Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'London'
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Juby, Caroline. "London before London : reconstructing a Palaeolithic landscape." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/7833cc50-46be-4086-5834-2881e1d5fb63/10/.
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Melville, Caspar. "London Underground : The multicultural routes of London dance cultures." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497246.
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Popular music plays a powerful role in people's lives. The centrality that it takes in the individual and collective lives of social actors appears to be in inverse proportion to their social, cultural and political power: relatively powerless groups have historically used music as a way to organise themselves and their understanding of the world, a way to speak in public, and speak about, among other things, the forces they believe conspire to keep them powerless. This thesis is concentrated on the cultures that have emerged around a series of genres collectively described as 'dance music' in London in the past two decades. It takes as its starting point the most promising theoretical models developed to understand cultures around music, the 'subcultural studies' of the 1970s, but it places these alongside theoretical perspectives that pay more attention to the politics of space, in particular new developments in cultural geography, and the work on transational cultures of Stuart Hall and Paul Gilroy. Combining a theoretical approach based on Manual Castell's notion of a 'network society', with ethnographyinterviews and participant observation data gathered over 3 years at the end of the 1990S - and case studies of specific dance music genre-networks - Rare Groove, 'Acid House' and 'Jungle' - the thesis traces the evolution of London dance cultures in relation to immigration, the changing racial and political geography of the city, and the emergence of multicultural space and practice. The thesis traces patterns of continuity and change across different dance genres, to argue that the African diaspora, and partiCUlarly the 'discrete cultural unit' defined by Gilroy as the Black Atlantic rather than the Nation, or an idea of English particularity, continue to be the appropriate contextual frame for understanding dance music activity in Britain. Some of the underlying questions to which this thesis provides the answer are: what role have London's migrant and non-white populations played in the cultural and economic life of the city? What are the mechanisms of multiculture, and what role has Afro-diasporic music played in these mechanisms? What is the relationship between the development of musical subcultures and 'the Nation'?
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Thorpe, Andrea Susan. "Cosmos in London : South Africans writing London after 1948." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24862.
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Many critics have argued that Englishness was forged on the peripheries of the British Empire - that, as Simon Gikandi puts it, Englishness was "elsewhere". In this thesis, I take this argument in another direction, and ask whether travel to London enabled South Africans not only to think about London and Englishness, but also to forge ideas about South Africanness. In order to answer this question, I explore South African representations of London from 1948 onwards. I focus on the writing of Peter Abrahams, Dan Jacobson, Todd Matshikiza, Arthur Nortje, J.M. Coetzee, Justin Cartwright, and Isthtiyaq Shukri, providing an alternative and transnational history of both South African literature and London by exploring the interface between London and South African authors across a broad timespan. My comparison of the writing of Peter Abrahams and Dan Jacobson highlights London's role in the midst of important debates about liberalism, artistic independence and the role of the South African writer during apartheid. My study of Todd Matshikiza's London-based writing exemplifies the layered, transhistorical counterpoint between South Africa and London that is common to many South African narratives about London. Matshikiza's writing also includes references to other spaces - in his case, a global black imaginary - foregrounding the global resonances that are present in both London and South Africa. Arthur Nortje's poetry about London evinces a shifting dialectic between traumatic alienation and bodily embeddedness in the city, suggesting the need to rethink how exiled South African writers have engaged with places of exile. In my study of novels by Justin Cartwright and J.M. Coetzee, I focus on the metonymic role that London plays in South African writing, and explore how writing about London enables or occludes self-reflection on the part of "white" writers. In my epilogue, I read Ishtiyaq Shukri's The Silent Minaret (2005) in order to consider the interlinked histories of South Africa and London, but also to look forward and outwards to South African literature's broader global reach. In this thesis, I argue that a study of South African writing in London enriches our understanding of the historical development of South African culture and identity in response to exile, and specifically in relation to one of the most important international touchstones within the South African imaginary.
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Grout, Nancy Catherine. "Reading Victorian London, Henry Mayhew, 1812-1887, and London labour and the London poor, 1861-62." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51866.pdf.
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Groes, Sebastian. "The making of London : representations of London in contemporary fiction." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429592.
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Over the past twenty-five years London has been the focus of an extraordinary outburst of creative literary energy, which this thesis tries to capture and map. lain Sinclair, Maureen Duffy, Michael Moorcock, Martin Amis, Salman Rushdie, Zadie Smith, Monica Ali and J. G. Ballard have all produced textual Londons that are intensely critical of the rapidly changing nature of the city under the Thatcher decade and New Labour's perpetuation of the Thatcherite programme This shared opposition makes it possible, through an idiosyncratic act of the imagination, to carve out an independent imaginary London. Because the literary British tradition has strong ties with humanist traditions, rather than using the contemporary London novel as the vehicle for test-driving theoretical models and the often ahistorical perspective offered by post-structuralist theories, this thesis goes back to the open models of literary analysis found in the work of, amongst others, Eco and Calvino. This work also recuperates urban semiotics as a working model: by intervening at the levels of signs that are placed in specific social and historical contexts, the changing life of London as a system may be assessed Central to the analysis is the way in which these authors recuperate the spoken voice in writing, creating a dialogic, ambivalent model of 'London' that works against contemporary a historicism. Another important aspect is the way in which these writers draw upon intertextual models to reclaim the city in human terms.
