Journal articles: 'Lolium multiflorum'

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Kemešytė, Vilma, Nijolė Lemežienė, Vaclovas Stukonis, and Juozas Kanapeckas. "Morphological and Anatomical Traits of Short-Lived Ryegrass." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0050.

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The ryegrass species are visually similar, and therefore, correct identification of short-lived species is very important in breeding work. The aim of the current study was to identify short-lived ryegrass species and subspecies using anatomical and morphological characteristics. The study was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (during 2007-2010). The assessment of morphological and anatomical traits showed that average values for species diverged, but values for individual plants often overlapped between species. One of the most characteristic traits of Lolium. x hybridum was darker leaf colour (6.7 score). Awns are characteristic for both Lolium multiflorum subspecies, while perennial ryegrass plants are awn-less. Lolium x hybridum has a short awn or no awn, depending on which parental (Lolium perenne or Lolium multiflorum) species trait was stronger. As a result, identification of short-lived species according to this trait is difficult, and sometimes impossible. Analysis of leaf cross-section of short-lived ryegrass species indicated that a characteristic of Lolium multiflorum subsp. multiflorum was conjugation of sclerenchyma fibres not only in the central but also in lateral bundles, in contrast with Lolium multiflorum subsp. italicum and Lolium x hybridum. Lolium multiflorum subsp. multiflorum. This difference occurs only at the inflorescence emergence stage

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Tomasetto, F., O. Olaniyan, and S. L. Goldson. "Ploidy in Lolium spp. cultivars affects Argentine stem weevil parasitism by Microctonus hyperodae." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.98.

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A laboratory study was conducted to: (1) advance earlier work to determine the susceptibility of Listronotus bonariensis (Argentine stem weevil) to its parasitoid biological control agent, Microctonus hyperodae, in the presence of diploid ryegrasses such as Lolium multiflorum or Lolium perenne; and (2) determine whether or not plant orientation (i.e. horizontal vs. vertical) had any effect on parasitism rates. No significant differences in parasitism rates were found in the Listronotus bonariensis populations in the two grasses. However, combining and analysing these data with those from an earlier experiment conducted in the same way showed that parasitism rates were significantly lower in diploid Lolium multiflorum cultivars than in tetraploid Lolium multiflorum. This is the first clear evidence of a ploidy effect on parasitism rates in the presence of Lolium multiflorum. Tetraploid Lolium multiflorum has fewer, more robust and larger tillers than the diploid Lolium spp. so higher parasitism rates may be related to the lack of hiding places for an evasive genetically-driven behaviourally-based resistance by Listronotus bonariensis.

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Oliveira, Lucas Vargas, Otoniel Geter Lauz Ferreira, Régis Antonio Teixeira Coelho, Pâmela Peres Farias, and Roberta Farias Silveira. "Características produtivas e morfofisiológicas de cultivares de azevém." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 44, no. 2 (June 2014): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-40632014000200011.

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Nos últimos anos, diversas cultivares de azevém têm sido lançadas no mercado brasileiro, sendo necessário que estejam devidamente caracterizadas produtiva e morfofisiologicamente, para subsidiar a escolha do genótipo adequado a cada ambiente e sistema de produção. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar, em casade-vegetação, as características produtivas e morfofisiológicas de cultivares de azevém submetido a cortes. Os tratamentos consistiram de três cultivares diploides [Comum-RS (Lolium multiflorum), Pronto® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) e Conquest® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum)] e quatro tetraploides [INIA Titan® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum), Winter Star® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum), KLM 138® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum) e Banquet II® (Lolium perenne)], dispostas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituindo sete tratamentos, com seis repetições. Foram analisadas a massa de forragem, taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), área foliar (AF), razão de área foliar (RAF), razão de massa de folhas (RMF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), tempo para o primeiro corte e intervalo de cortes. Houve diferença para todas as variáveis citadas. Maior massa de forragem foi observada para a cultivar INIA Titan®, bem como maiores RAF, RMF, AFE, TAL e TCR, para a cultivar Pronto®, e maior TCA, para Banquet II®. A cultivar Pronto® apresentou produção precoce (51 dias até o primeiro corte) e rápido rebrote (11 dias de intervalo de corte) e a INIA Titan® rápido rebrote (15 dias de intervalo de corte), aliado a elevada massa de forragem.

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Bugge, Gisela. "Stickstoffausnutzungsvermögen von Lolium perenne und Lolium multiflorum-Sorten." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 161, no. 1 (August 1988): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1988.tb00645.x.

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Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta, Verónica Cortés-Jiménez, Mabel Vaca-Mier, and Victor Domínguez-Soria. "Phytoremediation of Mine Tailings Using Lolium Multiflorum." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 4 (2015): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.599.

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Pereira, Roselaine Cristina, Marco Túlio Mendes Ferreira, Lisete Chamma Davide, Moacir Pasqual, Andréa Mittelmann, and Vânia Helena Techio. "Chromosome duplication in Lolium multiflorum Lam." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14, no. 4 (December 2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332014v14n4n39.

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Artificial chromosome duplication of diploid genotypes of Lolium multiflorum (2n=2x=14) is worthy to breeding, and aims to increase the expression of traits with agronomic interest. The purpose of this study was to obtain polyploid plants of L. multiflorum from local diploid populations in order to exploit adaptation and future verification of the effects of polyploidy in agronomic traits. Seedlings were immersed in different colchicine solutions for an exposure time of 3h and 24h. Ploidy determination was made by the DNA content and certified by chromosomes counts. The plants confirmed as tetraploids were placed in a greenhouse, and, at flowering, pollen viability was evaluated, and seeds were harvested to assess the stability of the progenies. The percentage of polyploids obtained was 20%. Pollen viability of the tetraploids generated ranged from 58% to 69%. The tetraploid plants obtained in the experiment generated 164 progenies, of which 109 presented DNA content compatible with the tetraploid level, showing stability of chromosome duplication in the filial generation.

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Falkowski, M., S. Kozłowski, and B. Witkowska. "Charakterystyka anatomiczno-morfologiczna blaszek liściowych odmian Lolium multiflorum [Anatomical-morphological characteristics of Lolium multiflorum leaf blades]." Acta Agrobotanica 31, no. 1–2 (2015): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1978.009.

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Results are reported of morphological-anatomical investigations on cultivated varieties of <i>Lolium multiflorum</i>. These varieties exhibit wide differences as regards the width, thickness and length of leaf blades and thicknes of the dermal layer, mesophyll and diameter of vascular bundles. For a more precise characteristic of varieties the ratio of the derma layer thickness to the vascular bundles diameter and mesophyll thickness is important. In the characterization of varieties the correlations between morphological and anatomical traits of leaves can be utilized.

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Cooper, B. M., D. E. Hume, K. A. Panckhurst, and A. J. Popay. "Agronomic response of Italian ryegrasses infected with different Neotyphodium strains." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3147.

