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Archer, John. "A church planting strategy for Lombok." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Soufi, Akhmad. "Understanding Host Community’s Experiences in Establishing and Developing Small Tourism Enterprises in Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366754.
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Entrepreneurship has been suggested as an ideal means to stimulate host community participation in tourism development, particularly in developing countries (Hampton, 2005; Tosun, 2006). The growing literature on entrepreneurship and tourism includes relatively few studies that empirically explore and identify the entrepreneurial process in tourism. While stimulating the emergence of indigenous tourism entrepreneurs requires an understanding of the entrepreneurial process, the entrepreneurial process in tourism remains unclear, due to the lack of research on the phenomenon (Koh, 2006). The current study, therefore, sought to provide insights into entrepreneurial process in the tourism industry, the context in which the process occurs, and the entrepreneurial strategies that support the process, especially from an indigenous entrepreneur’s perspective. The study was conducted in five tourist destinations on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Twenty-eight host community members, twenty-one owner-managers of small tourism enterprises and seven other tourism stakeholders, were selected as research participants, and were engaged in the crystallisation process throughout the study. Observation was made in the twenty-one enterprises.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Diswandi, Diswandi. "Sustainable community forestry management in Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Diswandi, Diswandi (2017) Sustainable community forestry management in Lombok, Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39183/.
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Deforestation is a serious problem in Indonesia as a result of forest concessions that were granted by the government to private companies. The forest destruction was also caused by the encroachment by villagers during the political chaos and lack of law enforcement following the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998. In Lombok, villagers entered forests around their village, logged the trees and occupied the forests to plant fruit trees. As a response to this encroachment, the Indonesian government encouraged local participation by involving communities in forest management, which eventually developed into a community forestry management scheme. However, improper management by the forest farmers has generated negative externalities, primarily a reduction in the quantity and quality of water supply produced from the forest. To address the negative externalities problem, the local government in West Lombok developed a system of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). Importantly, the PES program in West Lombok was integrated with the Community Forestry program, designed for forest conservation and poverty alleviation.
This study investigates the impact of the integrated Community Forestry and PES programs on local forest conservation and socio-economic improvement. The study utilises “participatory econometrics” as a mixed quantitative and qualitative research method. The research included in-depth interviews, field visits, surveys, a focus group discussion and aerial photo analysis.
This thesis found that the PES program in West Lombok is a hybrid system that combines Coasean and Pigouvian theory. In conjunction with the Community Forestry program, the PES program could produce a sustainable outcome in the long term. This is confirmed by empirical evidence, as integrated PES and the Community Forestry program accommodates local needs, and can be used as a tool for forest conservation and the improvement of socio-economic conditions in the long term.
Keywords: Community forestry, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), Forest conservation, Poverty alleviation.
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Pangarsa, Galih Widjil. "Architecture des mosquées de Lombok : évolutions et symbolique." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0324.
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Ce travail est consacre d'abord a l'etude des evolutions architecturales et ensuite a leur symbolique. Essayant d'illustrer l'arriere plan geo-historique, l'etude commencera par un apercu generale de l'ile, pour mieux comprendre comment l'islam venu de java s'est developpe a partir du wvie s. La religion a evolue progressivement au debut du xxe s, nourrie par la reforme des tuan guru, ulema de l'ile connus comme les wektu-lima, qui se sont opposes aux traditionalistes, les waktu-telu. Ce mouvement arriva a son apogee dans les annees 30. Avec une courte quelques temps apres la guerre du pacifique, dans les annees 1960, les reformistes ont veritablement gagne le terrain. L'architecture des mosquees a evolue paralellement avec ces tendances sociales : les styles et les notions d'espace et de forme ont ete changes suivant les developpements de l'islam dans la societe. Les premieres mosquees de lombok conservaient les formes derivees des mosquees javanaises tout en les melangeant avec les anciennes conceptions pre-islamiques d'espace et de forme; mais elle commencait a evoluer egalement au debut du xxes.
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Usman, Abdullah. "Socio-economic factors influencing farmers' adoption of a new technology : the case study on the groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia." Title page, Abstract and Contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09au86.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 146-153. This thesis analyses factors influencing farmers use of groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to identify the determinants of the speed of technology adoption, to identify factors affecting the levels of water use and to estimate the state of water use by comparing the actual water use to the estimated optimal water use.
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Lübben, Christel. "Internationaler Tourismus als Faktor der Regional-Entwicklung in Indonesien : untersucht am Beispiel der Insel Lombok /." Berlin : D. Reimer, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375594088.
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Sjah, Taslim. "Decision making and strategies for agricultural credit implementation in Lombok, Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18981.pdf.
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Wiberg, Oscar, and Anton Östblom. "Developing a SustainableSupply Chain for Waste Management : A Case Study of Lombok." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278160.
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Lombok is an island in Indonesia located next to, and slightly smaller than Bali. The tropical island has the potential tobecome “the next Bali” in terms of tourism and is like many other developing countries, suffering from inadequate solid waste management, as of 2020 only managing 20% of its waste. The aim of this report is to map the current situation regarding the solid waste management system, present business opportunities within plastic recycling, present challenges and recommend future steps. A literature review is conducted to give a better understanding of waste treatment methods, waste management in developing countries, the demand of recycled plastics, and foreign direct investments in Indonesia. To map the current waste management situation, a field study is conducted with multiple visits to waste management facilities, and interviews with members of Lombok’s Zero Waste Program. The different aspects of Lombok’s waste management supply chain are explained and other important factors regarding the situation. The mapping is sufficient to serve as an overview and background information for organizations within the field, potential investors, further research, and for our recommendations. The report also contains a case study of a recycling business and a case study of Lombok’s largest landfill. Plastic recycling businesses are in need of expansion and financing from both the public and private sectors. An important finding is that profitable plastic recycling businesses already exist on Lombok, plastic recycling is otherwise often seen as a cost burden. Business and investment opportunities in plastic recycling on Lombok are therefore presented to highlight the fact that plastic recycling can be profitable and economically sustainable. Recommendations to increase the efficiency of current recycling procedures are also presented. If Lombok is going to be able to manage all of its waste, it needs more facilities, and there are many choices of waste treatment methods. Our recommendations for the near future are the following: build a new landfill with proper treatment techniques and an incineration plant to reduce the amount of waste being dumped on landfills, and continue to develop infrastructure for composting and plastic recycling. Composting and plastic recycling are the most sustainable alternatives in the long term, with the aim to reduce the amount of waste being dumped on the landfill or incinerated. Awareness about waste management and financing are two of the major challenges to achieve the short and long term recommendations.<br>Lombok är en ö i Indonesien belägen bredvid och något mindre än Bali. Den tropiska ön har potential att bli “nästaBali” när det gäller turism och lider av otillräcklig avfallshantering likt många andra utvecklingsländer. I dagsläget, år 2020, hanterar man endast 20% av mängden avfall. Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga den nuvarande avfallshanteringen, rekommendera framtida steg och presentera affärsmöjligheter inom plaståtervinning. En litteraturstudie genomförs för att ge förståelse för de vanligaste avfallshanterings-metoderna, avfallshantering i utvecklingsländer, efterfrågan på återvunnen plast och utländska direktinvesteringar i Indonesien. För att kartlägga avfallshanteringen genomförs en fältstudie med besök på flera avfallshanteringsanläggningar och intervjuer med medlemmarna i Lomboks Zero Waste Program. De olika delarna av Lomboks avfallshantering presenteras samt andra relevanta faktorer. Kartläggningen är tillräcklig för att användas av organisationer inom avfallshantering, potentiella investerare, vidare forskning samt för rapportens rekommendationer. Rapporten innehåller också en fallstudie av ett återvinningsföretag och en fallstudie av Lomboks största soptipp. Det finns ett behov och marknad för plaståtervinning på ön, där det krävs ytterligare finansiering från offentlig och privat sektor. En viktigt upptäckt är att det redan finns lönsamma företag inom plaståtervinning på Lombok, i kontrast till att plaståtervinning annars ofta ses som en kostnad. Därför presenteras affärs- och investeringsmöjligheter inom plaståtervinning på Lombok för att lyfta fram att det kan vara lönsamt och ekonomiskt hållbart. Rekommendationer för att öka effektiviteten i den nuvarande återvinningen presenteras också. För att Lombok ska kunna hantera allt producerat avfall behövs fler avfallsanläggningar, där det finns olika tekniker att välja mellan. Våra rekommendationer på kort sikt är följande: byggnation av en ny soptipp med ordentligt reningssystem för lakvatten och gasinsamling, en förbränningsanläggning för att minska mängden avfall som deponeras på soptippen och att fortsätta utveckla infrastruktur för kompostering och plaståtervinning. Kompostering och plaståtervinning är de mest hållbara alternativen på lång sikt, med målet att minska avfallsvolymen på soptippar eller det avfall som förbränns. Medvetenhet om avfall och finansiering är två stora utmaningar för att nå de kort- och långsiktiga rekommendationerna.
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Mustiana, Ana. "Assessment of the risk for rabies introduction and establishment in Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10468.
