Journal articles: 'London, Treaty of, 1867'

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Martin, Ged. "Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867-1877, by Jill St. GermainIndian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867-1877, by Jill St. Germain. Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska and London, University of Nebraska Press, 2001. xxii, 243 pp. $45.00 US (cloth), $29.95 US (paper)." Canadian Journal of History 39, no. 1 (April 2004): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.39.1.217.

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Rose, Edward. "British pioneers of the geology of Gibraltar, Part 1: the artilleryman Thomas James (ca 1720-1782); infantryman Ninian Imrie of Denmuir (ca 1752-1820); and ex-militiaman James Smith of Jordanhill (1782-1867)." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 252–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.2.y46w1v7758755766.

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The rocky peninsula of Gibraltar juts south from Spain at the western entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Long famous as a landmark, it was ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and progressively developed as a naval and military base. Thomas James, a Royal Artillery officer stationed on Gibraltar from 1749 to 1755, was the first member of the British garrison to publish geological observations on the Rock, within a book of 1771 completed in New York. His military career culminated after active service against revolutionary Americans, finally in the rank of major-general, but with no further known contributions to geology. The Scotsman Ninian Imrie of Denmuir, an officer of the First Regiment of Foot (The Royal Scots), served on Gibraltar within the period 1784 to 1793, and was the first to publish an account specifically on its geology, in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1798. A career soldier, he achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel before retiring to Scotland, and to amateur geological studies influenced by active membership of Edinburgh's Wernerian Natural History Society. James Smith of Jordanhill, near Glasgow, served in Great Britain in the Renfrewshire Militia during the Napoleonic Wars but, benefiting from a family fortune, later spent much time as a yachtsman and scholar of wide interests and influence. His studies on Gibraltar, published by the Geological Society of London in 1846, were the first to attempt a tectonic interpretation of the Rock's geological history, and to record local evidence for Quaternary sea level change.

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Chin, Rachel. "History and Foreign Policy: Franco-British Cooperation towards Greek Independence 1828–1830." Britain and the World 14, no. 2 (September 2021): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2021.0370.

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On 6 July 1827 the Treaty of London committed France, Britain, and Russia to working together to mediate the question of Greek independence. This was one of the first examples of Franco-British cooperation after the Napoleonic Wars. Although officials on both sides of the Channel publicly celebrated Franco-British cooperation over the Greek affair, behind closed doors policy makers remained suspicious of each other's intentions. This article explores how the memory and experience of the Napoleonic conflict influenced French and British policy making during the Greek independence struggle between 1828 and 1830. It argues that the memories of these conflicts fostered cultures of Franco-British rivalry that were discernible in the highest levels of policy making as well as in parliamentary and press opinion. These misgivings, embedded in notions of natural and historic rivalry, played an important role in mediating how policy makers viewed, judged, responded to, and justified their own and their counterpart's policies and policy motivations.

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Fletcher, Ned, and Dame Sian Elias. ""A Collusive Suit to ""Confound the Rights of Property Through the Length and Breadth of the Colony""?: Busby v White (1859) "." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i3.5215.

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In Busby v White, James Busby sought to challenge the validity of the Land Claims Ordinance 1841 which treated his pre-Treaty of Waitangi land purchases as "null and void". He had campaigned against the New South Wales statute which preceded the Ordinance, and throughout the 1840s continued to argue against the legislation through political channels, while maintaining his claim to hold the lands under his "native title". By the 1850s holding by "native title" was increasingly precarious as the Government moved to acquire Busby's lands for the purposes of settlement. Busby was forced to law. His aim was to set up the validity of the legislation as a question of law which could be taken to the Privy Council for authoritative resolution. Busby v White was the second attempt to establish a platform for appeal. As in his earlier claim, Busby v McKenzie, the Supreme Court avoided a determination on the merits, thus thwarting Busby's strategy of appealing to London. Although no substantive decision was delivered, the extensive argument was fully reported in The Southern Cross newspaper, from which the Lost Cases Project has recovered it. Its interest today is in arguments which question the course set by R v Symonds (1847) on the nature of native property in New Zealand and the subsequent relegation of the Treaty of Waitangi to legal limbo in Wi Parata v Bishop of Wellington (1877).

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Fedorova, E. S. "The Diplomat, Strategist, Intelligence Officer, Historian — in the Service of Russia. Prince Alexey Borisovich Lobanov-Rostovsky." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 6, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2022-3-23-83-106.

