNAs were upregulated by single-cell dissociation, and after experimental validation of lncRNA candidates by molecular biology, we performed functional in vitro analysis (notably by siRNA-mediated loss of function) and sought their cellular localization in order to decipher their role in the cellular machinery and their level of implication. Beside this main project, other auxiliary projects were grafted. The observation of major changes in cell phenotype and behavior led to the investigation of the global mechanisms governing these modifications, underlining the potential role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition provoked by single-cell dissociation. Finally, the global attractiveness of lncRNAs and the emergence of exponential documentation concerning non-coding RNAs prompted the writing of an extensive review and meta-analysis concerning the implications of lncRNAs during embryo development and in pluripotent stem cells
Tran, Van Giang. "Régulation de l'expression du gène Igf2 : nouveaux promoteurs et implication de longs ARN non-codants." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20022/document.
Full textIn mammals, the expression of the Igf2 gene, which is subject to parental genomic imprinting, is tightly regulated during embryonic development and the perinatal period through several transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. These mechanisms are involving long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) produced within the locus; among them the best known is probably the H19 RNA. Using a genetic complementation assay consisting in transfections of an H19 transgene into H19 KO myoblasts, we discovered several novel Igf2 promoters in the mouse. One of these promoters, that is conserved in the human, can be activated by ectopic H19 antisens RNAs (91H lncRNAs) despite a complete methylation of the Imprinting-Control Region located in cis on the same allele. We also show that the 91H lncRNAs possess some tissue-specific features and that their transcription can be initiated from the CS4, CS5 and CS9 conserved sequences located downstream of the H19 gene. On the other hand, the H19 RNA, that is the major lncRNA of the locus, appears to regulate its antisense transcripts in H19 KO myoblasts complemented with the H19 transgene, but its major function seems to be in regulating post-transcriptionally the Igf2 gene expression. Indeed, we have observed that it favours the endoribonucleolytic cleavage of the Igf2 messenger RNAs through a mechanism that remains to be elucidated. Finally, we reveal the existence of a premature transcriptional elongation stop of the Igf2 gene, for which we propose a regulation model involving another lncRNA of the locus: the PIHit lncRNA. Beyond the mechanisms that remain to be explored, our results strengthen the idea that, in mammals, the three-dimensional organization of the chromatin is involved in regulating gene expression
Girard, Marie-Josée. "Implication du long ARN non-codant Neat2 dans la prolifération et le métabolisme énergétique des hépatocytes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30273/30273.pdf.
Full textNEAT2 is a long ncRNA overexpressed in a various type of cancer. However, whether NEAT2 directly impacts on carcinogenesis remains poorly investigated. Here, we report the role of NEAT2 and its functional domains on proliferation and energy metabolism of hepatocytes. In this study, we show a significant decrease in proliferation (14-35%) after knocked-down or knockout of NEAT2 expression in both human hepatocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. On the other hand, we observed a significant increase in proliferation (27-33%) in mice hepatocytes overexpressing NEAT2 and the mascRNA domain. The overexpression of the mascRNA domain also resulted in a significant increase in cellular glucose uptake, suggesting a role in glucose utilization. Our study highlights the significance of NEAT2 and its mascRNA domain in cellular proliferation and glucose metabolism. These data suggest an important role for the mascRNA domain in the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation by NEAT2.
Gendron, Judith. "Les longs ARN non codants, une nouvelle classe de régulateurs génomique tissu-spécifique : signature moléculaire spécifique des neurones dopaminergiques et sérotoninergiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066518.
Full textOnly 1.2% of the genome codes for proteins; 98.8% is thus non-coding, despite 93% of the human genome being actively transcribed, mostly in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).These lncRNA constitute a new class of genomic regulator capable of acting at all levels of gene expression and their expression is highly tissue-specific,modulated during the time and under normal/pathological conditions.Thus, we propose that each specified cell expresses a specific repertoire of lncRNA correlated to open/active chromatin regions specifying its cellular identity.In this context, we isolated by FACS 2neural types involved in many pathologies: i) human dopaminergic neurons (nDA) differentiated from hiPS and ii) DA and serotoninergic (n5-HT) neurons. From these 2neural types, we identified 1,363 lncRNA in nDA (among which 989 new, whether 73%) constituting the repertoire of nDA, and 1,257 lncRNA (among which 719 new) constituting the repertoire of n5-HT. Moreover,their comparison has shown that only 194 lncRNA are common to both neural types:thus the majority of lncRNA is expressed either in nDA or in n5-HT, indicating a high degree of cell-specificity.In addition, 39% of open chromatin regions, potentially regulatory, were also not detected in the n5-HT.Thus, we have generated DA and 5-HT specific catalogues of non-coding elements of the genome, which constitute DA and 5-HT specific molecular signatures, that could participate in deepening our knowledge regarding nDA or n5-HT development and dysfunctions. With this in mind,these DA specific elements have been compared with the SNP described as Parkinson Disease risk variants and candidate lncRNA were selected to perform studies of function
Merdrignac, Aude. "Etude de la voie TGFβ dans le cholangiocarcinome intrahépatique : implication des ARN longs non-codants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B020/document.
