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Journal articles on the topic 'Loneline'
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1
Pratiwi, Diani, Tina Hayati Dahlan, and Lira Fessia Damaianti. "PENGARUH SELF-COMPASSION TERHADAP KESEPIAN PADA MAHASISWA RANTAU." JURNAL PSIKOLOGI INSIGHT 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/insight.v3i2.22349.
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This study aimed to determine the effect of self-compassion on loneliness, of overseas student in University of Education Indonesia. The study used quantitative method with 260 participants. The research used instruments Indonesian Self-compassion Scale – Short Version (Oktyana, 2013) and UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 to measure loneliness adapted by Irsalina (2013) from Rusell (1996). This used simple regression to analyze the effect of Self Compassion to Lonelines. The result showed there were significant effect of self-compassion to loneliness with R square 0,096. The freshmen tend to lonelines, so the university must overcome their loneliness.
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Qualter, Pamela, Alexandra Hennessey, Keming Yang, Kayleigh L. Chester, Ellen Klemera, and Fiona Brooks. "Prevalence and Social Inequality in Youth Loneliness in the UK." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 3, 2021): 10420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910420.
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Using data from the English arm of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, we examined the prevalence of loneliness for school-aged adolescents and how it is linked to social inequalities. The HBSC study collects data from 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds, and is repeated every four years, allowing the exploration of prevalence rates of loneliness pre COVID-19 pandemic for comparison. We also explored whether loneliness was associated with socio-economic status (SES) and linked to academic attainment and health complaints. The total sample was 14,077 from 156 schools in England. Findings revealed a stable prevalence rate of 8.2% for loneliness from 2006 to 2014. We also found, across all survey years, (1) those aged 15 years were significantly lonelier than younger peers, (2) those who reported lower SES were lonelier than their more well-off peers, and (3) higher loneliness was associated with being ‘”below average” academically and reporting more health complaints. Conclusions: These prevalence data enable researchers, policymakers, and others to make comparisons with prevalence rates during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore whether there have been increases in loneliness among school-aged adolescents. Loneliness was consistently related to social inequalities, suggesting that targeted interventions that include whole systems changes are needed.
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Lippke, Sonia. "Predictors for Loneliness Perceived by the Interviewer or the Individual: Findings from Limited Disability Pensioners and Medical Rehabilitation Patients." Acta de Investigación Psicológica 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2020.1.338.
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Loneliness can be seen as indicator of social participation which is a major concern of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Temporary disability pensioners and medical rehabilitants are persons with disabilities, whose rights should be empowered. Moreover, loneliness is a major burden for the individual and finding ways to overcome loneliness are accordingly required. Previous research has shown that different socio-demographic characteristics, life-satisfaction and social support interrelate with loneliness. The aim of the present study was to replicate findings with two computer-assisted telephone interview studies with individuals insured with a local pension fund. While study 1 recruited N = 453 disability pensioners (mean age=50.4 years, 53.5 % female) and assessed their loneliness with the typical self-report measured by directly asking, study 2 recruited N = 1,044 patients in a medical rehabilitation (mean age=49.5 years, 36 % female) and used the reports of their interviewers without asking the study participants directly about their loneliness. In both studies, more life-satisfaction was significantly associated with less loneliness (beta=-.41 and -.23). However, only in the interviewer-rated study, higher social support was related to less loneliness (beta=-.16). Sex differences were found in the interviewer-rated study (women were rated as lonelier, beta=.11), while an interrelation with age was only found if self-reports were used in terms of younger disability pensioners reported more loneliness (beta=-.24). The findings open options for counseling to also improve self-reported life-satisfaction. While interviewers rate female interviewees as lonelier than men, interventions should not forget about men as they report equal loneliness if controlled for other variables. The results replicate that health and life-satisfaction are imperative and addressable to decrease loneliness. This should be researched further and used for interventions.
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Hsieh, Ning, and Louise Hawkley. "Loneliness in the older adult marriage." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, no. 10 (June 8, 2017): 1319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517712480.
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Marriage protects against loneliness, but not all marriages are equally protective. While marriage is a highly interdependent relationship, loneliness in marital dyads has received very little research attention. Unlike most studies proposing that positive and negative marital qualities independently affect loneliness at the individual level, we used a contextual approach to characterize each partner’s ratings of the marriage as supportive (high support, low strain), ambivalent (high support, high strain), indifferent (low support, low strain), or aversive (low support, high strain) and examined how these qualities associate with own and partner’s loneliness. Using couple data from the Wave II National Social Life, Health and Aging Project ( N = 953 couples), we found that more than half of the older adults live in an ambivalent, indifferent, or aversive marriage. Actor–partner interdependence models showed that positive and negative marital qualities synergistically predict couple loneliness. Spouses in aversive marriages are lonelier than their supportively married counterparts (actor effect), and that marital aversion increases the loneliness of their partners (partner effect). In addition, wives (but not husbands) in indifferent marriages are lonelier than their supportively married counterparts. These effects of poor marital quality on loneliness were not ameliorated by good relationships with friends and relatives. Results highlight the prominent role of the marriage relationship for imbuing a sense of connectedness among older adults and underscore the need for additional research to identify strategies to help older adults optimize their marital relationship.
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Tonković, Željka, Dražen Cepić, and Ivan Puzek. "Loneliness and Social Networks in Europe." Revija za sociologiju 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5613/rzs.51.3.3.
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The paper analyses social causes of loneliness in Europe using cross-national data from the 2017 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) module “Social Networks and Social Resources” from 13 countries categorised as Northern Europe, Continental Europe, and Central and Eastern Europe. The paper aims to examine loneliness with regard to three specific groups of predictors, related to network, sociocultural and sociostructural aspects. The results suggest that sociability patterns and personal networks are the most important predictors of loneliness. While the frequency of contacts with family members and close friends and the overall number of contacts showed significance, loneliness was primarily related to the quality of personal relationships. Considering sociocultural factors, the obtained findings showed that social trust is consistently associated with lower levels of loneliness. Furthermore, people from Continental Europe were, in general, less lonely than North and East Europeans. Age was an important factor here as respondents from younger age groups were lonelier in Nordic countries than in the other two blocs of countries, while older respondents were lonelier in Central and East European countries. Finally, sociostructural indicators in general showed less predictive value compared to sociability patterns and sociocultural variables. However, when it came to socioeconomic exclusion, this aspect showed a stronger connection with loneliness for the individuals from the Nordic group of countries. The findings of this paper contribute to the vibrant field of contemporary scholarship on loneliness with a fresh perspective based on comparing three large blocs of European countries and an integrated approach to various predictors of loneliness.