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Coverley, Merlin. "The London project : towards a new genre of London writing." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667780.
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Pampel, Ines, and Peter Horton. "Dresden – London 2012." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-130345.
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Jede außergewöhnliche Geschichte beginnt mit Kreativität, Mut und Freiheit. Da braucht es Menschen, die Neuartiges kreieren sowie Menschen, die die Chance erkennen, den Weg frei zu machen und sich beteiligen. Eine solche erfreuliche Konstellation führte an der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) im letzten Jahr erstmalig zum europäischen Personalaustausch. Zwei Musikbibliothekare aus London und Dresden wagten Neuland: für mehrere Wochen tauschten sie ihren Dienst- und Lebensort, um in den anderen Bibliotheken mitzuarbeiten, sich fachlich sowie sprachlich weiterzuentwickeln und erfuhren dabei vielfältige Unterstützung.
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Robins, Anna Elizabeth Gruetzner. "The London impressionists." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420075.
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Larsson, Anders. "1800-talets London i spelet Crysis : Reflektioner kring verket ”London Crysis”." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6138.
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Rapporten är en reflekterande rapport över mitt och Petri Tuoris gemensamma verkLondon Crysis som vi gjorde som examensarbete på Högskolan i Skövde. Verket är gjorti spelet Crysis och är en fiktion av London på 1800-talet inspirerat av filmer som FromHell och Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. Rapporten börjar med eninledning som förklarar var idén till verket kom ifrån, problemställning, syfte ochavgränsning. Rapporten fortsätter sedan med en beskrivning av verket, en mer detaljeradbeskrivning av idén, leveldesign, stämningen, exempelmodeller, hemsidan och trailern.Rapporten tar också upp enkätundersökningen som försökte ge ett svar på hur andrauppfattar stämningen i spelet och tankar kring det. Sista delen av rapporten är enslutdiskussion kring resultatet av enkätundersökningen och verket.
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Van, Lieshout Carry. "London's changing waterscapes : the management of water in eighteenth-century London." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/londons-changing-waterscapes(ce7ce685-1888-41fa-96d0-afaf472a3a90).html.
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This thesis explores the relationships between the natural environment, urbanisation, and the market economy, in the context of water supply and drainage in eighteenth-century London. It argues that, as a result of the expansion of the built-up area, the institutions that managed London's water became increasingly vital as the main mediators of the growing distance between the city's inhabitants and water. In particular, it focuses on the growth of a commercial water supply, and analyses how the allocation of a natural resource became increasingly refracted through the market. As such, the thesis addresses the emergence of a political economy of water and its social and economic ramifications. The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach, integrating social and environmental history, and it argues that geography should be incorporated in the analysis of the institutions that controlled water. It considers London's drainage system and its water supply together, as changes in the drainage of surface water played a crucial role in creating the conditions for the privatisation of London's water supply. The expansion of the supply network, in turn, depended heavily on London's social geography as well as its topography, as the difference in elevation between a water company's intake and its customer base proved influential for its failure or success. The increased role of commercial water supply had important consequences as to how eighteenth-century Londoners accessed water. A new analysis of the water companies' level of market penetration adds context to contemporary debates surrounding the way the water market was structured. Finally, an investigation of the provision of free water in emergencies explores the role of private companies in the provision of public goods. The thesis adds to our knowledge about the growing role for institutions in an expanding city. More specifically, it explores how the market mediated relationships between society and nature.
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Sprang, Felix C. H. "Londons fountaine of arts and sciences bildliche und theatrale Vermittlungsinstanzen naturwissenschaftlichen Denkens im frühneuzeitlichen London." Heidelberg Winter, 2006. http://d-nb.info/985229586/04.
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Rein, Howard. "A comparative study of the London German and the London Jewish Hospitals." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/400480/.
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The thesis compares the founding and development of two sectarian hospitals in the East End of London - the London German Hospital in the nineteenth and the London Jewish Hospital in the early twentieth century. They were established to serve the needs of the German and Jewish immigrant communities living in London at these periods. It was the intention to satisfy their religious and cultural requirements, but especially the language problems they faced, as the majority of migrants had little comprehension of the English language and communication with the medical profession was frustrated at the existing voluntary hospitals because diagnostic aids had not yet been fully implemented and a dependence on verbal communication remained of primary importance. It will be shown that although both groups of migrants faced poverty, the supporters of the German Hospital represented the wealthy and the elite in England and on the Continent. It was a time when an affinity existed between British and German cultures, with German philosophy and science celebrated in this country and the founders received virtually no opposition to their venture. The thesis demonstrates how this contrasted with resistance to the founding of the Jewish Hospital eighty years later. The Jewish immigrants struggled to establish their hospital because of the hostility of the indigenous population exemplified by passage of the Aliens Act of 1905 and the opposition of the Jewish elite led by Lord Rothschild who argued that the immigrant Jews should integrate rather than separate. The thesis argues there was a need for the two hospitals, and contrasts their attainment of success despite their social and economic differences. It will show how the arguments have been assembled using information obtained from literature on immigration studies, ethnic and social issues as well as medical history. Research using the newspaper and hospital archives supplemented the study.
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Bond, R. "Ian Sinclair and London." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596759.