Full textIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary liver tumor developed from bile ducts. ICC prognosis is poor with current treatments that slightly increase patient survival. ICC carcinogenesis is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways including TGFβ pathway. Our hypothesis relies on the involvement of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as mediators of TGFβ pathway in the development of ICC. The aim of the study was to identify and to characterize TGFβ regulated lncRNA as ICC potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. We identified a specific transcriptomic signature after stimulation of ICC cell lines with TGFβ. Among the novel TGFβ target genes, several lncRNAs were identified including CASC15 renamed TLINC standing for TGFβ-induced long intergenic non-coding RNA. TLINC may play a role in the remodeling of an inflammatory microenvironment involved in ICC carcinogenesis, including the regulation of IL8. This role could be exerted by the interaction with other lncRNAs already identified in the ICC e.g. NEAT1. TLINC is overexpressed in human ICC tumors and may represent a relevant diagnostic biomarker. Circular isoforms of TLINC found in tumors may be detectable in serum and be noninvasive biomarkers. Transcriptomic analysis of tumors from a cohort of patients divided into 2 prognostic groups identified a lncRNAs signature predictive for survival. LncRNA ANRIL, already known to be upregulated in other cancers, is one of the lncRNAs that could be a prognostic biomarker in ICC
Tisseur, Mathieu. "Rôle de Hda1 dans la régulation de l'expression gènes par les longs ARN." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112100/document.
Full textNcRNAs are involved in gene regulation in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and Archaea. This regulation could be transcriptional or post-transcriptional. Histone modifications could be involved such as methylation or acetylation. I studied TIR1 gene whose expression is highly reduced when an antisense ncRNA called TIR1axut is stabilized. I showed that this regulation is Hda1-dependant. In addition to that, I showed that H3K14ac and H3K18ac are not directly responsible for TIR1 repression but a polar residue is required for a proper silencing of TIR1 in a XUT depending manner. Moreover, I showed that TIR1 repression is due to a post-transcriptional effect but does not affect mRNA stability. Finally, I tried in vain to understand Hda1 targeting on TIR1 searching for RNA/DNA hybrids using an antibody that recognizes such structures
Galipon, Joséphine Françoise. "La régulation de longs arn non-codants chez la levure S. Pombe pendant la réponse au stress par manque de glucose." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066213.
Full textThe transcription of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in cis of the gene coding for fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbp1+) is necessary for its induction in response to glucose starvation in fission yeast. This gene encodes an enzyme that is essential for gluconeogenesis (Hirota et al. 2008). This study redefines these lncRNAs as « metabolic stress-induced long non-coding RNAs » (mlonRNA). Strand-specific RNA sequencing also revealed the presence of an overlapping antisense RNA (as-lncRNA) that promptly disappears upon glucose starvation (Oda et al. Unpublished data). The half-lives of mlonRNA and as-lncRNA are significantly shorter than that of fbp1+ messenger RNA (mRNA). They carry a 5’-methylguanosine cap and are partially degraded by the nuclear exosome cofactor Rrp6, which promotes the degradation of transcripts in the 3’-to-5’ direction. Both sense and antisense lncRNAs are however exported to the cytoplasm where they are bound by multiple ribosomes. These mlonRNA and as-lncRNA carry significantly more short open reading frames (ORF) than the genomic average, but only as-lncRNA is targeted by the nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. On the other hand, since most short ORFs on mlonRNA are enriched in rare codons compared to the fbp1+ ORF, they may constituted one of the first natural targets of the recently discovered no-go decay (NGD) pathway (Galipon et al. 2013)
Lazorthes, Sandra. "Identification de très longs ARN non codants ou vlincRNA régulés au cours de la sénescence et caractérisation d'un vlincRNA nommé VAD requis pour le maintien de la sénescence." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2497/.
Full textSenescence is an anti-tumor mechanism which leads to a stable and irreversible arrest of cell proliferation. During this process there are major changes in chromatin structure, characteristic of senescent cells, called SAHFs (Senescence Associated Heterochromatin Foci) in which proliferative genes are repressed. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are known to be major actors of the formation of chromatin domains, e. G. Assembly of pericentric heterochromatin in mammals. Our working hypothesis is that ncRNAs may be involved in the formation of SAHFs and more generally in senescence process. To characterize the role of ncRNAs in senescence, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes in a model of RAF1 oncogene-induced human senescence. A large-scale strand-specific analysis, by tiling array, was performed on chromosomes 1 & 6 in proliferative and senescent cells. Comparison between the obtained profiles identified a number of transcripts differentially expressed during senescence. Surprisingly, while RNAs differentially expressed during the induction of senescence are largely repressed; ncRNAs, belonging to the recently described vlincRNA (very long intergenic non-coding (>50kb)) class, are mainly activated. This suggests that vlincRNAs may be involved in the establishment of senescence. During my PhD, I focused on one of these long ncRNAs, partially antisense to DDAH1 gene, hitherto unknown. I could show that this RNA is transcribed from a single transcription unit longer than 200 kb, and is weakly polyadenylated and most probably non-coding. This RNA has all the characteristics of very long RNAs recently described as vlincRNA, without any known functions up to date. We term this RNA VAD (VlincRNA Antisense to DDAH1). I showed that VAD is required for stable arrest of proliferation and the establishment of SAHFs. Moreover, VAD is involved in the regulation of the expression of tumor suppressor genes (p15INK4b, p16INK4a, p14ARF and p21) that control the cell cycle and the establishment of senescence. I also showed that VAD has an epigenetic repressive action in cis; whereas in trans, VAD has an epigenetic activating action on INK4 locus (encoding p15 INK4b, p16 INK4a and p14ARF). These data represent the first demonstration of the role of a vlincRNA in senescence. In order to analyze more extensively vlincRNA involvement in senescence, we performed strand-specific sequencing of total RNAs from proliferative cells compared to senescent cells. This was correlated with the analysis of chromatin landscape through ChIPseq experiments. These approaches led to identify other vlincRNAs and to analyze their regulation during senescence. These experiments should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating vlincRNAs and their importance in the epigenetic control during senescence. These broader approaches would provide insights into mechanisms regulating cellular processes by non-coding RNAs
Heneine, Jana. "Investigating the mitochondrial stress response specific to human dopaminergic neurons : insights into Parkinson’s Disease-associated alterations and contribution of long non-coding RNAs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS718.pdf.
