Journal articles: 'Lolium'

1

Al-Sa'idy, Hussein Ali Hussein, and Hussein Kamil Hamid. "Pharmacognostic Characteristics, Chemistry, Biological Activity And Toxicity of Lolium Species." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 10, no. 6 (December 14, 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i6.1208.

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Around seven species of the genous lolium poisonous grasses belonging to the family Poaceae are mutually grown in corps field over the world. In Iraq the prennel ryegrass is locally called “rewatta”.The toxicity of these gasses are related to three chemically distinct alkaloids groups; the aminopyrrolizidine; lolines, indole-diterpenes (ergots, loliterms, and paxillines) as well as peramine alkaloids mostly concentrated in their seeds although indole-diterpene alkaloids loliterm B and paxilline biosynthesis requires endophytes symbiosis. The level of loline alkaloids enhances in both late summer-autumn of the year as well as in the infected dry plant materials up to 10 fold. However, paxilline and ergovaline are believed to be the precursor of the most toxic lolium species alkaloids, loliterm B, although, indole-diterpene alkaloids paxillines, loliterms and ergovaline are the actual indicators of Lolium species. In this review we summarize chemical characteristics, biological and toxicological influences as well as their interrelation of the plant of lolium genus. Central as well as peripheral biological/toxicological manifestations are summarized for both loline and indole-diterpene alkaloids. Finally, toxic influences of lolium alkaloids are function of their biological influences mostly exhibited via resembling molecular mechansims centrally as well as peripherallyare concluded.

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2

Cao, M., L. Johnson, R. Johnson, A. Koulman, G. A. Lane, and S. Rasmussen. "joint analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic data to probe ryegrass-endophyte symbiosis." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3051.

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Fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) produce a range of bioactive alkaloids which are implicated in both toxicity to grazing animals and resistance to insects. The understanding of regulatory and biochemical mechanisms of the symbiosis will provide clues for the genetic manipulation of beneficial alkaloid production. This paper presents approaches to analyse data from high-throughput microarray experiments and targeted metabolomic analyses. Combined with bioinformatics analyses, potential genes were found associated with the accumulation of alkaloids and other metabolites. The advantages and limitations of our approach to address the molecular mechanisms of the symbiosis will be discussed. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, metabolomics, microarray

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3

Leers, Hans. "Lolium temulentum." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 14, no. 04 (April 2, 2007): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937433.

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4

Bugge, Gisela. "Stickstoffausnutzungsvermögen von Lolium perenne und Lolium multiflorum-Sorten." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 161, no. 1 (August 1988): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1988.tb00645.x.

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5

Warpeha, KMF, T. J. Gilliland, and I. Capesius. "An evaluation of rDNA variation in Lolium species (ryegrass)." Genome 41, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-022.

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Species of the genus Lolium are important fodder and turf grasses for agricultural and amenity use world-wide. Difficulties currently exist regarding the taxonomy of Lolium species and also in the demarcation between Lolium and the genus Festuca, with the debate focusing on the status of Festuca pratensis and its relations. The diversity in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in Lolium was investigated. Cloned probes for rDNA, derived from the intergenic spacer (IGS-M) and transcribed regions (COD-M) of mustard (Sinapis alba) were used to investigate species relationships. Genomic DNA from seven Lolium taxa, F. pratensis, and xFestulolium braunii, were assessed for variation in rDNA by RFLP. Data support continued recognition of existing Lolium species' demarcations, and provided more taxonomic insight between allogamous Lolium taxa and F. pratensis. The COD-M and IGS-M probes grouped taxa by reproductive mode. The IGS-M probe distinguished all species as unique entities and established that hybrids, xFestulolium braunii and Lolium xboucheanum, had rDNA phenotypes that were composites of their parental species. The evolution of the ribosomal repeat unit is discussed and the potential for further rDNA taxonomic study in Lolium is considered.Key words: Lolium, variation, ribosomal, rDNA, RFLP.

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6

Shetty, Prathap Kumar Halady, Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, Niels Roulund, and Birte Boelt. "Occurrence of Neotyphodium endophytes in perennial ryegreass (lolium perenne) and gescue (Festuca spp.), and characterisation of selected isolates with respect to toxin production, drought and insect resistance." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3101.

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Neotyphodium endophytes infect the natural grass populations of Lolium perenne and Festuca sp. L. perenne samples were collected from 62 different locations in Denmark and were analysed for the presence of Neotyphodium lolii.

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Carnide, Valdemar, Juan Orellana, and Manuel A. M. Do Valle Ribeiro. "Nucleolar organiser activity in Lolium and Festuca. 1. Lolium multiflorum, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium—Festuca Hybrids." Heredity 56, no. 3 (June 1986): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1986.52.

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8

Kemešytė, Vilma, Nijolė Lemežienė, Vaclovas Stukonis, and Juozas Kanapeckas. "Morphological and Anatomical Traits of Short-Lived Ryegrass." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0050.