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Gum, Amber M., Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra, and Liat Ayalon. "Longitudinal associations of hopelessness and loneliness in older adults: results from the US health and retirement study." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 9 (May 25, 2017): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000904.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Hopelessness and loneliness are potent risk factors for poor mental and physical health in later life, although the nature of their relationships with each other over time is not clear. The aim of the current study was to examine relationships between hopelessness and loneliness over an eight-year study period.Methods:Three waves of data from the US Health and Retirement Study (2006, 2010, 2014) were used to test a cross-lagged model of hopelessness and loneliness (N= 7,831), which allows for the simultaneous evaluation of the reciprocal associations of loneliness and hopelessness. Age in 2006, gender, years of education, number of medical conditions, and depressive symptoms were included as covariates.Results:The autoregressive effects of loneliness (B(SE) = 0.63 (0.02),p< 0.001) and hopelessness (B(SE) = 0.63 (0.02),p< 0.001) were substantive and significant across the three waves, pointing to the stability of both constructs over the eight-year study period. The lagged effect of loneliness on hopelessness was non-significant (B(SE) = 0.05 (0.03),p= 0.16), whereas the lagged effect of hopelessness on loneliness was significant (B(SE) = 0.01 (0.01),p= 0.03). These lagged effects were not significantly different from each other, however, χ2(1) = 2.016,p= 0.156.Conclusions:Participants who were more hopeless tended to become lonelier four years later, but lonelier participants did not become more hopeless four years later. Findings are tentative given the small magnitude and lack of difference between the cross-lagged effects. Future directions include replicating these findings in different samples and time frames, examining potential mechanisms of relationships between hopelessness and loneliness, and potential intervention strategies that might improve both conditions.
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Vedder, Anneke, Jeffrey Stokes, Kathrin Boerner, Henk Schut, Paul Boelen, Bibi Schut, and Margaret Stroebe. "THE LONG-TERM LONELINESS OF WIDOWHOOD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MARITAL STATUS DIFFERENCES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1370.
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Abstract Loneliness can be prominent in bereavement, possibly leading to compromised mental and physical health. We systematically reviewed the extent of loneliness across marital status groups, examining the prevalence, intensity, risk factors, and correlates of loneliness in widowhood, compared to other marital statuses. Studies that met predefined criteria as well as investigated marital status (comparisons) were included in the review. For reporting, we followed the PRISMA statement. Thirty-eight studies were included. Widowhood was associated with a greater likelihood and intensity of loneliness when compared to other marital statuses, and especially the divorced. Widowers were on average lonelier than widows. Findings suggest that , widowed persons are uniquely vulnerable to loneliness, and that, in the long-term, loneliness may be more pronounced among the widowed than the divorced. However, methodological shortcomings (e.g., heterogenous samples, different measures of loneliness) of available studies must be considered, and future research should aim to overcome these limitations.
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Dahlberg, Lena, Neda Agahi, and Carin Lennartsson. "Lonelier than ever? Loneliness of older people over two decades." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 75 (March 2018): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.11.004.
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Moore, Jenna M., William P. Archuleta, Jessica H. Helphrey, Leah N. Smith, Jennifer Sawyer, David W. Rose III, Christopher Reed, and Michael D. Barnett. "LONELINESS AND HYPOCHONDRIASIS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY AND ANXIETY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S531—S532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1954.
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Abstract Loneliness is prevalent among older adults and is associated with adverse outcomes for health and mortality. Additionally, researchers have suggested that loneliness may cause a person to direct attention inward and become preoccupied with bodily symptoms which may subsequently lead to health anxiety. However, little extant research has examined the association among older adults. In this study, we proposed a loneliness model of hypochondriasis in which loneliness contributes to hypochondriasis through intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety. Healthy, community-dwelling older adults (N = 280; 64.4% female; age range: 65-95; M = 76.08, SD = 7.59) completed an interview survey. Loneliness was associated with higher hypochondriasis and had an indirect effect on hypochondriasis through intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety. Lonelier older adults may have an activated threat system which prompts greater intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety and thereby results in greater hypochondriasis.
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le Roux, Anda. "The Relationship between Loneliness and the Christian Faith." South African Journal of Psychology 28, no. 3 (September 1998): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639802800308.
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The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness and the Christian faith. Questionnaires were completed by a sample of 100 third-year psychology students at the University of the Orange Free State. The results reflect a highly significant negative relationship between loneliness and the Christian faith. This may imply that the lonelier the student is, the weaker his faith is in Jesus as the Redeemer, and vice versa. These findings support the views held by many authors who maintain that the deepest cause of loneliness may be sought in the individual's religious uprootment and severance of their vertical relationship with God.
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Kayser, Jay, and Jacqui Smith. "Loneliness Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Associations with Chronic Illnesses and Relationship Quality." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2747.
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Abstract While self-reported loneliness generally declines after age 65, the likelihood of experiencing chronic illnesses increases. During the Covid-19 pandemic, social isolation measures have changed the social context of many people. We address three research questions: 1) What is the predictive strength of chronic illnesses, relationship quality, and their interaction on loneliness? 2) Has Covid-19 altered experienced loneliness relative to pre-pandemic? 3) Was loneliness during Covid-19 associated with the number of prior chronic illnesses in 2016? To answer these questions, we have analyzed data from participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) included in the early 2020 release who also completed the 2016 wave (N = 1106). On average, in 2016, these participants were age 74.64 (SD = 6.66) and reported 2.57 (SD = 1.39) chronic illnesses. In 2016, unadjusted multiple regression models revealed that chronic illnesses (β = .38) and relationship quality (β = -.41) were associated with loneliness (R2 = .28). When covariates were added, these values were attenuated but remained statistically significant. In 2020 during the pandemic, 8% of these participants reported they often felt lonely and 26% reported feeling lonelier since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. People who had more chronic illnesses in 2016 reported feeling lonelier in 2020 as did people whose relationships were poorer quality (p < .05). Further analyses with final data from HRS are needed to confirm these trends. These findings highlight the importance of having longitudinal information to identify individuals at high risk and most likely to benefit from interventions.
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Nazzal, Filasteen I., Orlanda Cruz, and Félix Neto. "Psychological predictors of loneliness among Palestinian university students in the West Bank." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 5 (July 31, 2019): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519857298.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive role of life satisfaction, perceived social support, and psychological problems on loneliness among Palestinian university students in the West Bank. Participants were 254 volunteer undergraduate students (50.4% males and 49.6% females), ranging from 18 to 26 years of age. Data was collected using the Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Psychological Problems Scale and a Demographic Information Form. There was a significant gender bias towards loneliness, male students being lonelier than female students. Results showed that students who had higher loneliness, felt less satisfied with their life and perceived less support from friends, family and significant others. Furthermore, students who had high loneliness also presented more psychological problems. These results also indicated that, after accounting for psychological problems, life satisfaction, and social support from friends and significant others are negative predictors of loneliness. These findings suggest that universities should create strategies to improve well-being and social support to protect students from the negative effects of loneliness.
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Roberts, Clare M., and Diane Quayle. "Loneliness in children: Behavioural, interpersonal and cognitive correlates." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 18, no. 1 (2001): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028261.
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AbstractThis study investigated the associations that three behavioural patterns, peer acceptance and rejection, friendships, and self-depreciating attributions have with children’s reports of loneliness at school. Data were collected from 214 children who were 11- to 12-years-old. Classmates provided peer perceptions of prosocial, aggressive, and withdrawn behaviour and rated sociometric status. Children themselves provided data on mutual friendships, feelings of loneliness, and attributions for social success ond failure. Regression analyses indicated that withdrawn behaviour and lack of friends were significant predictors of loneliness. Rejected children were significantly more withdrawn, less cooperative, and lonelier than were other groups of children. Internal, stable attributions for social failure were associated with more loneliness at school. However, no significant associations were found between reports of loneliness and attribution patterns for social success. Intervention for socially rejected children may be specifically warranted when the child shows withdrawn behaviour.