Full textMitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a central role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta appear particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial stress, leading to their massive degeneration and the occurrence of motor symptoms. The molecular mechanisms underlying this selective susceptibility of human DA neurons remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the search for molecular elements intrinsic to DA neurons has been largely focused on protein-coding genes as of yet. However, there is growing interest in the study of non-coding elements of the genome such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), potent genomic regulator that display high cell type-and context-specificity. This work centered on the study of the mitochondrial stress response of human DA neurons and the potential contribution of lncRNAs to this response. We first used LUHMES-derived DA neurons to elucidate the specific response of human DA neurons to mitochondrial stress. We demonstrated that inhibiting the mitochondrial electron transport chain led to a significant disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in mitochondrial loss. This is supported by a robust induction of mitophagy and a reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition to these mitochondrial impairments, we observed a stress-induced decline in the maturation status of the DA population and an elevated proportion of apoptotic cells, indicating cellular damage beyond the mitochondrial network. PERK-dependent Unfolded Protein Response of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (UPRER), emerged as a central coordinator of the stress response. It appeared to modulate the inactivation of the mitochondrial UPR (UPRmt) and the cell-specific expression of lncRNAs. The identification of novel lncRNAs, specifically expressed in human DA neurons upon stress, strongly suggests their involvement in the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying the DA stress response. We highlight the discovery of a stress-specific lncRNA, lnc-SLC6A15-5, which regulated translation resumption after mitochondrial stress potentially through modulating the expression of ATF4 target genes involved in the mTOR signaling regulation. In a second part, we wished to assess whether this mitochondrial stress response was altered in a PD context, in particular linked to PRKN mutations. For this, we collected transcriptomic data from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived cells from PD patients carrying PRKN mutations and age-matched healthy individuals. Our results suggest that PARKIN deficiency altered cells’ differentiation status, displaying a potential delay in maturity and increase in glial population. The PRKN-mutant cells also appeared “pre-stressed” in basal conditions, as they exhibited activation of effectors of the ATF6- and IRE1-UPRER, as well as the NRF2-dependent antioxidant response. Incubation with mitochondrial toxins expectedly exacerbated these responses, with stronger activation of the three UPRER branches, downstream pro-apoptotic signaling and potential dysregulation of DNA repair mechanisms in PRKN-mutants. Furthermore, we uncovered lncRNAs possibly regulated by PARKIN and potentially involved in neuronal system signaling pathways or mTOR signaling. Further functional experiments will be required to assess whether they may participate to the alterations in differentiation and stress response resulting from PARKIN loss. Our work improved our understanding of the human DA neuron-specific response to mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of PD. We also report valuable information on the potential role of lncRNAs in stress- and disease-associated processes
Lavalou, Perrine. "Fonctions conservées des longs ARN non codants : Rôle de suppresseur de tumeur de menhir/CASC15 dans le mélanome cutané." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02538726.
Full textThe identification of diverse target genes involved in cancer progression is crucial to decipher the mechanisms underlying cancer and to develop effective targeted treatment therapies. LncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are molecularly similar to messenger RNAs but lack protein coding potential. Their deregulation and misexpression as well as the presence of mutations in lncRNA loci have been linked to diseases including cancers. Like protein-coding genes, vertebrate lncRNAs can be conserved at multiple levels (sequence, expression pattern, genomic position or synteny). In contrast to only 5% sequence conservation, more than 35% of zebrafish lncRNAs are conserved at the syntenic level to human, indicating an evolutionary pressure to preserve lncRNA position in the genome. To assess if positional conservation is a predictor of functional conservation, I implemented a reverse genetic screen assaying the role of lncRNAs in melanoma development using zebrafish, an optimal oncology model with multiple skin genetics, histological and physiological similarities with human.Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to generate syntenic lncRNA zebrafish loss of function mutants, I profiled the impact of lncRNA loss on melanoma induced by the human NRASG12 oncogene and in human melanoma cell xenografts. Among six candidate lncRNAs, we identified menhir (MElaNoma HIndrance RNA) as a melanoma tumor suppressor. menhir zebrafish mutants display impaired melanoma aggressiveness characterized by (1) accelerated tumorigenesis, (2) decreased mutant survival, (3) increased melanoma severity and (4) increased metastatic potential due to a higher permissiveness to melanoma cell invasion. To assess if the tumor suppressor function of zebrafish menhir is conserved throughout evolution, the human putative ortholog of menhir called CASC15 (Cancer Susceptibility 15) was expressed in melanocytes of the zebrafish melanoma menhir mutant. Despite lack of sequence conservation, CASC15 expression mitigated the mutant menhir melanoma phenotype as evidenced by reduced melanoma progression, decreased tumorigenesis and enhanced survival of zebrafish affected with melanoma.Thus, our results identify a novel melanoma tumor suppressor lncRNA and show that conserved genomic location of lncRNAs can be used to posit functional conservation in vertebrates
Le, Béguec Céline. "Analyse intégrative des ARN longs non-codants chez le chien et leurs implications dans le mélanome oral canin, modèle des mélanomes humains." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B030/document.
Full textLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of heterogeneous RNAs that play a major role in many cancers, particularly in melanomas. The dog is a natural and spontaneous model for the comparative genetic analysis of cancers and, the annotation of the canine genome has recently been enriched with the identification of over 10,000 lncRNAs. In order to perform functional bioinformatic predictions of lncRNAs, we have characterized the expression patterns of canine lncRNAs from 26 distinct tissues representative of the major functions of the organism. We defined the tissue specificity of lncRNAs expression and inferred their potential functionality by comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses with human data from the ENCODE project (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements). As in humans and mice, we show that a large proportion of canine lncRNAs (44%) are expressed specifically within a tissue. Using a comparative genomic approach, we have identified more than 900 orthologue lncRNAs between humans and dogs, and we show that for 26% of them, tissue expression patterns are also significantly conserved (p < 0.05). In the study of canine melanomas, we investigated the lncRNAs from RNA-seq data from 52 tumour/control samples of oral melanoma. We identified more than 750lncRNAs differentially expressed between tumour and control (FDR < 0.01), of which more than 100 were conserved with humans. These lncRNAs are good candidates to study the regulation of tumour progression of melanomas in dogs and can be evaluated for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in human and veterinary medicine
Muret, Kévin. "Annotation des ARN longs non-codants chez la poule et les espèces d’élevage : Focus sur les ARNlnc régulateurs du métabolisme des lipides." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARC139/document.