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This thesis represents the first comprehensive study of Iain Sinclair's writing. The introductory chapter provides an account of Sinclair's relation to the 'Cambridge school' of neo-modernist poetry, and reconstructs the twentieth century poetic genealogies upon which Sinclair's writing has drawn. The following three chapters consist of close readings of Sinclair's major London texts: Lud Heat, White Chappell: Scarlet Tracings and Downriver. These analyses aim to extend the critique of urban experience formulated by Frankfurt School Marxism. The readings are oriented by a constellation of concepts introduced in the second part of the opening chapter, which begins with an assessment of Adorno's and Bourdieu's diverging evaluations of the artwork's fetish-character, or of its illusory claim to be non-exchangeable. Sinclair's presentation of the detachment of artists from mainstream exchange relations remains a preoccupation of the thesis, as does his concern with artists' disinterest. The opening chapter also introduces the concept of compulsion, discussing Sinclair's treatment of compulsive artistic production. The reading of Downriver shows that Sinclair opposes the artist's compulsion to be derangedly compelled, to the capitalist compulsion to engage in self-interested production of marketable art. An early application of Lukács's concept of second nature helps us to explore further Sinclair's interest in the seeming fatedness of contemporary experience. Adorno saw the artist's domination of material to contest the apparent inevitability of the domination of nature. The Lud Heat chapter argues that the way in which Sinclair's text draws our attention to the dominative rationality of religious ways of interpreting the environment, such as the strategy of sacralizing place by uncovering buried spatial webs, even as it foregrounds the irrationality of those methods, enables us to begin to imagine freedom from domination. The thesis devotes a considerable amount of attention to Sinclair's uniquely intimate account of contemporary art-making. Yet, in exploring Sinclair's broader vision of the city, it also allows for extended comparisons with the London writing of Peter Ackroyd, Blake, Conan Doyle and Dickens.
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Monteil, Gwladys. "Samian in Roman London." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422251.
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Snajdr, Rosie. "In London, around 1914." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48782/.
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This approximation to a year study considers London, 1914 as a site of early modernism’s emergence. It focuses on the cultural interactions between experimental and popular artists, aesthetics, and institutions that were an impetus for, and influence on the development of early modernism. Chapter one discusses the complexity of early modernism’s relationship with popular literary sphere. Two staged public events that happened in January are compared—G. K. Chesterton’s trial of a Dickens character and Ezra Pound’s dinner in honour of the poetic accomplishments of an old man who insisted he was not a poet. Both involved bids for literary autonomy and attempts at public self-fashioning. Neither included attempts to enact a separation of experimental and popular culture. Chapter two concerns the strategies by which the Egoist advertised its resistance to the commercialisation of literature. Attempts were made to shame profitable cultural arbiters, battles were waged against censorship in protection of the artist’s right to autonomy, and attacks were made upon the purveyors of jingoistic war poetry. Rather than being evidence of vehement anti-commercialism, these resistances are shown to operate in the commercial interests of the little magazine. Chapter three considers the competition between rival experimentalisms, charting the way in which the compositors of BLAST appropriated notions of heroism from a new breed of adventure story—mechanical war fiction—to distinguish their talk of machines from that of the Futurists. By interacting with popular culture the Vorticists embraced an avant-garde aesthetic, even as they resisted certain kinds of avant-garde activity that they perceived to have been cheapened by their success and ubiquity. Chapter four re/visits three poets—formative Georgian Poetry contributor W. H. Davies, anthology abstainer Rose Macaulay, and one-poem-Imagiste Skipwith Cannell—to demonstrate the ways in which appearances in anthologies have distorted and deleted parts of the poetic record.
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Norris-Hill, Jane. "Aeropalynology in North London." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1992. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3387/.
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This study investigates the abundance and dispersal of pollen in an urban area with a view to making accurate predictions of daily pollen counts. Two-hourly pollen counts of more than 60 different pollen types have been recorded over four complete growing seasons in the heavily urbanized area of North London and this is interpreted in relation to meteorological conditions, local pollen source areas, topography and the urban morphology. The analysis and forecasting of airborne pollen concentrations has relevance within three subject areas. Hayfever sufferers are able to use the forecasts to avoid times of high pollen counts; and this is of particular importance as the incidence of allergic respiratory diseases is higher in urban than in rural areas, and the incidence is believed to be increasing. The research has relevance also for Quaternary palynologists as an increased understanding of modern day pollen dispersal can aid in the interpretation of fossil pollen stratigraphies, as well as to the dispersal of particulate pollutants in urban areas. An initial investigation of pollen abundance illuminates seasonal, daily and two-hourly variations in concentration which are examined in detail in relation to both past and present meteorological conditions. Three pollen taxa (Gramineae, Betula and Platanus) are selected for further analysis to develop various models which are able to predict average daily pollen concentrations of these taxa two or three days in advance. The forecasting models are based upon a multiple regressional analysis of pollen counts and twelve meteorological variables and attain levels of explanation approaching S6%. An attempt is made also to predict the severity of the Gramineae pollen season by examining the average daily temperatures in the months preceding the start of the season. This research is novel in the level of detail of the analysis of pollen concentrations as well as in attempting to predict pollen counts using a variety of methods, especially in the use of accumulated values of maximum daily temperature and sunshine hours.