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Rabies, a zoonotic disease, is maintained in the domestic dog population in Indonesia and has caused human fatalities since its introduction to this country in the 1880s. Although rabies control strategies have been implemented on rabies-infected islands, this disease is still spreading to other parts of Indonesia, with newly infected islands as recent as 2012. Live dog movement on fishing or cargo boats is believed to have facilitated the introduction of rabies virus into previously rabies-free islands in Indonesia, such as to Bali and Flores. Until today, of the total 33 provinces, only nine provinces remain rabies-free including Lombok Island in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province. This research was conducted from 2011 to 2013 to investigate pathways for rabies entry to Lombok Island via dog movement and to assess the probability of rabies entry and exposure to the susceptible dog population on Lombok. Further, this research aimed to provide knowledge of the pathways and probability of rabies entry to Lombok in order to inform development of quarantine and surveillance strategies to prevent rabies entry and establishment on Lombok. Pathways for rabies entry to Lombok were first defined based on the literature and then refined and prioritised based on expert opinion. After this process, two pathways of release of a rabiesinfected dog were identified: boat and ferry pathways. Scenario trees were developed for each pathway to describe the release of a rabies-infected dog to Lombok, as well as scenario trees to describe the exposure of a rabies-infected dog to the susceptible dog population on Lombok. Four surveys were conducted on Bali and Lombok islands to obtain data used to refine the pathways and to inform the release and exposure models. The first survey obtained data on dog numbers and dog management practices of dog owning households belonging to different ethnic groups at an urban site and a rural site on Lombok. A total of 400 households were interviewed, 300 at the urban site and 100 at the rural site. The majority of the interviewed households belonged to Balinese ethnic group. Sasakese households owning dogs were more frequent at the rural site compared to the urban site. Owning dogs born on Lombok was common (96% households), however, 4% of households reported owning dogs obtained from outside Lombok (Bali and Java). The latter was more common at the urban site and among Balinese ethnic group. All households that reported imported dogs mentionedtransporting the dog/s in a vehicle by ferry from Padang Bai harbour Bali to Lembar harbour Lombok. All these households also reported that the imported dogs did not have the documentation required by the quarantine agency and 11 reported that the imported dogs had been vaccinated but were not able to identify the type of vaccination. The dog owning households kept their dogs either fully restricted, semifree roaming or free-roaming but full restriction was reported only at the urban site. Dog bite cases were reported to be higher at the urban site. For the second survey, to investigate dog transportation on boats docking on Lombok, interviews were conducted with captains of boats that originated from other parts of Indonesia and of local Lombok boats at seven informal ports (no quarantine post). Over three consecutive days at each port, a total of 117 captains of outside boats and 52 captains of local boats were interviewed. This survey found that dogs are not common on boats. All of the captains interviewed, except one captain from Bali, reported never having a dog on board their boat. More than half (61.5%) of the captains of outside boats knew that rabies is transmitted to people through dog bites compared to only 7.7% of captains of local boats. Dog observation was also conducted during the survey visits to these ports to document the presence of dogs on boats, and the presence of dogs and interactions between people and dogs at the port area. No dogs were seen on boats, which confirmed the finding of the boat captain survey. To further investigate the role of illegal dog movement through ferry route, the thirdsurvey interviewed people travelling with a vehicle to Lombok by ferry from Padang Bai Bali. Interviews were conducted at Padang Bai harbour over ten days and 158 people were interviewed. The people interviewed consisted of Lombok residents (51.3%) and non-residents (48.7%); 10.8 % of which reported experience bringing dogs to Lombok. All of the 21 imported dogs were pedigree dogs; majority were male; and all had originated from Bali, Jakarta or West Java. Although these dogs were transported in several types of vehicles, the majority had been transported in a truck. Transportation for most of these dogs (14) was done at the request of dog owners living in Lombok and payment provided by the dog owners. Only two dogs werereported to have been vaccinated against rabies. None of the people who had transported these imported dogs reported the dogs undergoing quarantine inspection at either Padang Bai harbour or Lembar harbour Lombok. A fourth survey was undertaken to estimate the number of unowned dogs at the urban and rural sites on Lombok where the household survey was conducted. A photographic-recapture method was employed and the number of unowned dog was estimated using a Chapman estimate from Beck (1973). A higher number of unowned dogs was observed at the urban site than at the rural site. Information obtained from the surveys was incorporated into the risk assessment models to quantify the probability of that one rabies-infected dog is released at Lombok via boat and ferry pathway and the probability of a susceptible dog at the informal port, urban site and rural site becoming infected with rabies virus after the release of a rabies-infected dog via the boat and ferry pathway. Data from published literature and expert opinion were also utilised. Monte Carlo stochastic simulation modelling was performed with @Risk 6.0 (Palisade Corporation, USA). Each simulation consisted of 5,000 iterations sampled using the Latin hypercube method with a fixed random seed of one. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify which input parameters were the most influential to the overall outputs of the release and exposure assessment models. This was performed using the @Risk 6.0 Advanced Sensitivity Analysis (Palisade Corporation, USA). Based on the results of this study, the probability of rabies being introduced into Lombok via both boat and ferry pathways was very low. However, these estimates were not negligible and to estimate the overall risk of virus introduction into Lombok for a specific period of time, the total number of boats, ferries and passengers in eachferry coming into Lombok should be considered. The sensitivity analyses for the release assessments indicate that the prevalence of rabies in Bali has a significant influence on the probability of rabies virus being introduced into Lombok. The presence of dogs on boats travelling to Lombok and the probability of ferry passengers bringing dogs to Lombok were also influential parameters. The exposure assessments suggest that the overall median probability of a rabid dog released in Lombok exposing and infecting a susceptible dog in Lombok was low. This probability was similar for a rabid dog being released at an informal Lombok port and for a rabid dog released by a person travelling in a ferry that resided in rural/urban Lombok. These results suggest that the probability of exposure is not negligible. The probability of the rabid dog confinement was an influential parameter on the probability of susceptible dogs in Lombok being exposed. These findings have provided information on pathways and probability forto Lombok and for rabies exposure to the susceptible dog population on Lombok. The practice of illegal dog movement via the ferry route can now be addressed to prevent rabies entry to Lombok, through rabies control at source (that is, on rabies-infected islands); improvement of performance of the quarantine agency ; and through education about rabies for the general public and dog owners as well as for animal health and public health officials. Preventing establishment in the event of rabies incursion through early disease detection and preparedness planning is also important. Early disease detection includes animal disease surveillance and monitoring the level of human dog bite cases. Preparedness can include responsible dog ownership that incorporates dog registration and identification, dog vaccination, neutering and confinement; dog population control through a better waste collection and disposal system by government agencies to reduce food sources for roaming dogs; and dog rabies vaccination for Lombok. In particular vaccination in advance of an incursion deserves serious consideration because it can create a barrier to prevent rabies transmission to people.
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Mutaqin, Bachtiar Wahyu. "Impacts géomorphiques de l'éruption du Samalas en 1257 le long du détroit d'Alas, Nusa Tenggara Ouest, Indonésie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H071/document.
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En tant qu'événement parmi les plus puissants de l'histoire éruptive récente de Lombok, les matériaux volcaniques expulsés par le volcan Samalas en 1257 couvrent toute l'île de Lombok et sont largement répandus dans sa partie est. Près de 800 ans après l'éruption, l'impact géomorphologique de cette éruption sur l'île reste inconnu, alors que ses conséquences climatiques et sociétales globales sont désomais mieux comprises. Une combinaison des informations stratigraphiques, des topographies actuelles, des mesures géophysiques, des sources écrites locales, analyse de laboratoire et informatique ont été utilisées pour obtenir des informations détaillées sur les impacts géomorphologiques de l'éruption du volcan Samalas sur la zone côtière le long du détroit d' Alas, Nusa Tenggara Ouest, Indonésie. Cette étude fournit de nouvelles informations relatives à l'impact géomorphologique d'une éruption volcanique majeure dans des zones côtières, dans ce cas-ci, dans la partie est de Lombok, ainsi que sur la côte ouest de Sumbawa. En premier lieu, les résultats de l'étude montrent que le paysage de la partie est de Lombok est encore évolué jusqu'à présent. Le volume de matière volcanique de l'éruption des Samalas reste à environ 14% du volume initial. Deuxièmement, la découverte de Babad Suwung fournit une description supplémentaire de l'éruption des Samalas sur l'île de Sumbawa et pourraient être la plus ancienne observation visuelle de déferlantes pyroclastiques après celles de Pline Ie Jeune en 79 pour le Vésuve. Enfin, l'éruption du volcan Samalas en 1257 a prouvé avoir déclenché un tsunami mineur qui a frappé l'île de Belang, sur la côte ouest de Sumbawa<br>As the most powerful event in Lombok’s recent eruptive history, volcanic materials thatwere expelled by the Samalas volcano in 1257 CE covered the entire of Lombok Islandand are widespread in its eastern part. Almost 800 years after the eruption, the geomorphological impact of this eruption on the island of Lombok remains unknown,whereas its overall climatic and societal consequences are now better understood. Acombination of stratigraphic information, present-day topography, geophysical measurement with two-dimensional resistivity profiling technique, local written sources,as well as laboratory and computational analysis, were used to obtain detailed information concerning geomorphic impacts of the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano on the coastal area along the Alas Strait in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study provides new information related to the geomorphic impact of amajor eruption volcanic in coastal areas, in this case, on the eastern part of Lombok and the western coast of Sumbawa. In the first place, the study result shows that since the 1257 CE eruption, the landscape on the eastern part of Lombok is still evolved untilthe present time. The volume of the 1257 CE volcanic material remains about 14% from the initial volume. Secondly, the discovery of Babad Suwung provides additional explanation of Samalas eruption and may become the oldest visual observation of pyroclastic surges and volcanic fallout, following those by Pliny the Younger in 79 CE. Finally, the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano has proven triggered a minor tsunami that hit Belang Island, on the west coast of Sumbawa
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Barbier, Benjamin. "Bilan thermique et caractérisation géochimique de l'activité hydrothermale du volcan Rinjani, Lombok, Indonésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210140.
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La caldera du volcan Rinjani contient un lac d’un volume de 1 km³ qui est probablement le plus grand lac volcanique au monde présentant une anomalie thermique nette. Ce lac présente une composition neutre chlorure sulfate bicarbonate inhabituelle pour les lacs volcaniques. Sa TDS (2600 mg/l) et conductivité (3500µs/cm) élevées indiquent un apport de fluides hydrothermaux très important. Enfin, son alcalinité élevée (520 mg/l), indique un apport important de dioxyde de carbone dans le lac.<p>Les sources thermales situées autour du Gunung Baru (cône volcanique situé dans la caldera) ont une composition chimique en éléments majeurs et une composition isotopique proche de celles du lac volcanique indiquant qu’elles sont essentiellement le résultat du recyclage du lac par le système hydrothermal. Les variations de compositions entre les différentes sources ont permis de montrer que leurs compositions est le résultat du mélange entre un fluide hydrothermal profond de composition neutre chlorure, dont la température a été estimée à 270°C, et d’un fluide plus superficiel riche en magnésium et en sulfate.<p>Le flux de dioxyde de carbone à la surface du lac a été estimé à l’aide de la méthode de la chambre d’accumulation et par calcul à environ 2300 t/j, ce qui représente un apport significatif de gaz. Cependant, comme le lac présente une structure polymictique, le risque d’accumulation de dioxyde de carbone en profondeur et donc d’éruption limnique peut être exclus.<p>Pour la première fois dans cette thèse, le modèle d’estimation des flux thermiques émis par les lacs volcaniques mis au point par Stevenson (1992) a été contraint par des mesures des paramètres météorologiques mesurés en continu, ce qui a permis de valider le modèle. De plus, nous avons pu montrer que l’essentiel des variations de températures des lacs volcaniques est dû à des variations météorologiques. En utilisant le flux thermique plutôt que la température, il est dès lors possible d’avoir accès à des variations de l’activité volcanique.<p>Le flux thermique estimé pour le lac du Rinjani est de 1700 MW, ce qui représente le flux le plus élevé jamais mesuré sur un lac volcanique aérien. Ce flux thermique est aussi plus élevé que le flux thermique mesuré sur des lacs de lave à 800°C. Ce paradoxe apparent s’explique par la plus grande dimension des lacs volcaniques, la capacité calorifique de l’eau quatre fois plus importante que celle du magma et la viscosité de l’eau 1 million de fois inférieure, ce qui fait de l’eau un excellent fluide caloporteur pour transporter les calories vers la surface.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Nusantari, Hani. "Understanding of marine environments and sustainability by primary school children in lombok, indonesia." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2327.
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ABSTRACT Seagrass beds, mangrove forests and coral reefs as a part of marine environments play an important role in the coastal regions. These environments support the coastal communities by providing resources such as food and income. For many years, marine environments have been facing destruction the majority of which is caused by human impact. The lack of knowledge of how to use and manage the marine resources wisely and sustainably is one reason why marine environments are still facing degradation. Primary school children who live in two coastal villages in Lombok Island, Indonesia were questioned about their conceptual understanding of their local marine environments and their ideas about sustainability in these environments. Using an interpretive methodology framework, children and their teachers from Grades 5 and 6 in two primary schools in coastal villages, and elders in the villages were studied and. The data gathered from the children through questionnaires and interviews, and from teachers and elders through interviews. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to analyse this data. The children's experiences in their marine environment appear to have strong connection with their knowledge. Their knowledge also developed by interaction with the people in the communities. Children value their local marine environment as a place that provides food for them and their parents teach them to respect it. Long traditions such as dumping waste in the beach or sea has an impact on children from fishing families and creates a contradiction between the positive values they have and negative attitudes they act on. The children are not taught environmental education in the schools since it is not a compulsory subject and teachers lack knowledge about the marine environment. Teachers and elders feel the importance of teaching about the marine environment to their children to give them the knowledge and ability to use the marine resources in sustainable way. For children who are a part of coastal communities, learning about their local marine environment should be made a priority to so they have basic knowledge and understanding in using the marine environment in sustainable ways. Marine environmental education should not only educate children in formal school but also educate people in the communities. The coastal communities as a whole should be working together to achieve the aims of education and conservation. Additionally, the school as a whole needs to support the implementation of marine environmental education.