Full textGenome annotation is a major challenge in connecting genotypes with phenotypes. Identifying long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) in genomes is part of this challenge; they are relatively low-expressed and have only been highlighted in 2012 thanks to the development of high throughput sequencing technologies. This research work has led to the identification of a large number of lncRNAs in livestock species, particularly in the chicken, in which no lncRNA had yet been described at the beginning of this thesis (2015). First, my aim was to identify these lncRNAs using liver and adipose tissue and to improve this catalogue by integrating other existing lncRNA public databases.Moreover, according to the literature, lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of any biological process, from gene expression to cell structure. One of the goals of our team is to understand the regulation of lipid metabolism in the chicken, I thus established the list of all lncRNAs known within the animal kingdom and involved in this metabolism or in adipogenesis, the process of storage and formation of adipose tissue. The conservation by synteny analyses revealed around twenty conserved lncRNAs in the chicken. From divergent abdominal fat weight chicken lines, I lastly identified new lncRNAs that potentially regulate this lipid metabolism
Lecerf, Clément. "Instabilité génomique et mécanismes moléculaires régulés par le long ARN non codant H19 dans les cancers du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S112.
Full textH19 is a long non-coding RNA described to play key roles in the progression and metastasis of cancers from different tissue origins. We have previously shown that the H19 gene is activated by E2F1, repressed by p53 and RB tumor suppressors and implicated in breast cancer cell cycle progression. My PhD work demonstrates that H19 can interact with p53 in breast cancer cells. This interaction induces p53 degradation but also impairs p53 function by preventing its translocation into the nuclear compartment. We show that H19 interacts not only with p53 but also with MDM2 to form a ternary complex. Moreover, H19 reduces p53 transcriptional activities and impairs cell cycle blockage, apoptosis induction and senescence of cells after DNA damage. Furthermore, we highlight that H19 expression favors also genetic instability, allowing for the accumulation of gene mutations. Thereafter, we investigated the implication of H19 during the DNA damage response. We show that H19 expression represses the activation of histone variant H2AX. Interestingly, this is accompanied by enhanced repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Comet assays revealed that H19 expression reduces the DNA breaks proportion, suggesting that H19 accelerates DNA repair. Finally, we determine the implication but also the relative contribution of H19 and its miR-675 in the enhancement of breast cancer metastatic potential. We show that both H19 and miR-675 enhance cell migration and invasion as well as colony formation. H19 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but interestingly, miR-675 seems to simultaneously increase the expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, suggesting the induction of a hybrid phenotype or mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that miR-675, like its precursor H19, increases stemness properties of breast cancer cells. To conclude, our findings highlight new mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, thus suggesting an interesting role for H19 as a prognostic and therapeutic marker
Collette, Jordan. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la tumorigenèse mammaire par le long ARN non codant H19." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S109.
Full textThe H19 gene is subject to genomic imprinting and does not encode protein. The product of this gene, the long non coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, act as an RNA and is involved in development and the tumorigenesis. The H19 RNA is the precursor of miR-675. My thesis work identified new mechanism involved in the regulation of breast tumorigenesis by H19. We have demonstrated that the lncRNA H19 negatively regulates the p53 protein in breast cancer cell lines. My work revealed that H19 interacts with p53 and MDM2 to induce the degradation of p53 and impedes its nuclear localization. This new mechanism of H19 in breast cancer could explain the lack of clinical relevance of the p53 mutational state measured by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer. My work also revealed that not only the lncRNA H19 is involved in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells but also the miR-675-5p. Indeed, we have shown a correlation between overexpression of H19 and expression of a cancer stem cell phenotype in patient tumors. Furthermore, the modulation of H19 or miR-675 expression regulates the functional capacities associated with breast cancer stem cells. I also initiated a project that will allow the identification of H19 and miR-675 target genes in breast cancer cell lines. To conclude, I highlighted the implication of the lncRNA H19 and miR-675 in different process involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis
Collette, Jordan. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la tumorigenèse mammaire par le long ARN non codant H19." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS109.
Full textThe H19 gene is subject to genomic imprinting and does not encode protein. The product of this gene, the long non coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, act as an RNA and is involved in development and the tumorigenesis. The H19 RNA is the precursor of miR-675. My thesis work identified new mechanism involved in the regulation of breast tumorigenesis by H19. We have demonstrated that the lncRNA H19 negatively regulates the p53 protein in breast cancer cell lines. My work revealed that H19 interacts with p53 and MDM2 to induce the degradation of p53 and impedes its nuclear localization. This new mechanism of H19 in breast cancer could explain the lack of clinical relevance of the p53 mutational state measured by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer. My work also revealed that not only the lncRNA H19 is involved in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells but also the miR-675-5p. Indeed, we have shown a correlation between overexpression of H19 and expression of a cancer stem cell phenotype in patient tumors. Furthermore, the modulation of H19 or miR-675 expression regulates the functional capacities associated with breast cancer stem cells. I also initiated a project that will allow the identification of H19 and miR-675 target genes in breast cancer cell lines. To conclude, I highlighted the implication of the lncRNA H19 and miR-675 in different process involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis
Wambecke, Anaïs. "Implication du long ARN non-codant "UCA1" dans la chimiorésistance des cancers de l'ovaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC406/document.