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Wright, Matthew R., Anna M. Hammersmith, Susan L. Brown, and I.-Fen Lin. "The Roles of Marital Dissolution and Subsequent Repartnering on Loneliness in Later Life." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 8 (September 26, 2019): 1796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz121.
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Abstract Objectives Loneliness in later life is associated with poorer health and higher risk of mortality. Our study assesses whether gray divorced adults report higher levels of loneliness than the widowed and whether social support or repartnership offset loneliness. Method Using data from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated ordinary least squares regression models for women (n = 2,362) and men (n = 1,127) to examine differences in loneliness by dissolution pathway (i.e., divorce versus widowhood), accounting for social support and repartnership. Results Divorced men were lonelier than their widowed counterparts. Although social support reduced loneliness among men, the difference between the divorced and widowed persisted. Repartnership assuaged men’s loneliness and reduced the variation between divorced and widowed men. Among women, the results did not reveal differences in loneliness for the divorced and widowed although social support and repartnership linked to less loneliness. Discussion Later-life marital dissolutions increasingly occur through divorce rather than spousal death. Some older adults go on to form new partnerships. Our findings demonstrate the importance of gerontological research widening the lens beyond widowhood to consider the ramifications of later-life divorce and repartnership for well-being.
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Matthews, Timothy, Candice L. Odgers, Andrea Danese, Helen L. Fisher, Joanne B. Newbury, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, and Louise Arseneault. "Loneliness and Neighborhood Characteristics: A Multi-Informant, Nationally Representative Study of Young Adults." Psychological Science 30, no. 5 (April 7, 2019): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619836102.
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In this study, we investigated associations between the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which young adults live and their feelings of loneliness, using data from different sources. Participants were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Loneliness was measured via self-reports at ages 12 and 18 years and also by interviewer ratings at age 18. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed between the ages of 12 and 18 via government data, systematic social observations, a resident survey, and participants’ self-reports. Greater loneliness was associated with perceptions of lower collective efficacy and greater neighborhood disorder but not with more objective measures of neighborhood characteristics. Lonelier individuals perceived the collective efficacy of their neighborhoods to be lower than did their less lonely siblings who lived at the same address. These findings suggest that feelings of loneliness are associated with negatively biased perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, which may have implications for lonely individuals’ likelihood of escaping loneliness.
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Victor, Christina, Mary P. Sullivan, Rachel Woodbridge, and Michael Thomas. "Dancing with Loneliness in Later Life: A Pilot Study Mapping Seasonal Variations." Open Psychology Journal 8, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101508010097.
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Temporal variations in loneliness at the individual and population level have long been reported in longitudinal studies. Although the evidence is limited due to methodological distinctions among studies, we broadly know that loneliness as one ages is a dynamic experience with people becoming more or less lonely or staying the same over time. There is, however, less evidence to understand individual variations in loneliness over shorter periods of time. This paper reports on one element of a small mixed method pilot study to investigate seasonal variations in loneliness over the course of one year and to test the effectiveness of tools used to collect data at repeated short intervals. Our findings confirm that loneliness is dynamic even over shorter periods of time with participants reporting to be lonelier in the evenings, weekends and spring-summer period. Data measures were at times problematic due to language and/or interpretation and reinforce the relevance of reviewing the more common approaches to studying loneliness to more effectively capture the complex and individual nature of the experience.
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Wilkinson, Lindsay, Julie Masters, Christopher Kelly, Miechelle McKelvey, Ladan Ghazi Saidi, and Toni Hill. "Loneliness among Rural and Underserved Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3480.
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Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are among the most vulnerable populations to the medical complications of COVID-19; however, they are also deeply affected by the unintended consequences of social distancing and sheltering in place. Social distancing effectively mitigates the spread of COVID-19, but this practice can also lead to social isolation and loneliness. Drawing on a sample of adults age 60 or older receiving Meals on Wheels/Grab and Go Meals in the state of Nebraska, this study investigates loneliness among rural and underserved older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were distributed to 3725 meal recipients across Nebraska’s eight Area Agencies on Aging in July 2020 (response rate = 50%), and a stratified random subsample was selected for preliminary analysis (N = 240). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of COVID-19 and its associated safety precautions on loneliness. The findings reveal that 1 in 10 older adults have not left their home in over a month, and 38 percent feel lonelier due to the impact of COVID-19. Older adults who engaged in more community activities before the pandemic, reported leaving their home less, and experienced a longer absence of social interaction since the pandemic all had significantly increased odds of feeling lonelier in the COVID-19 era. Longer duration of sheltering in place was marginally associated with increased loneliness. The findings from this study show the consequences of social distancing on rural and underserved older adults, which calls for coordinated intervention.
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Veerman, Linda, Eline Heppe, Deborah Gold, and Sabina Kef. "Intra- and Interpersonal Factors in Adolescence Predicting Loneliness among Young Adults with Visual Impairments." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 113, no. 1 (January 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x18818615.
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Introduction: Youths with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision) experience difficulties with forming and maintaining social relationships with peers. These difficulties challenge their psychosocial functioning and put them at risk of being lonelier later in life. The study’s primary goal was to investigate how intra- and interpersonal factors during adolescence influence Loneliness in young adulthood. Methods: Analyses were conducted on data from a national data set. Participants ( N = 96) were interviewed at two different time points. General linear regression and mediation analyses were used to examine the role of social competence, personality, and satisfaction with social support, measured at mean age 17.83, and on Loneliness measured at mean age 23.45. Results: Analyses showed that adolescents with visual impairments who were more emotionally stable and had higher social competence during adolescence were less lonely later in life. In addition, the results showed that emotionally unstable adolescents reported lower social competence and, therefore, were lonelier in young adulthood. Discussion: These findings indicate that factors connected to Loneliness in young adulthood include people’s personality traits and their level of social competence at a younger age. Implications for practitioners: Knowing the underlying causes of an individual’s Loneliness assists practitioners in selecting what type of intervention would be suitable for addressing these issues. Those with low social skills benefit more from social skills training and those with negative biases of their own functioning profit more from interventions based on cognitive approaches. Screening methods could be used in order to determine these underlying issues and personality structure, before assigning persons to specific interventions.
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Yu, Junhong, Charlene L. M. Lam, and Tatia M. C. Lee. "Perceived loneliness among older adults with mild cognitive impairment." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 10 (April 13, 2016): 1681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000430.
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ABSTRACTBackground:The high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Hong Kong, as previously reported, requires verification. Furthermore, the relationship between loneliness, depression, and cognitive impairment with regards to MCI are unclear. The present study aims to establish the prevalence of MCI in a community sample in Hong Kong and determine if participants with MCI feel significantly lonelier, even after depression has been taken into consideration.Methods:Participants from a community sample (N = 376) were assessed with subjective and objective measures of cognitive impairments to determine whether the criteria had been met for MCI. The MCI cases are then compared with age, sex, and education-matched controls on subjective measures of loneliness and depression.Results:A total of 66 (17.6%) participants were diagnosed with MCI. These participants reported significantly higher levels of perceived loneliness and depression compared to the matched controls. Differences between groups in loneliness remained significant, even after depression levels have been controlled.Conclusions:Loneliness is implicated in MCI. The relationship between loneliness and MCI is, at least, partially independent of depression. The implications of these finding are discussed.