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Karlina. "ASSESSMENT OF HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHTS RELATED TO ENSO IN LOMBOK AND SUMATRA ISLANDS, INDONESIA." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/231991.
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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム<br>Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(工学)<br>甲第21058号<br>工博第4422号<br>新制||工||1687(附属図書館)<br>京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻<br>(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 堀 智晴, 准教授 佐山 敬洋<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Islamy, G. (Gusti). "Educational challenges in a small island community:a case study in Gili Asahan, Lombok, Indonesia." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805101737.
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This Master’s thesis focuses on educational challenges in a small island community, that is Gili Asahan village in Lombok, Indonesia. The idea for this study emerged from a voluntary organization called Kelas Inspirasi, which has an initiative to send volunteer teachers to overcome the lack of teaching staff on the island. The challenges found during the case study did not concern only the lack of teacher’s presence but also teaching in the multi-grade class setting as well as challenges in school’s facilities and infrastructure and furthermore, the influence of the rural community on schooling. After the researcher discovered the educational challenges of in this small island community, she set out to find possible solutions to overcome these issues.
The research is based on a case study. The researcher observed the location in its natural setting collecting the data of all daily activities inside and outside the classroom, making field notes. Hence, she was both a participant researcher and a voluntary teacher of a multi-grade class in the local primary school. The data was analyzed through explanation building by reflecting on the theoretical proposition as a connection link to the real event. Through the iterative process, the researcher was trying to compare findings and propositions, integrating the context and adding additional details until she gets the holistic and comprehensive analysis to understand the issue.
According to the findings, in this kind of remote and isolated islands, multi-grade classes are a necessity. The sparse population and difficult geographic conditions lead to difficulties in hiring more than one teacher. In this village, there were only 20 students enrolled in the primary school with grades 1, 2, and 4. The teacher-researcher was not prepared to teach in the multi-grade setting, so managing the classroom became oftentimes very challenging. Students were not properly engaged in the schooling process, they experienced neither sense of belonging nor autonomy in the classroom. Understandably, this led to students’ low study motivation as they became passive receivers, with the unfortunate outcome of future failure in schooling. While, the role of the community in the formal schooling process is not active and encouraging, the school merely becomes a place to entrust the children when parents go to work.
The researcher argues that in spite of some disadvantages, multi-grade classes have a potential to support Education for All, even in remote and isolated locations. However, teachers’ preparation in the multi-grade settings should start already in teacher training. The knowledge of multi-grade teaching could wane mismanagement in the classroom environment, overcome the limited resources, and maximize teacher’s presence to support active learners. The cooperation between community and school should be addressed to promote the “pedagogy of place” concept where teachers could design lessons according to children’s daily life in small island communities.
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Meindertsma, Jan Douwe. "Income diversity, technology and farming systems : modelling of resource poor farming households in Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389358.
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Restiati, Made. "An epidemiological study of diseases affecting livestock on the islands of Bali and Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Restiati, Made (1996) An epidemiological study of diseases affecting livestock on the islands of Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53223/.
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This study was designed to evaluate various sources of disease data to determine those diseases affecting livestock (cattle, chickens, goats and pigs) on the islands of Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. A retrospective study was conducted comparing data collected from eight Poskeswans (Animal Health Posts), the Provincial Government Livestock Service (PGLS), and two laboratories (the provincial Disease Investigation Centre (DIC) in Bali and a smaller type B laboratory in Lombok). An abattoir survey was undertaken to identify the subclinical and parasitic diseases of cattle and pigs. Farmers from two villages were interviewed to determine routine management and husbandry procedures adopted. The relative importance of diseases in each of the data sources was determined by calculating proportional disease rates.
Parasitic infections (helminthiasis, fascioliasis and coccidiosis) were the most common diseases of cattle, diagnosed in 21.8% of animals examined by field veterinarians, 18.3% of all submissions to the DIC and 9.7% of specimens submitted to the type B laboratory. Over half (57.4%) of the cattle examined at the abattoir were infected with gastrointestinal parasites, and cattle infected with Fasciola spp. were 2.7 times more likely to be in poor body condition than non-infected animals.
Gastrointestinal parasites were also identified as major diseases in pigs and goats being diagnosed in 26.3% and 69.1% of submissions to the DIC, respectively. Over half (55%) of pigs examined at the abattoir showed previous evidence of infection with Ascaris suum and 39.7% had current parasitic infections.
Although parasitic diseases were frequently diagnosed in cattle, pigs and goats, infectious diseases, such as Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease, were diagnosed more commonly in chickens. Similarly the diseases recorded by the PGLS were primarily infectious in nature, and included diseases with the potential for high morbidity and mortality such as haemorrhagic septicaemia, bovine ephemeral fever and Newcastle disease. These diseases were less frequently reported in the field than other clinical and subclinical diseases. Gastrointestinal parasitism was not included in the diseases reported by the PGLS.
Diseases diagnosed by the DIG generally required more technical input, such as involving serology, microbiology or detection of histopathological changes, than those identified by the staff of the type B laboratory. Many of the diseases commonly diagnosed by the type B laboratory were based on the presenting clinical signs described by the submitter. Diagnoses made by field veterinarians primarily relied on the presenting clinical signs, and those made at the abattoir were made based on the presence of pathognomonic pathological lesions or the detection of parasites.
The livestock management and husbandry practices adopted by farmers in a village in Bali were different to those from a village in Lombok. Farmers from Bali were more likely to adopt disease control procedures and use the service of veterinarians than farmers from Lombok. More farmers from Bali reported sick goats and pigs, while sick cattle and chickens were more common in Lombok. Most clinical signs recognised by farmers were non-specific and the specific diseases affecting livestock in the villages could not be identified.
It is concluded that data which is currently available, and data which can be easily collected from abattoirs, can be used to study the epidemiology of livestock diseases in Indonesia; however the accuracy of the diagnoses and the biases in the data sources must be carefully evaluated. Inclusion of data on the population at risk and host characteristics would significantly improve the value of this data. Parasitic diseases were recognised as important problems of livestock in Bali and Lombok, and these diseases are likely to have a greater impact on the animals’ productivity than are infectious diseases.
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Hidayat, Aceng. "Institutional analysis of coral reef management : a case study of Gili Indah Village, West Lombok, Indonesia /." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013347988&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Wangiyana, Wayan. "Environmental regionalisation for the identification of potential legume production areas on Lombok Island using geographic information system /." View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030627.111036/index.html.
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Thesis (Ms. Sc)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1994.<br>"A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Hons.) in Environmental Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-177).
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Atmadipoera, Agus. "Indonesian throughflow water in the major outflow straits(Lombok, Ombai, Timor) : from instant data and numerical model." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066325.
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Ce travail se concentre sur une région clef de la circulation océanique globale avec le passage des eaux du Pacifique tropical dans l’Océan Indien à travers l’archipel indonésien, l’ « Indonesian throughflow (ITF) ». Cette région a été l’objet d’une coopération internationale d’envergure, INSTANT1, entre l’Indonésie, la France, les Pays-Bas, les USA et l’Australie. Une quantité importante de nouvelles données de courant, de température et de salinité ont été recueillies à cette occasion pendant les campagnes océanographiques auxquelles j’ai participé. Ma thèse analyse ces données pour étudier la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des « Indonesian Throughflow Water (ITW) », à leur sortie dans l’Océan Indien. Les données sont analysées en utilisant les sorties du modèle ORCA du LOCEAN afin de compléter les lacunes temporelles et spatiales inévitables des mesures. Il est démontré dans une première partie l’importance des eaux peu salées et plus chaude de la mer de Java qui modifient les eaux superficielles provenant du détroit de Makassar. Les caractéristiques de ces eaux affectent ensuite les eaux plus profondes par mélanges verticaux dus aux fortes marées dans la région au cours de la progression de l’ITF vers l’est de la Mer de Florès aux détroits de sortie vers l’Océan Indien. L’ITW apparaît le plus chaud et le moins salé dans la thermocline depuis la période de transition, avril-juin jusqu’à la mousson de sud-est, juillet-septembre. La deuxième partie s’intéresse au plateau continental australien, le Sahul, où il est montré que l’apport d’eau salée provenant de l’Océan Indien pendant la mousson de nord ouest contribue pour 12% du transport total à Timor dans les premier 318m, en moyenne annuelle et peut représenter 40% du transport de l’ITF à travers le passage pendant la mousson de nord ouest. La troisième partie tente d’expliquer la présence d’un courant profond au dessus du seuil du passage de Timor par la propagation d’ondes de Kelvin excitées dans l’Océan tropical Indien par des coups de vent d’ouest et piégées le long de la côte indonésienne. Ces ondes se propagent vers le sud et pénètrent dans les mers indonésiennes à travers les détroits ouverts sur l’Océan Indien et seule la partie profonde de ces ondes atteignent le seuil du passage de Timor. Ce courant en va-et-vient intéresse les eaux profondes et a une moyenne non nulle vers le bassin de Timor dont la topographie interdit la sortie vers les mers indonésiennes. Un courant vertical doit donc exister, produit par des mélanges verticaux.
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Atwell, Alison. "The impact of a leadership training program on school based management and school community action in Praya Barat Daya, Lombok, Indonesia." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Education, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003192/.
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[Abstract]: Indonesia decentralized its education system in January 2001 requiring all schools to become self managing at their local level. Training was put in place to assist schools with tasks that would facilitate this process such as writing School Development Plans and establishing the newly mandated School Committees. However no specific plans emerged to provide schools with training in educational leadership. Understandingand practising leadership goes hand in hand with understanding the nuances of decentralization. A different style of leadership is required to make sense of decentralization, a style of leadership that does not rely upon top-down authority but instead shares leadership across the school community and encourages leadership to emanate from below. In 2004 a leadership training project was undertaken in three rural school communities in Central Lombok. Its purpose was to consider the emergence of new leadership practices when schools are given the opportunity to be involved in leadership training across a six month period. The leadership training project was attached to a current Aid project to gauge the appropriateness of including a leadership training program in future Aid projects. Within Indonesia Aid projects from a range of international donors are a frequent source of enhancing physical and teaching and learning environments in schools. The leadership training project commenced with a two day live in workshop followed by six months in-school experience, which involved school and individual projects to practise leadership. The design included six-weekly site visits and all participants maintained a weekly reflective journal. The data collected was presented in the form of case studies of each of the three schools, which were subsequently used to inform a Report presented tothe Indonesian Ministry of National Education. Findings presented in this Report affirm that a leadership training program of this nature does provide a valuable way forward through training in school leadership practices that allow school communities to effectively work within a school based management environment. This Report recommended that the trialled leadership training program would be a valuable inclusion in future educational AID projects throughout Indonesia.ii
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Hidayat, Aceng [Verfasser]. "Institutional Analysis of Coral Reef Management : A Case Study of Gili Indah Village, West Lombok, Indonesia / Aceng Hidayat." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/118161421X/34.
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Grace, Jocelyn. "Health development and Sasak women: A political and practical analysis of medical intervention in rural East Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Grace, Jocelyn (1997) Health development and Sasak women: A political and practical analysis of medical intervention in rural East Lombok, Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50825/.