Full textOvarian cancers present a 5-year survival rate of under 40% and are the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer worldwide. This poor prognosis is explained by a late diagnosis (due to asymptomatic development in the early stages) and resistance to existing treatments and highlights the need to develop new therapeutic approaches. The discovery in recent years of a significant number of lncRNAs has opened up new opportunities for oncology research. Few studies have so far explored their involvement in chemoresistance, let alone ovarian cancer. Among these lncRNAs, 'UCA1' performs multiple oncogenic functions through mechanisms not yet well described. Its expression is a factor of poor prognosis in various malignant tumours including ovarian cancers. We were able to demonstrate a role of ceRNA for miR-27a-5p, which when released following the inhibition of UCA1, negatively regulates UBE2N, a direct target. UBE2N is a known actor in DNA repair pathways and NF-kB pathway regulation, and its inhibition in our models leads to an increase in BIM expression and disrupts DNA repair mechanisms, sensitizing ovarian cancer cells to the action of platinum salts and PARPi. The inhibition of UBE2N also sensitizes to platinum salts, several three-dimensional organoid cultures derived from patients, thus may provide an innovative therapeutic strategy to combat chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
Tachtsidi, Alexandra. "Nuclear organization and regulation of gene expression in mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by long non-coding RNAs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS444.
Full textThe nucleus is a highly structured organelle and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in nuclear organization by establishing and maintaining nuclear compartmentalization, by the formation of subnuclear domains or the establishment of long range interactions in the nuclear space. A robust approach for the identification of “nuclear organizers” molecules is currently lacking though. We established an experimental approach that would allow us to identify such “structural” lncRNAs on a genome-scale level. Based on the biochemical property of some nuclear organizing lncRNAs to resist the so called nuclear matrix preparation, where DNA and soluble molecules are largely removed, we performed nuclear matrix preps on mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs), purified the RNA fraction and explored its constituents by RNA-seq. We identified a subset of transcripts (non-extracted RNAs, nextRNAs) potentially involved in the functional organization of the nucleus. Notably, we detected previously non-annotated transcripts with our original RNA-seq datasets and focused our work on two of them: NextC1 (Next Candidate 1) and 2. We characterized them on a functional and phenotypical level by monitoring their expression profile in different culturing conditions and embryo-derived cell types. Their subcellular localization was assessed by RNA-FISH. Loss- and gain-of-function assays were performed targeting their promoter regions with the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing and CRISPR-derived systems for transcription inhibition or activation. Many of these functional assays were subsequently RNA-sequenced and an integrative data analysis is currently ongoing
Ragazzini, Roberta. "Identification of a tissue-specific cofactor of polycomb repressive complex 2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066196/document.
Full textThe Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) plays an essential role in development by maintaining gene repression through the deposition of H3K27me3. A variety of cofactors have been shown to control its function in cells of various origins however little is known about PRC2 regulation during gametogenesis. During my PhD, I took advantage of murine models where Ezh2 and Ezh1 were knocked-in, I isolated nuclear extracts from whole adult testis and, identified a new polypeptide interacting with PRC2. This protein is specifically expressed in gonads, is of unknown function and does not contain any conserved domain. I have confirmed its interaction with PRC2, identified the domain of interaction with PRC2 and shown that it could tether PRC2 to chromatin. Thanks to a knockout mouse model, I demonstrated that the protein is required for female fertility, whereas its ablation brings to a global increase of H3K27me3 PRC2-associated mark in male germ cells with little consequences on male fertility. I also contributed to the characterization of the interplay between the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR and PRC2 complex. Many lncRNAs have been proposed to modulate chromatin-modifying complexes action on chromatin. With the help of novel RNA-tethering system, HOTAIR inducible expression causes transgene repression independently from PRC2. Forced overexpression of HOTAIR also has little impact on transcriptome in breast cancer cells. Generally, PRC2 binding to RNA is not required for chromatin targeting. Taken together these results shed light to the mechanism of a new-identified cofactor regulating PRC2 in the gonads and contribute to dissect PRC2-RNA relationship at molecular level
Chery, Alicia. "Rôle de la transcription pervasive antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066191.
Full textIn the cell, gene expression is finely tuned and is submitted to different quality-controls. Gene are regulated at different expression levels in order to guarantee a proper synthesis of functional products, and to ensure an optimal adaptation to environmental changes. In particular, transcriptional regulations are critical for gene expression level and kinetics.Pervasive transcription, defined as a generalized non-coding and unstable transcription, was discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although its regulatory potential was punctually shown, the question of its global functionality still remained. During my PhD, I could show the existence of numerous transcriptional interference mechanisms involved in the co-regulation of a group of genes between exponential phase and quiescence. Indeed, non-coding transcription in antisense to genes promoter leads to its repression in conditions where they have to be switched off. The repression mechanism is allowed by chromatin modifications.Hence, budding yeast that lacks RNA interference machinery has developed a fine regulation system using pervasive transcription
Bitetti, Angelo. "MiRNA degradation by a conserved target RNA regulates animal behavior." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066276.