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Chen, Yushuai, Zhonglin Wen, Jian Peng, and Xiqin Liu. "Leader-follower congruence in loneliness, LMX and turnover intention." Journal of Managerial Psychology 31, no. 4 (May 9, 2016): 864–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2015-0205.
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Purpose – Research on workplace loneliness has thus far been dominated by perceptions of followers; hence, few researchers have considered the perspective of leader-follower congruence. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the leader-follower relationship mediates the relationship between leader-follower congruence/incongruence in workplace loneliness and turnover intentions. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 232 leader-follower dyads from ten companies in China. Polynomial regression combined with the response surface methodology was used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Four conclusions were drawn. First, leader-member exchange (LMX) was higher when leaders and followers were aligned in terms of workplace loneliness than otherwise. Second, in the case of leader-follower congruence, LMX rose as their workplace loneliness fell. Third, in the case of incongruence, followers had lower LMX when they were lonelier than their leaders. Finally, LMX partially mediated the leader-follower congruence/incongruence effect of workplace loneliness on followers’ turnover intention. Originality/value – This study emphasized the importance of leaders’ congruence with followers in workplace loneliness. Additionally, it extended research on leader-follower congruence from a positive perspective to a negative one.
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Moskowitz, Marc L. "Message in a Bottle: Lyrical Laments and Emotional Expression in Mandopop." China Quarterly 194 (June 2008): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741008000428.
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AbstractThis article explores the ubiquitous themes of loneliness, isolation and anomie in Mandopop (Mandarin Chinese language pop music). This is not to imply that people in the PRC and Taiwan are lonelier than people from other countries but, rather, that being human they experience these emotions. What is distinctive here is that Mandopop becomes a primary conduit to express feelings that are sanctioned in daily speech. The article addresses these concerns and uses in-depth interviews in Shanghai and Taipei to find out why Mandopop's themes of loneliness and isolation are so resonant to its fans.
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Khan, Mostafa Saidur Rahim, Pattaphol Yuktadatta, and Yoshihiko Kadoya. "Who Became Lonely during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Investigation of the Socioeconomic Aspects of Loneliness in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106242.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social and economic aspects of people’s lives in different ways, causing them to experience different levels of loneliness. This study examines the extent of loneliness among men and women of various ages in Japan during the pandemic and attempts to determine the underlying causes. We used data from Hiroshima University’s nationwide survey conducted before and during the pandemic in Japan. The sample consists of 3755 participants, of which 67% are men and 33% are women with an average age of 51 years (SD = 13.64). Using mean comparison tests and probit regression models, we show that loneliness is a common occurrence among the Japanese population and that a significant number of people became lonely for the first time during the pandemic. In general, loneliness was greater among younger respondents, but older people became lonelier during the pandemic. Simultaneously, we observed significant differences in loneliness across age and gender subsamples. Although depression and subjective health status contributed to loneliness, we found no single explanation for the loneliness experienced by people during the pandemic; rather, subsample analysis revealed that the causes of loneliness for each group differed. Nevertheless, we discovered that older people are at a higher risk of developing loneliness during the pandemic due to a variety of socioeconomic and behavioral factors. The findings of this study suggest that health authorities should not generalize cases of loneliness, but rather intervene individually in each group to avoid further complications.
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Makri, Eleni, Ioannis Michopoulos, and Fragiskos Gonidakis. "Investigation of Loneliness and Social Support in Patients with Eating Disorders: A Case-Control Study." Psychiatry International 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2022): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint3020012.
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Loneliness and, to a lesser degree, social support are considered under-researched topics in the literature on eating disorders (ED). This study attempted to expand the relevant body of research by examining loneliness in combination with social support in ED patients and in healthy controls (HC). Binge-eating problems, emotional eating, resilience, anxiety, and depression symptoms were also assessed. Thirty-two patients with ED and twenty-nine HC completed the following measures: UCLA Loneliness Scale, Social Support Questionnaire—Short Form, Binge Eating Scale, Emotional Eating Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Eating-disorder patients showed higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social support—both in terms of perceived availability and satisfaction—than HC. Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) subgroups did not differ significantly on either of these variables. In ED patients, loneliness was only correlated with Social Support Satisfaction (negatively) and depressive symptomatology (positively). Patients with ED appear to be lonelier and less satisfied with their social support compared to HC. We found similar levels of loneliness and social support between AN, BN, and BED sufferers. Decreased social support satisfaction and elevated symptoms of depression could account for ED patients’ high levels of loneliness.
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Makri, Eleni, Ioannis Michopoulos, and Fragiskos Gonidakis. "Investigation of Loneliness and Social Support in Patients with Eating Disorders: A Case-Control Study." Psychiatry International 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2022): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint3020012.
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Loneliness and, to a lesser degree, social support are considered under-researched topics in the literature on eating disorders (ED). This study attempted to expand the relevant body of research by examining loneliness in combination with social support in ED patients and in healthy controls (HC). Binge-eating problems, emotional eating, resilience, anxiety, and depression symptoms were also assessed. Thirty-two patients with ED and twenty-nine HC completed the following measures: UCLA Loneliness Scale, Social Support Questionnaire—Short Form, Binge Eating Scale, Emotional Eating Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Eating-disorder patients showed higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social support—both in terms of perceived availability and satisfaction—than HC. Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) subgroups did not differ significantly on either of these variables. In ED patients, loneliness was only correlated with Social Support Satisfaction (negatively) and depressive symptomatology (positively). Patients with ED appear to be lonelier and less satisfied with their social support compared to HC. We found similar levels of loneliness and social support between AN, BN, and BED sufferers. Decreased social support satisfaction and elevated symptoms of depression could account for ED patients’ high levels of loneliness.
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van Tonder, Johanna Isabella, Jacques Jordaan, and Karel Esterhuyse. "Self-esteem, Interpersonal Communication Competence, and Media and Technology Usage as Predictors of Loneliness Among University Students." SAGE Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): 215824402211483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221148379.
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Loneliness is a common concern among university students, as these individuals experience many of the risk factors associated with loneliness. This experience of loneliness tends to lead to numerous consequences such as negative self-evaluations, anxiety, and depression, which in turn lead to impaired concentration and a decline in academic motivation and performance. The overarching aims of this study were to identify the predictor variable(s) or combination of predictor variables, namely self-esteem, interpersonal communication competence, and media and technology usage, that explain a significant percentage of the variance in loneliness amongst undergraduate university students, as well as to investigate whether differences exist in loneliness with regards to gender, ethnicity, and generational status. The sample consisted of 1,191 South African undergraduate university students between the ages of 18 and 30. This study was non-experimental in nature and a correlational research design was used. The results indicated that the combination of the independent (predictor) variables accounted for 51.9% of the variance in the Loneliness scores of the sample. Interpersonal Communication Competence and Self-esteem served as statistically and practically significant individual predictor variables of the students’ loneliness. Male students and first-generation students tend to be lonelier than female students and non-first-generation students, respectively.
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Naeim, Mahdi, Ali Rezaeisharif, and Aziz Kamran. "COVID-19 Has Made the Elderly Lonelier." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 11, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514181.
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Loneliness is a major risk factor for the elderly and can double their problems. When COVID-19 started, things became more difficult for the elderly. The news that the elderly are at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 than others made the elderly lonelier. This is a library type study that was conducted over 2 months using valid scientific sources and books. Based on the findings of this study, we believe that focusing on education and reminding people of the necessary dos and don’ts of illness, modifying their diet, emphasizing masking, and even familiarizing the elderly with social media and virtual activities will prevent them from suffering loneliness.