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The article is devoted to the life and various aspects of the activities of the outstanding diplomat Prince Alexey B. Lobanov-Rostovsky (1824–1896). The name of Lobanov-Rostovsky was not mentioned in literature until the first decade of the 21st century. Then Lobanov began to be remembered thanks to the efforts of his descendant Prince Nikita D. Lobanov-Rostovsky who initiated a number of studies about the prominent diplomat. A fundamental monograph on Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky has now been prepared. His international activity as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary took place at the most difficult political points at that time — twice in Constantinople (1859–1863; 1878–1879), as well as in London (1879–1882) and Vienna (1882–1895). He always managed to solve the most pressing problems of his time using skillful diplomatic tools. He received the post of Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs during the challenging period of restructuring of social and public institutions in Russia. It was the era of the so called Great Reforms of Emperor Alexander II. By offering him this position, the emperor took into account Prince’s intellectual scale, strategic foresight and tactical flexibility. During 11 years of activity in this field (1867–1878), Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky often performed the duties of a minister. During this time, the legal norms of the state and its relations with society significantly improved. In 1870, Alexey B. Lobanov-Rostovsky received the honorary position of State-Secretary of His Imperial Majesty, that is, the emperor's personal speaker, the position he held until the end of his life. Both Emperor Alexander II and Nicholas II treated Lobanov-Rostovsky with special warmth. Lobanov-Rostovsky managed to conclude the Russian-Turkish final Peace Treaty of 1879, which put an end to the war between Russia and Turkey. This agreement gave Russia significant moral and material results and marked the beginning of the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria, that led to Bulgarian statehood. Lobanov-Rostovsky’s work as Foreign Minister for 18 months (1895–1896) brought Russia fruitful results on the world stage and was highly appreciated both in Russia and in the world. The article talks about the different sides of the prince’s extraordinary personality. A true polymath, proficient in the Russian antiquity, he became a bibliophile, collector, genealogist and historian. He carefully commented on the historical documents he discovered and for 14 years (1871–1885) systematically published in special historical journals. The article examines the memoirs of contemporaries about the diplomat, as well as the latest research about him.

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Gkiourtzidis, Agathangelos. "Greco-Serbian Treaty of 1867 and the role of Russian diplomacy." Slavianovedenie, no. 5 (2021): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869544x0016719-3.

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The Greco-Serbian Treaty of 1867 is the second attempt to create a military coalition of Christian states in the Balkans, aimed at fighting a common enemy ‒ the Ottoman Empire. The agreement reflected the irredentist policy of the two states in solving the Eastern question, the purpose of which was to expel the Turks from the European continent and prevent the seizure of the Balkan territories by the Great Powers.Russia closely followed and moreover, actively influenced the negotiation process, which revealed a serious conflict of interests around the issue of border delimitation in Macedonia.The study highlights three key issues. The first concerns Russia's position on the provisions of the Greco-Serbian Treaty affecting Russian interests. The second has to do with the details of the negotiation process related to the future territorial division of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire and in particular Macedonia and the Bulgarian population living in the northern part of this territory. The third is devoted to the examination of the intermediary role of Russian diplomats.

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Nadoveza, Branko. "The secret of the London contract from 1915." Bastina, no. 56 (2022): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina32-33457.

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The Treaty of London of April 1915 was primarily provided for an expansion of Italy and its access to the Entente and a break with the Central Powers. The Treaty of London did not mention the creation of a "Greater Serbia", but what Italy will gain and what will remain for Serbia and Yugoslavian peoples within Austria-Hungary. Bulgaria and its compensations in Macedonia are especially included in that agreement, to the detriment of Serbia. The Treaty of London was secret and was therefore rejected in Versailles. Its ideas were only partially realized. It was an important military, political and moral issue. The ideas of the Treaty of London were a subject of speculation.

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8

Smith, Dwight L., and Jill St Germain. "Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867-1877." Western Historical Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2002): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144819.

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Castile, G. P. "Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867-1877." Ethnohistory 49, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-49-2-441.

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Wunder, John R., and Jill St Germain. "Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867-1877." Journal of American History 89, no. 2 (September 2002): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3092236.

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11

Степанов, Олег A. "Exploring the Dualism of Law and its Ramification: а Focus on Arctic Subsoil Exploitation." Russian Journal of Legal Studies (Moscow) 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2024): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls626795.

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This article analyzes the problem of legal dualism and its ramifications, particularly considering the increased interest of states in exploiting the Arctic subsoil. This article examines the unilateral announcement of the United States government to extend the continental shelf off the coast of Alaska in the Arctic and the Bering Sea, citing provisions from the Russian-American Convention of March 29, 1867, as a prime example of legal dualism. Within this framework, seemingly contradictory concepts are treated as law. The procedural aspects of the treaty that transferred Alaska to the physical administration of the U.S. are analyzed alongside the reasons for the absence of an established border between the U.S. and the Russian Federation. The legal ambiguity surrounding the 1867 treaty, which remains incompletely formalized and thus generates corresponding consequences, is considered. Additionally, this article analyzes actions by the U.S. administration in response to Texas’ claims of secession from the U.S., rooted in differing local and federal interpretations of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the implications of the temporary ban on issuing new export permits for U.S. liquefied natural gas. A solution is proposed to address the adverse effects of legal dualism in this domain by using digital financial assets.

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12

Studin, Irvin. "The Strategic Constitution in Action: Canada's Afghan War as a Case Study." German Law Journal 13, no. 5 (May 2012): 419–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200020575.

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What does the Canadian Constitution have to say (or not say) about Canada's recent war in Afghanistan? The question seems intellectually natural, but has seldom been asked – not least because in Canada, the fields of constitutional law and foreign affairs, in both scholarship and praxis, are often near-perfect strangers. The seldom examined second recital of the preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867 (once the British North America Act,1867, and hereafter the ‘1867 Act'), reads that the “Union would conduce to the Welfare of the Provinces and promote the Interests of the British Empire.” The only provision of the 1867 Act that explicitly references foreign affairs is section 132, although it speaks to the implementation by Canada (legislative and executive branches) ofimperialor British Empire treaty obligations. One can therefore propose with reasonable certainty that both the character and paucity of explicit language onstrategyin the text of the founding legal document of the modern Canadian state betray a fundamental reality: that Canada,constitutionally speaking, was never intended or expected to be a power player of any note in the world, but, rather, was constituted as a strategic appendage orauxiliary kingdomof the British Empire— its instruments and interests subsumed to the strategic designs and direction of Westminster.