Full textThe goal of my main thesis project was to determine the biological function of a deeply conserved zebrafish long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) which we called libra. libra shows sequence similarity with the 3'UTR of the NREP a protein coding transcript. Both libra and Nrep contain a deeply conserved and unusually complementary microRNA (miRNA) binding site for miR-29. Using both the mouse model and mouse cell lines, we deciphered the regulatory relationship between this conserved transcript and the miRNA pathway. We showed that Nrep restricts the spatial expression domain of miR-29 in the cerebellum and that it destabilizes miR-29 through 3' trimming. Until now, only viral transcripts and artificial reporters engineered to contain highly complementary miRNA binding sites have been shown to regulate miRNAs in this fashion. Thus, our work uncovers the first example of endogenous target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD). In addition, through a set of in vivo experiments in zebrafish and mouse, we showed that both libra and Nrep control normal animal behavior. By genetically disrupting the miR-29 binding site in Nrep in mouse, we showed that Nrep regulates miR-29 dosage through its miR-29 site and controls animal behavioral. In a second part of my thesis I describe a strategy to genetically downregulate lncRNAs in a minimally invasive manner. Approaches to knock-out lncRNAs that do not introduce vast sequence changes at the genomic level have not been adequately developed yet. I present our in vivo strategy applied to the zebrafish model using a genomic knock-in of a self-cleaving ribozyme sequence and a premature poly(A) signal to knock-out lncRNAs
Ragazzini, Roberta. "Identification of a tissue-specific cofactor of polycomb repressive complex 2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066196.pdf.
Full textThe Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) plays an essential role in development by maintaining gene repression through the deposition of H3K27me3. A variety of cofactors have been shown to control its function in cells of various origins however little is known about PRC2 regulation during gametogenesis. During my PhD, I took advantage of murine models where Ezh2 and Ezh1 were knocked-in, I isolated nuclear extracts from whole adult testis and, identified a new polypeptide interacting with PRC2. This protein is specifically expressed in gonads, is of unknown function and does not contain any conserved domain. I have confirmed its interaction with PRC2, identified the domain of interaction with PRC2 and shown that it could tether PRC2 to chromatin. Thanks to a knockout mouse model, I demonstrated that the protein is required for female fertility, whereas its ablation brings to a global increase of H3K27me3 PRC2-associated mark in male germ cells with little consequences on male fertility. I also contributed to the characterization of the interplay between the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR and PRC2 complex. Many lncRNAs have been proposed to modulate chromatin-modifying complexes action on chromatin. With the help of novel RNA-tethering system, HOTAIR inducible expression causes transgene repression independently from PRC2. Forced overexpression of HOTAIR also has little impact on transcriptome in breast cancer cells. Generally, PRC2 binding to RNA is not required for chromatin targeting. Taken together these results shed light to the mechanism of a new-identified cofactor regulating PRC2 in the gonads and contribute to dissect PRC2-RNA relationship at molecular level
Uroda, Tina. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de l’ARN long non codant MEG3." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV014.
Full textLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key players in vital cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, DNA repair and translation. However, the size and complexity of lncRNAs present unprecedented challenges for mechanistic molecular studies, so that connecting structural information with biological function for lncRNAs has proven difficult so far.Human maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is an abundant, imprinted, alternatively-spliced lncRNA. During embryogenesis MEG3 controls Polycomb proteins, regulating cell differentiation, and in adult cells MEG3 controls p53, regulating the cellular response to environmental stresses. In cancerous cells, MEG3 is downregulated, but ectopic overexpression of MEG3 reduces uncontrolled proliferation, proving that MEG3 acts as a tumour suppressor. Evidence suggests that MEG3 functions may be regulated by the MEG3 structure. For instance, MEG3 is thought to bind p53 and Polycomb proteins directly. Moreover, different MEG3 splice variants, which comprise different exons and thus possess potentially different structures, display different functions. Finally, deletion mutagenesis based on a MEG3 structure predicted in silico identified a putatively-structured MEG3 motif involved in p53 activation. However, at the beginning of my work, the experimental structure of MEG3 was unknown.To understand the MEG3 structure and function, I used chemical probing in vitro and in vivo to determine the secondary structure maps of two human MEG3 variants that differ in their p53 activation levels. Using functional assays in cells and mutagenesis, I systematically scanned the MEG3 structure and identified the p53-activating core in two domains (D2 and D3) that are structurally conserved across human variants and evolutionarily conserved across mammals. In D2-D3, the most important structural regions are helices H11 and H27, because in these regions I could tune p53 activation even by point mutations, a degree of precision never achieved for any other lncRNA to date. I surprisingly discovered that H11 and H27 are connected by “kissing loops”, and I confirmed the functional importance of these long-range tertiary structure interactions by compensatory mutagenesis. Going beyond state-of-the-art, I thus attempted to visualize the 3D structure of a 1595-nucleotide long MEG3 isoform by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electron microscopy (EM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). While SAXS and EM are limited by currently-insurmountable technical challenges, single particle imaging by AFM allowed me to obtain the first low resolution 3D structure of MEG3 and reveal its compact, globular tertiary scaffold. Most remarkably, functionally-disrupting mutations that break the H11-H27 “kissing loops” disrupt such MEG3 scaffold, providing the first direct connection between 3D structure and biological function for an lncRNA.Based on my discoveries, I can therefore propose a structure-based mechanism for p53 activation by human MEG3, with important implications in understanding carcinogenesis. More broadly, my work serves as proof-of-concept that lncRNA structure-function relationships can be dissected with high precision and opens the field to analogous studies aimed to gain mechanistic insights into many other medically-relevant lncRNAs
Bernard, Laure. "Regulation of heterochromatin by a pluripotency-associated long non coding RNA in mouse embryonic stem cells and in oocytes : implications for early embryogenesis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS179.
Full textHistone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, a mark of heterochromatin, is progressively implemented during development to contribute to cell fate restriction as differentiation proceeds. For instance, in mouse Embryonic Stem cells (mESCs) the global levels of H3K9 methylation are rather low and increase only upon differentiation. Conversely, H3K9 methylation represents an epigenetic barrier for reprogramming somatic cells back to pluripotency. How global H3K9 methylation levels are coupled with the acquisition and loss of pluripotency remains unknown. Here, we identify SUV39H1, a major H3K9 di- and tri-methylase, as an indirect target of pluripotency Transcription Factors (pTFs). We find that the pTFs OCT4 activates the expression of an antisense long non-coding RNA to Suv39h1, named Suv39h1as. In turn, Suv39h1as downregulates Suv39h1 expression via the modulation of the chromatin status of the locus and a possible alteration of Suv39h1 isoforms. The loss of Suv39h1as expression triggers increased SUV39H1 expression and H3K9me2/3 levels, leading to accelerated commitment into differentiation. We report, therefore, a simple genetic circuitry coupling the global levels of H3K9 methylation to pluripotency in mESCs. We also created a mouse line deleted for Suv39h1as expression and demonstrated that this regulation is also present during mouse oocyte maturation
Chery, Alicia. "Rôle de la transcription pervasive antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066191/document.