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The ryegrass species are visually similar, and therefore, correct identification of short-lived species is very important in breeding work. The aim of the current study was to identify short-lived ryegrass species and subspecies using anatomical and morphological characteristics. The study was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (during 2007-2010). The assessment of morphological and anatomical traits showed that average values for species diverged, but values for individual plants often overlapped between species. One of the most characteristic traits of Lolium. x hybridum was darker leaf colour (6.7 score). Awns are characteristic for both Lolium multiflorum subspecies, while perennial ryegrass plants are awn-less. Lolium x hybridum has a short awn or no awn, depending on which parental (Lolium perenne or Lolium multiflorum) species trait was stronger. As a result, identification of short-lived species according to this trait is difficult, and sometimes impossible. Analysis of leaf cross-section of short-lived ryegrass species indicated that a characteristic of Lolium multiflorum subsp. multiflorum was conjugation of sclerenchyma fibres not only in the central but also in lateral bundles, in contrast with Lolium multiflorum subsp. italicum and Lolium x hybridum. Lolium multiflorum subsp. multiflorum. This difference occurs only at the inflorescence emergence stage

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9

Scott, B., D. Takemoto, A. Tanaka, C. A. Young, M. K. Bryant, and K. J. May. "Functional analysis of the Epichloe festucae-perennial ryegrass symbiosis." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3117.

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Although much is known about the beneficial and detrimental effects of the interaction between Neotyphodium lolii and Lolium perenne in the field comparatively little is known about the molecular and cellular events that underlie these effects and how mutualism is maintained. Because N. lolii is quite intractable to genetic analysis we have developed the synthetic association between EpichloÃ« festucae and perennial ryegrass as our model experimental system to study the epichloÃ« endophytegrass symbiotic interaction. Using this system we have recently shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by a specific endophyte NADPH oxidase (NoxA) have a critical role in regulating hyphal growth and development in perennial ryegrass. We have also shown that two additional components, NoxR and RacA, are required to regulate ROS production to maintain a mutualistic interaction. Using a combined molecular and genetic approach we have recently cloned and characterised genes for peramine and lolitrem biosynthesis. An overview of these advances and the opportunities now available to better understand and exploit this important fungal-grass interaction is presented. Keywords: EpichloÃ« festucae, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, peramine, lolitrems, reactive oxygen species

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Cooper, B. M., D. E. Hume, K. A. Panckhurst, and A. J. Popay. "Agronomic response of Italian ryegrasses infected with different Neotyphodium strains." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3147.

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Italian (Lolium multiflorum) and short-term hybrid ryegrasses (L. boucheanum) are utilised by farmers for their reliable establishment and yield potential for winter feeding, but lack summer production and persistence. To improve the performance of these ryegrasses, endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) strains from perennial ryegrass were inoculated into several cultivars and evaluated for agronomic performance in the Northland region of New Zealand. 'Moata' tetraploid Italian ryegrass families usually showed a reduction in yield when infected with the AR5 strain compared with endophyte-free Moata. Infection of the Italian ryegrass cultivars 'Corvette' and 'Status' with the N. lolii endophytes strains, AR1 and more particularly AR37, usually increased plant production and persistence. Natural infection with the N. occultans endophyte also improved plant performance. Improved plant performance was most closely associated with reduced damage from African black beetle. Interactions between plant line/cultivar and endophyte strain offer the potential for plant breeders to provide enhanced endophyte-infected cultivars of Italian ryegrasses to farmers. Keywords: endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, Neotyphodium occultans, Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, dry matter yields, plant persistence, insect damage

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11

Tomasetto, F., O. Olaniyan, and S. L. Goldson. "Ploidy in Lolium spp. cultivars affects Argentine stem weevil parasitism by Microctonus hyperodae." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.98.

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A laboratory study was conducted to: (1) advance earlier work to determine the susceptibility of Listronotus bonariensis (Argentine stem weevil) to its parasitoid biological control agent, Microctonus hyperodae, in the presence of diploid ryegrasses such as Lolium multiflorum or Lolium perenne; and (2) determine whether or not plant orientation (i.e. horizontal vs. vertical) had any effect on parasitism rates. No significant differences in parasitism rates were found in the Listronotus bonariensis populations in the two grasses. However, combining and analysing these data with those from an earlier experiment conducted in the same way showed that parasitism rates were significantly lower in diploid Lolium multiflorum cultivars than in tetraploid Lolium multiflorum. This is the first clear evidence of a ploidy effect on parasitism rates in the presence of Lolium multiflorum. Tetraploid Lolium multiflorum has fewer, more robust and larger tillers than the diploid Lolium spp. so higher parasitism rates may be related to the lack of hiding places for an evasive genetically-driven behaviourally-based resistance by Listronotus bonariensis.