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Grennan, Gillian, Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani, Fahad Alim, Mariam Zafar-Khan, Ellen E. Lee, Dilip V. Jeste, and Jyoti Mishra. "Cognitive and Neural Correlates of Loneliness and Wisdom during Emotional Bias." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 7 (March 5, 2021): 3311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab012.
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Abstract Loneliness and wisdom have opposing impacts on health and well-being, yet their neuro-cognitive bases have never been simultaneously investigated. In this study of 147 healthy human subjects sampled across the adult lifespan, we simultaneously studied the cognitive and neural correlates of loneliness and wisdom in the context of an emotion bias task. Aligned with the social threat framework of loneliness, we found that loneliness was associated with reduced speed of processing when angry emotional stimuli were presented to bias cognition. In contrast, we found that wisdom was associated with greater speed of processing when happy emotions biased cognition. Source models of electroencephalographic data showed that loneliness was specifically associated with enhanced angry stimulus-driven theta activity in the left transverse temporal region of interest, which is located in the area of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), while wisdom was specifically related to increased TPJ theta activity during happy stimulus processing. Additionally, enhanced attentiveness to threatening stimuli for lonelier individuals was observed as greater beta activity in left superior parietal cortex, while wisdom significantly related to enhanced happy stimulus-evoked alpha activity in the left insula. Our results demonstrate emotion-context driven modulations in cognitive neural circuits by loneliness versus wisdom.
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Matthews, Timothy, Andrea Danese, Avshalom Caspi, Helen L. Fisher, Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Agnieszka Kepa, Terrie E. Moffitt, Candice L. Odgers, and Louise Arseneault. "Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000788.
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AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to build a detailed, integrative profile of the correlates of young adults’ feelings of loneliness, in terms of their current health and functioning and their childhood experiences and circumstances.MethodsData were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2232 individuals born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was measured when participants were aged 18. Regression analyses were used to test concurrent associations between loneliness and health and functioning in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine childhood factors associated with young adult loneliness.ResultsLonelier young adults were more likely to experience mental health problems, to engage in physical health risk behaviours, and to use more negative strategies to cope with stress. They were less confident in their employment prospects and were more likely to be out of work. Lonelier young adults were, as children, more likely to have had mental health difficulties and to have experienced bullying and social isolation. Loneliness was evenly distributed across genders and socioeconomic backgrounds.ConclusionsYoung adults’ experience of loneliness co-occurs with a diverse range of problems, with potential implications for health in later life. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention to prevent lonely young adults from being trapped in loneliness as they age.
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Ten Kate, Rowan L. F., Başak Bilecen, and Nardi Steverink. "The Role of Parent‐Child Relationships and Filial Expectations in Loneliness Among Older Turkish Migrants." Social Inclusion 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4508.
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Older first‐generation migrants living in Europe, particularly Turkish migrants, feel relatively lonely, which indicates social exclusion. Social embeddedness within the family, particularly parent‐child relationships, can alleviate loneliness for older migrants, but such relationships can also be ambivalent, which may not prevent loneliness altogether. Earlier research indicates that Turkish migrants in Germany report high quality relationships with their children and high levels of social support exchanges within the family; however, some still report disappointing aspects of the relationship with their children, such as feeling disrespected. To better understand these contradictory findings, this article focuses on various aspects of parent‐child relationships that may explain loneliness among older Turkish migrants in Germany. Moreover, the article considers whether filial expectations can be potential sources of intergenerational conflict that may explain higher levels of loneliness among older Turkish migrants. Using the Generations and Gender Survey with 606 first‐generation Turkish respondents aged 50 and above, findings show that having low satisfying relationships with children and not having adult co‐residing children is associated with more loneliness. Turkish migrants with higher filial expectations feel lonelier when they have good perceived health, and less lonely when they have bad perceived health. These findings indicate that especially healthy older Turkish migrants may have unfulfilled expectations regarding parent‐child relationships, which adds to their loneliness, while parents with bad health experience solidarity, which lowers their loneliness. This shows that both intergenerational solidarity and conflict influence loneliness among older Turkish migrants.
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Azer, Lilian, Isaac Quintanilla Salinas, Esra Kürüm, Leah Ferguson, Elizabeth Davis, Weiwei Zhang, Carla Strickland-Hughes, and Rachel Wu. "Older Adults’ Engagement in Cognitively Stimulating Activities Prior to the Pandemic Predicts Loneliness." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1199.
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Abstract Loneliness, which may be more prevalent in older than younger adults, may lead to increased subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment may in turn predict perceived loneliness. COVID-19 physical distancing restrictions may exacerbate perceived loneliness, especially that experienced by older adults. The present study investigated whether self-reported cognitive abilities (i.e., executive functions) would predict loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Younger (YA; n = 136, 18-35 years), middle-aged (MA; n = 126, 36-54 years), and older (OA; n = 171, 55-88 years) adults completed questionnaires assessing self-reported executive functions (EF) and perceived loneliness using the BRIEF-A and UCLA Loneliness scale respectively. Forty-nine of the 171 older participants partially completed a cognitive learning intervention, which has previously been found to increase EF. In the current study, age group did not significantly predict perceived loneliness. However, OA who participated in the prior intervention reported less loneliness than those who did not participate in the intervention. Additionally, OA who participated in the intervention and self-reported worse EF during the current study, also reported feeling lonelier than adults who did not participate in the intervention. Although results from our prior research found most OA who participated in the intervention improved their EF, the results from the current study suggest that it left them more susceptible to the negative effects of physical distancing restrictions if they had lower self-reported EF during the pandemic. Decreased engagement, real or perceived, in cognitively stimulating activities due to the pandemic strengthens the relationship between lower self-reported EF and perceived loneliness.
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HEYLEN, LEEN. "The older, the lonelier? Risk factors for social loneliness in old age." Ageing and Society 30, no. 7 (May 7, 2010): 1177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000292.
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ABSTRACTLoneliness is often associated with old age, but many studies have shown that the relationship is not straightforward. This paper seeks a better understanding of the impact of social isolation on feelings of loneliness among older people, by building on the theoretical and actual distinction between social and emotional loneliness. Social loneliness refers to a lack of feelings of social integration; emotional loneliness emerges in the absence of an attachment figure. This paper focuses on social loneliness and has two aims, first to disentangle the direct and intermediate effects of both the number and the quality of social relationships on social loneliness in old age, and second to detect the groups at risk of social loneliness by identifying which personal features correspond with which relational deficits and therefore indirectly increase the risk on social loneliness. Data are analysed for a sample of 1,414 respondents aged 55 or more years drawn from the Panel Study of Belgian Households conducted in 2000. The results confirm that improved understanding is gained by decomposing the interrelation between age and other background features, on the one hand, and the social relational features, on the other, as indirect and direct predictors of social loneliness. Generally, this approach promotes a correct identification of the groups at risk of social loneliness in old age.
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Mak, Wingyun, and Silvia Sörensen. "Loneliness and Purpose in Life Are Important Predictors for Future Care Planning." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1024.