Full textIn the cell, gene expression is finely tuned and is submitted to different quality-controls. Gene are regulated at different expression levels in order to guarantee a proper synthesis of functional products, and to ensure an optimal adaptation to environmental changes. In particular, transcriptional regulations are critical for gene expression level and kinetics.Pervasive transcription, defined as a generalized non-coding and unstable transcription, was discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although its regulatory potential was punctually shown, the question of its global functionality still remained. During my PhD, I could show the existence of numerous transcriptional interference mechanisms involved in the co-regulation of a group of genes between exponential phase and quiescence. Indeed, non-coding transcription in antisense to genes promoter leads to its repression in conditions where they have to be switched off. The repression mechanism is allowed by chromatin modifications.Hence, budding yeast that lacks RNA interference machinery has developed a fine regulation system using pervasive transcription
Yang, Junjie. "The role of H19, a long non-coding RNA in the immune system." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC206/document.
Full textGenomic imprinting, a unique epigenetic regulation resulting in a parent-of-origin specificgene expression, is essential for normal mammalian development and growth. H19 is amaternally expressed long non-coding RNA that is a central regulator of the imprinting gene network controlling development and growth. H19 is expressed throughout embryonic development in multiple tissues including all hematopoietic cells. The role of H19 during embryonic development has only been documented for the placenta where it controls growthand the role of H19 in lymphopoiesis has not been investigated. The laboratory has previouslyfound H19 as the major differentially expressed transcript in two microarrays comparing fetalliver (FL) and bone marrow (BM) derived pro-B cells, as well as between early and latethymic settling progenitors. However, a role for imprinting gene H19 in B cell development,or even in immune system remains elusive. Here we sought to analyze mice where a large segment of the H19 locus has been deleted. In our work, we found that loss of H19 have specific impact on the FL B cell development byproducing increased numbers of BP1+ proB cell. Although BP1+ proB cells from H19-/- FLshowed impaired Ig heavy chain V-D-J rearrangement, that increase resulted in a net enlarged B cell compartment in the adult periphery of H19 mutant. In adult mice, although H19 is notexpressed in B lymphocytes after birth, B cells from H19-/- mice exhibited altered B cellsurface phenotype, represented by an upregulated B220 expression on all B cell subsets. After immunization with different T cell dependent antigens, H19-/- exhibits reduced GC B cells, and impaired specific IgM titer in the serum, indicating a defected B cell response in H19-/-mice. Competitive reconstitution analysis showed a B cell autonomous impairment in the Bcell response. Consistently we found a reduced BCR responsiveness of H19-/- naïve B cells that together with less efficient upregulation of MHCII and CD40 expression after immunization might be responsible for the impaired immune response in H19-/- mice. Genome-wide transcription analysis revealed differential expression of genes involved inregulating the intensity of B cell receptor signaling. This work brings new insights on the regulation role of long non-coding RNA H19 in the early B cell development and immune system
Prudhomme, Julie. "Étude de la reprogrammation du chromosome X dans les cellules souches embryonnaires et extra-embryonnaires au cours du développement préimplantatoire murin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066486.
Full textIn female Mammals, the transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes during early embryogenesis compensates the dosage disequilibrium of X-linked genes between sexes. Random X chromosome inactivation occurs in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and is maintained through adult life in the soma. In some Eutherian species including mice, extraembryonic tissues (trophectoderm and primitive endoderm) exhibit imprinted inactivation of the paternal X. The inactive state of the Xp can be extensively studied ex vivo in Trophoblast Stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm. We were able to select from the general cell population, TS cells exhibiting partial reactivation of the Xp or showing a complete switch of imprinted X-inactivation pattern. This reveals an accrued epigenetic plasticity of imprinted X-inactivation in the trophectoderm as compared to random X-inactivation in the soma.Random X-chromosome inactivation is recapitulated during the differentiation of female Embryonic Stem (ES) cells – which serves as cellular model. This process is triggered by the cis-accumulation of Xist long non coding RNA molecules which create a nuclear repressive domain around the future inactive X chromosome. Before differentiation, the accumulation of Xist is repressed by another lncRNA, Tsix, that is transcribed antisense to Xist. In order to address the functional dynamics of Xist and Tsix RNAs, we inserted different types of tag sequences in the endogenous Xist/Tsix locus. Incorporated in the sense or antisense RNA, these tags are specifically recognized by fluorescent molecules, thereby allowing live cell imaging of these transcripts
Rasschaert, Perrine. "Régulation transcriptionnelle et post-transcriptionnelle des gênes LAT et ICP4 du virus de la maladie de Marek." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4011/document.
Full textThe Marek disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus responsible of T-cell lymphoma in chicken. MDV infections are divided into a lytic phase, depending on the expression of immediate early gene like ICP4, and a latent phase characterized by the expression of the long non-coding RNA LAT localized in antisense. In this study, we have shown the differential expression of the cluster of miRNA mdv1-miR-M8-M10 was directly correlated with the alternative splicing of LAT’s intron 1 and more specifically with the first viral mirtron biogenesis by the spliceosome. The location of the mirtron mdv1-miR-M6 inside of the cluster is associated with a two-step biogenesis of the miARN of the cluster. On the other hand, we have identified a dual promoter that responded to Sp1, four poly-A signals and three exons that are responsible of transcriptional regulation of ICP4 transcript. We also have predicted five potential isoproteines for ICP4 and were able to observe by immunodetection that ICP4 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of infected cells during the lytic phase or the reactivation one
Prudhomme, Julie. "Étude de la reprogrammation du chromosome X dans les cellules souches embryonnaires et extra-embryonnaires au cours du développement préimplantatoire murin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066486.