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This thesis explores the question of why health development, indicated by a reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates, has been relatively slow in the district of East Lombok, in the province of Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. It describes the political, economic, social and cultural character of Sasak village life, and the historical and wider politico-economic context in which it is embedded. The thesis fulfils the requirements of the emerging field of critical medical anthropology, paying attention not only to culture, but also to political economy; not only at the local (or micro) level, but also at the macro and intermediary levels. The objective of part one is to offer a broad analysis which demonstrates the local, regional and national political and economic constraints upon reducing maternal and infant mortality rates in rural East Lombok. Part two critically examines international and national health development discourses, which, it is argued, depoliticise the issue of health inequalities, and represent local people as sole cause of their poor health status. It also discusses the political effects of the process of medicalisation.
This thesis is based on ethnographic research, the focus of which is the interface between rural Sasak women and local government health staff, who deliver medical interventions through the national family planning and primary health care programmes. At the local level economic, political, social and cultural factors determine the everyday decisions women make about where and when to seek preventative and curative treatment for themselves and their infants. It is at this local level that the disjuncture between Sasak theories of illness causation and healing practices, and those of biomedicine which inform the policies and interventions of government health development planners, are revealed. Similarly, it is at this level that the disjuncture between the planned and the actual quality and quantity of health interventions delivered can be observed. Part three of the thesis describes the specific effects of these disjunctures in limiting the impact of health development interventions in reducing maternal and infant mortality in rural East Lombok.
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Suadnya, I. Wayan. "Power in empowerment : who wields it ? : an analysis of empowerment programs in coastal Lombok, Indonesia / y I Wayan Suadnya." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19455.pdf.
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Tanaya, I. Gusti Lanang Parta. "A study of agribusiness supply chain systems for small farmers in dryland areas of Lombok Island Indonesia : a pluralistic approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2475.
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Despite the contribution that agriculture makes to the Indonesian Gross Domestic Product, the income of small subsistence farmers continues to fall. While many development activities and policies have been implemented to reduce the gap in income between farmers and non-farmers, the situation remains unchanged. In part this is because the majority of research has focused on improving production rather than addressing the social and economic aspects of farming and its supply chains. Very few approaches have adopted a holistic systems approach. This study examines holistically the agri-food supply chains of dryland farmers of Lombok, in eastern Indonesia, using a pluralistic approach. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of developing a pluralistic model which combined the benefits of SSM with hard systems approaches like statistical and technical efficiency analyses and test this approach on the agri-food supply chains of dryland farmers of Lombok, in eastern Indonesia.Agribusiness is a complex social system both to understand and to manage but is also driven heavily by the need to produce efficiently for a market. This means that solving problems within such systems requires the melding of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects in a pluralistic way. The research presented here combines an interpretative research approach the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) with hard systems tools like descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, and technical efficiency analysis.The SSM analysis was successful in identifying a feasible pathway for change for the agri-food supply chains studied. The key benefits of adopting this approach was its ability to produce realistic and feasible solutions in a culturally acceptable way and to unconsciously help the supply chain members to understand, look at, think, analyse and solve their problems through collaborative action. It is however, a complex tool to use and there is a need to develop a simplified SSM approach which significantly reduces the sophisticated systems jargon and technical terms that have been developed by the SSM research community if it is to be adopted more widely for use in solving agri-food supply chain problems in developing countries.The farm productivity analysis found significant variations in the technical efficiency of the farms analyzed; from 47.6 to 94.5 per cent, indicating that there is still significant opportunity for improvements in production practices. Age and education were found to significantly affect farm-specific technical efficiency suggesting that programs that educated the rural young generally, but more specifically in new innovations and farm management practices, would show production efficiency benefits.An analysis of the marketing system revealed that a number of market intermediaries were involved in the marketing and distribution of agricultural commodities. Market intermediaries arrange for the collection, consolidation and subsequent transport of the product and to varying degrees, with the sorting, grading and packing of the product to better fulfill downstream customers’ needs. Quality at the farm gate was problematic, for much of the product is sold under the tebasan system where there are few incentives for quality and farmers face difficulties in disposing of product which fails to meet customers’ expectations. As the quality of the product deteriorates as it moves down the supply chain, the marketing margin increases to cover the increasing losses, and the uncertainty of price inherent in highly volatile commodity markets. In order to reduce risk, farmers and downstream market intermediaries prefer to transact with those exchange partners with whom they have developed long-term relationships. However, in the absence of reliable market information and the propensity for actors to sell to whichever market intermediary offers the highest price, little trust is evident in the exchange. As the geographic distance between actors increase, relationships down the supply chain become increasingly less personal and more businesslike.This study resulted in a new pluralistic model for analyzing the agribusiness supply chain of Lombok referred to as the Lombok Method (LM). This pluralistic approach was found to be a more effective way to analyse and design solutions than SSM alone for the following reasons. First, the inclusion of hard system analysis enhanced the robustness of the model produced which in turn means it can be validated and challenged. Secondly, hard systems approaches were used to verify the findings of the SSM and also provide feedback into the SSM. Finally, the SSM was able to bring the experience of the participants to the interpretation of the hard system analysis.While the model was successful in providing some solutions to the problems experienced in the supply chains, the research also highlighted the need to do further studies that 1) identify the nature and scale of market failure, 2) apply optimization techniques to supply chain systems and 3) identify a means of including external variables like climate in the model. There may also be a role for modeling the relationships between supply chain participants using structural equation modeling (SEM) or causal loop diagrams (CLD). With a focus on SSM there is a need to develop a simplified approach for use in developing countries and establishing standards for the conduct of human interaction in the SSM process.
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Schellhorn, Matthias. "Rural tourism in the 'Third World' : the dialectic of development : the case of Desa Senaru at Gunung Rinjani National Park in Lombok Island." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Environment, Society and Design Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080221.124834/.
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This thesis examines the effectiveness of tourism as an agent of rural development, focusing on culture and nature-based destinations in the 'developing world'. The village of Desa Senaru at Gunung Rinjani National Park in Lombok Island, Indonesia, served as a case study.
Conservation agencies frequently support tourism development as a sustainable alternative to more extractive resource uses. Integrated conservation models, in particular, present 'eco'tourism as an effective instrument to enhance rural livelihoods while protecting the environment. Alongside international aid agencies, the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) also promotes the sector for its poverty reduction potential in 'third world' countries. Rural communities hold concomitant expectations of tourism's socio-cultural development potential. Furthermore, 'eco'tourism functions as a growing niche market for the globally expanding tourism industry and local entrepreneurs. As such it fits well into the economic rationale that underpins neo-liberal market strategies. With such a diversity of interests at stake, the question "What kind of business is tourism?" has become more complex, critical and pertinent than ever before.
Informed by development theories and the sociology of tourism, this analysis focuses on the multiple dichotomies that characterise 'third world' tourism. In the case of tourism development in Desa Senaru, several paradoxical outcomes have been identified. The most profound of these is the 'social justice paradox' that describes the way tourism costs and benefits are distributed within a heterogeneous community of native residents and migrant settlers. While most of the case study's tourism attractions are part of the cultural heritage of the wetu telu Sasak hamlets, these derive few economic benefits and struggle to access the new development opportunities 'eco'tourism offers. Filtered and directed by historical political relations, several key barriers to a meaningful participation of these native people in the 'business of tourism' have been identified. These include the prevailing conditions of education, culture, ethnicity, socio-economy, location, mobility, skills and knowledge.
Expectations of 'eco'tourism as a 'soft' industry analysed vis-à-vis the global biosphere effects of air transport highlight the 'eco-paradox' of international tourism. The cleavage between the poverty-focused aid policies of the New Zealand Government and an integrated conservation project, whose benefits local elites have largely captured, illustrates the 'project paradox' of rural tourism development programmes.
In the 'development paradox' of cultural tourism, symbolic constructs of 'otherness' (such as 'aesthetic poverty') contrast with various development agendas; in their search for the 'real' traditional village, for example, the tourists reject all signifiers of material progress and modernity. Their curious gaze at the spiritual practices and everyday life world of the wetu telu villagers manifests opposite a recent history of state-sanctioned religious discrimination. Taken together, these paradoxical local outcomes emphasize the significance of power relations and political dimensions within the globally expanding 'business of tourism'.
Ethical considerations are an important aspect of this study as they contribute towards an 'ethic of development' that, so far, has found little theoretical resonance amongst scholars of tourism studies. To operationalise the ethical concerns raised, the thesis posits a model of a holistic approach to development. This recognises tourism as a complex open system.
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Kurscheid, Johanna. "Investigation into the role of live bird markets in the transmission and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bali and Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Kurscheid, Johanna (2015) Investigation into the role of live bird markets in the transmission and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/28850/.
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Since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in 2003, Indonesia has suffered large losses in the poultry sector and the highest number of H5N1-related human deaths to date. Despite government and internationally led disease control and eradication efforts, the virus remains entrenched throughout many parts of the country. Live bird markets (LBMs) have been implicated in a number of avian H5N1 outbreaks and are considered a high-risk interface due to mixing of large numbers of diverse poultry species with unknown disease status. Despite this, little is known about the role that markets play in the epidemiology of HPAI viruses. To investigate the scale and trends of poultry movement, marketing and management in Indonesian LBMs, a socio-epidemiological study combining qualitative and quantitative approaches and methodology was designed and implemented. A cross-sectional survey of 547 poultry traders and customers, conducted at 17 LBMs on the neighbouring islands of Bali and Lombok, revealed a high proportion of traders with limited knowledge of HPAI and biosecurity engaging in practices conducive to circulation and spread of the virus. Observational studies revealed that many markets lacked basic infrastructure for crucial cleaning and disinfection activities and had poorly implemented, or no, biosecurity. Social network analysis of movement events revealed differences in movement patterns of live poultry in Bali and Lombok that may influence the potential for markets to become infected or facilitate the spread of infection. In addition, a qualitative risk assessment of bird-to-bird transmission of HPAI H5N1 also revealed differences in potential risk between markets, with several identified as having a very high risk of becoming infected. The findings of this study enabled rating of each of the 17 LBMs in terms of transmission potential and potential spread of HPAI viruses, which will allow authorities to focus efforts where limited resources would have the greatest impact, of vital importance in low resource settings.
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Jackson, Karolina. "A Sweet Deal? : A qualitative study regarding the process of empowerment for women who take part in an income generation program in South Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88074.
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Indonesia signed CEDAW 1980 and ratified it in 1984 making it one of the first countries in South East Asia to do so. Despite legislation and governmental efforts women are still discriminated against in areas such as access to education, resources and credit. Income generation and women´s empowerment have been recognized on an international level as important strategies to enhance gender equality and in the process of alleviating poverty. By using the method of the focus group interview this study examines the process of empowerment for a group of women who take part in an income generation program in South Lombok, organized by a local NGO which uses the CAF methodology of self funded communities. Using Jo Rowlands (1997) empowerment model to analyze the collected data the study identifies encouraging and inhibiting factors to the empowerment process and the changes the process have generated. The study finds that the income generation program provides an important motivation for the women to join and the women experience some empowering impacts due to access to resources. However, it is the educational aspects of the program as well as the social support system that the self-help groups provide that contain the most empowering elements.
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Garrett, Lucy. "The equity and efficiency of incentives to manage ecosystem services for natural resource conservation and rural development : case studies from Lombok, Indonesia and Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53451/.