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Italian (Lolium multiflorum) and short-term hybrid ryegrasses (L. boucheanum) are utilised by farmers for their reliable establishment and yield potential for winter feeding, but lack summer production and persistence. To improve the performance of these ryegrasses, endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) strains from perennial ryegrass were inoculated into several cultivars and evaluated for agronomic performance in the Northland region of New Zealand. 'Moata' tetraploid Italian ryegrass families usually showed a reduction in yield when infected with the AR5 strain compared with endophyte-free Moata. Infection of the Italian ryegrass cultivars 'Corvette' and 'Status' with the N. lolii endophytes strains, AR1 and more particularly AR37, usually increased plant production and persistence. Natural infection with the N. occultans endophyte also improved plant performance. Improved plant performance was most closely associated with reduced damage from African black beetle. Interactions between plant line/cultivar and endophyte strain offer the potential for plant breeders to provide enhanced endophyte-infected cultivars of Italian ryegrasses to farmers. Keywords: endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, Neotyphodium occultans, Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, dry matter yields, plant persistence, insect damage

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Chai, Yu Hong, Wen Yao Yan, and Ming Xin Wang. "Purification Effect of Lolium multiflorum Ecological Floating Beds System in Urban Malodorous River at Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2686.

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An ecological floating beds system was constructed to treat natural urban malodorous river in Changzhou at low temperature. Taking Lolium multiflorum as an example of water plant, the characteristics and contribution of its uptake to total nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N, total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) in the system were studied in a period of 80 days. Significant growth of the plant Lolium multiflorum was observed with total biomass ranging from 53 g to 785 g, and the highest growth rates were 8.82 and 9.23 for biomass of above water and under water part, respectively. Different concentrations of TN, NH4+-N, TP and COD were found between in the floating beds and out the floating beds. The highest removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, TP and CODMn using Lolium multiflorum ecological floating beds system were 16.8%, 33.0%,10.8% and 17.8%, respectively. The purification effect of ecological floating beds shows it can be well applied to cleaning natural rivers at low temperatures.

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Gundel, P. E., J. B. Landesmann, M. A. MartÃnez-Ghersa, and C. M. Ghersa. "Effects of Neotyphodium endophyte infection on seed viability and germination vigour in Lolium multiflorum under accelerated ageing conditions." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3111.

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Neotyphodium endophytes are obligate vertically-transmitted endo-symbionts of Lolium multiflorum grass. Thus, the success of endophyte is tied with the success of the seed. Here we present results from experiments aiming to test the effect of endophyte infection on seed viability and germination vigour. Endophyteinfected and non-infected seeds of three L. multiflorum accessions were compared under accelerated ageing conditions (40ÂºC and â‰ˆ15% moisture content). Endophyte negatively affected seed viability and seed germination vigour in only one of the evaluated accessions. The effect of endophyte presence on seed quality in pasture grasses could depend on the population genetic background, and be related to direct or indirect effects of fungal infection on seed morphological or physiological characteristics. Keywords: Lolium multiflorum, Neotyphodium endophyte, seed quality, accelerated ageing

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Scholz, Hildemar. "×Schedolium krasanii – ein neuer Nothospeziesname." Kochia 2 (December 19, 2007): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/kochia.v2.24.

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12

De Conto, L., D. C. Sganzerla, C. E. S. Pedroso, and P. L. Monks. "Relação azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum lam.)-ruminante." Archivos de Zootecnia 60, no. 232 (April 13, 2011): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v60i232.4915.

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O azevém anual é a espécie forrageira de estação fria mais cultivada para pastejo no Sul do Brasil. Suas interessantes características forrageiras aliadas à reduzida produção da maior parte das espécies nativas durante o período de baixas temperaturas justificam a utilização em larga escala. Entretanto, o desconhecimento de suas características morfofisiológicas, bem como do hábito de pastejo dos animais, podem resultar em ganhos de produto animal e vegetal muito inferior ao potencial produtivo. Conforme a produção literária até o presente momento, o adequado manejo desta gramínea deve ter períodos entre desfolhas de 300 a 500 GD e ofertas de matéria seca entre 8 e 18% do peso corporal dos animais, as quais possibilitam maiores produções, tanto vegetal como animal. As ofertas próximas a 8% PV favorecem o desempenho animal por área; enquanto que, as ofertas próximas a 18% PV, o desempenho individual, independe do sistema de pastoreio adotado. Outros fatores de importante impacto nas características morfofisiológicas da pastagem e no comportamento dos animais em pastejo são abordados no presente artigo para de orientar o manejo dos animais em azevém anual e fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas.

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Perez, A., and M. Kogan. "Glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum in Chilean orchards." Weed Research 43, no. 1 (January 31, 2003): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00311.x.

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Pavlova, Margarita, and Elizabeth Kordyum. "Somatic embryogenesis in Lolium multiflorum suspension culture." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 65, no. 1-2 (2014): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1996.007.

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The embryogenic cell suspension was obtained from immature embryos of <em>Lolium multiflorum</em> through a callus culture. Somatic embryogenesis was induced by addition of 2,4-D, dicamba and picloram in 0,5 mg/l concentrations in MS liquid nutrient medium. It was shown that somatic embryos arised from single cells. In globular embryoids, the meristematic cells are characterized by the presence of phytoferritin inclusions in the leucoplasts.

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Sønderskov, Mette, Gayle J. Somerville, Myrtille Lacoste, Jens Erik Jensen, and Niels Holst. "DK-RIM: Assisting Integrated Management of Lolium multiflorum, Italian Ryegrass." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060856.

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Lolium multiflorum (annual Italian ryegrass) and other grass weeds are an increasing problem in cereal cropping systems in Denmark. Grass weeds are highly competitive and an increasing number of species develop resistance against the most commonly used herbicide modes of action. A diverse management strategy provides a better overall control of grass weeds and decreases the reliance on herbicides. The bio-economic decision support system, DK-RIM (Denmark-Ryegrass Integrated Management), was developed to assist integrated management of L. multiflorum in Danish cropping systems, based on the Australian RIM model. DK-RIM provides long-term estimations (10-year period) and visual outputs of L. multiflorum population development, depending on management strategies. The dynamics of L. multiflorum plants within the season and of the soil seed bank across seasons are simulated. The user can combine cultural weed control practices with chemical control options. Cultural practices include crop rotation changes, seeding density, sowing time, soil tillage system, and cover crops. Scenarios with increasing crop rotation diversity or different tillage strategies were evaluated. DK-RIM aims at being an actual support system, aiding the farmer’s decisions and encouraging discussions among stakeholders on alternative management strategies.

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Yanniccari, Marcos, Carolina Istilart, Daniel O. Giménez, and Ana M. Castro. "Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in Lolium perenne and hybrids with Lolium multiflorum." Crop Protection 71 (May 2015): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.01.024.

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Wilman, D., Y. Gao, and P. J. Michaud. "Morphology and position of the shoot apex in some temperate grasses." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 3 (June 1994): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067307.