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Abstract Experiencing purpose and social connection in later life is associated with better quality of life, better cognition, less morbidity, and lower risk of mortality. People who experience less purpose in life are more likely to report loneliness (Neville et al., 2018), and those with vision impairment are at greater risk for loneliness than the general population (Brunes et al., 2019). Planning for future care may be one way to enhance late life outcomes, but it is unclear how loneliness and purpose in life are related to planning behaviors in older people with vision loss. Using a sample of 200 older adults who were diagnosed with macular degeneration, this study explored the association of loneliness and purpose in life on future care planning variables after controlling for basic health and demographic variables. Hierarchical regressions showed that 1) people who are lonelier (β=.26, p<.05) but report greater purpose in life (β=.19, p<.05) are more aware of future care needs (ΔR2= .14, p<.001); 2) people who are lonelier (β=-.16, p<.05) but report greater purpose in life (β=-.46, p<.001) are less avoidant of planning (ΔR2= .14, p<.001); and 3) people who report greater purpose in life are more likely to gather information (β=.24, p<.05; ΔR2= .04, p<.05) and establish concrete plans related to planning for future care (β=.25, p<.05; ΔR2= .06, p<.001). These results suggest that having purpose in later life may boost planning behaviors, while those who are lonely may need help translating their awareness of future care needs into planning behaviors.
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Solić, Matej, Jasenka Vujanić, Mirjana Kralj, Aleksandar Včev, Jelena Jakab, Robert Lovrić, Željko Mudri, Štefica Mikšić, and Ivona Bulka. "Identification of Risk Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Loneliness of Elderly in Nursing Homes During Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic." Collegium antropologicum 45, no. 2 (2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.45.2.11.
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The elderly is at bigger risk for getting COVID-19 virus, and a particularly vulnerable group are people placed in homes for the elderly and frail. The aims of the study were: (1) to examine differences in the respondent’s experiences of social isolation, loneliness and perception of social support, (2) to examine correlations between the dimensions of social isolation and the experience of social support with the experience of loneliness, and (3) to examine whether dimensions of social isolation and perceived social support are risky psychosocial significant predictors of loneliness. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 participants from three nursing homes in Croatia, EU. It used Social Provision Scale, the short- form Loneliness Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results indicate that people who are single are lonelier, and if they do not have descendants are less likely to contact their family and at the same time they report a weaker social support experience. Loneliness is a statistically positive thing with a social provision dimension, information availability, and a significant negative correlation with the experience of social support. The dimensions of social provision, access to information and perceptions of social support contribute to the experience of loneliness. The constant exposure to negative information about the pandemic, the insecurity and anxiety of the people who communicate with them, make the users of homes for the elderly and infirm even more vulnerable to the development of loneliness.
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Ye, Shaoyu, Kevin K. W. Ho, and Andre Zerbe. "The effects of social media usage on loneliness and well-being: analysing friendship connections of Facebook, Twitter and Instagram." Information Discovery and Delivery 49, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/idd-08-2020-0091.
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Purpose This study aims to clarify the effects of different patterns of Facebook, Twitter and Instagram usage on user loneliness and well-being in Japan. Design/methodology/approach Based on responses to a self-report questionnaire in Japan, 155 university students were separated into 4 groups: users of Twitter only, users of Twitter and Facebook, users of Twitter and Instagram and users of all three social media. The effects of social media usage on loneliness and well-being for each group were analysed. Findings No social media usage effects on loneliness or well-being were detected for those who used only Twitter or both Twitter and Instagram. For those using both Twitter and Facebook, loneliness was reduced when users accessed Twitter and Facebook more frequently but was increased when they posted more tweets. Users of all three social media were lonelier and had lower levels of well-being when they accessed Facebook via PC longer; whereas their their access time of Facebook via smartphones helped them decrease loneliness and improve their levels of well-being. Originality/value The findings reported here provide possible explanations for the conflicting results reported in previous research by exploring why users choose different social media platforms to communicate with different groups of friends or acquaintances and different usage patterns that affect their loneliness and well-being.
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Lisitsa, Ellie, Katherine S. Benjamin, Sarah K. Chun, Jordan Skalisky, Lauren E. Hammond, and Amy H. Mezulis. "LONELINESS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE MEDIATIONAL ROLES OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT SEEKING." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 8 (October 2020): 708–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.8.708.
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Introduction: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and shelter-at-home have become necessary for public health and safety in the United States. This period of social isolation may be a risk factor for mental health problems, particularly among young adults for whom rates of loneliness are already high. Young adults also engage in more social media use than other age groups, a form of socialization associated with adverse effects on mental health, including loneliness and depression. Methods: The current study examined potential mediating roles of social media use and social support seeking on the relationship between age and loneliness symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 1,674 adults who completed an online survey regarding depressive symptoms, loneliness, coping strategies, and changes to their daily lives as a result of the pandemic. Results: Results indicated that young adults were lonelier than older adults during the pandemic, showed a greater increase in social media use, and lower social support seeking. Higher increases in social media use and lower social support seeking mediated the relationship between age group and loneliness. Discussion: Findings are discussed in context of prior research and potential effects of stress and isolation during the pandemic. Clinical implications and suggestions for intervention are elaborated.
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Hua, Cassandra. "Comparing Loneliness Among Individuals in Long-Term Care Settings and the Community." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2214.
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Abstract We used the NHATS COVID-19 module to examine whether individuals in long-term care communities were lonelier than individuals in the community during the pandemic. Additionally, we examined whether individuals in long-term care communities with more restrictive policies concerning visitors and communal activities were more likely to experience loneliness than individuals in communities with less restrictive policies. Approximately 45% of individuals in long-term care communities (n=134) felt at least a moderate amount of loneliness during COVID-19 when compared to 34% of individuals in the community (n= 2,666) (p<.05). However, the association was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for age, race, and sex. Among individuals in long-term care communities with the most restrictive policies, 48% experienced loneliness compared to 44% individuals in less restrictive communities. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Discussion will focus on similarities and differences within these populations that could have led to these results.
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Brown, Taylor, Reese Giddens, and Stephanie Wilson. "Longitudinal Associations of Physical Touch with Loneliness among Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3711.
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Abstract Older adults in the US face heightened risks for social disconnection, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this crisis. Physical touch is a key dimension of social connection that uniquely predicts physical and mental health benefits. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs, and no prior work has examined the long-term effects of physical touch on loneliness. To investigate the prospective association between physical touch and loneliness among older adults, this study utilized data from 1626 older adults (Mean age = 68, range = 57-85) who participated in Waves 1 and 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Participants reported on their loneliness and physical contact with family and friends, as well as with pets, at both waves. Results revealed that more frequent physical contact with family and friends predicted larger decreases in loneliness over the subsequent five years (p<.0001), controlling for age, race, gender, health conditions, marital status, frequency of social interaction, and baseline levels of loneliness. Physical contact with pets had no unique effect (p=.136). To further assess directionality, models tested whether lonelier people experienced decreased touch over time, and the effects were null (p>.250). Taken together, this longitudinal study is the first to identify the unique contribution of human physical touch to prospective changes in loneliness, beyond the well-established effects of covariates, including social interaction frequency. Touch represents a compelling mechanism by which social isolation may lead to loneliness, which in turn raises risks for poor health and premature mortality.