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Seljeseth, Linda, and Mikaela Björk. "Den lokala påverkan av ett mega event : London 2012 med vision London 2040." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-10559.
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The topic of this essay is the expected effects that can come during and after a mega event and how the local impact may affect the local community and the citizen. This essay concerns a forthcoming mega event, the Olympic Games that will be held in London 2012. The area that the Olympics will be held in is Stratford that is located about twenty minutes from the central of London by the underground. The Olympic Games is one of the largest mega events with its millions of visitors. The purpose of this essay is to study what is expected after the mega event has taken place in London. This is done through observation and through contact with one of the key members in the project team for the planning around the Olympics 2012. The authors of this essay have also had contact with Björn Folin who is the press officer for the Swedish Olympic Committee. To gain an insight into what might happen, the authors of this essay has also examined what happened after the previous Olympic Games. The result of this study is shaped by what has happened in cities that have arranged the Olympic Games previous years. Since this essay is to examine expectations of what might happen after the Olympic Games in London 2012, much of the outcome of what happened after the Olympics is based on what the outcome have been in previous host cities.
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Chong, Uven. "Air quality and climate impacts of Greater London buses and London Paddington trains." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708158.
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Caserta, Mario. "Le equazioni di London-London e la quantizzazione del flusso magnetico nella superconduttività." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7806/.
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Nella prima sezione di questo lavoro verranno esposti i ragionamenti fisici alla base della scrittura delle equazioni di London-London (1935), capaci di descrivere due importanti fenomeni riguardanti i materiali superconduttori quali la conduttività perfetta (resistenza nulla) e il diamagnetismo perfetto (Effetto Meissner). Verrà in essa infine brevemente descritto l'effetto della più generale conservazione del flusso magnetico nei superconduttori
secondo il modello classico. Nella seconda sezione verrà esposto il ragionamento alla base della scrittura del Modello Quantistico Macroscopico, proposto da F.London
nel 1948 per cercare di unificare la descrizione elettrodinamica classica della superconduttività con la meccanica quantistica, attraverso la scrittura di una funzione d'onda macroscopica capace di descrivere l'intero ensemble di portatori di carica superelettronici
nel loro moto di conduzione.Esso permetterà di prevedere il fenomeno della quantizzazione del flusso magnetico intrappolato da una regione superconduttrice molteplicemente connessa.
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Deiter, Kristen. "The Tower of London icon of early modern English drama /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Stein, Jeremy Leon. "Ideology and the telephone : the social reception of a technology, London 1876-1920." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1381834/.
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This thesis explores the social reception of the telephone mainly in late-Victorian and Edwardian London. My objective is to understand how urban populations are educated to a new technology, and how technology is socially appraised and embedded. "The social reception of technology" is defined as the development and promotion of a new technology, the political reactions and social comment it stimulates, and the nature of its social and geographic diffusion. This approach, I argue, reveals important connections between technology, ideology and social power in the city. The telephone was one of several new space-binding technologies introduced into Britain between 1870 and 1920. The telephone contributed to the creation of a "networked city", and to the extension of the "public sphere". Because of the telephone's basic characteristics -- its speed and immediacy of communication -- commentators have regarded it as essentially modern and democratic. This view is considered deterministic and an exaggeration of the telephone's early significance. The telephone system developed gradually. Initially an elite technology, the telephone was first used and introduced in traditional ways. Developed in Britain largely by private interests, the telephone was commoditised by its promoters and marketed as a business machine. The long distance network was prioritised over local networks, business over social uses, and the extension of the price system over other possible social objectives. As the telephone system developed, this "entrepreneurialism" clashed with other ideological agents in the city: the individualism of private land ownership, professionalism of engineers and public servants, and with diverse state and non-state institutions claiming to represent the public interest. If not modern in function or consequence, the telephone I suggest was institutionally modern; in the attempts of its promoters and their opponents to use the "public sphere" in their own interest, yet always subject to it; to generate through the press and through material and symbolic practices talk about the telephone, yet always subject to public scrutiny in the form of press comment and criticism. The thesis illustrates these arguments through a survey of how the telephone was reported in the press; through a study of policy as revealed in the archives of the Post Office and the National Telephone Company; and through a case study of the telephone's diffusion in the middle class suburb of Hampstead.
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Polinna, Cordelia. "Towards a London renaissance Projekte und Planwerke des städtebaulichen Paradigmenwechsels im Londoner Zentrum." Detmold Rohn, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993691072/04.
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Martin, Claire Anne. "Transport for London, 1250-1550." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554268.
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Keith, M. "The 1981 riots in London." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384700.
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Farooq, Jennifer. "London sermon culture, 1702-1763." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494824.
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There has been a revived interest in the early modern sermons. Yet, relatively little work has been done on the early eighteenth century. This thesis contributes to the growing body of literature by focusing on London sermon culture from 1702 to 1763, These discourses faced increasing competition from other publications, so this study illuminates how this established genre adapted to the evolving world of print. This also was a period of religious diversity and, some argue, secularisation, so this analysis also furthers our understanding of the role of religion in society. This thesis traces the evolution of sermon culture from a highly partisan culture in the early eighteenth century to a more 'urbane' one by the mid-eighteenth century, when preachers increasingly contributed to the expanding associational environment of London. This analysis suggests that while the publication of sermons did experience some decline, preachers adapted to the evolving nature of English politics and society.