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Incentives to manage ecosystem services have been heralded as important mechanisms to increase efficiency in biodiversity conservation and to facilitate greater equity in the distribution of natural resources. These interventions aim to control the use of natural resources by altering resource users’ land-use decisions and environmental behaviours. There is relatively little evidence, however, about the perceived benefits and societal values of incentives, and the institutional effectiveness of incentives to alter land-use behaviours to increase compliance. It is also unclear how incentive-based management institutions align with the local biophysical, social, economic, and political dimensions of the social-ecological systems (SES) in which they are implemented. The thesis examines the ways in which incentives are used to manage ecosystem services and their institutional effectiveness to alter landowner environmental behaviours in the complex reality of the world It is important to understand the drivers of land-use decisions and environmental behaviours to implement institutions that can address natural resource issues within specific contexts. This thesis contributes to the discourse surrounding the use of incentive-based management that aim to provide motivation for compliant land-use decisions. The research highlights the need to understand the contextual nature of societal values and institutional processes that drive behaviours and determine the ‘fit’ of natural resource governance mechanisms. The recognition of these values and processes enables sufficient ‘incentive effects’ to be provided that can motivate pro-environmental behaviours. The thesis also illustrates the reality of how incentive-based institutions can function on the ground makes it difficult to clearly attribute outcomes to theoretical assumptions on which incentive-based institutions are designed. Case studies from Lombok, Indonesia and Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil were used to illustrate the significance of local participation in decision-making, incentive design, and landowner perception of the benefits of behaviours on compliance outcomes, equity in benefit distribution, and efficient conservation management. A mixed methods approach was used to compare different incentives, which included legal sanctions, religious beliefs, social norms, and economic rewards. The thesis examines institutional function, ‘fit’, and landowner perceptions that can influence compliant pro-environmental behaviours. Spatial analysis, semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus groups were conducted to determine the impact of religious, economic, and customary law incentives on land-use decisions in communities on Lombok. Spatial analysis was used to examine the impact of sanctions in the legal reforms of the Forest Code, Brazil’s forest conservation legislation, on farmer land-use decisions in Alta Floresta. Abstract -ii- This thesis finds that ‘incentive effects’ are strongly determined by landowner perceptions of the social and economic cost-effectiveness of compliant behaviour, and the ‘fit’ of incentive-based management to SES’s contexts and dynamics. Institutional ‘fit’ was greater when procedural justice was perceived to be higher. That was driven by stakeholder participation in decision-making, closer links to existing institutions and social norms, and higher community autonomy over incentives. Positive incentives, like religious values and customary laws, were used to generate collective action for pro-environmental behaviours at local levels on Lombok, Indonesia. This generated greater community cooperation when collective action was built on existing social norms, socio-cultural institutions, and ecological dimensions. Incentives for collective action had less impact when they were imposed by external organisations, did not align to the local SES dimensions, and were only focused on increasing efficiency to control natural resource use. When negative incentives, such as legal sanctions and economic fines, were used to increase compliance with pro-environmental behaviours to protect riparian forests in Alta Floresta, they were found to, in fact, reduce overall compliance. The cost of sanctions and the option to offset illegal deforestation were perceived to be lower than the benefit of non-compliant behaviours like continued deforestation. The ‘incentive effects’ of these sanctions had limited impact to alter environmental behaviours of landowners. The findings of this study have implications for policies that use incentives as mechanisms to alter land-use behaviour. These findings also have clear relevance for PES and incentive-based design. They move PES beyond its theoretical application to meet the realities of the ‘messy’ world in which they are applied. The application of incentives is highly context specific to the SES in which incentives aim to function. This approach includes a need for the understanding of local perceptions of equity and cost-efficiency, and the impact of SES subsystem dynamics. A more integrated SES approach to understand the required incentives of land-use behaviours can enable a greater ‘fit’ of incentive-based institutions to local contexts, which may address environmental issues that can lead to a more sustainable use and equitable distribution of natural resources.
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Zubaidah, Teti. "Spatio-temporal characteristics of the geomagnetic field over the Lombok Island, the Lesser Sunda Islands region : new geological, tectonic, and seismo-electromagnetic insights along the Sunda-Banda Arcs transition." Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001919300/34.
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Zubaidah, Teti [Verfasser]. "Spatio-temporal characteristics of the geomagnetic field over the Lombok Island, the Lesser Sunda Islands region : new geological, tectonic, and seismo-electromagnetic insights along the Sunda-Banda Arcs transition / Teti Zubaidah. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ." Potsdam : Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001919300/34.
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Sibra, Monique. "Rachis lombo-sacré et danse." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11099.
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Buza, Selpa Pemba Tomas. "Escolarização de jovens do ensino noturno da Escola do Lombo-Lombo (Cabinda - Angola, 1990-2013)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9N5KY7.
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The goal ofthis dissertation is to analyze evening school education of youngsters on site in public schools from Cabinda, Angola, more specifically in Lombo-Lombo School in the 1990-2013 time frame. Based on the hypothesis that in addition to education, evening students also seek out equality of opportunities and forms of non-exclusion, we conducted field work to learn about their desires while attending school. To conduct this study, we investigated the history of education in Angola, the policy of implementation ofthe recovery program for youngsters lagging behind in their education, the Andragogy pedagogical approach, the organization of the Lombo-Lombo School and the operation of evening classes. Empirical data were collected by oral history methodology through interviews and questionnaires applied to school directors, teachers, students' relatives and the students themselves. Documents such as legislation and Lombo-Lombo School archives were also analyzed. The collected data allowed for the profiling of the educational policy for youngsters for the recovery of schooling delay in public schools in the province of Cabinda. We concluded that young and adult students attend school seeking an opportunity of a better future, that is, because of their aspirations in lifeand their belief that education will serve as a means to fulfill such aspirations.<br>Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a escolarização dos jovens do ensino noturno na modalidade presencial, no nível primário da rede pública da Província de Cabinda, Angola, especificamente a Escola do Lombo-Lombo, no recorte temporal de 1990-2013. Partindo da hipótese de que os jovens do ensino noturno buscam nas escolas muito mais do que instrução; buscam igualdade de oportunidades e formas de não exclusão, fomos a campo com o objetivo de conhecer suas aspirações nessa busca pela escola. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa investigamos a historiada educação de Angola, a politica de implantação do programa de recuperação do atraso escolar, a proposta pedagógica da andragogia, a organização da Escola do Lombo-Lombo e o funcionamento do ensino noturno. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados empíricos foi a metodologia de história oral por meio de entrevistas e questionários com gestores da escola, professores, familiares e alunos. Realizou-se ainda análise de documentos como legislações e documentos do acervo da Escola do Lombo-Lombo. Atravésde dados colhidos foi possível traçar um breve perfil da prática da politica de educação de jovens para recuperação do atraso escolar servido pela rede pública da Província de Cabinda. Chegamos à conclusão que a busca pela escola é fundamentada no desejo de estabelecer oportunidade para um futuro melhor, isto é, a busca pela escola é concernente ao desígnio de vida dos jovens e adultos que nela apostam.
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Rodrigues, Carlos. "Dor crónica lombar." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Saúde, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4196.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Fisioterapia, área de especialização em Condições Músculo-Esqueléticas<br>A dor crónica lombar, é uma condição de saúde cuja prevalência tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. É uma condição que pode ser bastante incapacitante para o indivíduo e por consequência, ter importante impacto social e económico na sociedade. É um fenómeno complexo, multifactorial e pouco estudado na população portuguesa. Objectivo: Estudar a associação entre a catastrofização da dor, crenças de medo evitamento da dor, intensidade da dor e a incapacidade funcional auto reportada em indivíduos com dor crónica lombar. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico de corte transversal, com uma amostra de 38 indivíduos com dor crónica lombar, seleccionados a partir de uma população de 186 trabalhadores de uma unidade local de saúde. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de 4 instrumentos de avaliação: Questionário de caracterização e levantamento de factores de risco e impacto associados à dor crónica lombar; Questionário de incapacidade de Roland e Morris; Escala de catastrofização da dor; e Questionário de crenças de medo evitamento da dor. A análise dos dados foi feita através de estatística descritiva pela distribuição de frequências e medidas de tendência central para análise da prevalência e caracterização da amostra e por estatística inferencial para estudar as relações entre variáveis através do teste de correlação não paramétrico de Spearman. Resultados: A variável catastrofização da dor obteve um valor de correlação com a incapacidade auto-reportada de rs=0,473, para p<0,01; a variável crença de medo evitamento da dor relacionada com o trabalho obteve um valor de correlação com a incapacidade auto-reportada de rs=0,462 para p<0,01, a percepção da intensidade actual de dor e a intensidade percepcionada no ano anterior, obtiveram valores de correlação com a incapacidade auto-reportada de rs=0,327 e rs= 0,359 respectivamente para valor de p<0,05. Conclusão: As variáveis psicossociais catastrofização da dor e crença de medo evitamento da dor relacionada com o trabalho, influenciam de forma moderada a incapacidade em indivíduos com dor crónica lombar. A associação entre a intensidade da dor e a incapacidade parece ter um papel menos importante demonstrando associações baixas.<br>Abstract: Chronic low back pain is a health condition whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. It is a condition that can be quite disabling for the individual and therefore have important social and economic impact on society. It is a complex phenomenon, multifactorial and poorly studied in the Portuguese population. Objective: To study the association between pain catastrophizing, fear avoidance beliefs, pain, pain intensity and self-reported functional disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. Methods: Observational analytical cross sectional study of a sample of 38 individuals with chronic low back pain, selected from a population of 186 workers at a local health unit. Data collection was performed through four assessment instruments: questionnaire characterization, evaluation of risk factors and impact associated to chronic low back pain, questionnaire Roland and Morris disability, pain catastrophizing scale and fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics for the distribution of frequencies and measures of central tendency to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of the sample and inferential statistics to study the relationships between variables by testing for Spearman nonparametric correlation. Results: The pain catastrophizing variable had a correlation value rs= 0,473, p<0,01 with the self-reported disability, the variable of fear avoidance belief of pain related to the work achived a correlation value with the self-reported disability, rs = 0.462 p <0.01, current pain intensity and in the previous year obtained values of correlation with self-reported disability rs = 0.327 and rs = 0.359 respectively for values of p <0.05 .Conclusion: The psychosocial variables of pain catastrophizing and fear avoidance belief of pain related to the work had a moderate association with disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. The association between pain intensity and disability seems to have a less important role demonstrating low associations.
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Jeremias, A. Teresa. "Dor crónica lombar." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15205.
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RESUMO: A Dor Crónica Lombar (DCL) não especifica é entendida como, presença de dor persistente na região lombar, com duração de pelo menos 12 semanas ou presença de recorrências de dor por um período de seis meses, sem causa física específica, isto é, de origem desconhecida (Airaksinen, et al., 2006; Bekkering et al., 2003; Krismer & van Tulder, 2007).
Em Portugal, 36% de pessoas referem dor crónica, sendo que em 40% destes casos são relativos a dor crónica lombar (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2007 cit. por APED, 2007 e Castro-Lopes, Saramago, Romão & Paiva, 2010). A frequência de DCL não é só elevada em Portugal como em todos os países desenvolvidos, estimando-se que a sua prevalência varie entre 23 a 30% (Walker, 2000; Cassidy, Cote, Carroll & Kristman, 2005). É também conhecido, que esta condição representa elevadas taxas de absentismo laboral e incapacidade funcional (Nakamura, Nishiwaki, Ushida & Toyama, 2011; Webb et al., 2003; Sá, Baptista, Matos & Lessa, 2008), afigurando cerca de 80% dos custos dos cuidados de saúde (Waddell, 1998).
A fisioterapia é uma intervenção comunmente utilizada na DCL (Airaksinen et al., 2006; Savigny et al., 2009). Esta considera variadíssimas modalidades e múltiplos procedimentos de intervenção, com enorme diversidade na conjugação dos mesmos (Airaksinen et al., 2006; Savigny et al., 2009; Moníz & Cruz, 2012), assim como no número de sessões realizadas por episódio de cuidados (Moníz & Cruz, 2012), tornando quase impossível determinar um qualquer padrão de tratamentos (Gil, Cabri & Ferreira, 2009).