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SUMMARYThe morphology and position of the shoot apex in field swards was studied in 12 grasses for 12 months, in eight related grasses in 2 years, and in seedlings, young tillers and older tillers of Lolium perenne.Lolium multiflorum had relatively large numbers of primordia, long apices, which were above ground or near ground level, and a small length of apex per primordium. Festuca arundinacea had few primordia, a large length of apex per primordium, and apices which were well below ground or near ground level. Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Lolium × Festuca hybrids were intermediate between Lolium multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea in numbers of primordia and length of apex per primordium. Festuca rubra and Dactylis glomerata had rather small numbers of primordia, whereas Phleum pratense had relatively large numbers of primordia and of unemerged and emerged leaves.The numbers of leaf primordia in Lolium perenne increased as the seedling main shoots or the tillers grew older, while the numbers of unemerged leaves per shoot remained more constant.The morphology, position and protection of shoot apices are discussed in relation to differences between species in rate of establishment and persistence.

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Thomas, Huw M. "Analysis of synaptonemal complexes in the amphidiploid of Lolium multiflorum × Festuca drymeja." Genome 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-136.

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Synaptonemal complexes in the amphidiploid Lolium multiflorum (4χ) × Festuca drymeja (4χ) have been examined by the whole mount spreading technique in nuclei with between 49 and 100% pairing. At mid to late zygotene nonhomologous associations are formed, with multivalents involving more than half the total axial element length in some cases. However, they are corrected by pachytene. There is evidence of differences in the timing or rate of pairing between the two sets of chromosomes; the L. multiflorum chromosomes seem more advanced than the F. drymeja chromosomes in their pairing at mid and late zygotene, and it is possible that this asynchrony places a constraint on intergenomic chromosome pairing.Key words: Lolium-Festuca, amphidiploid, synaptonemal complexes, nonhomologous pairing, correction mechanism.

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Opitz von Boberfeld, W., E. Beckmann, and H. Laser. "Forage characteristics of Vicia sativa L. and Trifolium resupinatum L. in catch crop systems under Central European conditions." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 3 (November 19, 2011): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3565-pse.

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In a field experiment the development of dry matter yield and forage quality of the catch crop Vicia sativa L. compared with Trifolium resupinatum L. was investigated and the suitability for cultivation in a mixture with Lolium multiflorum ssp. gaudinii (Parl.) Schinz et Keller was tested. The legumes and mixtures sowed in early July or August, respectively, were harvested at different dates from early September until late October/early November. The sowing date had the greatest impact on dry matter yield, crude protein content and net energy for lactation (= NEL). Vicia sativa yielded more dry matter than Trifolium resupinatum, especially at low temperatures and under short-day conditions. At late sowing Vicia sativa should be preferred to Trifolium resupinatum due to a better stability of yield. Vicia sativa had a higher crude protein content but a lower NEL than Trifolium resupinatum. In a mixture with Lolium multiflorum the differences in energy concentration between late sowed legumes were less distinct. In view of NEL, Trifolium resupinatum is superior at early sowing, whereas late sowed mixtures of Vicia sativa and Lolium multiflorum might enable it to feed fresh forage of acceptable quality until early November and in that way to save it for winter feeding and eliminate expensive sources of crude protein.

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Carnide, Valdemar, Juan Orellana, and Manuel A. M. Do Valle Ribeiro. "Nucleolar organiser activity in Lolium and Festuca. 1. Lolium multiflorum, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium—Festuca Hybrids." Heredity 56, no. 3 (June 1986): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1986.52.

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Kádár, Imre, and Judit Schill. "Az olaszperje (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) mutrágyázása csernozjom talajon." Agrokémia és Talajtan 53, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2004): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.53.2004.3-4.5.

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Löszön kialakult karbonátos csernozjom vályogtalajon, egy mutrágyázási tartamkísérlet 25. és 26. évében vizsgáltuk az eltéro N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását az olaszperje (Barmultra fajta) fejlodésére, termésére, takarmányértékére, valamint a talaj oldható elemkészletére. A termohely talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 5% CaCO3-ot és 20-22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minosült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést × 2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13-15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 1998. és 1999. években a lehullott csapadék mennyisége és eloszlása kedvezo volt: 1998-ban 682 mm, 1999. elso félévében 432 mm eso esett, mely a sokévi átlagot 20-30%-kal meghaladta. Fobb eredményeink: - N-trágyázás nyomán a tavasszal mért 0-60 cm-es talajréteg NO3-N-készlete közel ötszörösére emelkedett. Kis mértékben nott az oldható Na-készlet is a szántott rétegben. P-trágyázással az oldható P-tartalom, K-trágyázással az oldható K-tartalom háromszorozódott meg mindkét módszerrel mérve (Egnér et al., 1960; Lakanen & Erviö, 1971). Az alkalmazott szuperfoszfátok 2% körüli Sr-tartalma igazolhatóan növelte a szántott réteg oldható Sr-készletét is. - Az olaszperje érdemi K-hatásokat nem mutatott ezen a káliummal közepesen ellátott vályogtalajon. A korai fejlodési stádiumban virágzás elott viszont kifejezett NP-hatások jelentkeztek: megkétszerezodött a növényborítottság és a növények átlagos magassága a 300 kg/ha/év N-adag és a 173 mg/kg AL-P2O5-ellátottsági szinteken a kontrollhoz viszonyítva. - Az 1. évben virágzás idején a 200 kg/ha/év feletti N-adagolás már igazolható terméstöbbleteket nem eredményezett, hasonlóképpen a 173 mg/kg AL-P2O5-ellátottság sem. Az együttes NP-trágyázással a kontrollhoz viszonyított zöldtömeg 17 t/ha-ról 40 t/ha körüli, a széna 3,8 t/ha-ról 7,0 körüli mennyiségre nott. - A 2. évben mérséklodtek vagy eltuntek a P-hatások. Az olaszperje idovel képes volt kielégíteni P-igényét P-trágyázás nélkül is ezen a foszforral gyengén ellátott talajon. Ezzel szemben a talaj N-szolgáltatása drasztikusan lecsökkent. A N-kontroll talajon 2,6 t/ha, a 200 kg/ha/év kezelésben 12 t/ha széna termett. - Érés idején az olaszperje elveszítette légszáraz tömegének több mint felét a leszáradó és lehulló lombbal, különösen a nitrogénnel boségesen ellátott kezelésben. A legnagyobb terméseket a 2. évben virágzáskor kaptuk. A légszáraz anyag %-a nott a növény korával és egyre kifejezettebben csökkent a N-trágyázással, ellensúlyozva az elöregedés folyamatait. - A fajlagos hatékonyság tekintetében leggazdaságosabbnak a 100 kg/ha/év N-adag bizonyult, az elso évben 1,3 t/ha, a 2. évben 7,4 t/ha szénatöbblettel. Minden kg felhasznált nitrogénre az 1. évben 110 kg zöld-, ill. 13 kg széna-, míg a 2. évben 220 kg zöld-, ill. 74 kg szénatöbblet jutott. - A takarmány minoségét döntoen a N-trágyázás módosította, bár a hamu mennyiségét a K-trágyázás is növelte. A nyersfehérje %-át megkétszerezte a N-túlsúly, közelítve a lucernaliszt összetételéhez. Igazolhatóan nott a nyersrost, ill. csökkent a N-mentes kivonható anyag mennyisége. Ami az 1. évben virágzáskor mért hozamokat illeti, a nyerszsír, hamu, nyersfehérje, nyersrost és N-mentes kivonható anyag 170, 550, 1280, 1600 és 2300 kg/ha maximális értéket ért el.