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13

Logt, Mark van de. "Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867-1877 (review)." American Indian Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2001): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2001.0037.

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14

Markovich, Slobodan. "History of Hellenic-Serbian (Yugoslav) alliances from Karageorge to the Balkan Pact 1817-1954." Balcanica, no. 51 (2020): 143–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc2051143m.

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The paper provides a review of efforts to make Serbian-Hellenic alliances and formal agreements since the last years of Karageorge?s life within the context of the relations between Serbia and Greece, and later between Yugoslavia and Greece. The circumstances that led to the signing of six formal alliances have been analysed including their content and scope. Out of the six alliances, four were bilateral, and two were Balkan (1934, 1953/54). All of them have been reviewed both in the bilateral and Balkan context. The following agreements have been analysed: The Treaty of Alliance and the Military Treaty from 1867/68, The Treaty of Alliance of the Kingdom of Serbia and the Hellenic Kingdom and the Military Convention of June 1, 1913, The Pact of Friendship, Conciliation and Judicial Settlement between Yugoslavia and Greece of 1929, the Balkan Pact (the Balkan Entente) of 1934, The Treaty on the Balkan Union between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Hellenic Kingdom of January 1942, the Balkan Pact of 1953/54. The issues related to the struggle of Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria about Macedonia and the question of the Serbian Free Zone of Salonica have also been discussed, as well as mutual relations during the Great War and at the beginning of the Cold War.

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Băncilă, Andi Mihail. "Hungarian Geopolitics during the interwar period." Euro-Atlantic Studies, no. 3 (2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/eas.2020.3.1.

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The end of the First World War produced a major reconfiguration of the political map of Europe. The three anachronistic empires that continued to exist in the Eastern part of the continent (Ottoman, Tsarist, and Austro-Hungarian) quickly disintegrated and gave way to a system of politically unstable nation-states. The Trianon Treaty signed in 1920 annulled the Hungarian multiethnic state formed by a context of circumstances in 1867 and sowed the seeds of the conflicts that followed. The Hungarians, the main losers of the peace treaty, developed a real cult for the Hungarian "millennial" state and tried to identify solutions for its recreation. Geopolitics, a rising science at that time, became the main instrument of Hungarian revisionism and created the necessary conditions for the renegotiation of borders at the beginning of the Second World War.

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16

Turvey, Ralph. "Office Rents in the City of London, 1867–1910." London Journal 23, no. 2 (November 1998): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ldn.1998.23.2.53.

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17

Claus, Peter. "Languages of Citizenship in the City of London 1848–1867." London Journal 24, no. 1 (May 1999): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ldn.1999.24.1.23.

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18

Murphy, Elaine. "The Lunacy Commissioners and the East London Guardians, 1845–1867." Medical History 46, no. 4 (October 2002): 495–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300069714.

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Kawada, Minoru. "Hamaguchi Osachi and the London Naval Treaty of 1930." Journal of Human Environmental Studies 2, no. 1 (2004): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4189/shes.2.1_37.

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Bartlomiej. "Innovative Arrangements of Waste Management Environment Strategy: The Case of London." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIII, Special Issue 1 (November 1, 2020): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1867.

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21

Steward, Donald I., and Hugh S. Torrens. "Lost & Found: 182. [Cornelius] Cartwright (of Dudley) [?-1867/1868]." Geological Curator 4, no. 8 (June 1987): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc835.

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Murchison paid tribute to the collection of local fossils possessed by a Mr Cartwright, an eminent surgeon of Dudley, and to his local geological knowledge (pp.492, 498); the subscribers list includes 'Cartwright, W.H,, Esq., Dudley', but in Murchison's (1842) Inaugural Address.. .at.. .the Dudley and Midland Geological Society (published by R. and J.E. Taylor, London) three members of this Cartwright family are named: 1. Cornelius Cartwright Esq. of Dudley is listed as having donated or lent material to the embryonic Dudley Museum and as a first Trustee of the new Society; he was elected a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of London 1804, was Mayor of Dudley 1821 and died 1867-1868 (Calendar of the...

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22

Sylburska, Aleksandra. "Próby wzmocnienia pozycji Królestwa Węgier w epoce dualizmu w ocenie publicystów „Huszadik Század” (1900-1919)." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 21, no. 3 (December 2023): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2023.3.7.

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On June 4th, 1920, in Trianon, Hungary signed the peace treaty, due to which it lost 2/3 of its lands and 1/3 of its population. This meant the disintegration of the Kingdom of Hungary, whose strong position was sought-after by the Hungarian political elite in 1867-1920. The author of the article analyses the three stages of this project implementation, including the attempts to create a unified Hungarian nation, modernization of Zalitavia and the struggle to maintain the borders after the end of the World War I. The facts known from numerous studies were confronted with the opinions of the most important critics of the ruling elites of that time, journalists of the periodical „Huszadik Század”.

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23

Devaney, Steven. "Trends in office rents in the City of London: 1867–1959." Explorations in Economic History 47, no. 2 (April 2010): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2009.11.001.