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Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska, Dov Shmotkin, and Shira Goldberg. "Loneliness in old age: longitudinal changes and their determinants in an Israeli sample." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 6 (September 29, 2009): 1160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990974.
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ABSTRACTBackground: There is a paucity of past research concerning longitudinal changes in loneliness in old age and in the factors that correlate with loneliness in older persons. This study examines (a) whether loneliness increases with age, (b) characteristics of the lonely older population, and (c) predictors of becoming lonely in old age.Methods: Data are from the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study, a national longitudinal study on the health, mental, and social status of people aged 75 and older living in Israel. Loneliness was measured as the frequency at which participants had felt lonely during the last month (range: 0–3). The analysis included two waves of data, with an average gap of 3.5 years between them, with 1147 participants at wave 1 and 588 participants at wave 2.Results: Data showed an increase in the mean level of loneliness over time, rising from 0.62 to 0.80, p<0.001. The strongest correlate of being lonely at wave 1 was unmarried status. Different variables predicted loneliness in the married and the unmarried. Among the married, lonelier persons tended to have experienced more traumatic events, had more doctor's visits, and manifested less cognitive vitality. In contrast, among the unmarried, loneliness was higher in those with financial difficulties, poor health, and less social network support. The longitudinal transition to becoming lonely was more likely in women, those with insufficient financial resources, and people with poorer health.Conclusions: Results highlight the following implications for the development of preventive programs: (a) helping older persons maintain and develop social networks for preventing increased loneliness, (b) taking demographic factors, health factors, and previous trauma into account when designing interventions, and (c) targeting unmarried women for interventions.
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Zhu, Yu, and Chen Wang. "The Lonelier, the More Conservative? A Research about Loneliness and Risky Decision-Making." Psychology 08, no. 10 (2017): 1570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.810104.
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Fang, Yang, Anson Chau, Helene H. Fung, and Jean Woo. "LONELINESS SHAPES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ICT USE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT AMONG OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1950.
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Abstract Background: Given findings that generally support the benefits of information and communication technology (ICT) for older adults’ psychosocial adjustment, one might surmise that lonely older adults, who have a stronger need for psychological support, would reap more psychosocial benefits from ICT use. However, scant research has examined this view, much less the likelihood that ICT use might worsen the psychological well-being of lonely older adults, as has been shown to be the case in younger adults. Objective: To examine whether the association between ICT use and psychological adjustment (i.e., psychological distress and sense of community [SOC]) among older adults depends on their loneliness levels. Methods: A representative sample of 738 Hong Kong SAR Chinese older adults aged 60 years or older (56% female) was interviewed in 2017 on loneliness, frequency of ICT use (i.e., Internet and smart devices), psychological distress (6-item Kessler scale; K6), and SOC. Results: Regression analyses showed that loneliness significantly moderated the relationship between ICT use frequency and psychological adjustment (psychological distress and SOC); more frequent ICT use was associated with more psychological distress and less SOC, with higher levels of loneliness. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ICT use may be a mixed blessing for older adults, i.e., using more ICT might predict worse psychological adjustment among lonelier older adults. Efforts that promote ICT use among older adults should take their loneliness levels into account.
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Yılmaz, Ercan, and Hüseyin Arslan. "Examination of relationship between teachers' loneliness at workplace and their life satisfaction." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/c3s3m6.
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This research aims to examine teachers' life satisfaction level and their loneliness at workplace according to some variables. It also aims to find out predictive role and its level of teachers' loneliness at workplace on their life satisfaction. Research is carried out in accordance with relational screening model and 402 primary school teachers who are working in Ankara during 2012-2013 academic year and selected from 35 primary schools by use of disproportionate cluster sampling method constitutes the sample of the research. The data is collected with ''the scales of loneliness at workplace and life satisfaction'' and tested by making use of multiple regression technique. The differentiation levels in terms of teachers' life satisfaction and their loneliness at workplace, their sexes, marital status, attendance to concerted social activities out of school and union membership are analysed using T test. Research findings indicate that while there is not a significant difference between teachers' loneliness level at workplace with respect to marital status in the dimension of emotional deprivation, there is a meaningful diffrence in the dimension of social friendship. Single teachers feel themselves lonelier at workplace than married ones in social friendship dimension. According to marital status variable, life satisfaction levels show significant difference in favor of married teachers. Moreover, between the points of teachers' life satisfaction and the points of their loneliness at workplace in the dimensions of emotional deprivation and social friendship, there is meaningful negative way relationship. It is also inferred that there is a meaningful opposite relationship between emotional deprivation dimension of teachers' loneliness at workplace and social friendship dimension of their life satisfaction.
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Phillips, Judith Robertson, Cassandra Ford, and Thomas Prohaska. "How Does Aging in Place Help Us Understand Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2209.
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Abstract Co-sponsored by the Disasters and Older Adults, Loneliness and Social Isolation, and Rural Aging Interest Groups, five presenters will highlight multiple circumstances regarding the intersection of social isolation or loneliness and the impact of COVID-19. Haverhals and colleagues interviewed veterans and their caregivers to identify the impact of changes in care delivery and social isolation as a result of the pandemic. Findings indicated differences in feelings of isolation among individuals living in their own home or assisted living facilities. Hua et al. examined whether individuals in long-term care communities were lonelier than individuals in the community during the pandemic using data from the NHATS COVID-19 module with higher levels of loneliness reported from individuals living in more restricted communities. Henning-Smith and colleagues explored differences in social activities among rural and urban participants in the COVID-19 Coping Study. Their study provides awareness into the ways rural and urban older adults stayed connected during the pandemic. Peterson et al. examined the effect of COVID-19 on care in Florida nursing homes and assisted living communities and on residents’ anxiety with higher levels of anxiety reported by residents in nursing homes. Using the Coping with Loneliness, Isolation and COVID19 Global Survey, O’Sullivan and colleagues utilized the lens of ‘place’ to examine factors associated with those experiencing loneliness and/or social isolation during the pandemic with insights from a public health perspective. Collectively, these presenters will provide evidence of the challenges associated with older adults’ social isolation and loneliness throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Washington, Ernest, and Elham Zandvakili. "The Emotional Climate Scale: Understanding Emotions, Context and Justice." Journal of Education and Learning 8, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n1p21.
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The Emotional Climate Scale (ECS) was used to study the emotional responses of minority and majority elementary school students to different settings within their schools. The ECS applies a 7 point Likert scale to assess the emotions of anger, sadness, anxiety, loneliness, calmness, excitement, happiness, and hope in the school settings of the school bus, the playground, the principal office as well as the English, mathematics, social studies, and science classes. Minority children are significantly happier and lonelier on the bus and they are also more excited, angry and lonely in English classes than their white peers. In math classes minority children are more excited but lonelier. On the playground minority children are significantly sadder than majority children. In the principal’s office, minority children are significantly calmer than majority children. In science, minority children were significantly more excited and hopeful. In social studies minority children were also more excited. In the gym, there were no significant differences between majority and minority children. Excitement and happiness are the two positive emotions are preferred and appropriate for all classes. A key question raised by the ECS is the question “Is this school fair to minority children?” The presence of loneliness, sadness, and anger are troubling indicators of something that is not right in this school.
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Roseli, Nurul Rashidah Mohamed, and Izzah Auni Mahyuddin. "Risk Factors Of Loneliness And Anxiety Symptoms During Movement Control Order Among University Students: A Comparative Analysis." Academic Perspective Procedia 4, no. 2 (November 6, 2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.04.02.43.