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Roman, E. S., L. Vargas, M. A. Rizzardi, and R. W. Mattei. "Resistência de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) ao herbicida glyphosate." Planta Daninha 22, no. 2 (June 2004): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582004000200018.

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O azevém é uma gramínea de ciclo anual, constituindo-se com freqüência em planta infestante em lavouras de trigo do Rio Grande do Sul. Em experimentos realizados em casa de vegetação e no campo, foi avaliada a suscetibilidade de dois biótipos de azevém ao herbicida glyphosate, bem como a eficiência de herbicidas de ação total na dessecação de Lolium multiflorum para a semeadura direta de trigo. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado em casa de vegetação e de blocos ao acaso em campo, com três e quatro repetições, respectivamente. Foram avaliados herbicidas com mecanismos de ação distintos em diferentes doses: glyphosate, glufosinate, clethodim, haloxyfop-r e diclofop, paraquat e paraquat + diuron. Os resultados, em casa de vegetação, evidenciam que o biótipo sensível é totalmente controlado com glyphosate na dose de 360 g e.a. ha-1 e que doses de até 1.440 g e.a. ha-1 não afetam significativamente o acúmulo de matéria seca do biótipo resistente e produzem toxicidade inferior a 15% sobre este. Já as doses entre 1.440 e 5.760 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate reduzem significativamente a produção de matéria seca e resultam em toxicidade inferior a 45%. Em campo, os melhores controles de azevém foram propiciados pelos tratamentos clethodim (79,2 g ha-1) e diuron + paraquat (300 + 600 g ha-1), que não diferiram entre si. Assim, evidencia-se que a população de Lolium multiflorum avaliada neste trabalho é constituída predominantemente de um biótipo resistente aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima EPSPs.

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Ferreira, E. A., G. Concenço, A. A. Silva, M. R. Reis, L. Vargas, R. G. Viana, A. A. Guimarães, and L. Galon. "Potencial competitivo de biótipos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum)." Planta Daninha 26, no. 2 (June 2008): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582008000200002.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a capacidade competitiva entre biótipos de azevém resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate, bem como a interferência deles, em diferentes densidades, sobre o crescimento de plantas de trigo. No momento da colheita, aos 50 dias após a emergência do azevém, avaliaram-se o número de perfilhos, a altura de plantas e a área foliar. Nessa mesma ocasião, coletou-se a parte aérea e as raízes das plantas de trigo e de azevém resistente e suscetível, determinando-se a seguir a massa seca desse material em partes separadas (raiz, caule e folhas). Com base nos dados avaliados, as seguintes variáveis para o trigo e para os biótipos de azevém foram calculadas: taxa de crescimento da cultura (TCC = MS A/Ndias), em que MS A é a massa seca da parte aérea e Ndias é o período em dias entre a emergência e a colheita das plantas; área foliar específica (SLA = Af/MSf), em que Af é a área foliar e MSf é a massa seca foliar; e o índice de área (IAF = Af/St), sendo St a superfície de solo, indicando qual a área de folhas por m² de solo. As características avaliadas altura de planta, massa seca e área foliar dos biótipos de azevém suscetível apresentaram menor tendência de redução e maior plasticidade fenotípica, com o incremento da densidade de plantas por área em relação aos biótipos resistentes. Com relação à competição dos biótipos de azevém com plantas de trigo, efeito negativo sobre a cultura também foi observado quando esta se encontrava sob interferência do biótipo suscetível. Conclui-se que o biótipo suscetível de azevém é mais competitivo que o resistente.

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Niskanen, Markku, and Oiva Niemeläinen. "Westerwoldin raiheinän (Lolium multiflorum v. westerwoldicum) siementuotantomahdollisuudet Suomessa." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 21 (January 31, 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.76720.

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Etelä-Pohjanmaan tutkimusasemalla Ylistarossa ja Kasvintuotannon tutkimuksella Jokioisilla tutkittiin westerwoldin raiheinän siementuotantomahdollisuuksia maassamme. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää eri lajikkeiden siementuotantokykyä sekä siemenen tuottamiseen liittyvin riskien hallintaa. Tässä esityksessä esitellään tuloksia neljästä lajikekokeesta sekä yhdestä Ylistarossa tehdystä puintiaikakokeesta. Kokeet toteutettiin vuosina 2001-2003. Westerwoldin raiheinästä voidaan tuottaa Suomessa korkeita siemensatoja. Parhaista lajikkeista saavutettiin yli 1500 kg:n hehtaarisatoja. Myös siemenen laatu oli riittävän hyvä. Kaikkien neljän kokeen keskimääräinen itävyys oli 88 prosenttia. Kaikki tutkitut lajikkeet olivat riittävän aikaisia. Puintiaikakokeessa varisemistappiot nousivat yli 30 prosenttiin, kun puinti lykkääntyi tuleentumisen alusta 1-2 viikkoa. Ensimmäinen puintiaika tuotti kaikkein matalimman sadon ja viimeinen puintaika korkeimman sadon. Ensimmäisen ja kolmannen puintiajan satoero oli 170 kiloa, mutta ero ei kuitenkaan muodostunut tilastollisesti merkitseväksi. Itävyyteen kahta viikkoa myöhäisempi puinti vaikutti selvästi negatiivisesti. Puintia ei kannata lykätä kovin paljon kun pääosa tähkistä on tuleentunut, vaikka sato saattaa vielä kasvaa. Myös säiden aiheuttamat riskit kannattaa huomioida puinnin ajoituksessa. Kovat sateet ja tuulet voivat lisätä varisemista huomattavasti. Puinnin myöhästyttäminen lisää myös laaturiskiä ja esimerkiksi syksyn yöhallat saattavat vaurioittaa siementen itävyyttä. Liikaa siementen varisemista kannattaa välttää, sillä varisseet siemenet voivat muodostua seuraavana vuonna merkittäväksi rikkakasviongelmaksi. Westerwoldin raiheinän kasvuaika on pitkä, ja normaalisti puinti on elokuun loppupuolella, mikäli kylvötöihin päästään hyvissä ajoin toukokuussa. Pitkä kasvuaika lisää viljelyriskiä raiheinän siementuotannossa, varsinkin epätasaisesti tuleentuneessa kasvustossa. Siementuotannossa kannattaa suosia aikaisia lajikkeita sekä keskittää tuotanto suotuisille viljelyalueille, joissa pelloille päästään mahdollisimman aikaisin keväällä. Suurimmaksi ongelmaksi westerwoldin raiheinän siementuotannossa muodostui tasaisen ja tasaisesti tuleentuvan kasvustoon aikaansaaminen. Tulosten valossa kasvuston tasaisen tuleentumisen varmistaminen on tärkeää, jotta vältytään varisemistappioilta ja saadaan laadukas siemensato alhaisilla kuivauskustannuksilla. Lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan mm. kylvötiheyden, lannoituksen ja kasvunsääteiden vaikutuksesta kasvuston tasaisen tuleentumisen varmistamiseksi.