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12

Chanway, C. P., F. B. Holl, and R. Turkington. "Specificity of association between Bacillus isolates and genotypes of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens from a grass – legume pasture." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 1126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-142.

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Specificity between plants and associated rhizosphere bacteria was investigated using species and genotypic mixtures of Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) and Trifolium repens L. (white clover) inoculated with Bacillus strains isolated from rhizosphere soil of the pasture plants. The genotypic identity of plants was controlled by using stolon tips (Trifolium) and tillers (Lolium) of three genotypes of each species collected from a 45-year-old permanent pasture. Inoculation of plants in the greenhouse with Bacillus isolates that had coexisted in the field with the Lolium component of a Lolium–Trifolium mixture increased Lolium root and shoot weight. Root and nodule weight of Trifolium in mixture regardless of its genotype was also higher when coexistent Bacillus–Lolium combinations were present. The presence of other coexistent Bacillus–plant or plant–plant combinations did not enhance performance of either pasture species. The identity of the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strains that formed Trifolium root nodules was unaffected by inoculation with Bacillus. Key words: Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne, Bacillus, specificity, rhizosphere, yield.

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13

Hume, D. E., M. J. Hickey, and B. A. Tapper. "Degradation of endophyte alkaloids in field-dried cut ryegrass herbage." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3068.

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The stability of endophyte alkaloids was investigated in ryegrass herbage cut and then dried in the field under a simulated hay drying regime in early and mid-summer. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with typical 'wild-type' and the 'AR37' strain of endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) was measured for peramine, ergovaline and lolitrem B for wild-type, and epoxy-janthitrems for AR37. Despite very contrasting weather conditions, relative decline in alkaloid concentrations was similar in both early and mid-summer. Concentrations had halved within 5 to 7 days, except for lolitrem B in mid-summer which had no decline until after 4 days of drying. Ergovaline showed quite variable and erratic responses over time possibly due to the low concentrations in the cut herbage. At least in the mid-summer experiment, if herbage had been conserved at the time of normal haying making, alkaloid concentrations would have been similar to those of the herbage at the time of cutting. Keywords: endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, peramine, lolitrem, ergovaline, janthitrems

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14

Chen, Li Li, Yan Feng, Dang Quan Zhang, Ying She Luo, Rong Chen, and Xiao Lei Zhang. "Nutritional Value Change during Processing Forage Block from Under-Forest Interplanting Lolium Perenne." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1849.

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In order to make use of the under-forest economy, Lolium perenne were interplanted under the trees, and the effect of coarse fodder processing on the nutrient content of under-forest interplanting Lolium perenne was analyzed. The result showed that the contents of calcium and phosphorus of under-forest interplanting Lolium perenne were 0.79% and 0.119%, while those of forage blocks processed were 0.82% and 0.115%, and the one starch-added were 0.74% and 0.125%, respectively. The calcium contents were 0.51%, 0.67% and 0.76% when the ratio of Lolium multiflorum/ Illicium verum were 100:1, 200:1 and 300:1 in the processed forage blocks, and the phosphorus contents were 0.121%, 0.123% and 0.127%, respectively. The results suggested that the coarse fodder processing and additive have no obvious influence on the mineral nutrients of Lolium perenne during forage block processing, and the optimal ratio of Lolium perenne/ Illicium verum is 300:1 in the forage.

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15

LOOS, B. P., and C. E. JARVIS. "The typification of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium temulentum L. (Poaceae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 108, no. 4 (April 1992): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb00254.x.

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16

Jenkins, G. "Synaptonemal complex formation in hybrids of Lolium temulentum � Lolium perenne (L.)." Chromosoma 92, no. 5 (September 1985): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00327471.

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17

Jenkins, G. "Synaptonemal complex formation in hybrids of Lolium temulentum � Lolium perenne (L.)." Chromosoma 92, no. 2 (June 1985): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00328459.

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18

Voisey, C. R., A. K. Khan, Z. A. Park, L. J. Johnson, R. D. Johnson, M. Ramakrishna, M. Cao, et al. "Development of an Affymetrux dual species ( Neotyphodium lolii/Lolium perenne) Symbiosis GeneChip." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3136.

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The aim of this project was to undertake large scale transcript profiling of endophyte and plant genes during symbiosis, and to determine the impact of targeted endophyte gene deletions on expression of plant and endophyte genes. We have designed and developed an Affymetrix NimbleExpressâ„¢ GeneChipÂ® representing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii Lp19 and its ryegrass host, Lolium perenne. In total, 8511 genes were represented on the microarrays with approximately eleven 25 base pair oligonucleotides per gene. Experiments were conducted to analyse differential expression of genes from endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plant material, and from endophytes grown in culture. In some symbioses, endophytes had targeted mutations in genes involved in signalling, synthesis of secondary metabolites or in genes of unknown function. Here we describe the processes which guided design of the GeneChipÂ®, the results of quality control assessments of hybridised arrays and considerations concerning statistical analyses of gene expression. Keywords: Affymetrix, GeneChipÂ®, NimbleExpress, Neotyphodium lolii, EpichloÃ« festucae, ryegrass, Lolium perenne, endophyte, symbiosis.