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Ota, Masafumi. "Office decentralisation : London and Tokyo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388724.
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Wilcox, Denys J. "The London Group 1913-1939." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390143.
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Laite, Julia Ann. "Prostitution in London, 1885-1930." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612395.
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Skinner, Carolynne Kiku. "Teenage pregnancy in South London." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/5efffba8-0443-4bf2-8154-416ad271bd54/1/.
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The increasing proportion of teenage girls of West Indian origin presenting for legal NHS abortions at the two teaching hospitals in a district of South London prompted the setting up of this study (1979-81, funded by the DHSS). The study's main aims were to ascertain whether, in fact, the proportion of girls of West Indian origin was higher than would be expected in the district, which has a sizable population of long-settled West Indian immigrants; if so, to identify the most important contributory factors and to make appropriate recommendations for changes or improvements in the services, in order to bring about a reduction in the number of unwanted pregnancies. In all, 550 teenage girls were interviewed: 220 after termination of their pregnancies, and 217 after the birth of their babies; a small comparison group of 113 teenagers who had never been pregnant was recruited in the district's hospital and community family planning clinics. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire and the results compared, where possible, with other similar studies. This survey data, together with systematic and non-systematic observations made throughout the period of the study, were used to give support to the hypotheses. About a third of both groups of pregnant teenagers were of West Indian origin. This was higher than anticipated. Since socio-economic differences did not provide immediate explanations, certain hypotheses were tested which derived from the apparent importance of types of inter-personal relationships (specifically, mother-daughter and boy-girl) as predictors of the risk of a teenage girl experiencing an unplanned and initially unwanted pregnancy. The method of contraception (if any) used by a teenager at the time of her first sexual experience, provided a useful indicator of the type of relationship a young couple had. Girls of West Indian origin appeared to find themselves when they became sexually active, in "segregated" relationships with their partners (as opposed to "integrated" relationships), relationships typified from the study's viewpoint, by the non-use of any form of contraception, at least in the relationship's initial stages. Once having identified what seemed to be a key to the problem (exemplified in the classification of relationship types devised) the question of how best to utilise this knowledge arose. It was suggested that the study's classification of relationship types could provide a useful frame of reference for those health professionals most closely concerned with young women and young men. Recommended changes in the services centred upon changing the attitudes of service workers towards young people, in the hope of improving their image and making them more approachable. It was suggested that a lay visitor on the wards who would also be available to give advice during those family planning clinic sessions directed specifically at young people, would provide invaluable support for teenage girls who had experienced an unplanned pregnancy.
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Rybková, Jana. "Poistný trh Lloyd's of London." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-195502.
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Diploma thesis deals with the insurance market Lloyd's of London. The main aim is to give a complex view on this specific subject on the insurance and reinsurance market, its history and market position. The work also contains a description of structure of the market, Corporation and capital, an overview of laws that involve Lloyd's market and also plans to expand its scope. Part of the work is focused on the development of a regulatory system in United Kingdom, the European Union and their impact on the market.
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Wallis, Patrick. "Medicines for London : the trade, regulation and lifecycle of London apothecaries, c.1610-c.1670." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249899.
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Morgan, Emily Kathryn. ""True Types of the London Poor": Adolphe Smith and John Thomson's Street Life in London." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/255192.
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In February 1877, publisher Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington began release of a monthly serial called Street Life in London, by journalist Adolphe Smith and photographer John Thomson. The work aimed to reveal to readers, through novel use of photographic illustrations combined with essays, the conditions of a life of poverty in London. Appearing also as a book in late 1877, Street Life in London did not achieve commercial success in either format and was cancelled after just one year's run. This dissertation aims to demonstrate how Street Life in London was subject to and shaped by a variety of interests and forces, to understand why it failed, and to place it within the overarching contexts of Victorian social exploration and street typology. Historians of photography have justifiably praised Street Life in London as a foundational work of socially-conscious photography, John Thomson's images breaking--sometimes radically--with prior models for depiction of the poor. But they have tended to regard it primarily as a book rather than a serial, and primarily as a book of photographs, not a publication in which text and image work in concert. This dissertation examines the vital contributions of both Adolphe Smith and John Thomson, combining close reading of images, text and sequencing throughout the serial publication to treat the work as a photo-text. It reinscribes the work within the contexts of both authors' overall careers, relates it to prior pictorial and literary models for representation of poverty, and demonstrates the roles of other players such as the publisher and critics in shaping the publication. Ultimately this study places Street Life in London within a matrix of Victorian discourses on poverty, photography, and typology, among others, demonstrating that it was contingent, conflicted, and ultimately incomplete: a flawed but fascinating commentary on the complex and multifarious Victorian era from which it emerged.
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Morin, Nathan L. ""Some might say it is not really busking" : the impact of the Carling Busking Scheme in London, England." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1397645.
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Artists have been performing on city streets since the rise of the first ones. Their performances throughout this time period have been shown to have several characteristics that have formed the basis for a model that frames most contemporary street performances. Previous studies suggest that to regulate street performers would be antithetical to this model. However, no study to date has tested these assertions. In order to determine if a licensed street performance is consistent with the prevailing model, I traveled to London, England to work closely with the performers and administrators of a newly introduced licensing scheme on the London Underground. The data shows that these licensed performers do indeed fit the model because the regulations — in the form of place-time-manner restrictions - have preserved a street performer's sense of freedom.Department of Anthropology
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Murray, Anthony Joseph. "London Irish Fictions Diaspora and Identity in Literary Representations of the Post-War Irish in London." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522127.