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JONES, E. L., and J. E. ROBERTS. "Sward maintenance of Lolium multiflorum by slurry seeding." Grass and Forage Science 44, no. 1 (March 1989): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1989.tb01906.x.

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26

Evans, G. M., and Taing Aung. "Identification of a diploidizing genotype of Lolium multiflorum." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-074.

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Thirty diploid populations of Lolium multiflorum were screened for genes that were capable of modifying meiosis in species hybrids. A standard genotype of L. temulentum was used as the tester species. Modified pairing at first metaphase of meiosis was identified in some of the hybrid progeny of a single plant from a population from Uruguay and also in one from Portugal. Evidence is presented to show that the high incidence of univalents in diploid hybrids of L. temulentum × L. multiflorum from Uruguay was due to the suppression of homoeologous chromosome association only. A proportion of equivalent triploid and tetraploid hybrids had an excess of bivalents at first metaphase of meiosis. This was confirmed by comparison of the observed meiotic data with that expected from three separate mathematical models. It is concluded that this single plant from the Uruguayan population was heterozygous for genes that suppress chiasmate association of homoeologous chromosomes.Key words: interspecific hybrid, Lolium, chromosome pairing.

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Stanger, Charles E., and Arnold P. Appleby. "Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Accessions Tolerant to Diclofop." Weed Science 37, no. 3 (May 1989): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072040.

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In 1987, two applications of the methyl ester of diclofop failed to effectively control Italian ryegrass in some growers' fields. As a result of these observations, studies were initiated to determine if the surviving ryegrass is more tolerant to diclofop than previously untreated ryegrass. Growth chamber studies on five accessions of ryegrass demonstrated that collections from two growers' fields were highly tolerant of diclofop. Diclofop GR50(rate required to reduce shoot weight by 50%) values of accessions A and B and commercial ryegrass, when diclofop was applied to seedlings at the two-leaf stage, were 2.9, 3.4, and 0.0056 kg ai/ha, respectively. Diclofop-tolerant biotypes were not more tolerant to postemergence barban or preemergence-incorporated triallate plus postemergence diuron or metribuzin. These herbicides are possible alternative treatments in fields where diclofop is no longer effective.

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28

Nunes, Renata de Castro, Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante, Vânia Helena Techio, and Andréa Mittelmann. "Morphology and pollen viability of Lolium multiflorum Lam." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, no. 2 (April 2012): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000200006.

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Study and characterization of pollen grains are essential for different areas, especially taxonomy, genetic improvement, phylogeny, and paleobotany. As yet, there are no reports on pollen morphology of genotypes of naturalized Lolium multiflorum Lam., introduced cultivars or breeding populations, diploid or polyploid. Ten genotypes of annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) were evaluated for the viability of pollen grains using propionic carmine and Alexander's stains, while morphology was assessed by the acetolysis technique. Measures of polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), exine thickness, and analysis of pollen grains were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All genotypes showed high rate of pollen viability (> 89%) for both stains. There were differences between genotypes in the following quantitative traits: polar axis, equatorial diameter, exine, endexine, ektexine, and P/E ratio. Pollen grains were characterized as small, monoporates, with circular and non-prominent apertures. In addition to helping distinction of pollen grains, morphometric differences can be used later to compare ploidy levels, thus assisting in breeding programs of the species.

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Regalado, J. J., M. V. Vignale, M. V. Novas, S. I. Pitta-Alvarez, and L. J. Iannone. "Epichloë occultans enhances micropropagation efficiency in Lolium multiflorum." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 130, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1202-y.

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Kunelius, H. T. K. "Dry matter production, fibre composition and plant characteristics of cool-season grasses under two harvest systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 3 (December 1990): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075730.

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SUMMARYCultivars of Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium × Festuca hybrids were exposed to 4- and 3-cut harvest systems in Prince Edward Island, Canada, in 1985–87. Lolium perenne × F. pratensis, Lolium multiflorum × F. pratensis and L. multiftorum × F. arundinacea hybrids and D. glomerata had more uniform growth among the harvests than other grasses during the growing season. L. perenne × F. pratensis and L. multiflorum × F. pratensis had lower contents of neutral and acid detergent fibre than other grass cultivars, particularly early in the growing season. P. pratense cv. Farol had the lowest and L. perenne × F. pratensis cv. Prior the highest tiller population density. The stem apex of all cultivars was above the cutting height of 5 cm in c. 50% of tillers of primary growth. Leaf area per tiller was largest for P. pratense cv. Farol in the primary growth stage but differences were small in subsequent cuts.

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Medeiros, A. R. M., L. A. S. Castro, and A. A. Lucchesi. "Efeitos alelopáticos de algumas leguminosas e gramíneas sobre a flora invasora." Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz 47, no. 1 (1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0071-12761990000100001.

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Foram estudados os efeitos alelopáticos produzidos por cinco espécies vegetais: as gramíneas Avena sativa L., e Lolium multiflorum Lamb.; e as leguminosas Vicia sp., Mediaago sativa L. e Trifolium repens L. Canteiros isolados foram preparados, adubados e semeados de acordo com as recomendações técnicas usuais. Nos resultados obtidos observou-se alta incidência de invasoras nos canteiros de Trifolium repens L. e Medicago sativa L., contrastando com os canteiros de Avena sativa L. e Lolium multiflorum Lamb., onde poucas foram as espécies encontradas; enquanto o canteiro de Vicia sp. manteve posição intermediária. Com base nos dados obtidos, pode-se recomendar as duas gramíneas como cultura de cobertura com propriedades alelopáticas, assim como a Vicia sp. quando desejar-se além da redução das plantas invasoras, matéria orgânica para incorporação.

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KLINGA, KARIN. "Aneuploidy in induced autotetraploid populations of Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne." Hereditas 104, no. 1 (February 14, 2008): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00519.x.

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KLINGA, KARIN. "Aneuploidy in induced autotetraploid populations of Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne." Hereditas 104, no. 1 (February 14, 2008): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00525.x.

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Newell, C. A., and J. C. Gray. "Regeneration from leaf-base explants of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum L." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 80, no. 2 (February 2005): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-0588-5.

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Diez De Ulzurrun, P., and M. I. Leaden. "Análisis de la sensibilidad de biotipos de Lolium multiflorum a herbicidas inhibidores de la enzima ALS, ACCasa y Glifosato." Planta Daninha 30, no. 3 (September 2012): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582012000300024.