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suliman, Sajad, and Sukhvinder singh. "Lolium perenne as an uncultivated forage grass of District Baramulla(JK)India: Case study." SDRP-Journal of Plant Science 5, no. 1 (2022): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jps.5.1.cr.10807.

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Lolium perenne L. commonly known as “ray grass” is a temperate grass species commonly used as pasture for livestock. Lolium perennen belongs to family Poaceae and is a perennial herb. It has great economic importance owing to its suitability as a forage grass. Lolium perenne is cultivated in fields for forage grass to feed livestock. However, current study focuses on Lolium perenne as uncultivated forage grass. Ray grass is widely distributed in cultivated and uncultivated fields, mostly found in moist places, banks of stream, pastures etc. Farmers benefit from the uncultivated growth of ray grass to feed their livestock. Keywords: Ray grass, Poaceae, Forage, Uncultivated, Livestock

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20

Hague, L. M., and R. N. Jones. "Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 74, no. 2 (June 1987): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289974.

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21

Rasmussen, S., A. J. Parsons, Q. Liu, H. Xue, and J. A. Newman. "High nutrient supply and carbohydrate content reduce endophyte and alkaloid concentration." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3103.

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Two controlled environment experiments were performed to test the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates on endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and alkaloid concentrations in ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Three perennial ryegrass cultivars ('high sugar grasses' AberDove and AberDart; control Fennema) that differ in carbohydrate content were infected with three strains of N. lolii (common strain, CS; AR1; AR37). Infected and uninfected plants were grown under high (9 mM) and low (2.25 mM) nitrogen (AberDove, Fennema; CS, AR1, AR37) or under high (2 mM KH2PO4) and low (0.05 mM KH2PO4) phosphorus (AberDart, Fennema; CS, AR1). Quantitative realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was used to estimate endophyte concentrations in harvested leaf tissues. High N and P supply as well as high carbohydrate content of the host grass reduced endophyte concentrations. Alkaloid production was also reduced under both increased N supply and in the high sugar cultivar, and was linearly related to endophyte concentration (except ergovaline). The results stress the need for wider quantification of fungal endophytes in the grassland/ foliar endophyte context, and have implications for how introducing new cultivars, novel endophytes, or increasing nutrient inputs, affect the role of endophytes in grassland ecosystems. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, foliar endophyte, Lolium perenne, perennial ryegrass, qPCR, high sugar ryegrass, nitrogen, phosphate, carbohydrate, AR1, AR37, alkaloids

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22

Cao, Mingshu, David A. Sleper, Fenggao Dong, and Jiming Jiang. "Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) reveals high chromosome pairing affinity between Lolium perenne and Festuca mairei." Genome 43, no. 2 (March 15, 2000): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-129.

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Intergeneric hybridizations have been made between species of Lolium and Festuca. It has been demonstrated, largely through conventional cytogenetic analysis, that the genomes of the two genera are related, however, much information is lacking on exactly how closely related the genomes are between the two species. We applied genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) techniques to the F1 hybrids of tetraploid Festuca mairei with a genomic constitution of M1M1M2M2 and diploid Lolium perenne with a genomic constitution of LL. It was shown in the triploid hybrids (LM1M2) that the chromosomes of M1 and M2 from F. mairei could pair with each other, and it was further discovered that L chromosomes of L. perenne paired with M1 and M2 chromosomes. Our results showed that meiocytes of Lolium-Festuca are amenable to GISH analysis, and provided direct evidence for the hypothesis that the chromosomes of Lolium and Festuca may be genetically equivalent and that reciprocal mixing of the genomes may be possible. Key words: Lolium, Festuca, in situ hybridization, meiosis.

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Jenkins, G. "Synaptonemal complex formation in hybrids of Lolium temulentum x Lolium perenne (L.)." Chromosoma 93, no. 5 (April 1986): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00285823.

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Yanniccari, Marcos, Carolina Istilart, Daniel O. Giménez, and Ana M. Castro. "Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in Lolium perenne and hybrids with Lolium multiflorum." Crop Protection 71 (May 2015): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.01.024.

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Dalton, S. J., A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, and P. Morris. "Co-transformed, diploid Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) and Lolium temulentum (darnel) plants produced by microprojectile bombardment." Plant Cell Reports 18, no. 9 (May 11, 1999): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050649.

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26

Oliveira, Lucas Vargas, Otoniel Geter Lauz Ferreira, Régis Antonio Teixeira Coelho, Pâmela Peres Farias, and Roberta Farias Silveira. "Características produtivas e morfofisiológicas de cultivares de azevém." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 44, no. 2 (June 2014): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-40632014000200011.