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24

Rice, Adrian C., and Robin J. Wilson. "From National to International Society: The London Mathematical Society, 1867–1900." Historia Mathematica 25, no. 2 (May 1998): 185–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/hmat.1998.2198.

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25

Williams, R. B. "The palaeontologist William Hellier Baily (1819-1888): new biographical information." Geological Curator 10, no. 8 (November 2017): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc249.

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A biographical account, previously published in The Geological Curator in 2009, of the palaeontologist William Hellier Baily (1819-1888) has already addressed his struggle for advancement in the Geological Survey of Ireland, and various aspects of his publication of Figures of Characteristic British Fossils ([1867]-1875). Further light, revealed by documents recently discovered in the Geological Society of London archives and the Linnean Society of London library, is now cast on those matters.

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26

BREURE, ABRAHAM S. H., and JONATHAN D. ABLETT. "An ironic twist of fate: replacement name for Stenogyra gracilenta Morelet, 1885, not Achatina gracilenta Morelet, 1867 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Achatinidae)." Zootaxa 4418, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4418.3.8.

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During work on a monograph of Morelet’s contributions to malacology (Breure, Audibert & Ablett, forthcoming) we found that two of his newly introduced taxa currently have to be considered as homonyms belonging to the genus Subulina H. Beck, 1837 (classified within the family Achatinidae according to Fontanilla et al. (2017: 385)). The older taxon is Achatina gracilenta which was described by Morelet (1867: 79, pl. 7 fig. 2) from [Angola] “Golungo-Alto, au bord du Rio Quiapose, près de Sange; les environs de Lopollo (district de Huilla)”. According to Naggs (1990a: 31; also pers. comm. 10 October 2017) this species has to be classified as Subulina gracilenta (Morelet, 1867). The type material of this species is present in the Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK 1893.2.4.263–265). The younger taxon was described by Morelet (1885: 25, pl. 2 fig. 8) as Stenogyra gracilenta from [Gabon] “environs de Mayumba”. Pilsbry (1906: 82) already recognised this as Subulina gracilenta (Morelet, 1885); Naggs (pers. comm. 10 October 2017) confirmed this classification and concluded that this taxon is a junior secondary homonym of Achatina gracilenta Morelet, 1867. Type material for Stenogyra gracilenta Morelet, 1885 has not been located. We here propose Subulina bruggenorum nom. nov. as a replacement name for Stenogyra gracilenta Morelet, 1885 (not Achatina gracilenta Morelet, 1867).

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Knight, Robert. "The Austrian State Treaty and Beyond." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001060.

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Gerald Stourzh, Um Einheit und Freiheit. Staatsvertrag, Neutralität und das Ende der Ost-West-Besetzung Österreichs 1945–1955 (4. völlig überarbeitete und wesentlich erweiterte Auflage), Studien zu Politik und Verwaltung 62 (Vienna/Cologne/Graz: Böhlau, 1998), 834 pp., ISBN 3-205-98383-1. Günter Bischof, Austria in the First Cold War, 1945–55. The Leverage of the Weak (Basingstoke/London: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, 1999), 237 pp., ISBN 0-333-72547-6. Lothar Höbelt, Von der vierten Partei zur Dritten Kraft. Die Geschichte des VdU (Graz/Stuttgart: Leopold Stocker Verlag, 1999), 303 pp., ISBN 3-702-00866-7. Anton Pelinka, Austria. Out of the Shadow of the Past, Nations of the Modern World: Europe (Boulder/Oxford: Westview, 1998), 256 pp., ISBN 0-813-32918-3.

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Bussotti, Lucca. "The Southern African Development Community Treaty-Nexus; Integration in the Southern African Development Community Region." Revista de Estudos AntiUtilitaristas e PosColoniais 13 (January 31, 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2179-7501.2023.261450.

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The Southern African Development Community Treaty-Nexus; Integration in the Southern African Development Community Region; Edts: K. Gombe Adar, D. Mpabanga, K. Lotshwao, T. Molokwane, N. Musekiwa. London: Lexington Book, 2023.

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CAMPOS, LUIZ ALEXANDRE, and TALITA ROELL. "Nomenclatural changes in Ochlerini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae)." Zootaxa 4434, no. 1 (June 14, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.12.

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Several nomenclatural problems were found while studying the types of Ochlerini in the Natural History Museum, London. These problems are addressed and corrected: Hemingius Distant, 1899 syn. nov. is removed from the synonymy with Moncus Stål, 1867, and considered a new junior synonym of Ochlerus Spinola, 1837; Ochlerus scaber Walker, 1867 is removed from the synonymy with Ochlerus obscurus Dallas, 1851, and it is proposed as a senior synonym of Ochlerus cotylophorus Breddin, 1910 syn. nov. Herrichella Distant, 1911 is a senior synonym of Alitocoris Sailer, 1950 syn. nov., with the resulting new combinations: Herrichella grandis (Garbelotto & Campos, 2013) comb. nov., Herrichella lateralis (Garbelotto & Campos, 2013) comb. nov., Herrichella ornata (Garbelotto & Campos, 2013) comb. nov., and Herrichella schraderi (Sailer, 1950) comb. nov. A key for the species of Herrichella is also given. Eritrachys antennata (Distant, 1911) comb. nov. is a senior synonym of Eritrachys bituberculata Ruckes, 1959 syn. nov. Phereclus punctatus (Dallas, 1851) is transferred to the genus Lincus Stål, 1867 as Lincus punctatus (Dallas, 1851) comb. nov.