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A pesar de los avances logrados en el control de las malezas con el uso de herbicidas, el manejo de las mismas no se simplificó, sino que, al contrario, surgieron nuevos desafíos, como la aparición de resistencia a herbicidas. En 2007, se reportó en Lolium multiflorum el segundo caso de resistencia a glifosato detectado en Argentina. En el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires se registraron fallas de control a campo en poblaciones de Lolium multiflorum debido a su resistencia a distintos herbicidas de las familias de los inhibidores de ALS y de ACCasa y al herbicida glifosato. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el nivel de resistencia a ciertos herbicidas inhibidores de la ALS y de la ACCasa y al glifosato en una población de L. multiflorum de Lobería (Bs As, Argentina) supuestamente resistente (LmR). Se realizaron bioensayos en cajas de Petri y se determinó la GR50 mediante la variación en la longitud de coleoptile. Las curvas de dosis-respuesta se obtuvieron por medio de la ecuación log-logística. El biotipo LmR presentó resistencia múltiple a herbicidas con tres modos de acción diferentes: glifosato, inhibidores de ALS y de ACCasa. Dicho ensayo demostró la aparición de un biotipo de L. multiflorum con resistencia a múltiples principios activos.

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Vitalini, Sara, Francesca Orlando, Valentina Vaglia, Stefano Bocchi, and Marcello Iriti. "Potential Role of Lolium multiflorum Lam. in the Management of Rice Weeds." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030324.

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The phytotoxic relationships between crops and weeds can cover a role in weed management, reducing the use of chemical herbicides. Starting from the organic farmers’ experience, the study aimed to define the inhibitory action of Lolium multiflorum Lam., used as a cover crop before rice sowing, against Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch, one of the main rice weeds. In vitro 7-day assays were carried out in Petri dishes to compare the effect of different L. multiflorum Lam. parts, in the form of aqueous extract or powder, on the seed germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa L. and E. oryzoides and to verify the hypothesis of a higher susceptibility of the weed. The total polyphenolic content, as the potential source of allelochemicals, in the L. multiflorum parts was measured. The results showed that both species suffer the phytotoxic action of L. multiflorum, but a more marked effect against E. oryzoides was recorded. In according with the polyphenol quantities, stem and inflorescence extracts showed the more significant species-specific inhibition. In all assays, the weed showed a stronger reduction in the root length and seedling vigor index, and, in some cases, also in the germination percentage and shoot length compared to rice.

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Wang, Xueshan, Mingming Guo, Jielin Liu, Xiaolei Kong, Daqing Peng, and Qiang Zhang. "Soil Anti-Scourabilities of Four Typical Herbaceous Plants and Their Responses to Soil Properties, Root Traits and Slope Position in Northeast China." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 16807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416807.

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Vegetation has been proven to be an effective measure to mitigate soil erosion in most regions and climates. However, it is not clear how some herbaceous plants affect the ability of soil to resist slope flow erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China. In this study, four herbaceous plant plots of 50 m × 4.5 m, including Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor × Sudanense, Avena sativa L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam., were established in a sloping land with an abandoned land as the control to detect the effect of herbaceous plants on soil anti-scourability (ANS). A hydraulic flume experiment was carried out to determine the soil ANS, and the root traits and soil properties were also measured at different slope positions. The results showed that the mean soil ANS ranged from 17.55 to 94.77 L g−1 among different herbaceous plants, of which the Lolium multiflorum Lam. showed the strongest controlling effect on soil ANS (259.87%), followed by Sorghum bicolor × Sudanense (66.87%) and Avena sativa L. (18.12%), while the soil ANS of Zea mays L. decreased by 33.37% compared with the control. Soil ANS varied with slope position, and the mean soil ANS at the upslope was 116.50–134.21% higher than that of the middle slope and downslope. Additionally, soil ANS was positively related to root mass density (RMD), root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSAD), soil total porosity and field capacity but was negatively related to soil bulk density (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the Lolium multiflorum Lam. exhibited better root distribution (i.e., high RSAD, RLD, RMD, and low root diameter) and soil physical structure (i.e., high soil porosity structure, water-holding capacity and low bulk density) than other plant species. Thus, the Lolium multiflorum Lam. is beneficial for enhancing soil erosion resistance to overland flow, especially at the up and middle slopes, and it could be preferred to control sloped soil erosion in Northeast China.

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Keating, T., and P. O' Kiely. "Beef production from silages produced from Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne and permanent grassland swards." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019139.

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Grass forms a major component of the total ruminant feed in both Ireland and the UK. Much of the grassland consists of permanent swards of diverse botanical composition with many of the grass species present considered ‘secondary’ or ‘undesirable’ (Frame and Tiley, 1987). The objective of this study was to compare reseeded Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne swards with an old permanent grassland sward managed under intensive silage conservation systems, and to determine the annual production of grass silage and subsequent beef carcass output per hectare when the silages were offered to finishing cattle.

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39

Yamashita, M., K. Uchiyama, T. Matsuda, H. Tobina, H. Sawada, and K. Sugawara. "Distribution of Neotyphodium endophytes in naturalised ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) in Japan." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3094.

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Introduced Lolium grasses are utilised in Japan for forage, turf and soil conservation. Many of these grasses have become naturalised in disturbed ecosystems. Neotyphodium endophytes in the tissues of grasses can increase host fitness by increasing tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, endophyte infection may be a factor enhancing invasion success of exotic grasses in the Japanese islands. We detected infection by Neotyphodium endophytes in 162 of 173 naturalised ryegrass populations in Japan. Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) had a higher infection rate than perennial ryegrass (L. perenne). Italian ryegrass also exhibited geographic variation in infection rate. It is unlikely that the infected Italian ryegrasses found in this study have come from cultivars used in meadows, since the use of forage ryegrass cultivars infected with Neotyphodium endophytes has been restricted in Japan to prevent toxicity problems. Possible sources of the ryegrasses may be turf seeds, soil conservation materials and/or contaminants in imported plant materials. Keywords:ô€€ alien species,ô€€ invasive plants, Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, Neotyphodium endophyte, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne

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Griffin, James L. "Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 34, no. 1 (January 1986): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500026539.

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Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam. # LOLMU) control in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) using chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} at 35 g ai/ha was significantly higher when applied preemergence (pre) than early postemergence (poe) to ryegrass with two to four leaves and wheat with three to five tillers. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied at 420 g ai/ha early poe controlled more than 95% of the ryegrass, but control was unacceptable when the same rate was applied late poe when the ryegrass was at midtiller and wheat at full tiller. Wheat leaf burn, stunting, and stand reduction occurred where metribuzin was applied early poe but yields were not affected. Ryegrass control was excellent where diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was applied early poe at 560 g ai/ha. Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands. Injury associated with the herbicide treatments was not observed on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planted following wheat.

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41

Goliński, Piotr, and Barbara Golińska. "Analiza stanu nasiennictwa wybranych gatunków traw i bobowatych drobnonasiennych w Polsce na tle rynku europejskiego." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 289 (September 16, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/biul-2020-0018.