Full textIn female Mammals, the transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes during early embryogenesis compensates the dosage disequilibrium of X-linked genes between sexes. Random X chromosome inactivation occurs in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and is maintained through adult life in the soma. In some Eutherian species including mice, extraembryonic tissues (trophectoderm and primitive endoderm) exhibit imprinted inactivation of the paternal X. The inactive state of the Xp can be extensively studied ex vivo in Trophoblast Stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm. We were able to select from the general cell population, TS cells exhibiting partial reactivation of the Xp or showing a complete switch of imprinted X-inactivation pattern. This reveals an accrued epigenetic plasticity of imprinted X-inactivation in the trophectoderm as compared to random X-inactivation in the soma.Random X-chromosome inactivation is recapitulated during the differentiation of female Embryonic Stem (ES) cells – which serves as cellular model. This process is triggered by the cis-accumulation of Xist long non coding RNA molecules which create a nuclear repressive domain around the future inactive X chromosome. Before differentiation, the accumulation of Xist is repressed by another lncRNA, Tsix, that is transcribed antisense to Xist. In order to address the functional dynamics of Xist and Tsix RNAs, we inserted different types of tag sequences in the endogenous Xist/Tsix locus. Incorporated in the sense or antisense RNA, these tags are specifically recognized by fluorescent molecules, thereby allowing live cell imaging of these transcripts
Romero, barrios Natali. "Non-codings RNAs, regulators of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana root developmental plasticity Noncoding Transcription by Alternative RNA Polymerases Dynamically Regulates an Auxin-Driven Chromatin Loop Battles and hijacks: noncoding transcription in plants Long noncoding RNA modulates alternative splicing regulators in Arabidopsis Detection of generic differential RNA processing events from RNA-seq data." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS128.
Full textIn the last years, high-throughput sequencing techniques have made possible to identify thousands of noncoding RNAs and a plethora of different mRNA processing events occurring in higher organisms. This led to a better understanding of different regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in the regulation of varied developmental processes. They can act directly in a long form by lncRNA-protein interactions or be processed into shorter small si/miRNAs, leading to mRNA cleavage, translational repression or epigenetic DNA/chromatin modification of their targets. In this study, we aim to understand the mechanism of action of lncRNAs in plant development. Initially, I contributed to the analysis of the action of the APOLO lncRNA in chromatin topology regulation. Then, I focused my work on the lncRNA ASCO (Alternative Splicing COmpetitor) that interacts with NSRs (Nuclear Speckles RNA-binding Proteins) to modulate the splicing pattern of NSR-regulated mRNA targets. Auxin treatment induces NSRb and represses ASCO expression in roots. The nsra/b double mutant and ASCO overexpressing lines treated with auxin are partially impaired in lateral root formation. Using a new bioinformatic tool called “RNAprof”, we detected 1885 differential RNA processing events genome-wide in auxin-treated nsra/b mutants compared to WT. Among them, we identified ARF19, a key regulator of auxin signaling in lateral root initiation and development. I demonstrated that ARF19 is directly bound by both NSRs and that in the nsra/b double mutant ARF19 is alternatively polyadenylated leading to a short transcript isoform. Furthermore, among the transcriptionally deregulated genes in the nsra/b mutant plants, I identified an important group related to ethylene response. I further showed that several of these genes are also deregulated in the arf19-1 and arf19-2 mutants plants in response to auxin, supporting a role of ARF19 in the auxin-ethylene crosstalk. NSRb is also induced by ethylene and the inhibition of ethylene synthesis by AVG rescues the nsra/b double mutant lateral root phenotype in response to auxin. Moreover, AVG and ASCO overexpression lead to increased accumulation of the ARF19 short isoform. Altogether, this study shed new light on the role of the lncRNA ASCO in the regulation of RNA processing by hijacking NSRs and the capacity of non-coding RNAs to modulate splicing
Bitetti, Angelo. "MiRNA degradation by a conserved target RNA regulates animal behavior." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066276.
Full textThe goal of my main thesis project was to determine the biological function of a deeply conserved zebrafish long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) which we called libra. libra shows sequence similarity with the 3'UTR of the NREP a protein coding transcript. Both libra and Nrep contain a deeply conserved and unusually complementary microRNA (miRNA) binding site for miR-29. Using both the mouse model and mouse cell lines, we deciphered the regulatory relationship between this conserved transcript and the miRNA pathway. We showed that Nrep restricts the spatial expression domain of miR-29 in the cerebellum and that it destabilizes miR-29 through 3' trimming. Until now, only viral transcripts and artificial reporters engineered to contain highly complementary miRNA binding sites have been shown to regulate miRNAs in this fashion. Thus, our work uncovers the first example of endogenous target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD). In addition, through a set of in vivo experiments in zebrafish and mouse, we showed that both libra and Nrep control normal animal behavior. By genetically disrupting the miR-29 binding site in Nrep in mouse, we showed that Nrep regulates miR-29 dosage through its miR-29 site and controls animal behavioral. In a second part of my thesis I describe a strategy to genetically downregulate lncRNAs in a minimally invasive manner. Approaches to knock-out lncRNAs that do not introduce vast sequence changes at the genomic level have not been adequately developed yet. I present our in vivo strategy applied to the zebrafish model using a genomic knock-in of a self-cleaving ribozyme sequence and a premature poly(A) signal to knock-out lncRNAs