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Legge, John. "The Colonial Office and Governor Ord." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29, no. 1 (March 1998): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400021445.

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Sir Harry Ord, first Governor of the Straits Settlements after their transfer from the Government of India to the Colonial Office in 1867, found himself continually at odds with the Colonial Office. The irritable exchanges between Singapore and London throw light on Colonial Office perceptions of the procedures appropriate to Crown Colony government in a new imperial age.

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Speak, Peter. "William Speirs Bruce: Scottish nationalist and polar explorer." Polar Record 28, no. 167 (October 1992): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400028011.

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ABSTRACTWilliam Speirs Bruce (1867–1921) had two consuming passions throughout almost the whole of his life: Scottish nationalism and polar science. His early life in London and Edinburgh is seen as a prelude to polar oceanographic exploration, culminating in the success of the Scotia Antarctic expedition, 1902–04. His later life was frustrated by the limited achievements of the Scottish Spitsbergen Syndicate (which was founded to exploit the mineral resources of Svalbard), by a perceived prejudice against him in government and professional societies in London, and by the lack of support for his Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory.

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WILKS, ANN. "The 1921 Anglo-Afghan Treaty: How Britain's ‘man on the spot’ shaped this agreement." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000421.

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AbstractThis article explores the part played by Sir Henry Dobbs, the ‘man on the spot’, in shaping the 1921 Anglo-Afghan Treaty. The treaty provisions being negotiated were important to the security of the Indian frontier, internally and internationally, as they defined the formal relationship between India and Afghanistan right through until Indian independence. In contrast with existing accounts, the analysis presented here contends that Dobbs did have a significant influence both on the negotiating process and on the eventual result. It demonstrates how in his role as chief negotiator Dobbs drew on experience and techniques that he had earlier acquired as a political officer in frontier areas. His aim seems to have been to influence matters so that the treaty would deliver on what he regarded as important while giving away nothing that he thought damaging. The article thus sheds light on how—in a novel and volatile context—Dobbs handled differing views in London and Delhi, and negotiated with the Amir. Given the necessary authority by the British Government, he finally arrived at an agreement accepted by the various parties—Afghans, the Viceroy and the British Government in London. The source for this revised perspective on the negotiations and fuller understanding of his role are Dobbs’ recently-discovered letters and private papers, previously unavailable to historians, together with a re-examination of official sources prompted by this new material.

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Mohr, Thomas. "George Gavan Duffy and the legal consequences of the Anglo Irish Treaty, 1921–1923." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 73, AD2 (October 6, 2022): 55–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v73iad2.964.

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George Gavan Duffy (1882–1951) was a signatory of the 1921 ‘Anglo Irish Treaty’. In the 1930s he enjoyed a notable judicial career and would rise to the position of President of the High Court of Ireland. This article examines a more neglected period of Gavan Duffy’s career. It focuses on his brief parliamentary career as a TD in the early 1920s and, in particular, his involvement in the creation of the Constitution of the Irish Free State. This analysis also examines the reasons for the divergence of Gavan Duffy’s position from that held by other signatories and supporters of the 1921 Treaty. By late 1922 Gavan Duffy had emerged as a determined critic of the Provisional Government and of the draft Constitution of the Irish Free State that emerged from negotiations in London. This analysis focuses on Gavan Duffy’s attempts to amend provisions of the draft Constitution that he believed went further than the strict legal demands of the 1921 Treaty. The conclusion assesses Gavan Duffy’s attitude towards the legal consequences of the 1921 Treaty and his attempts to mitigate their impact on the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State.

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Mohr, Thomas. "George Gavan Duffy and the legal consequences of the Anglo Irish Treaty, 1921–1923." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 74, no. 2 (September 4, 2023): 323–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v74i2.1098.

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George Gavan Duffy (1882–1951) was a signatory of the 1921 ‘Anglo Irish Treaty’. In the 1930s he enjoyed a notable judicial career and would rise to the position of President of the High Court of Ireland. This article examines a more neglected period of Gavan Duffy’s career. It focuses on his brief parliamentary career as a TD in the early 1920s and, in particular, his involvement in the creation of the Constitution of the Irish Free State. This analysis also examines the reasons for the divergence of Gavan Duffy’s position from that held by other signatories and supporters of the 1921 Treaty. By late 1922 Gavan Duffy had emerged as a determined critic of the Provisional Government and of the draft Constitution of the Irish Free State that emerged from negotiations in London. This analysis focuses on Gavan Duffy’s attempts to amend provisions of the draft Constitution that he believed went further than the strict legal demands of the 1921 Treaty. The conclusion assesses Gavan Duffy’s attitude towards the legal consequences of the 1921 Treaty and his attempts to mitigate their impact on the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State.

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Thomas, Monica E. "The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act: conflict and controversy." Polar Record 23, no. 142 (January 1986): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740000677x.