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Nos últimos anos, diversas cultivares de azevém têm sido lançadas no mercado brasileiro, sendo necessário que estejam devidamente caracterizadas produtiva e morfofisiologicamente, para subsidiar a escolha do genótipo adequado a cada ambiente e sistema de produção. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar, em casade-vegetação, as características produtivas e morfofisiológicas de cultivares de azevém submetido a cortes. Os tratamentos consistiram de três cultivares diploides [Comum-RS (Lolium multiflorum), Pronto® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) e Conquest® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum)] e quatro tetraploides [INIA Titan® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum), Winter Star® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum), KLM 138® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum) e Banquet II® (Lolium perenne)], dispostas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituindo sete tratamentos, com seis repetições. Foram analisadas a massa de forragem, taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), área foliar (AF), razão de área foliar (RAF), razão de massa de folhas (RMF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), tempo para o primeiro corte e intervalo de cortes. Houve diferença para todas as variáveis citadas. Maior massa de forragem foi observada para a cultivar INIA Titan®, bem como maiores RAF, RMF, AFE, TAL e TCR, para a cultivar Pronto®, e maior TCA, para Banquet II®. A cultivar Pronto® apresentou produção precoce (51 dias até o primeiro corte) e rápido rebrote (11 dias de intervalo de corte) e a INIA Titan® rápido rebrote (15 dias de intervalo de corte), aliado a elevada massa de forragem.

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Chaturvedi, Rajiv, Tanya Soboleva, Linda Johnson, Anthony Parsons, and Susanne Rasmussen. "Systems level modelling of metabolism in fungal endophytes - implications for the symbiosis with ryegrass." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3049.

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We used constraint based stoichiometric modelling of metabolic fluxes in EpichloÃ‘' festucae (FL1), a targeted gene replacement of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (termed sidF) from E. festucae, and the symbiotic association of these endophytic fungi and their host Lolium perenne. SidF encodes an excreted ironchelating siderophore and the sidF knockouts (KO) are impaired in their ability to take up iron. After constructing the metabolic network at a genome scale, we applied constraints on enzymatic reactions that require iron as co-factor to study the variations in metabolic network capabilities of the siderophore mutant versus wildtype, in culture and in planta. We compared fluxes calculated for the production of amino acids with observed concentrations of these amino acids in planta. We report a counter-intuitive result from considering metabolism on a systems level in our models. Keywords: stoichiometric metabolic network modelling, flux balance analysis, symbiosis, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, EpichloÃ‘' festucae.

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Mcneill, M. R., D. E. Hume, R. Ashby, M. Ashby, P. Brandon, P. Guscott, B. Tosswill, and R. Barton. "Ryegrass production in Wairarapa, New Zealand: is biological control of Argentine stem weevil important?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3148.

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To investigate the interaction between Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis), its parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae, fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and its grass host, four endophyte-ryegrass (Lolium perenne) treatments were established on four farms in Wairarapa in autumn 2003. A diploid ryegrass contained either wild-type or AR1 endophyte or was endophytefree, while a tetraploid ryegrass contained AR1 endophyte. Wild-type, AR1 and endophyte-free ryegrasses average 52%, 91% and 2% endophyte-infected tillers for the 3 years of measurement. Moderate increases over time in the proportion of wild-type infected tillers indicated selection pressures favoured endophyte-infected tillers. Endophyte-free tiller populations were 11% lower than AR1 or wild-type but not significantly so. L. bonariensis populations were highest in endophyte-free and wild-type pastures and 80% lower in AR1 pastures. Mean rates of parasitism in L. bonariensis were lower in spring (9%) than autumn (35%), tended to be higher in wild-type than in AR1 diploid ryegrass, and only had a weak relationship with percent endophyte-infection. Keywords: endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, dry matter yields, plant persistence, Listronotus bonariensis, Microctonus hyperodae

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WU, Shenmao, Liping YIN, Zhirui DENG, Qin CHEN, Yining FU, and Huajie XUE. "Using DNA Barcoding to Identify the Genus Lolium." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4329747.

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Seeds of the genus Lolium are difficult to identify based on morphology for morphological likeness and some physical deformation such as friction and flattening during storage and transport. DNA barcoding, a newly-established method, has been used to discriminate a variety of agricultural crops with its own advantages. In present study, DNA barcodes for the genus Lolium were investigated for the first time. DNA sequences of psbA-trnH, rbcL, atpF-atpH, and the ITS2 region were evaluated for their ability to differentiate Lolium from the related genus Festuca. As confirmed by inter-intraspecific divergence and Kimura 2 parameter analysis, the greatest divergence existed in ITS2, followed by psbA-trnH. On the contrary, rbcL and atpF-atpH possessed poor genetic variation of 0-0.0115, and was relatively difficult in discrimination of genus Lolium. For ITS2 sequence, no inter-intraspecific distance overlaps were observed and each species has a distinct barcoding gap. ITS2 could effectively discriminate all species based on a neighbor-joining tree. Thus, the ITS2 region is a candidate for DNA barcoding of Lolium.