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Wykorzystując dane ESCAA z lat 2004‒2019 przeprowadzono analizę stanu nasiennictwa wybranych gatunków traw i bobowatych drobnonasiennych w Polsce w aspekcie powierzchni upraw nasiennych oraz poziomu ich plonowania na tle rynku europejskiego. Szczególną uwagę w analizie zwrócono na gatunki dominujące w areale reprodukcyjnym odmian tych grup roślin w Polsce oraz w Europie, a więc Lolium perenne L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Festuca rubra L. oraz Trifolium pratense L. Stwierdzono, że z upływem lat znaczenie polskiego rynku nasiennego traw w Europie rośnie. W 2019 roku udział naszego kraju w areale zakwalifikowanych plantacji nasiennych traw w Europie wyniósł 12%. W latach 2016‒2019 udział ten zwiększył się o 56% i był obok Danii (60%) jednym z największych na kontynencie europejskim. Obecnie Polska zajmuje drugie miejsce w uprawie Lolium multiflorum i Festuca rubra, a w przypadku Lolium perenne jest jednym z trzech najważniejszych krajów rynku europejskiego. W uprawie na nasiona roślin bobowatych drobnonasiennych Polska ma mniejsze znaczenie w Europie, jednak w przypadku Trifolium pratense posiada znaczący udział w rynku nasiennym z wyraźnym trendem wzrostu powierzchni plantacji tego gatunku w ostatnich latach. Plony nasion z plantacji nasiennych traw i bobowatych drobnonasiennych w Polsce są mniejsze w porównaniu do wielu krajów europejskich, toteż zwiększenie wydajności upraw nasiennych jest warunkiem dalszej ekspansji naszego kraju w tym segmencie rynku nasiennego w Europie.

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Natã Balssan Moura, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, José Antônio Gonzalez da Silva, Gerusa Massuquini Conceição, Leonir Terezinha Uhde, Jordana Schiavo, Bruno Bernardo, et al. "Crop succession and its reflections on soybean performance." Bioscience Journal 38 (September 9, 2022): e38073. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-56872.

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The fluctuations in yield and consequently in production occurred due to climatic adversities in the main producing states of Brazil. Farming has changed over time, and past scenarios have shown high exploitation of natural resources focusing on soil tillage and conventional seeding methods. This study aimed to determine the yield performance of soybean grown under 10 consolidated crop succession systems. The experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 crop season, before the research project entitled “Sustainable production systems with better use of biological and natural resources, with treatments arranged in a randomized block design and four replications”. The treatments consisted of the following predecessor crops: Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa, Fallow, Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, and Triticum aestivum – Fodder. Soybean was subsequently sown across winter crops. The succession that showed superior yield was Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum. This attribute was established by associating taller plants with the maximization of the number of grains per pod, hundred-grain mass, grain mass, and plant dry mass; in contrast, there was a lower emphasis on plant residue. The determining attributes for soybean yield were plant stand, plant height, the number of pods per plant, and total grain mass, with contrasts among groups composed of the succession of Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, and Brassica napus, distanced from Raphanus sativus, Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa, Fallow, Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, and Triticum aestivum - Fodder.

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Mavlyutov, Yu M., A. O. Shamustakimova, and I. A. Klimenko. "Application of SCoT markers for accessing of genetic diversity of gramineous forage grass species." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012038.

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Abstract Using the SCoT marker system, 8 varieties of cereal grasses belonging to 5 species were analyzed: Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra, Festulolium. Of the 10 tested SCoT markers, 7 informative markers were selected that reveal interspecies genetic polymorphism. According to the results of the analysis, DNA profiles characteristic of each studied species were obtained, and primers allowing to detect intervarietal differences for subsequent identification and molecular genetic passportization were selected.

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Liebl, Rex, and A. Douglas Worsham. "Interference of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 35, no. 6 (November 1987): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500079406.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) grain yields were reduced an average of 4.2% for every 10 Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] plants/m2within the range of 0 to 100 Italian ryegrass plants/m2. Yield reductions caused by Italian ryegrass were attributed primarily to decreased crop tillering. Italian ryegrass densities as high as 80 plants/m2had little effect on wheat head or kernel weights. In greenhouse experiments, the growth response of Italian ryegrass to increasing concentrations of NO3–and K+was greater than that of wheat. Net uptake rates for NO3–by both species growing in nutrient solution were 1.5 times greater than net uptake rates for K+. Nitrate and potassium Imaxvalues for Italian ryegrass were approximately twice the corresponding values for wheat. Although Italian ryegrass responded more to changes in nutrients and had greater ion uptake rates compared to wheat, Italian ryegrass accumulated more biomass when grown in monoculture than when grown in association with wheat. This difference was probably due to the initial size of the seedlings. Wheat seedlings were much larger than Italian ryegrass seedlings during the first 20 days following emergence.

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Aung, Taing, and G. M. Evans. "The potential for diploidizing Lolium multiflorum × L. perenne tetraploids." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-075.

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The possibility of diploidizing meiosis in tetraploid hybrids of the two closely related Lolium species, L. multiflorum and L. perenne, was investigated using specific genotypes of both parents. Both these parental genotypes had previously been shown to reduce homoeologous pairing in a separate but wider cross with the inbreeder L. temulentum. A preponderance of bivalents was recorded at first metaphase of meiosis in several of the hybrid progeny with the frequency of multivalents being reduced to 0.6/pollen mother cell in one plant. Although it is not unambiguously established that the bivalents so formed are solely between homologous chromosomes, it is highly likely that this is so. It is concluded that it is feasible to genetically modify the pattern of meiosis even in tetraploid hybrids of species of similar karyotypes.Key words: chromosome pairing, Lolium, interspecific hybrid.

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Nakagawa, J., C. Cavariani, J. C. Feltran, and R. L. Oliveira. "Maturação de sementes de azevém-anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 21, no. 1 (June 30, 1999): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17801/0101-3122/rbs.v21n1p174-182.

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Kádár, Imre. "Az olaszperje (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) tápelemfelvételének vizsgálata mutrágyázási tartamkísérletben." Agrokémia és Talajtan 53, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2004): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.53.2004.3-4.6.