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ABSTRACTPending land claims by Alaska Natives were extinguished by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971. This act marked the culmination of more than 100 years of expressed Federal concern for protection of land rights of aboriginal peoples within the region, starting with the 1867 Treaty of Cession. The Federal legislation provided both a cash and a land settlement, and mandated creation of corporations to manage the resulting assets. Two amendments, in 1976 and 1980, attempted to alleviate certain problems arising from the original act. Nonetheless, many difficulties with the act itself are becoming more apparent as the 1990s approach, and certain sections of the act such as taxation and stock alienation become activated. This paper discusses the major events leading to passage of the act, key provisions of the act, and the major controversies and conflicts facing Alaska Natives through the next two decades as a result of the legislation.

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Ruckshana, Azeez, Veldmeijer Claire, Lomax Paul, and O’Brien Aileen. "The surrey county lunatic asylum-an overview of some of the first admissions in 1863-1867." Archives of Psychiatry and Mental Health 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.apmh.1001039.

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In the 19th Century in much of Western Europe and North America the number and size of asylums increased hugely. In London, there was a wave of new asylums built in response to the 1808 County Asylums Act and the 1845 Lunacy Act, which required publicly funded care for those deemed mentally unwell. One such asylum was the Surrey County Lunatic Asylum which was built on the grounds which now house Springfield University Hospital in South West London. This paper describes the admission records from Surrey County Lunatic Asylum, between 1863-1867, from information stored in the London Metropolitan Archives. Although the terminology is different from that of today’s, the picture the records paint is of an institution aiming at recovery rather than long-term incarceration which can be how asylums are now remembered. This more nuanced view is starting to be discussed more in public conversations about the topic. The optimism this may imbue is tempered by the shocking number of patients who died within the institution.

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Altuğ, Yılmaz. "The United States Of America's Policies Towards Turkish Straits." Belleten 56, no. 215 (April 1, 1992): 167–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1992.167.

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One of the oldest, most persistent and important problems in European History and İnternational Law is the "Question of the Straits". More than twenty treaties in modern times mention the Turkish Straits. Five of these treaties were made exclusively to regulate passage through these waters: The London Agreement, 1841; Paris Straits Convention, 1856; London Convention, 1871; Lausanne Straits Convention, 1923; and the Treaty of Montreux, 1936. Phillipson and Buxton affirm that one of the causes of the First World War was the Straits problem.

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Isaacs, Nigel. "By-laws under the Municipal Corporations Act: building controls in the 1870s." Architectural History Aotearoa 15 (August 16, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v15i.8317.

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Although the Municipal Corporations Act 1867 was the first to permit local authorities to make by-laws which could impact on buildings, the coverage was expanded in the Municipal Corporations Acts of 1876 and 1886. The 1867 Act by-laws dealt with combustible materials in roofs and chimneys, distance between buildings, height and thickness of party and external walls, manufactory buildings and the erection of tents. The 1876 Act adds construction and materials of fireplaces, furnaces and chimneys, and the 1886 adds public health, lighting and gas and porters. The three top topics (by count) in the Acts were transport, sanitation and public facilities followed by buildings. The model codes provided in the Acts were inadequate for buildings, so by examination of three 1870s codes (Timaru, Auckland and Wellington) it is shown how the (London) Metropolitan Building Acts of 1844 and 1855 provided suitable details for practical by-laws. Links to Britain through imports of house construction technologies and materials are also discussed.

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Zou, Keyuan, and Lei Zhang. "Implementing the London Dumping Convention in East Asia." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00202004.

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In 1972, the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) was negotiated. It is a global treaty, for the first time, to regulate dumping of waste at sea worldwide. Following this global endeavor, the Protocol to the London Convention (London Protocol) was later agreed to further modernize the London Convention so as to reinforce the management of dumping of waste at sea. While in East Asia, only China, Japan, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Philippines have acceded to the Convention and its Protocol, other countries do not show their willingness to sign them. Against this background, this article will address the responses of these East Asian states to the implementation of the London Convention, and analyze and assess their relevant laws and regulations with particular reference to China’s practice. In addition, it will focus on new challenges, such as offshore carbon storage, to the London Convention.

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Fatma Silviana Fatimah. "KEGELISAHAN NATSUME SOSEKI DALAM TIGA CERITA DARI LONDON (RONDONTOU, RONDON SHOSOKU, DAN JITENSHA NIKKI)." Japanology: The Journal of Japanese Studies 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jjs.v8i1.51570.

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Natsume Soseki (1867-1916) sebagai salah seorang sastrawan besar Jepang di Zaman Modern perna mengalami pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan selama studinya di London Inggris. Dia mengalami perasaan cemas, ketakutan, dan marah yang saat ini kita sebut sebagai gegar budaya (culture shock). Melalui tiga karyanya yang berjudul Rondontou, Rondon Shousoku, dan Jitensha Nikki, peneliti telah menemukan beberapa fase gegar budaya yang dialami oleh tokoh utama “Aku”. Seperti yang disampaikan oleh Ward dalam teorinya tentang fase gegar budaya, yaitu (1) fase bulan madu, (2) fase kritis, (3) fase penyembuhan, dan (4) fase adaptasi, Soseki tidak mengalami fase pertama dan terakhir. Namun karena tanggungjawabnya terhadap tugas dari tanah air, ia mampu bertahan dua tahun sebelum mengakhiri studinya di luar negeri.