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Santos, Fernanda Gangella dos. "Avaliação da estabilidade lombo pélvica de pacientes lombálgicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5163/tde-31072012-151257/.
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Estudos anteriores mostraram que indivíduos com lombalgia crônica tem comprometimento do controle motor dos músculos do tronco durante as tarefas dos membros superiores. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o controle motor dos músculos do tronco e quadril durante os movimentos dinâmicos de membros inferiores. O movimento de ajoelhado para semi ajoelhado é comumente utilizado na avaliação de pacientes neurológicos e foi escolhido para analisar os músculos do tronco e do quadril com a mínima interferência do movimento das articulações distais (tornozelos e joelhos). Esta tarefa pode ajudar os fisioterapeutas como uma ferramenta de triagem de pessoas com o controle motor do tronco e do quadril alterados e definir o tratamento mais eficaz... Objetivo: Comparar a atividade dos músculos do tronco e do quadril em pacientes com dor lombar crônica e indivíduos saudáveis durante a transferência de ajoelhado para semi-ajoelhado. Métodos: Vinte e nove mulheres com lombalgia crônica inespecífica (GL), (idade=45,8 ± 14,37 anos, IMC= 24,15 ± 3,95 Kg/cm²) e trinta mulheres assintomáticas (GC), (idade=44,57 ± 13,65 anos anos, IMC=23,77 ± 2,18 Kg,cm²) participaram deste estudo e estavam livres de dor durante a transferência de ajoelhado para semi-ajoelhado movimento. A atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) dos músculos Oblíquo Interno (OI), Eretor lombar (EL) e Glúteo Médio (GM) foi registrada bilateralmente, enquanto os participantes realizaram a transferência de ajoelhado para semi ajoelhado sobre uma plataforma de força. A plataforma de força e o sistema de EMG foram sincronizadas de modo que a curva obtida na plataforma de força permitiu estabelecer o início e o fim do movimento. Os sinais de EMG foram filtrados, e tratados matematicamente para se obter variáveis de pico, instante do pico e integral da atividade muscular de cada músculo. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado para comparar as variáveis entre os grupos. Resultados: Durante o movimento, observou-se no GL, maior integral e pico de contração maior e mais precoce dos músculos ELD e ELE, comparado ao GC, enquanto este apresentou maior integral e pico de contração maior e mais precoce dos músculos OI e GM, bilateralmente. Os resultados mostraram evidências sobre a hipótese de que pacientes lombálgicos utilizam diferentes padrões de ativação lombo-pélvica, exigindo maior atividade dos Eretores Lombares. enquanto o grupo controle realiza o movimento a partir dos músculos OI e GM. Conclusão: Sujeitos com lombalgia crônica têm atividade diferente dos músculos do tronco e quadril comparados com sujeitos assintomáticos durante o movimento de ajoelhado para semi-ajoelhado<br>Previously studies have shown that chronic low back pain subjects have compromised motor control of trunk muscles during upper limb tasks. However little is known about the motor control of trunk and hip muscles during dynamic movements of lower limbs. Kneeling to halfkneeling movement is commonly used in the evaluation of neurologic patients and was chosen to analyze trunk and hip muscles with minimum interference of distal joints movements (ankles and knees). This task might help physical therapists to use as a screening tool of people with altered motor control of trunk and hip to better address an effective treatment. Objective: to compare the activity of trunk and hip muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and pain-free individuals subjects during the transfer from kneeling to half-kneeling position. Methods: Twenty-nine women with non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBPg) and thirty asymptomatic ones subjects (Cg) participated in this study. Cg had mean(SD) age of 44,57(13,65) years, body mass index of 23,77(2,18) kg/cm² and CLBP had age of 45,8(14,37) years, body mass index of 24,15(3,95) kg/cm² and were pain-free during the transfer from kneeling to half-kneeling movement. ccc Electromyography activity (EMG) of obliquus internus abdominis (OI), lumbar erector spinae (LES) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles was recorded bilaterally while participants performed the transfer from keeling to half-kneeling position on a force platform. The force platform and the EMG system were synchronized so that the curve obtained in the force platform allowed to establish the beginning and the end of the movement in the EMG signal. EMG signal were filtered, and treated to obtain variables as the peak power, time to xiv peak achievement and integrated EMG of each muscle. Main-Whitney was applied to compare variables between groups. Results: Man-Whitney test showed differences between groups. Asymptomatic subjects had an increased integrated EMG, peak power and earlier time to peak of bilateral obliquus internus abdominis and gluteus medius muscles while chronic low back pain patients had an increased integrated EMG, peak power and earlier time to peak of bilateral muscle activation of lumbar erector spine during the movement. Conclusion: Chronic low back pain subjects have different activity of trunk and hip muscles compared to asymptomatic ones during kneeling to half-kneeling movement
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França, Fabio Jorge Renovato. "Estabilização segmentar lombar e TENS na hérnia discal lombar: um ensaio clínico randomizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-26052014-103540/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A hérnia de disco lombar (HDL) acomete cerca de 5% dos pacientes com de dor lombar e o tratamento cirúrgico nestes casos é cada vez menos indicado, optando-se, na maior parte dos casos, pelo conservador. Embora o método estabilização lombar (EL) e a estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) tenham mostrado bons resultados em indivíduos portadores de dor lombar inespecífica, há escassa literatura que tenha verificado a eficácia destes tratamentos isoladamente em sujeitos acometidos por hérnia de disco lombar. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia dos exercícios de estabilização lombar e da TENS na dor, incapacidade funcional, e capacidade de ativação do músculo transverso do abdome (TrA) de indivíduos com hérnia de disco lombar. METODOLOGIA: Participaram da pesquisa 40 indivíduos com idade variando de 25 a 58 anos com dor lombar e hérnia de disco, e foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo estabilização lombar (EL) (exercícios específicos para os músculos TrA e multífido lombar(ML)) (n=20) e Grupo TENS (GT) (n=20) que receberam atendimento com corrente de estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea. Foram avaliados quanto à dor (Escala Visual Analógica e Questionário McGill de Dor), incapacidade funcional (Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry), e capacidade de recrutamento do TrA (Unidade de Biofeedback Pressórico-UBP). Os grupos foram tratados em duas sessões semanais com duração de 60 minutos por oito semanas. Cada indivíduo foi avaliado antes e após o tratamento. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de alfa=0,05. RESULTADOS: Após oito semanas, o grupo estabilização lombar mostrou melhora significativa na dor (p < 0,001), incapacidade funcional (p < 0,001), e capacidade de ativação do TrA (p < 0,001). O grupo TENS apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante apenas na dor (p < 0,012). A estabilização foi superior à TENS na melhora na dor (p < 0,001), incapacidade funcional (p < 0,001), e capacidade de ativação do TrA (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que a estabilização é efetiva na melhora da dor, incapacidade funcional, e capacidade da ativação do TrA, e a TENS apenas na dor. A estabilização foi superior à TENS em todas as variáveis<br>INTRODUCTION: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) affects about 5% of low back pain (LBP) patients. Surgical treatment in these cases is increasingly less suitable, opting, in most cases, for the conservative. Although lumbar stabilization method and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) have shown good results in patients with nonspecific low back pain, there is scarce literature that has verified the effectiveness of these treatments alone in subjects suffering from lumbar disc herniation.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercises and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), on pain, functional disability and activation of the transversus abdominis muscle (TrA), in individuals with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS: This study involved 40 patients (age range 25-58 years) with lumbar disc herniation randomized into two groups: Stabilization group (SG: n=20); which received of stabilization exercises (transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles) and TENS group (TG: n=20), which received electrotherapy. The following instruments were used: visual analogue pain scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire for pain, Oswestry Disability Index for functional disability, and pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) for ability to contract the TrA. Analyses within and between groups were performed after treatment. Groups underwent 16 sessions, for 60 minutes, twice a week and they were evaluated before and after eight weeks. Significance level was set at alfa= 0.05. RESULTS: After eight weeks, lumbar stabilization group showed significant improvements in pain (p < 0.001), functional disability (p < 0.001), and the ability to contract the TrA (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in TENS group in terms of disability (p < 0.264) or ability to contract the TrA muscle (p < 0.181), however, improvement in pain was demonstrated (p < 0.012). The stabilization was superior to TENS in terms of improvements in pain (p < 0.001), functional disability (p < 0.001), and ability to contract the TrA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that stabilization is effective in improving pain, functional disability, and the ability to contract the TrA in individuals with LDH. In the TENS group, the only improvement after treatment was in terms of pain. Stabilization was superior to TENS in all outcomes
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MABILLEAU, METIVIER STEPHANETTE. "La plexopathie lombo-sacree : a propos de trois observations." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1061.
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Dupont, Philippe. "Analyse biomécanique de la dégénérescence du rachis lombo-sacré." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0023.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier, à l'aide d'un modèle éléments finis, les paramètres mécaniques pouvant influer sur le comportement du rachis lombaire, afin de simuler des phénomènes dégénératifs comme la hernie discale. Pour cela, le premier chapitre présente une analyse des données bibliographiques sur les différentes modélisations du rachis lombaire, les docnnées morphométriques et les caractéristiques mécaniques des éléments constitutifs du rachis lombaire. De plus, il comporte les résultats expérimentaux issus du laboratoie et de la littérature afin de valider le comportement du modèle. Ensuite est décrit le mode de génération du modèle dont les caractéristiques mécaniques sont choisies à partir des données du chapitre précédent. Le comportement du modèle est ensuite comparé au comportement expérimental d'unités fonctionnelles. Dans le deuxième chapitre, le modèle permet de mettre en évidence l'influence de certains paramètres sur la cinématique et la distribution des contraintes dans le rechis lombaire. Pour cela, la méthode des plans d'expérience est employée afin d'obtenir un maximum de donées avec un nombre réduit de simulations. Les résultats obtenus permettront de mieux apprécier le rôle joué par ces paramètres sur la hernie discale ainsi que sur d'autres phénomènes dégénératifs. Le dernier chapitre propose un mode de mdoélisation du nucléus se comportant comme un fluide, puis une mise en sollicitation du modèle susceptible de générer une hernie discale. Enfin, les conclusions de cette étude sont présentées ainsi que les perspectives ouvertes par ce travail.
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DELATTRE, BERNARD. "Les infiltrations discales lombaires et lombo-sacrees par hexatrione." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M012.
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Moraes, Antonio Carlos de 1960. "Resposta eletromiografica do musculo iliocostal lombar e abordagem da pressão intradiscal da coluna lombar." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274889.