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Atkinson, Hugh. "The rise and fall of the London new urban left in London Labour politics 1976-1987." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336383.
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Ogden, Vanessa J. "Making sense of policy in London secondary education : what can be learned from the London Challenge?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020696/.
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This thesis presents an examination of the policy process in education, focusing on the London Challenge as an exemplifying case study. The policy problem of the London Challenge was the poorer performance of London secondary schools . compared to other regions and considerable between-school variation. Social polarisation was intensified by the relationship between education, 'place' and social disadvantage and so the London Challenge was designed to intervene in this situation. A critique of the London Challenge policy over the course of its eight year life is presented in the thesis, identifying that a significant shift in the leadership of the policy - from policy-maker to practitioner - took place as it evolved, altering the character of the policy. The thesis finds that practitioners, especially headteachers, played a central role in the success of the London Challenge because they re-shaped the policy as they implemented it. An examination of the policy process of the London Challenge follows, together with an empirical study in this thesis. They show that there was a gradual ceding of power from policy-makers to headteachers and London Challenge advisers who led the policy's implementation. It created a 'high trust I high accountability' model for education policy-making which paired professional autonomy and expertise with accountability to government for improvement in London's secondary schools. This took place within a framework of conditions that required shared moral purpose, strong leadership, high challenge with an openness to supportive and fair datainformed scrutiny and a regional commitment to collegial partnership. The thesis concludes that what can be learned from the London Challenge is that 'mature' self-improving education systems should provide the right conditions for headteachers to act as system leaders with the transformative power to create and lead education policy to the benefit of all a region's schools and its children.
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Sergio, Ampuero Felix. "Properties in n-component London Superconductors." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220328.
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Davies, James Quail. "A musical souvenir : London in 1829." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244877.
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This thesis involves a 'thick description' of music and musical representation in a single year: 1829. The context for the study is London, although the city has been approached less as a metropolitan than as a cosmopolitan centre, a global capital with global significance. This is a cultural history of music presented as a montage of case studies formed around musical events. Cases have been selected both with the general contrast of the group and the variety of musical types available to the description in mind (concert music, or major and minor theatrical forms). The potential of each event to have meaning beyond itself (to be representative) has been a third consideration, since cases are discussed in terms of broader historical, political and cultural flows. Newspapers, playbills, manuscript scores, almanacs, handbills, memoirs, journals, diaries and other ephemera have been used both to locate and frame evidence. The montage of cut-outs, in other words, forms an ensemble of partial histories, a picture of the intricately textured life of musical London. Cases are as follows: the final performances of a castrato analysed in terms of the emergence of the biological sciences and shifts in the history of the voice; a danced Beethoven symphony discussed in terms of ballet and concert trends; a colonial melodrama dealt with from the perspective of the postcolonial critic; an exploration of how new ways of imagining the city relate to new ways of imagining symphonic discourse; female duet-singing approached in light of psychoanalysis and gender studies; and the exchange of a musical annual looked at in view of the anthropology and philosophy of the gift. The use of the appellation 'A Musical Souvenir' in the title gestures towards the emergence of the 'music-annual form' in 1829, and - related to this - an emerging awareness of what I call 'year-historical situatedness'.
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Gasparre, Apollonia. "Advanced laboratory characterisation of London Clay." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45389.
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New findings about the geology of London Clay (King, 1981) have highlighted the importance of investigating the relationship between geology and engineering behaviour for stratified soils. Recent events, such as the Heathrow tunnel collapse in 1994 and the poorly predicted ground movements at St. James Park during the construction of the Jubilee line extension have also highlighted a local need to revise the general proprieties of the material with which engineers in London deal. This research aimed at finding a framework for the London Clay relating the engineering proprieties of this material to its geological features. High quality samples from different depths in London Clay were tested in their intact and reconstituted states using oedometer and advanced triaxial apparatus. The lithological units of the London Clay at the site have been accounted for in analysing the mechanical response of the clay. The structure and the nature of the clay from different strata were investigated microscopically and correlated with its large and small strain mechanical response. Shallower units showed a more open structure and higher clay content than deeper units. Samples from the same units had the same mechanical behaviour and engineering parameters, regardless their depth within the stratum, but differences were found between the different units, which reflected the differences in the nature and structure of clay from each stratum. The behaviour in both compression and shearing seemed to be dominated by the structure of the clay as well as by its nature, so that clay from units having a more packed and orientated structure showed a stiffer response and higher strengths than the clay from units with a more open structure. The behaviour of the clay was also investigated in the elastic region and the elastic parameters confirmed the effects of lithology on sample behaviour.
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Payne, Joyce Isabella. "The London Film-Makers' Co-operative." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522110.
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Almeroth-Williams, Thomas. "Horses & livestock in Hanoverian London." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19496/.