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Taylor, Antony. "“Commons-Stealers”, “Land-Grabbers” and “Jerry-Builders”: Space, Popular Radicalism and the Politics of Public Access in London, 1848–1880." International Review of Social History 40, no. 3 (December 1995): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113392.

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SummaryThis article places the campaign for rights of public access in London in context. It provides a structural analysis of the importance of public space in metropolitan radicalism, and in so doing explores prevailing assumptions about the different uses of such space in a provincial and metropolitan setting. Its chief focus is upon opposition to restrictions on rights of public meeting in Hyde Park in 1855 and 1866–1867, but it also charts later radical opposition to the enclosures of common-land on the boundaries of London and at Epping Forest in Essex. In particular it engages with recent debates on the demise of Chartism and the political composition of liberalism in an attempt to explain the persistence of an independent tradition of mass participatory political radicalism in the capital. It also seeks explanations for the weakness of conventional liberalism in London in the issues raised by the open spaces movement itself.

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WEI, SHUGE. "Beyond the Front Line: China's rivalry with Japan in the English-language press over the Jinan Incident, 1928." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 1 (March 27, 2013): 188–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000886.

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AbstractThis paper examines how China and Japan fought for supremacy in China's treaty-port English-language press during the Jinan Incident of 1928. It argues that China's defeat in this media battle was a result of the long-term, unsettled political conditions the country was experiencing. The constant changes of government thwarted China's official and non-official efforts to establish a national news network. The threat from the northern warlords and China's intricate relations with the imperialist powers deterred the Nanjing regime from formulating decisive foreign propaganda policies. In contrast, Japan, with a strong news network in China, quickly installed its version of the event in the media. Its response was fast, consistent, and intensive. Japan also took advantage of the Nanjing Incident to justify its actions in Jinan. Press opinion in the treaty ports towards the Jinan Incident was split, with the British press supporting the Japanese and American papers favouring China's case. However, Japanese accounts, with the endorsement of the British treaty-port papers, still dominated the reports in The Times of London and influenced the views of the Manchester Guardian and The New York Times.

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Tetley, William. "Canadian Interpretation and Construction of Maritime Conventions." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058170ar.

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In this article, the author first describes the essentially civilian nature and origin of maritime law in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, a point unfortunately overlooked in the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in the Buenos Aires Maru case [1986] 1 S.C.R. 752, but recognized in the judgement of the same Court in Chartwell Shipping Ltd v. Q.N.S. Paper, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 683. The article touches briefly on the federal jurisdiction over maritime law in Canada, the dual jurisdiction of the Federal Court and the superior courts of the provinces in maritime matters and the mixed civilian / common law system in Quebec. Consideration is then given to the Constitution Act, 1867, as interpreted by the much-criticized Labour Conventions decision of the Privy Council [1937] A.C. 326. The decision held that although the power to conclude international treaties and conventions in Canada is vested in the federal government alone, the enactment of the domestic legislation required to secure the implementation of such international agreements is not an exclusively federal matter, but may be a question of either federal or provincial competence, depending on the subject matter of the treaty or convention concerned. The author then reviews the principal rules of statutory interpretation which are provided for by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969. He points out that, notwithstanding Canada’s ratification of this Convention in 1970, Canadian courts still tend to apply traditional (and often narrow) techniques of statutory interpretation when called upon to construe treaty texts, rather than keeping the goals of the agreement and intent of the parties in view, as the Vienna Convention requires. He indicates, however, a more recent judicial trend towards a more liberal methodology, as evidenced in decisions like R. v. Palacios, (1984) 45 O.R. (2d) 269 (Ont. C.A.) The article concludes with a brief overview of the major statutory interpretation rules applied by Canadian courts in construing local laws and international agreements and some aids to such interpretation. Professor Tetley, as a last tribute, applauds what he sees to be the slowly emerging "general consensus" on statutory and treaty interpretation in Canada.

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Birkin-Feichtinger, Ingeborg. "„Dem Fürsten meinen Respekt!“ Neue Perspektiven zu David Poppers Löwenberger Jahren 1862 bis 1868." Studia Musicologica 48, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2007): 391–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.48.2007.3-4.7.

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David Popper wurde auf Empfehlung von Hans von Bülow als Nachfolger von Theodor Oswald in die Hofkapelle des Fürsten Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin von Hohenzollern-Hechingen zu Löwenberg in Schlesien ab Herbst 1862 aufgenommen. In dem Kapellmeister Max Seifriz fand er einen Förderer und Freund. Beginn seiner Konzerttätigkeit, die ihn ausgehend von seiner Heimatstadt Prag in viele deutsche Städte führte, z. B. Leipzig, Breslau, Berlin, Karlsruhe, Meiningen, Stuttgart, nach Wien, London und in die Schweiz. Im Dezember 1867 begannen die Verhandlungen mit Wien. Ab Oktober 1868 wurde Popper erster Violoncellist und Solospieler im Orchester des k. k. Hofoperntheaters in Wien.

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Fleming, Patricia. "Education and Training of Special Collections Professionals, Librarians, and Archivists in Canada." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.7.1.259.

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I would like to open with two recent national events. The first concerns Library and Archives Canada/Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (LAC/BAC), a new institution created by federal legislation proclaimed on May 21, 2004, in a merger of the National Archives and the National Library. The National Archives was the older of the two entities. Established in 1872, it was the first cultural agency created after Confederation in 1867. An active collector from the outset, the Archives maintained offices in London and Paris, collected documentary art, photographs, and artifacts (including war trophies during the First World War), as well as books . . .