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Kloot, PM. "Influence of environmental factors on the germination of barley grass (Hordeum glaucum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (1987): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870525.

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The ability of Hordeum glaucum to germinate and initially grow faster than Lolium rigidum was found to be influenced by the soil's physical state and its chemical characteristics. Glasshouse studies showed that the replacement of Lolium by Hordeum in undisturbed situations was due to the advantage of the latter having awned florets which anchor and lever the seed on smooth, compacted surfaces. Soil disturbance produces a broken surface upon which Hordeum has no advantage over Lolium. Hordeum is also able to germinate under higher osmotic pressures than is Lolium. Higher osmotic pressures will arise on stock camps and on alkaline soils where the salts are of biological and pedological origin respectively. Glasshouse and field observations showed that the top 3 mm of the soil surface are drier and more saline than the soil profile generally as indicated from measurements on soil cores. In undisturbed soil this surface layer will favour the dominance of Hordeum over Lolium. In cultivated soil the layer will be diluted throughout the depth of cultivation.

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Panozzo, Silvia, Alberto Collavo, and Maurizio Sattin. "Sensitivity Analysis of Italian Lolium spp. to Glyphosate in Agricultural Environments." Plants 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020165.

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Empirical observations generally indicate a shifting and decreased Lolium spp. susceptibility to glyphosate in Italy. This is likely due to the long history of glyphosate use and to the sub-lethal doses commonly used. There is, therefore, a need to determine the variability of response of Lolium spp. to glyphosate and identify the optimum field dose. To perform a sensitivity analysis on Lolium spp. populations in an agriculture area, collection sites were mainly chosen where glyphosate had not been applied intensely. Known glyphosate-resistant or in-shifting populations were included. Two outdoor dose-response pot experiments, including eleven doses of glyphosate, were conducted. The dose to control at least 93%–95% of susceptible Lolium spp. was around 450 g a.e. ha−1. However, to preserve its efficacy in the long term, it would be desirable not to have survivors, and this was reached at a glyphosate dose of 560 ± 88 g a.e. ha−1. Taking into account the variability of response among populations, it was established that the optimal dose of glyphosate to control Lolium spp. in Italy up to the stage BBCH 21 has to be at least 700 g a.e. ha−1. As a consequence, it is recommended to increase the label recommended field rate for Lolium spp. control in Italy to a minimum of 720 g a.e. ha−1.

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Liu, Q., A. J. Parsons, H. Xue, H. Harzer, and S. Rasmussen. "Menage a trois - are two fungi too much for ryegrass?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3055.

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A pot experiment investigated interactions between foliar endophytic (EP, Neotyphodium lolii) and root arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM, Glomus mosseae) fungi in Lolium perenne. The effects of three phosphorus (P) forms (KH2PO4-P, phosphate rock-P (PR) and phytate-P) on EP and AM colonisation and plant growth parameters were also assessed. AM arbuscular and vesicular structures were estimated by microscopic counting and fungal concentrations were quantified by qPCR of G. mosseae and N. lolii specific genes. Significantly more AM structures were formed in roots of EP-free compared to EP-infected plants, indicating that AM development is suppressed by the presence of foliar EPs. Total AM concentrations were also generally higher in EP-free plant roots, but not significantly. EP concentrations were significantly reduced by higher plant-available P in the growth medium, but mycorrhizal infection did not significant affect EP concentrations. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot dry matter (DM) at low plant-available P in the PR treatment. Infection with the endophytic strain AR37 also significantly increased shoot DM and fungal concentrations were higher compared to CS (common or wild-type strain)- and AR1-infected plants. Insoluble phytate-P produced the same amount of biomass as soluble-P (K-Pi) did, suggesting that L. perenne has the ability to use organic P. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, Glomus mosseae, foliar endophyte, arbuscular mycorrhizae, Lolium perenne, qPCR, phosphate, AR1, AR37

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Novotná, Monika, Pavlína Hloučalová, Jiří Skládanka, and Radovan Pokorný. "Effect of Weather on the Occurrence of Puccinia Graminis Subsp. Graminicola and Puccinia Coronata F. Sp. Lolii at Lolium Perenne L. and Deschampsia Caespitosa (L.) P. B." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 1 (2017): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765010125.

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Monitoring of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola and Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii was carried out in Plant breeding station called Větrov. The pathogens were estimated on turf grass (Lolium perenne L., Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. B.) from 2009 to 2014. Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola was detected in the increased level in 2009 and 2012. The highest amount of mixed infections was determined in 2014 because of the warmest winter from all monitored years and low precipitations. Significant differences were found out in the resistance of similar plant materials grown in different fields. Significant effect of weather conditions and supposed effect of different infectious pressure on various fields were reflected in these facts. At evaluated grasses, the highest (P < 0.05) occurence of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola. Lolium perenne L. was observed and the infection of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola (P < 0.05) was determined higher than in Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. B.