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Orientador: Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T14:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1999<br>Resumo: A ação dos músculos extensores da coluna tem sido estudada através da eletromiografia com o intuito de conhecer a participação muscular durante várias posturas corporais, as quais tentam assemelhar-se às posições assumidas pelo corpo humano durante as atividades do cotidiano, de trabalho e de treinamento. A coluna vertebral funciona como um sustentáculo para a manutenção do corpo na posição ortostática e serve a um sistema complexo de forças e tensão de diferentes tipos. A maioria dos movimentos corporais aumenta a sobrecarga na coluna lombar. É importante que conheçam as cargas a que a coluna vertebral está sujeita durante diversas atividades para que se interprete e minimize a possibilidade de lesões sobre a coluna, assim como para orientar aqueles que porventura já apresentem problemas nesta região. Estimando-se as cargas pode-se prever aquelas impostas através da atividade física. Este estudo abordou, mediante revisão bibliográfica, aspectos anatômicos e funcionais da coluna vertebral, com ênfase nos discos intervertebrais, na pressão intradiscal e nas cargas impostas à coluna lombar. Verificamos as respostas eletromiográficas do músculo iliocostal lombar (eretor da espinha) durante os movimentos de flexão, extensão e rotação do tronco, nas posições ortostática e sentada em cadeira sem encosto e flexão e extensão do tronco na posição sentada no solo. Participaram do estudo 12 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sedentários, na faixa etária de 36 a 52 anos, idade média de 46,16 anos, média de peso 79,66 kg e altura média de 173,0 cm, os quais trabalham na função de motorista. Foi utilizado um eletromiógrafo de seis canais (Lynx) e eletrodos de superficie para a captação dos potenciais de ação, os quais foram colocados no lado direito do tronco, na direção da 3a e 5a vértebras lombares ('ICL IND. 2' e 'ICL IND. 1' respectivamente). Os resultados encontrados estão expressos em RMS, indicando a participação do músculo iliocostal lombar durante os movimentos realizados, onde observa-se que o local identificado como 'ICL IND. 2' apresentou potenciais de ação de maior amplitude que o local identificado como 'ICL IND 1', em todos os movimentos e posições<br>Abstract: The action of the column extensor musc1eshas been studied through in the electromyography in order to understand muscular participation in various corporal postures which try to copy positions assumed by the human body during everyday, work and training activities. The vertebral column functions as support for maintaining the body in the orthostatic position and serves as a complex system of different types of force and tension. The majority of corporal movements increase the load on the lumbar column. It is important to know the loads that the vertebral column is subjected to during different activities in order to interpret and minimize the possibility of lesions on the column, as well as to orient those who by chance have already presented problems in this region. Estimating the loads can predict those imposed by physical exercise. Based on a bibliographical survey, this study described anatomic and functional aspects of the vertebral column with emphasis on intervertebrae disks, intradisk pressure and loads placed on the lumbar column. We verified the electromyography responses of the iliocostalis lumborummusc1e(erector of the spine) during flexion, extension and trunk rotation movements in orthostatic positions and seated in a chair without a back, and trunk extension and rotation in the position seated on the ground. 12 individuaIs males, sedentary, between 36 and 52 years old (averaging 46.16 years old), weighing an average of 79.66 kilos, and with an average height of 173.0cm, all working as drivers were studied. Electromyography with six channels (Lynx) and surface electrodes for registering action potential was used. The electrodes were placed on the right side of the trunk in the direction of the third and fifth lumbar vertebrae ('ICL IND. 2' and 'ICL IND. 1' respectively). The results are expressed in RMS, indicating the participation of the iliocostalis lumborum musc1e during the movements undertaken. lt was observed that the place identified as 'ICL IND. 2' presented action potential of greater amplitude than the place identified as 'ICL IND. 1' in alI movements and positions<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Educação Física
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Gunzburg, Robert. "Contribution à l'étude du rachis lombo-sacré: rotation et flexion-rotation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213083.
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Corrente, Diogo Emílio da Fonseca Ussemane Pires. "Tomografia computorizada intraoperatória na artrodese lombar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9916.
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Mestrado em Materiais e Dispositivos Biomédicos<br>O presente relatório desenvolvido com base na prática clínica tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da utilização da Tomografia Computorizada Intraoperatória (iTC) na realização de artrodese lombar, sendo este um procedimento que consiste na fusão de uma ou mais vértebras lombares de modo a aliviar a dor relacionada com certas patologias.
A fusão entre as vértebras ocorre através da utilização de excertos ósseos ou outros materiais, como ligas metálicas, polímeros, compósitos ou cerâmicos. De modo a ajudar no processo de fusão são também utilizados dispositivos de fixação tais como parafusos pediculares, hastes e barras.
A possibilidade de reconstruções MPR (Multiplanar Reformation) e VRT (Volume Rendering Technique), assim como a possibilidade de variar as janelas de visualização das imagens de iTC permitem uma melhor descriminação anatómica e, consequentemente, que a utilização da iTC, quando comparada com a do intensificador de imagem móvel, seja mais precisa na avaliação da colocação dos parafusos pediculares, evitando possíveis lesões causadas pela sua má colocação.<br>This report developed in clinical practice aims to demonstrate the importance of the intraoperative Computed Tomography (iCT) in the lumbar arthrodesis performance. It consists in the fusion of single or multiple lumbar vertebrae in order to relieve the pain related to some specific pathologies.
The vertebral fusion is accomplished using bone grafts or other materials such as bone substitutes, metal alloys, polymers, composites or ceramics. In order to assist in the interbody fusion process, fixation devices such as pedicle screws, rods and plates are also used.
The possibility of MPR (Multiplanar Reformation) and VRT (Volume Rendering Technique) reconstructions, as well as the ability of changing the windows levels of iCT images, allow a better anatomical discrimination and consequently, when compared with commonly used the mobile C-arm, the iCT appears more accurate in evaluating the placement of pedicle screws, avoiding possible injuries caused by their misplacement.
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Casarin, Cezar Augusto Souza. "A influencia do calçado de salto alto sobre a lordose lombar associada aos musculos lombares e gstrocnemio." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288451.
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Orientador: Paulo Henrique Ferreira Caria<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T14:11:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Nas últimas décadas as mulheres vêm conquistando posições de destaque na sociedade ocidental o que exigiu novos cuidados com a aparência e os calçados de salto alto se tornaram um dos símbolos da feminilidade contemporânea. Discrepâncias entre a literatura popular e a científica a respeito da influencia do uso de calçados de salto alto no aumento da lordose lombar, bem como a atividade dos músculos lombares e gastrocnêmio durante o uso desses calçados, suscitaram essa pesquisa. A qual teve como objetivo analisar o ângulo da curvatura lombar da coluna vertebral, por meio de imagens digitais (ICC = 0.96), através do programa ALCIMAGEM e investigar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos longuíssimo dorsal e íliocostal lombar (eretores da espinha) e do músculo gastrocnêmio, bilateralmente. Foram avaliadas vinte e quatro voluntárias descalças e calçando sapatos com saltos de 1 cm, 5 cm e 10 cm de altura, de diferentes modelos, divididas em grupo (1) usavam sapatos de salto alto diariamente e grupo (2) não usavam sapatos de salto alto diariamente. Os valores em graus foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOV A e ao teste de TUKEY. Os dados eletromiográficos foram submetidos ao teste de FRIEDMAN e ao teste de MANN-WHITNEY. Os resultados apresentaram a ocorrência da retificação da lordose lombar, não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos (p>0,05). O maior ângulo de retificação lombar e a maior atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos analisados foram alcançados com o salto fino de 10 cm de altura. O músculo gastrocnêmio mostrou-se mais ativo eletromiograficamente e o grupo (1) apresentou maior atividade eletromiográfica que o (2). Conclui-se que o uso de calçados de salto alto não gera hiperlodose lombar, os músculos da perna foram mais ativos que os paravertebrais e que o grupo de mulheres que usa salto alto diariamente, apresentou maior atividade muscular dentre os músculos avaliados<br>Abstract: In the last deeades the women are oeeupying positions that previously were exclusively maseuline, what put them in prominenee position in the western soeiety. The largest exhibition raised larger eare with the appearanee and the high hell shoes are one of the symbols of the eontemporary femininity. The popular literature refers to the high heel shoes as eausers of the inerease of the lumbar lordosis, in eompensation the scientifie literature shows the reetifieation of that eurvature. Diserepancies also appeared in relation to the aetivity of the muscles spine ereetors and gastroenêmius, when if did use of high heel shoes. The present work had as objeetive analyzes the angle of the lumbar eurvature of the spine through digital images (ICC = 0.96) through the program ALCIMAGEM and to investigate the eleetromyographie aetivity of the muscles longuissimus dorsal and ilioeostalis lumbar (spine ereetors) as well as the portions lateral and medial of the muscle gastroenêmius, bilaterally. Were evaluate twenty four volunteers barefoot and putting on shoes with high heels of 1 em, 5 em and 10 em of height and of different models, divided in group (1) they used high heel shoes daily and group (2) they didn't use high heel shoes daily. The results presented the oeeurrenee of the reetifieation of the lumbar lordosis, not having differenees signifieants among the groups (p>0,05). The largest reaehed angle of lumbar reetifieation was with the shoe of fine high heels of 10 em of height. The muscle gastroenêmius was shown more eleetromyographie aetivate. The group (1) it presented higher eleetromyographie aetivity than group 2. Was eoncluded that the use of high heel shoes doesn't generate lumbar hiperlordosis, the muscles leg were more eleetromyographie aetive eompared to the low baek muscles and the women used high heel shoes daily it presented higher eleetromyographie activity<br>Mestrado<br>Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental<br>Mestre em Anatomia
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Pinto, João Chanças Miranda da Silva. "Plano de marketing Clube Recreativo e Cultural Quinta dos Lombos – Secção de Corfebol." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20129.
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Mestrado em Marketing<br>Este Trabalho Final de Mestrado, trabalho de projeto, tem como principal objetivo definir as estratégias de marketing e plano de ação para a seção de Corfebol do Clube Recreativo e Cultural Quinta dos Lombos, para a época 2020 - 2021. O Clube encontra se situado em Carcavelos, no concelho de Cascais, no distrito de Lisboa. A metodologia utilizada para a realização deste projeto foi a action research, sendo o horizonte temporal cross-sectional. Tendo sido realizados inquéritos por questionário, utilizando o instrumento de aferição de qualidade de serviços desportivos QUESC, a todos os atletas seniores praticantes da modalidade do Corfebol. Foram também realizadas entrevistas informais aos atletas seniores, e entrevistas semiestruturadas a três especialistas nesta modalidade e a dois membros da Direção do Clube. Os resultados alcançados através do inquérito são traduzidos em bons níveis de qualidade do serviço prestado pelo CRCQL. Foi realizado também um orçamento e um calendário para as ações necessárias para se implementar este Plano de Marketing, de modo a atingir os objetivos delineados (ex: a angariação de novos atletas).<br>This Master's Final Project work, has as its main objective to define the marketing strategies and action plan for the Korfball section of Quinta dos Lombos Cultural and Recreational Club, for the season 2020 - 2021. The Club is located in Carcavelos, in the municipality of Cascais, in the district of Lisbon. The methodology used to carry out this project was action research, with the cross-sectional time horizon. Questionnaires were conducted using the QUESC quality of service measurement tool for all senior athletes practicing Korfball. Informal interviews were also conducted with senior athletes and semi-structured interviews with three specialists of this sport and two board members of the Club. The results achieved through the survey translate into good levels of quality of the service provided by CRCQL. A budget and calendar were also made for the actions required to implement this Marketing Plan in order to achieve the objectives outlined (eg, the recruitment of new athletes).<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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COCCOZ, FLORENCE. "Sequelles lombaires de la dystrophie rachidienne de la croissance et lombo-sciatalgies." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6543.
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Giangareli, Barbara de Lima. "Caracterização físico-química de músculos do lombo e do pernil de suínos." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000204828.