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In his classic study, Man and the Natural World (1983), Keith Thomas assumed and asserted that by 1800 the inhabitants of English cities had become largely isolated from animal life. My research challenges this assumption by highlighting the prevalence and influence of horses and other four-legged livestock in London in the period 1714–1837. This study represents a deliberate shift in historical enquiry away from the analysis of theoretical literature and debates concerning the rise of kindness and humanitarianism, towards the integration of animals into wider historiographies and a demonstration of how animals shaped urban life. Reasserting the need to unbound the social, my research places human interactions with non-human animals centre stage in London’s history to reassess key issues and debates surrounding the industrial and consumer revolutions; urbanization and industrialization; and social relations. Following an introductory section, Chapter one assesses the role played by urban husbandry in feeding the metropolitan population and asserts that Hanoverian London was a thriving agropolis. Chapter two challenges and complicates the orthodox assumption that steam substituted animal muscle power in the industrial revolution and asserts that equine power helped to make London a dynamic hub of trade and industry. Chapter three examines the metropolitan trades in meat on the hoof and horses. These were significant features of the consumer revolution and major sectors of the British economy which impacted heavily on London life. Chapter four asserts that equestrian recreation played a powerful role in metropolitan culture, both promoting and acting as an alluring alternative to, sociability. Chapter five examines the heavy demands which horses and other livestock placed on metropolitan infrastructures, and assesses the city’s remarkable investment in these animals. In my conclusion, I consider the significance of recalcitrant interactions between plebeian Londoners and non-human animals.
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Evans, Tanya. "Unmarried motherhood in eighteenth-century London." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480695.
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Raub, Jenifer. "Sarum liturgical printing in Tudor London." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/274ff82d-9801-d9a6-b9b6-9e8fc0aa8fbb/10/.
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O'Keefe, B. "Hindu family life in east London." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484110.
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Kennedy, David. "The economics of London bus tendering." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1997/.
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Following a period of rising costs, competitive tendering was introduced to the London bus industry in 1984. This thesis is an economic analysis of the impact of tendering on London bus services. Chapter 1 states the aims and objectives of the thesis in the context of the economics literature. The chapter is divided into two sections. In section 1 the literature is drawn upon to provide an economic interpretation of the state of the London bus industry prior to the introduction of tendering, and to provide an economic context for the introduction of tendering. In section 2 literature relating to the design of a tendering process is summarised. The focus is on the auction aspect of the tendering process and some important dimensions of contract specification. The impact of tendering on costs is analysed in chapter 2. Three questions are asked: What is the cost structure of the competitive London bus industry. Is there any evidence of strategic bidding behaviour as predicted by the auction theory literature. What level of cost saving can be attributed to tendering. The analysis is based on the full set of bid data from London bus tendering over the period 1985-1993 and is econometric in nature. The results are: there is no statistically significant difference in costs of operation between public and private sector operators under competition; bidding behaviour conforms to some features predicted by theoretical models; the estimated cost saving from tendering is 20%. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of tendering on the demand for bus travel in London. The relationship between demand and service quality is estimated, gains to tendering are attributed in accordance with the increased service quality due to tendering. A statistically significant relationship between demand and service quality is found. The lowest estimate of revenue gained due to tendering is 9.6 million over the period 1987-1992 in 1992 prices. Chapter 4 estimates the welfare gain due to tendering, defined as the sum of changes in producer and consumer surplus due to tendering. The estimated welfare gain due to tendering is between 90 and 380 million over the period 1987-1992 in 1992 prices. An appendix to this chapter analyses the relationship between welfare and the type of contract upon which tendering is based. It is argued that a cost contract is preferable to a bottom line contract. Chapter 5 is based on an in depth series of interviews with key actors in the London bus industry. The aim here was to find out things that cannot be inferred from the data. Areas discussed include: the extent to which tendering as opposed to other factors led to change in the London bus industry; the source of cost savings; the impact of tendering on Labour; problems associated with tendering. Interviews suggested that: cost savings stemmed from wage reductions and productivity gains; there are some problems with the bidding process; there is a tension between bus planners and some bus company managers. In certain cases the tendering authority offered contract for tender in bundles. Chapter 6 analyses this policy from theoretical and empirical perspectives and asks was it optimal for the tendering authority. It is concluded that the policy should not be used by London Transport. Finally, in chapter 7, an overall assessment of the tendering process is presented. The focus is on results and policy implications for bus tendering in London and competitive tendering in general.
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Tucker, Penelope. "Government and politics : London 1461-1483." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297286.
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This thesis discusses the nature of London's governmental and political system and the part played by the city in the political, commercial and legal life of the nation in the late fifteenth century. The first three chapters examine the city's electoral processes, the backgrounds of its most senior governors, and the relationships between its governing bodies and other civic organisations, such as the city companies. From this, it emerges that Edwardian London's political system was hierarchical rather than oligarchic, even though its governors were able to secure election to high office without following a lengthy civic cursus honorum. However, change was already under way, as the aldermen came to rely less on the wards and more on the companies for political support and legitimisation. The more oligarchical style of government clearly visible in the sixteenth century can be shown to have had its roots in the late fifteenth century. Chapters Four and Five examine the effectiveness of the city's financial organisations and system of law courts. In raising revenue for both civic and royal purposes, the city was relatively efficient, though its methods were ponderous and their effectiveness was heavily dependent on individual financial officers. The city's law courts remained busy and responsive to the needs of litigants, contributing to the effectiveness and prestige of civic government by their activities. In the final chapter, London's place in national and international political events is considered. The governors' normal aim was, above all, to protect the city's interests. Although London played an important role in the wider political scene, it had that role largely thrust upon it by others. This stance helped to prevent the city from mirroring the national tumults of the late fifteenth century.