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Zhang, N., M. Raftery, Richardson Christensen, and J. Schmid. "Neotyphodium lolii induces a limited host defence response by Lolium perenne." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3050.

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We have identified three proteins specifically expressed during the interaction between N. lolii and L. perenne in natural compatible associations. Two are pathogenesis-related PR-10 proteins, part of a ubiquitous plant response to pathogens. We have identified seven different L. perenne PR-10 genes and found that endophyte infection increases PR-10 transcript levels, but only mildly. Furthermore, PR-10 mRNA levels also increase in a dysfunctional symbiosis, but the two identified PR-10 proteins are absent. This suggests that part of the regulation of protein expression is at the level of translation and that PR-10 proteins could be required for the symbiosis to be functional. A third symbiosis-specific protein is a very highly expressed N. lolii superoxide dismutase. Such enzymes neutralise superoxide formed by plants as a defence mechanism. Our results suggest that N. lolii elicits a limited host defence, comparable to that elicited by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, host response, proteomics, gene expresion, pathogenesis related protein PR-10, fungal superoxide dismutase

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35

Monnet, Fabien, Nathalie Vaillant, Adnane Hitmi, Alain Coudret, and Huguette Sallanon. "Endophytic Neotyphodium lolii induced tolerance to Zn stress in Lolium perenne." Physiologia Plantarum 113, no. 4 (December 2001): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1130415.x.

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Cunningham, P. J., J. Z. Foot, and K. F. M. Reed. "Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) endophyte (Acremonium lolii) relationships: the Australian experience." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 44, no. 1-4 (March 1993): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(93)90044-p.

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37

Evans, G. M., and E. W. Davies. "The genetics of meiotic chromosome pairing in Lolium temulentum x Lolium perenne tetraploids." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 71, no. 2 (December 1985): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00252054.

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KLINGA, KARIN. "Aneuploidy in induced autotetraploid populations of Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne." Hereditas 104, no. 1 (February 14, 2008): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00519.x.

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KLINGA, KARIN. "Aneuploidy in induced autotetraploid populations of Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne." Hereditas 104, no. 1 (February 14, 2008): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00525.x.

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40

Newell, C. A., and J. C. Gray. "Regeneration from leaf-base explants of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum L." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 80, no. 2 (February 2005): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-0588-5.

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41

Wilman, D., Y. Gao, and P. J. Michaud. "Morphology and position of the shoot apex in some temperate grasses." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 3 (June 1994): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067307.

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SUMMARYThe morphology and position of the shoot apex in field swards was studied in 12 grasses for 12 months, in eight related grasses in 2 years, and in seedlings, young tillers and older tillers of Lolium perenne.Lolium multiflorum had relatively large numbers of primordia, long apices, which were above ground or near ground level, and a small length of apex per primordium. Festuca arundinacea had few primordia, a large length of apex per primordium, and apices which were well below ground or near ground level. Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Lolium × Festuca hybrids were intermediate between Lolium multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea in numbers of primordia and length of apex per primordium. Festuca rubra and Dactylis glomerata had rather small numbers of primordia, whereas Phleum pratense had relatively large numbers of primordia and of unemerged and emerged leaves.The numbers of leaf primordia in Lolium perenne increased as the seedling main shoots or the tillers grew older, while the numbers of unemerged leaves per shoot remained more constant.The morphology, position and protection of shoot apices are discussed in relation to differences between species in rate of establishment and persistence.

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Tapper, B. A., and G. C. M. Latch. "Selection against toxin production in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 7 (January 1, 1999): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.7.1999.3389.

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Strains of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) from nature can be selected by analysis of the alkaloid profiles in plants from diverse seed collections. Lolitrem B, ergovaline, and peramine are the alkaloids of primary interest. The selected endophytes can be cultured and transferred into improved cultivars or breeding lines to reduce or eliminate grazing animal toxicoses while significant plant protection qualities can be maintained. Because the endophytes are transmitted only through seed, stable infections with selected endophytes in pastures can be achieved. Keywords: alkaloids, endophyte, ergovaline, lolitrem, Neotyphodium lolii, peramine, perennial ryegrass

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Hume, D. E. "Establishing and maintaining a toxin-free pasture: a review." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 7 (January 1, 1999): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.7.1999.3390.