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Löszön kialakult karbonátos csernozjom vályogtalajon, egy mutrágyázási tartamkísérlet 27. évében vizsgáltuk az eltéro N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a spenót (Matador) fejlodésére, gyomosodására, föld feletti termésére, oxálsavtartalmára, ásványi összetételére és elemfelvételére. A termohely talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 5% CaCO3-ot és 20-22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben eredetileg közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minosült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést ×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13-15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A spenót 3 hónapos tenyészideje alatt mindösszesen 83 mm csapadékot kapott. Fobb eredményeink: - A föld feletti hajtás/torózsa friss tömege betakarításkor 7-15 t/ha, a légszáraz anyag hozama 1,7-3,6 t/ha között változott az N×K-ellátottsági szintek függvényében. Maximális termést a 100 kg N/ha/év trágyázás adta a 200 mg/kg körüli AL-oldható K2O-ellátottságú kezelésekben. A 200 és 300 kg N/ha/év adagok már nem növelték a levéltermést, csak a levelek NO3-N koncentrációját, fogyasztásra alkalmatlan terméket eloidézve. A káliummal és nitrogénnel jól ellátott parcellákon a hajtás több vizet tartalmazott és jobban ellenállt az aszálynak. A talaj növekvo P-kínálata csak a kezdeti fejlodést, kelést serkentette, a betakarításkori termést nem befolyásolta a termohely gyenge P-ellátottsága ellenére. - Az oxálsav mennyisége 3,3%-ról 1,3%-ra süllyedt az együttes PK-trá-gyázás eredményeképpen a vizsgált légszáraz levelekben. A levelek átlagosan 20% légszáraz anyagot tartalmaztak. A K-trágyázás kedvezo hatása részben a termésnöveléssel kiváltott hígulási effektusra vezetheto vissza. - Az uralkodó Amaranthus blitoides gyomfaj elofordulását/borítottságát a P-trágyázás 10-12-szeresére növelte, míg a K-trágyázás 30%-kal mérsékelte május elején. A N túlsúlya ekkor szintén az AMA BL gyomborítottságot mozdította elo. - A talaj növekvo N- és P-kínálatával általában emelkedett a hajtás fobb makro-, ill. mérséklodött a mikroelemeknek koncentrációja. A K-trágyázás a nátrium kivételével általában csökkentette az egyéb fémek, kationok beépülését. - Az 1 t légszáraz föld feletti hajtás képzodéséhez kerekítve és átlagosan 37 kg N, 27 kg K (32 kg K2O), 31 kg Ca (43 kg CaO), 15 kg Mg (25 kg MgO), 4 kg S, 2,5 kg P (6 kg P2O5), 1,4 kg Fe, 1,2 kg Al és Na, 321 g Mn, 75 g Sr, 44 g B, 18 g Zn, 14 g Ba és 6 g Cu elemet igényelt a spenót. A kiugróan nagy Ca és Mg fajlagos elemfelvétel részben az aszályos idojárással, kis terméssel, gyors elöregedéssel és a meszes termohellyel lehet összefüggésben.

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Ferreira, E. A., J. B. Santos, A. A. Silva, J. A. Oliveira, and L. Vargas. "Translocação do glyphosate em biótipos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum)." Planta Daninha 24, no. 2 (June 2006): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582006000200021.

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Foram avaliadas neste trabalho a absorção foliar e a translocação do glyphosate por biótipos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) sensíveis e resistentes a esse herbicida. Para isso, aplicou-se 14C-glyphosate utilizando-se uma microsseringa de precisão, adicionando-se 10 µL da calda sobre a face adaxial da primeira folha com lígula totalmente visível, quando as plantas de azevém se apresentavam com três perfilhos. A quantidade de glyphosate absorvido e translocado foi avaliada em intervalos de tempo (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 horas após a aplicação), por meio da medição da radiação emitida pelo 14C-glyphosate, em espectrômetro de cintilação líquida. Foram analisadas a parte aérea e as raízes, bem como a folha onde foi feita a aplicação e a solução de lavagem desta folha. A velocidade de absorção do glyphosate foi semelhante em ambos os biótipos de azevém, observando-se mais de 50% de absorção desse herbicida nas primeiras oito horas após a aplicação. Maior retenção de glyphosate foi observada na folha tratada do biótipo resistente: 81,64% do total de glyphosate absorvido até as 64 horas. No biótipo sensível esse valor foi de 55% no mesmo período. No restante da parte aérea e nas raízes, a maior quantidade do glyphosate absorvido foi encontrada no biótipo sensível, mostrando sua maior capacidade de translocação. Após 64 horas da aplicação do glyphosate, apenas 6%, em média, do glyphosate se encontrava nas plantas, indicando que a maior parte do produto pode ter sido exsudada. Conclui-se que a sensibilidade do azevém ao glyphosate pode ser atribuída à maior capacidade de translocação desse herbicida pelo biótipo sensível.

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Vargas, L., R. M. A. Moraes, and C. M. Berto. "Herança da resistência de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) ao glyphosate." Planta Daninha 25, no. 3 (September 2007): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582007000300016.

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O glyphosate é o principal produto usado para manejo não-seletivo das plantas daninhas. Já foram identificados biótipos de azevém resistentes a esse herbicida no Rio Grande do Sul, os quais estão se tornando predominantes rapidamente. Objetivou-se neste trabalho identificar o tipo de herança, o número de genes que conferem resistência e o grau de resistência dos biótipos homozigotos e heterozigotos resistentes em azevém. Foram realizados cruzamentos recíprocos entre genitores suscetíveis e resistentes para obtenção de sementes F1 e, em seguida, efetuaram-se os retrocruzamentos resistente e sensível. Plantas F1 foram cruzadas, para obtenção da geração F2. Sobre as plantas F1, F2, RCr e RCs e genitores foi aplicado o glyphosate na dose de 720 g ha-1, para avaliar a segregação. A fim de avaliar o grau de resistência, as plantas F1 e os genitores resistente e sensível foram tratados com doses crescentes de glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1.440 e 2.880 g ha-1). As plantas F1 evidenciaram resposta intermediária ao biótipo resistente e sensível, demonstrando que a interação alélica é do tipo dominância incompleta. As plantas F2 mostraram tendência para segregação 3:1, indicando que a característica resistência ao glyphosate é controlada por um gene semidominante.

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Dors, C. A., P. J. Christoffoleti, D. M. Sanchotene, A. C. R. Dias, P. A. Manfron, and S. H. B. Dornelles. "Suscetibilidade de genótipos de Lolium multiflorum ao herbicida glyphosate." Planta Daninha 28, no. 2 (June 2010): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582010000200020.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o grau de tolerância dos genótipos diploides e tetraploides de L. multiflorum (azevém) ao herbicida glyphosate. Para isso, foram instalados quatro experimentos, sendo um para cada estádio fenológico do azevém (duas folhas, quatro perfilhos, pré-florescimento e formação de grãos). Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial 2 x 6 (dois genótipos e seis doses do herbicida glyphosate: 240, 480, 960, 1.920, 3.840 e 7.680 g e.a. ha-1) e uma testemunha sem aplicação de glyphosate, com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros analisados foram porcentagem de controle e fitomassa seca da parte aérea das plantas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, em seguida, ajustados para modelo de curva de dose-resposta do tipo logística, sendo desses modelos calculados valores de controle correspondentes a 50, 80, 90 e 99%. Os genótipos de azevém diploide apresentaram suscetibilidade diferencial ao herbicida glyphosate, sendo o genótipo tetraploide mais tolerante ao herbicida que o diploide. O grau diferencial de tolerância, medido pelo fator de tolerância diferencial entre os genótipos, foi de 1,6 vez a dose de glyphosate no genótipo tetraploide em relação ao diploide. Os estádios fenológicos de desenvolvimento das plantas de ambos os genótipos afetaram o grau de tolerância ao glyphosate. A variável fitomassa seca das plantas apresentou a mesma tendência diferencial entre os genótipos diploides e tetraploides que o parâmetro porcentagem visual de controle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lolium multiflorum'

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