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Oldland, John Rupert. "London clothmaking, c. 1270-c. 1550." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406519.
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This is a business history of clothmaking in London that begins with the earliest surviving records, the city Letter Books and concludes when cloth exports peaked in the 1550's. Towards the end of the thirteenth century London may have been the largest centre for weaving in the country and remained important until the end of the fourteenth century. In the fifteenth century it became the leading centre in the country for fmishing cloth. The city always had a small but successful dyeing industry that became very prosperous at the end of the fifteenth century, before declining in the sixteenth. The study follows clothmaking in London at three levels; the individual craftsman and his work, the six textile craft organizations in the city, the bure1lers, weavers, fullers, shearmen, dyers and, after 1528, the cloth workers , and the textile industry as a whole. The study examines why the individual crafts grew or declined, and how the London industry was affected by structural changes in textile production elsewhere in England and on the continent. It also comments on the way the crafts reacted to the problems they faced. The introduction places London clothmaking in the European and English context, and discusses the significance and purpose of a study on clothmaking in late medieval and early modem London. The first chapter analyses the industry between 1270 and 1340 when the burellers were the most successful textile craft making the' cloth of Candlewick Street', and who then faded with the transition from weaving worsted and serge to woollen cloths. The second chapter examines the growth of woollens' production between 1325 and 1420 and the improving economic position of the weavers and fullers until they succumbed to lower cost rural manufacturers. The third chapter discusses the nature of the work of the cloth fmishers, the fullers and the shearmen, and provides an overview of their growing importance through an analysis of their wills and the alnage records. The fourth chapter studies the dyers throughout the period, but concentrates on their success at the end of the fifteenth century and decline in the early sixteenth century. The fifth chapter covers the growth in numbers, wealth and importance of the cloth finishers, the fullers and shearmen, their internal problems and conflicts with the merchants. The sixth chapter traces the growing mercantile element within the cloth finishing crafts and the events leading up to the amalgamation of the fullers and shearmen as clothworkers in 1528. The seventh chapter examines the first twenty-five years of the clothworkers' company, and specifically explores the mercantile success of its leading members, and the growing wealth and political influence of the company. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the competitive forces that controlled, not just the total industry, but the success or failure of the individual crafts and their members, and provides some observations on the way that the masters and journeymen managed to cooperate, and at times conflicted, in their continual struggle to remain competitive and to provide themselves with a secure livelihood.
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Dennis, Frank. "The evolution of London chalk groundwater." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283633.
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The chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater from 53 sites in the London area was determined as part of a project aimed at assessing the spatial variation in age of Chalk groundwater, and determining the relationship between fracture and matrix groundwater in this dual porosity system. Systematic changes in groundwater chemistry take place in the downgradient direction in response to several chemical processes. These processes include early concentration by evaporation and congruent dissolution of calcite, and widespread incongruent dissolution and ion exchange in addition to local oxidation-reduction reactions, gypsum dissolution and saline intrusion. As a result of the above processes, Chalk groundwater follows an evolutionary path from calcium bicarbonate type to sodium sulphate bicarbonate or sodium chloride bicarbonate type groundwaters. The age of Chalk groundwater was modelled using 4He, 14C and tritium concentrations. This work indicated that there is a general increase in groundwater age in a downgradient direction with the oldest water found in the Hammersmith area. Groundwater in the unconfined zones and in an area south of the Greenwich fault is almost entirely of unevolved, modern composition. With the exception of several sites adjacent to the axis of the Basin, Chalk groundwater in the south Basin is generally less than 10,000 years old. Groundwater in the north Basin is generally between 10,000 and 25,000 years old. This implies that while Chalk groundwater in the south of the Basin is Holocene in age, groundwater in the north is mainly of late Pleistocene age. The above conclusion is confirmed by the palaeorecharge temperatures which were calculated from noble gas contents. These calculations indicate that southern groundwaters yield typical Holocene temperatures of 9-12 °c, whereas those in the north are characterized by average recharge temperatures of 5-8 °C. The results of age modelling imply that average linear groundwater velocities in the Basin are equivalent to those related to matrix flow. These values are several orders of magnitude lower than those related to well test analysis and imply that there is a significant interplay between matrix and fracture groundwater. This conclusion is confirmed by analysis of stable chlorine isotopes which indicates that diffusion processes are active in the Chalk groundwater system. A model of the development of the Chalk recognises that it is a classic dual porosity aquifer in which groundwater flow occurs predominantly in the fracture system. The upper 50 m of the aquifer was flushed with fresh water during the 2-3 million years of the Pleistocene and therefore meteoric water largely replaced the Tertiary and Cretaceous marine water that previously saturated the system. Most processes which control the chemistry of the groundwater occur in the matrix where the surface area is exceptionally high. Although fracture flow dominates the flow regime, diffusion from the matrix into the fracture porosity controls the chemistry of Chalk groundwater.
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Henderson, A. R. "Female prostitution in London, 1730 - 1830." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318132.
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Dixon, Simon Neil. "Quaker communities in London, 1667-c1714." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431027.
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