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This paper reviews how new pastures may become contaminated with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with wild-type fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium lolii). These wild-type endophyte strains may be toxic to domestic livestock. Sources are from seed (natural reseeding, buried seed, sown seed, in dung, hay, carried on farm machinery) and survival of existing infected ryegrass plants. In particular, seed in soil and dung are reviewed. Contamination may occur both pre- and postestablishment. It is recommended that steps should be taken to minimise contamination from all sources when establishing new pastures. Although normal establishment practices for successful rapid establishment of weed-free pastures (e.g., cropping, fallow, herbicides) will minimise the risk of contamination, a number of cases highlight that extra time (e.g., 18-24 months planning rather 6- 12 months) and consideration of all sources of contamination is needed to minimise risk. Once established, further measures should be taken to prevent seed being transferred in dung or hay. This has implications when establishing pastures with endophyte-free ryegrasses, ryegrasses with selected non-toxic endophytes, a new ryegrass cultivar, or other grasses (e.g., tall fescue), whether for grazing by animals or for seed production. Keywords: endophyte, endophyte survival, faeces, Lolium perenne, natural reseeding, Neotyphodium lolii, pasture establishment, perennial ryegrass, seed burial, seed survival, tall fescue

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Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta, Verónica Cortés-Jiménez, Mabel Vaca-Mier, and Victor Domínguez-Soria. "Phytoremediation of Mine Tailings Using Lolium Multiflorum." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 4 (2015): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.599.

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45

LATCH, G. C. M., and B. A. TAPPER. "LOLIUM ENDOPHYTES-PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS." Mycotoxins 1988, no. 1Supplement (1988): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1988.1supplement_220.

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46

Tufariello, Joseph J., Harold Meckler, and Kevin Winzenberg. "Synthesis of the lolium alkaloids." Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 18 (September 1986): 3556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00368a035.

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47

Keating, T., and P. O' Kiely. "Beef production from silages produced from Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne and permanent grassland swards." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019139.

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Grass forms a major component of the total ruminant feed in both Ireland and the UK. Much of the grassland consists of permanent swards of diverse botanical composition with many of the grass species present considered ‘secondary’ or ‘undesirable’ (Frame and Tiley, 1987). The objective of this study was to compare reseeded Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne swards with an old permanent grassland sward managed under intensive silage conservation systems, and to determine the annual production of grass silage and subsequent beef carcass output per hectare when the silages were offered to finishing cattle.

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BARYŁA, RYSZARD, and MARIUSZ ARTUR KULIK. "Ocena przydatności wybranych odmian Lolium perenne L. do mieszanek pastwiskowych na gleby torfowo-murszowe." Agronomy Science 68, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2013.2.2.

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Celem pracy jest ocena przydatności wybranych odmian Lolium perenne do mieszanek pastwiskowych na gleby torfowo-murszowe. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 1997–2008 na kompleksie siedliska pobagiennego (gleba torfowo-murszowa Mt II) w Sosnowicy w dolinie rzeki Piwonii. W badaniach oceniano zmiany składu gatunkowego pastwiska wypasanego bydłem rasy mięsnej limousine, z udziałem 9 wybranych odmian Lolium perenne (‘Anna’, ‘Arka’, ‘Maja’, ‘Solen’, ród SZD-291, ‘Baristra’, ‘Rela’, ‘Barezane’, ‘Barlano’) wysianych w mieszankach z innymi gatunkami. Odmiany Lolium perenne odznaczały się zróżnicowanym udziałem w runi, co wskazuje na ich różną reakcję na użytkowanie pastwiskowe i warunki siedliskowe. Największym udziałem charakteryzowały się odmiany ‘Anna’ i ‘Maja’, natomiast najmniejszym ‘Rela’ i ‘Barezane’.

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Draszawka-Bołzan, Beata. "The Influence of Multicomponent Fertilizers on the Concentration of Potassium in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 13 (September 2013): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.13.188.

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A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001. Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 15 and Polimag 306, Travit at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 gN per pot. The total forms of potassium were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers. The chemical analyses indicated that increasing rates of the fertilizers applied enhanced the contents of potassium. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 8 it ranged from 3.49- 4.92 %. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 15 it ranged from 4.29-4.86 %. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polimag 306 it ranged from 4.07-5.17 %. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Travit it ranged from 3.84-4.73 %. The content of potassium in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was mostly higher on objects may receive farm manures fertilisers compared to the control object.

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Draszawka-Bołzan, Beata. "The Influence of Multicomponent Fertilizers on the Concentration of Potassium in Perennial Ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.)." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 13 (May 3, 2013): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-j89vyy.

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A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001. Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 15 and Polimag 306, Travit at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 gN per pot. The total forms of potassium were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers. The chemical analyses indicated that increasing rates of the fertilizers applied enhanced the contents of potassium. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 8 it ranged from 3.49- 4.92 %. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 15 it ranged from 4.29-4.86 %. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polimag 306 it ranged from 4.07-5.17 %. In the content of potassium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Travit it ranged from 3.84-4.73 %. The content of potassium in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was mostly higher on objects may receive farm manures fertilisers compared to the control object.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lolium'

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