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Silva, Fenelon. "Nomenclatura e terminologia da documentação." Revista do Serviço Público 83, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v83i2.3828.

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A história da Documentação que, na verdade, é a história da Bibliografia, nasceu nos meados do século X IX, quando foi sentida pelos cientistas a necessidade de se organizar internacionalmente a bibliografia nacional em outras bases que não fosse apenas a de autores, único instrumento até então usado. Assim é que em 1867 começou a aparecer o Catalogue of Scientific Papers em ordem alfabética por autor, organizado pela koyal Society of London em 1858. Com o objetivo de organizar um catálogo universal por assunto. Pau Otlet e Heyri LaFontain e fundaram, em Bruxelas, em 1893, o Office Intematinoal de Bibliogiaphie.

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Rzhevskaya, V. "THE ACTIVITIES OF THE KING OF ENGLAND HENRY VIII AND CARDINAL THOMAS WOLSEY AS PART OF THE "ITALIAN WARS" IN THE XVI CENRURY." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 2, no. 127 (2016): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.127.2.90-103.

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A significant event of international politics of the Renaissance epoch was that of the so-called «Italian wars» (1494-1559), that had as their part a great number of agreements on military alliances. On one hand those agreements testified the infidelity and quick changeability of the alliances they were meant to give form to, on the other hand they reflected the ideas of their members as to the substance of international security and the means to attain their political aims under the guise of its reestablishment and protection. The article sums up the treaty undertakings of the King of England Henry VIII, taken within the context of the «Italian wars» with the active part of his chief minister at the period, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Of the agreements looked upon the main importance is acknowledged with the London treaty of 1418, as with one of historical projects of the all-European collective security, that acquired the form of an international treaty. With the help of the analysis of the other treaties’ contents, the main features of legal undertakings in the field of security, characteristic of the period, can be defined. Attention is also paid to the legal grounds of the two Holy Leagues (of 1495 and 1511).

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Leonhardsen, Erlend M. "Pride and Perseverance: Strategic Use of Rebus Sic Stantibus in Russian Foreign Policy 1870 – 1950." German Yearbook of International Law 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 581–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.63.1.581.

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The paper examines the use of rebus sic stantibus, a claim that a fundamental change of circumstances warrants withdrawal or termination of a treaty, by Russia in three key episodes in Russian foreign policy. These episodes have not been examined together by scholars and have not all been analysed from the perspective of rebus sic stantibus. First, it examines the situation in 1870 when Russia used this approach to obtain the London Declaration, which revised unfavourable terms in the 1856 Treaty of Paris following the Crimean War. Second, it examines the Soviet attempt to terminate or renegotiate the Montreux Convention during and in the aftermath of the Second World War through the use of rebus sic stantibus and, third, it examines the Soviet attempt to renegotiate the Svalbard Treaty through the use of this legal approach. Notably, the analysis shows that these attempts took place during shifts in Russia’s relative power. Given the design of the treaties in question, rebus sic stantibus was one of the only ways to achieve these goals. In addition to providing a thorough study of episodes unexamined from an international legal perspective, the paper may therefore shed light on when rebus sic stantibus is useful and why it is relied on less and less by states today.

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Maxwell, Anne. "OCEANA REVISITED: J. A. FROUDE'S 1884 JOURNEY TO NEW ZEALAND AND THE PINK AND WHITE TERRACES." Victorian Literature and Culture 37, no. 2 (September 2009): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015030909024x.

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In his popular Romance of London (1867), John Timbs refers to Thomas Babington Macaulay's oft-repeated metaphor of a “New Zealander sitting, like a hundredth-century Marius, on the mouldering arches of London Bridge, contemplating the colossal ruins of St Paul's” (290). Originally intended as an illustration of the vigor and durability of the Roman Catholic Church despite the triumph of the Reformation, Macaulay's most famous evocation of this idea dates from 1840, the year of New Zealand's annexation; hence it is reasonable to suppose that this figure is a Maori (Bellich 297–98). For Timbs and subsequent generations, however, the image conveyed the sobering idea of the rise and fall of civilizations and in particular of England being invaded and overrun, if not by a horde of savages, then by a more robust class of Anglo-Saxons from the other side of the world.

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Szydło, Zbigniew A. "Michael Faraday the educator - an essay to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Faraday’s Death." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 22, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2017): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2017-0002.

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AbstractMichael Faraday (1791-1867) is renowned for his outstanding contribution to science and technology during the first half of the nineteenth century. However, he is less well known for his contribution to education. In the present paper, an outline of Faraday’s own education is presented, and how this experience inspired him to pass on his knowledge to others. This was mainly achieved through his popular science lectures - Chemical History of a Candle, delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, in London on 19 occasions between 1825 and 1860, and through his popular textbook for students:Chemical Manipulation(London, 1828). The author examines Faraday’s methodology of teaching chemistry by analysing a fragment of one of his lectures, and also by summarizing the content ofChemical Manipulation, and commenting on some excerpts from it. Using Faraday’s approach to chemistry education as a model, the author challenges today’s chemistry teaching programme for schools, and makes a suggestion for its improvement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'London, Treaty of, 1867'

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