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COVID-19 is a dreadful virus with extreme infectiousness as it spreads through both direct and indirect methods, as long as human movement exists. Malaysia introduced the first phase of Movement Control Order (MCO) on 18th of March, following the success of other earlier countries such as China, Scotland and Eng-land. A number of prohibitions were enforced to minimize human movements in the country. This includes the temporary closure of all educational institutions. The closure of institutions results in the division of university students into two groups: (1) students who were stranded in their respective universities and (2) students who managed to return to their respective hometowns. Meanwhile, prevalence of mental health disturbances among university students was found to be high during MCO due to loneliness and constant pressure from chaotic situa-tion. Previous evidences from other population indicate different prevalence of loneliness across social groups such as gender, economic status and locality. This paper provides a comparative analysis to discover the risk factors of loneliness among university students. Results show that most university students exhibit moderate to high loneliness, however there is no significant difference of loneli-ness across gender and nationality. No significant difference of loneliness is iden-tified between students who were living in residential college during MCO and those who were staying out-campus. Initiatives to address loneliness issues in residential college is further discussed.
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Heatley Tejada, Ana, María Montero, and Robin Dunbar. "Being unempathic will make your loved ones feel lonelier: Loneliness in an evolutionary perspective." Personality and Individual Differences 116 (October 2017): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.042.
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Cho, Jinmyoung, Shinae Choi, Gelareh Rahimighazikalayeh, Peter Martin, Melinda Heinz, and Yeon Ji Ryou. "A Longitudinal Trajectory of Loneliness and the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Oldest-Old Population." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1020–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3654.
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Abstract Loneliness is significantly associated with health and well-being among oldest-old adults. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19, physical and social distancing policies might elevate loneliness among the oldest-old population. This study examined the trends and changes in the prevalence of feeling lonely using the 2020 HRS COVID-19 module merged to the 15 waves of the HRS RAND longitudinal datasets from 1992 to 2018. A total of 14,371 respondents, including 614 respondents aged 80 years and older were included. Generalized linear models compared age group differences within the 2020 module. Generalized estimating equations assessed the longitudinal change at the individual level and the trend of feeling loneliness among oldest-old adults from 1992 to 2020. Loneliness was assessed with one item of the CES-D scale (i.e., during the past week, felt lonely). After adjusting for demographic characteristics and health, the results showed that oldest-old adults were more likely to feel lonely compared to younger age groups (18% for 80’s vs. 14% for 50’s) during the early months of the pandemic. A longitudinal trajectory also showed that they feel lonelier than in prior years (19% in 2020 vs. 14% in 2018). However, compared to same-age groups from earlier years, a significantly lower prevalence of feeling lonely was observed (18% in 2020 vs. 27% in 1994). The results show that the outbreak of the COVID-19 may elevate feeling lonely, but the recent cohorts be less lonely than earlier cohorts. Future research should continue to explore protective factors for loneliness among oldest-old adults.
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Güvendi, Burcu, and Engin Işık Abanoz. "Examination of Exercise Dependency Levels and State of Loneliness in Students of Sports Sciences Faculty." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n4p231.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the dependence levels and loneliness status of students studying in sports sciences. The study group of the study consisted of 204 sports science students, 68 women and 136 men with an average age of 20.75 ± 2.47. For the purpose of collecting data, “Exercise Dependancy Scale” developed by Tekkurşun-Demir, Hazar and Cicioğlu (2018) and the“Loneliness Scale” Turkish adaptation of the scale was made by Demir (1989) were used. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage and Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis and Spearman Correlation analysis were used for data analysis. According to the findings of the study, it was observed that students were in the dependent group rarely experienced loneliness. A significant difference was found in the loneliness score of the students according to gender. Significant differences were found in the postponement of exercise dependence scale, individual and social needs and conflict sub-dimension according to students’ were being licensed. According to the frequency of participation in the exercise, there was a significant difference between the postponement of individual and social needs of the exercise dependence scale and the development of the conflict, tolerance and passion. In the correlation analysis of the scales, no significant relationship was found between loneliness and exercise dependence. As a result, in our study, although it was seen that the loneliness levels of the students studying in sports sciences were low, it was concluded that male students were lonelier than female students. In addition, it can be said that students are included in the exercise dependent group, because of the fact that these students are kneaded with sports and due to their sports background, they can adjust the dose and duration of the exercise correctly, and thus they do not postpone their social and individual needs as a part of their lives.
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Faisal, Cut Maghfirah, and Sherly Saragih Turnip. "Predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children of migrant workers in Indonesia." Journal of Public Mental Health 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-04-2018-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare loneliness between the left-behind children of migrant workers and the non-left-behind ones, and identify the most significant predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children. Design/methodology/approach Incidental sampling was performed to select 629 participants aged 11–16 from 5 schools in the rural areas of Karawang and Lombok in Indonesia. They filled in paper-and-pencil self-report inventories. Findings Left-behind children were significantly lonelier than their counterparts were. Emotional loneliness was more affected by parental absence compared to social loneliness. Left-behind children would be more susceptible to experience loneliness if they had more access to entertainment gadgets, experienced less support and intimacy from friends, had been left by their migrant parents more than once, were female, had low self-esteem, experienced emotional difficulties and rarely communicated with their parents. Research limitations/implications Qualitative research was needed to provide more elaborative explanation about the findings. Practical implications Parents needed to consider the psychological cost and benefit of working abroad to their children. Governments could intervene by limiting the duration and frequency of work among the migrant workers. Social implications Some beneficial implications to prevent and reduce loneliness among left-behind children were provided, such as by maintaining the frequency and quality of communication with the children, motivating and guiding the children to interact with their peers and spend less time on entertainment gadgets, as well as encouraging the children to engage in several positive activities to enhance their self-esteem. Originality/value This study enriched the understanding about complex relationship between parental presence and adolescents’ mental health despite the fact that adolescents seemed to be more interested in relationships with peers.
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Wilkinson, Lindsay, Julie Masters, and Julie Blaskewicz Boron. "Provider Communication and Loneliness in Senior Living Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2675.
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Abstract Prior research has demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on feelings of loneliness, but relatively little is known about loneliness in the context of senior living communities (SLCs). Indeed, the pandemic has led SLCs to enact new safety precautions, including visitor restrictions, intended to reduce the spread of COVID-19, which may have serious consequences for the psychosocial well-being of residents. Drawing on a sample of 733 adults ages 54 to 100 living in one of nine SLCs in December 2020 (response rate = 60%), linear regression models were used to examine whether perceived communication between SLCs and residents during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced feelings of loneliness. Analyses also considered whether this association varied as a function of education. Our findings reveal that 53% of respondents were very lonely during the pandemic. However, older adults who perceived that their SLC had been helpful to their understanding of the pandemic were significantly less lonely (p < 0.01), adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Moreover, we found that less educated older adults derived the greatest benefit from effective communication about the pandemic (p < 0.05). Those with less education reported feeling lonelier if they did not perceive that their SLC communicated in a way that helped them better understand the pandemic; there was no such association for those with higher education. The findings from this study provide support for the resource substitution hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of communication in alleviating feelings of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Bobrov, Roman S. "Globalization and Loneliness." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 3381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr2020358.
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