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A suinocultura é uma das atividades agropecuárias mais importantes do mundo. O Brasil possui um alto potencial produtivo, porém o consumo interno ainda é afetado por fatores como preconceito e desinformação, sendo necessário um estímulo ao consumo da carne suína in natura. Foram avaliados os músculos bíceps femoralis, longissimus thoracis, semimembranosus e semitendinosus de 19 suínos provenientes da cruza PIC X Danbred com média de 110 kg em pH, cor, marmoreio, perda de água por pressão, descongelamento e cocção, maciez, composição química, diâmetro de fibra, colágeno e a composição de ácidos graxos. A perda de líquido no descongelamento foi maior para o semimembranosus e longissimus thoracis em relação ao semitendinosus, não diferindo do biceps femoralis. A perda de líquido na cocção foi maior para o semimembranosus. O músculo longissimus thoracis apresentou maior luminosudade em relação ao semimembranosus e o biceps femoralis, não diferindo do semitendinosus. O chroma foi maior para o semitendinosus e biceps femoralis comparado ao longissimus thoracis e o semimembranosus. A tonalidade foi maior no longissimus thoracis em relação ao semitendinosus e o biceps femoralis, não diferndo do semimembranosus. O longissimus thoracis apresentou maior teor de matéria seca e proteína em relação aos demais músculos. O extrato etéreo do semitendinosus foi maior que os demais músculos, o longissimus thoracis apresentou valor maior que o biceps femoralis e este por sua vez foi maior que o semimembranosus. A força de cisalhamento foi maior no biceps femoralis e no semitendinosus em relação ao longissimus thoracis e semimembranosus. O semimembranosus apresentou valor maior de índice de fragmentação miofibrilar que o biceps femoralis e este foi maior que o longissimus thoracis e semitendinosus. O diâmetro de fibra do longissimus thoracis foi maior que do semimembranosus e semitendinosus, embora não diferencie do biceps femoralis. O biceps femoralis apresentou mais colágeno que os demais músculos. Concluiu-se que os músculos longissimus thoracis e semimembranosus se destacaram quanto à maciez e composição química e o músculo semitendinosus se destacou perante os demais, por apresentar uma boa proporçao de ácidos graxos insaturados e destes grande parte são do tipo ômega 3, precursores de uma boa saúde cardiovascular, ou seja, o consumo de carne suína in natura é propício, estando de acordo com níveis nutricionais indicados para uma alimentação saudável, devendo então ter seu consumo mais incentivado.<br>The swine production is one of the most important agricultural activities in the world. The Brazil has a high productive potential, however the internal market consumption is affected by factors like prejudice and miss information. It is necessary an stimulation to increase the swine fresh meat consumption increase, therefore this study evaluate the biceps femoralis, longissimus thoracis, semimembranosus e semitendinosus muscles from 19 animals PIC x Danbred hibrids in pH, color, marbling, water losses, tenderness, chemical composition, fiber diameter, collagen and fatty acid composition. The liquid loss on defrosting was higher for semimembranosus and longissimus thoracis in relation to semitendinosus, having no differences from biceps femoralis. The liquid losses on cooking was higher for the semimembranosus. The longissimus thoracis show higher luminosity than semimembranosus and biceps femoralis, but not different from semitendinosus. The chroma evaluation was higher for semitendinosus and biceps than longissimus and semimembranosus. The hue measured was higher on longissimus thoracis in relation to semitendinosus and biceps femoralis, but was not different that the semimembranosus. The longissimus thoracis presented higher dry matter and crude protein in relation the other muscles. The ether extract from semitendinosus was higher than the other muscles, the longissimus thoracis had higher value than the biceps femoralis and this was higher than semimembranosus. The shear force was higher for the biceps femoralis and semitendinosus in relation to the longissimus thoracis and semimembranosus. The semimembranosus show higher value for the miofibrilar fragmentation index than the biceps femoralis and this was higher than longissimus thoracis and semitendinosus. The fiber diameter for the longissimus thoracis was higher than the semimembranosus and semitendinosus, but not different from biceps femoralis. The biceps femoralis presented more collagen content than the other muscles. The conclusion was the longissimus thoracis muscle and semimembranosus stood out for softness and chemical composition and the semitendinosus muscle stood before the other, it presents a good proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and these are largely the type omega 3, precursors of a good cardiovascular health, ie the consumption of fresh pork is conducive, which is consistent with nutritional levels recommended for healthy eating and should then have its most encouraged consumption.
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Favas, Ana Irene Vaqueiro. "Dor lombar em crianças: estudo de prevalência." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5666.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia<br>Objectivo: Identificar a prevalência da dor lombar em crianças com idades compreendidas entre os dez e doze anos de idade. Métodos: Foi utilizado o Questionário Nórdico (Sjolie, 2003), traduzido e validado para a população portuguesa (Festas, 2010). Foram recolhidos 80 questionários, devidamente preenchidos de carácter anónimo e com as características antropométricas de alunos do 5º e 6º ano do Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, com idades entre os 10 e 12 anos. Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 48,8% estudantes do sexo feminino e 51,2% do sexo masculino. O nosso estudo encontrou uma elevada prevalência de dor lombar em crianças num total de 46,3%. Sendo essa prevalência superior no sexo masculino (51,2%), comparativamente ao sexo feminino (41,0%). A prevalência anual foi inferior de 33,8%, Relativamente ao transporte da mochila podemos verificar no nosso estudo que a maioria dos participantes transportavam a mochila bilateralmente (93,8%) No que diz respeito às actividades/posições que influenciam a dor encontramos diferenças significativas entre os géneros, nos trabalhos manuais, aulas de educação física e actividades físicas de lazer. Conclusão: Segundo o nosso estudo, a prevalência de dor lombar é elevada, sendo por isso importante a prevenção nesta área, nas escolas, através de acções informativas com a ajuda de profissionais de saúde sobre os factores que influenciam a dor.<br>Objective: To identify the prevalence of lumbar pain in children with ages understood between the ten and twelve years of age. Methods: The Nordic (Sjolie, 2003), translated and validated Questionnaire was used for the Portuguese population (Festas, 2010). 80 questionnaires, properly filled out of anonymous character were collected and with the anthropometric characteristics of pupils of 5º and 6º year of the Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, with ages between the 10 and 12 years. Results: 48.8% Students of the feminine sex and 51.2% of the masculine sex had participated in this study. Our study found an elevated prevalence of lumbar pain in children in a total of 46, 3 %. Being this superior predominance in the masculine sex (51, 2 %), comparatively to the feminine sex (41, 0 %).The annual prevalence was inferior to 33, 8 %. Relatively to the transport of the backpack we can check in our study that most of the participants were transporting the backpack bilaterally (93, 8 %) What concerns the activities / positions that influence the pain we found significant differences between the genders, in the manual works, physical education classes and physical activities of leisure. Conclusion: According to our study, the prevalence of lumbar pain is raised, being therefore important the prevention in this area, in schools, through informative actions with the aid of professionals of health on the factors that influence pain.
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Lima, Maria João de Albuquerque Roboredo Pires de. "" A Influência da Acupunctura na Dor Lombar "." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/26603.
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Carsalade, Monique. "La cathedrale et l'ensemble episcopal de lombez." Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20077.
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La cathedrale de lombez, dont l'eveche fut erige en 1317, a ete edifiee a partir de 1317 jusqu'au debut du xve siecle, a l'emplacement de l'eglise abbatiale preexistante. C'est un edifice a deux nefs d'inegale largeur et a chapelle entre les contreforts, construit en brique, qui se caracterise par la profonde influence de l'eglise des jacobins de toulouse de nombreuses tetes humaines et animales sculptees, au style repetitif, ornent les culs de lampe sur lesquels viennent reposer les branches d'ogives des chapelles et de la deuxieme travee du vaisseau sud. L'eveque de lombez s'installa dans l'ancien logis abbatial, au sud de la cathedrale. Le cloitre roman fut conserve, mais, peu a peu, ses galeries furent modifiees suivant les besoins de l'eveque. Un ensemble episcopal assez complexe se developpa autour de deux cours. Et ce n'est qu'a partir de la deuxieme moitie du xviiie siecle que debuta la construction d'un veritable palais episcopal. Ce dernier ne fut jamais acheve car l'eveche fut supprime a la revolution. Il ne reste plus aujourd'hui qu'un corps de batiment du xviiie siecle incluant une partie plus ancienne, datant probablement du xvie siecle<br>The cathedral of lombez, erected by the bishopric in 1317, has been built from 1317 to the xv century. It's a building with two unequal naves as for their width and with chapels between the buttress, built bricks, with the influence of the toulouse jacobins church. Numerous carved humans and animals heads in a poor style, adorn the chapels culs de lampe. The bishop of lombez settled down in the old abbatial house, at the south of the cathedral. The romanic cloister has been kept, but his galleries have been modified according to the bishop needs. An episcopal group complex enough expanded around two yards. In the second half of xviii century began the building of an episcopal palace, and its edification was interrupted by the french revolution
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Jorge, Ricardo Lourenço. "Biomecânica do tratamento cirúrugico da coluna lombar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13710.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica<br>A presente dissertação teve como principal objetivo o estudo dos aspetos biomecânicos da artroplastia do segmento L4-L5 da coluna lombar, mais precisamente as alterações induzidas pela artroplastia, quando comparado com o segmento nativo. Numa primeira fase realizou-se uma análise detalhada dos aspetos anatómicos, biomecânicos, patológicos e respetivos tratamentos, com especial atenção à artroplastia lombar. Numa segunda fase procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais com recurso a vértebras em material compósito onde foram realizados ensaios de compressão axial, num modelo representativo da condição nativa e num modelo artroplástico com um implante comercial, para assim se aferir as alterações de transferência de carga no córtex das vértebras com recurso a extensómetros. Estes modelos foram também utilizados posteriormente para validar os modelos numéricos desenvolvidos na etapa seguinte. Estes modelos numéricos de elementos finitos foram desenvolvidos para se avaliar os parâmetros biomecânicos não passiveis de avaliação com os modelos experimentais, tais como os campos de deformação nas vértebras e os micromovimentos na interface entre o implante e as vértebras numa condição pós-cirúrgica e também de longo termo. Os resultados dos modelos numéricos foram comparados com os experimentais, obtendo-se uma boa correlação entre estes. Os resultados das deformações nas vértebras L4-L5 nos modelos experimentais e numéricos demonstraram uma clara alteração na transferência de carga entre o modelo nativo e o artroplástico. Observou-se um aumento das deformações nas vértebras na condição pós-cirúrgica e uma redução na condição de longo termo em particular na zona central dos corpos vertebrais. Estas alterações estão inicialmente associadas a um risco de falência do osso por sobrecarga localizada e posteriormente ao risco de reabsorção óssea por efeito de stress-shielding. Conclui-se assim que a artroplastia da coluna lombar altera de forma relevante o comportamento biomecânico das vértebras, aportando riscos de origens distintas que eventualmente podem ser minorados por um otimização da geometria e materiais do implante.<br>This thesis aimed to study the biomechanical aspects of arthroplasty of the L4-L5 lumbar spine segment, specifically the changes induced by the implantation of a commercial implant, when compared to a native and healthy segment. Initially was made a detailed analysis of the L4-L5 lumbar spine segment, making a survey of the anatomical, biomechanical, and pathological aspects and respective treatments, with particular attention to lumbar arthroplasty. In a second step was developed the experimental models using vertebrae in composite material. Load tests have been conducted either in native model and implanted model, thereby measuring changes in load transfer through the use of strain gauges placed in the cortex the vertebrae. These models were also used at a later stage in order to validate the numerical models. These finite element models were developed in the third phase to evaluate biomechanical parameters such as strain on cortical bone and micromotion between prosthesis and bone in tow conditions, representative of post-surgery and long term. These models were compared with the experimental models, resulting in a good correlation between them. The results obtained in the experimental and numerical models show a clear change in the load transfer between the native model and implanted model. They show an increasing strain on the cortical and cancellous bone in particular in the central area of the vertebral bodies. This presents risks of bone resorption and bone fatigue failure.
It follows therefore that the prostheses of the column must be the subject to improvements in terms of design and materials in order to reduce the alterations produce in the structures in a biomechanical point of view.