Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lois de mise à l'échelle'
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Aroua, Ayoub. "Mise à l'échelle des entraînements électromécaniques pour la conception au niveau système dans les premières phases de développement des véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN042.
The automotive industry is required to accelerate the development and deployment of electrified vehicles at a faster pace than ever, to align the transportation sector with the climate goals. Reducing the development time of electric vehicles becomes an urgent priority. On the other hand, the industry is challenged by the increasing complexity and large design space of the emerging electrified powertrains. The existing approaches to address component design, such as numerical methods exemplified by finite element method, computational fluid dynamic, etc., are based on a detailed design process. This leads to a long computational burden when trying to incorporate them at system-level. Speeding up the early development phases of electrified vehicles necessitates new methodologies and tools, supporting the exploration of the system-level design space. These methodologies should allow for assessing different sizing choices of electrified powertrains in the early development phases, both efficiently in terms of computational time and with reliable results in terms of energy consumption at system-level. To address this challenge, this Ph.D. thesis aims to develop a scaling methodology for electric axles, allowing system-level investigation of different power-rated electric vehicles. The electric axle considered in this thesis comprises a voltage source inverter, an electric machine, a gearbox, and a control unit. The scaling procedure is aimed at predicting the data of a newly defined design of a given component with different specifications based on a reference design, without redoing time and effort-consuming steps. For this purpose, different derivations of scaling laws of the electric axle components are thoroughly discussed and compared at component-level in terms of power loss scaling. A particular emphasis is placed on examining the linear losses-to-power scaling method, which is widely employed in system-level studies. This is because, this method presents questionable assumptions, and has not been the subject of a comprehensive examination. A key contribution of the presented work is the derivation of power loss scaling laws of gearboxes, which has been identified as a gap in the current literature. This is achieved through an intensive experimental campaign using commercial gearboxes. To incorporate the scaling laws at system-level and study the interaction between the scaled components, the energetic macroscopic representation formalism is employed. The novelty of the proposed method lies in structuring a scalable model and control for a reference electric axle to be used in system-level simulation. The novel organization consists of a reference model and control complemented by two power adaptation elements at the electrical and mechanical sides. These latter elements consider the scaling effects, including the power losses. The methodology is applied for different study cases of battery electric vehicles, ranging from light to heavy-duty vehicles. Particular attention is paid to assessing the impact of the linear power-to-losses scaling method on the energy consumption considering different power scaling factors and driving cycles, as compared to high-fidelity scaling methods
Pigenet, Nazim. "Mise en place des outils de suivi de prédiction de la demande électrique à l'échelle d'un territoire, application au département du Lots." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/617/.
In order to delay the construction of high-voltage lines, the French district of the Lot (one of the 98 French "departments") has set up a local programme of demand side management. The effectiveness of such a programme can be measured by its impact on the pic power demand and its assessment requires a modelising of the district's power load. Some such models are available already, but they are linked to a detailed knowledge of the existing equipment and consumer habits. In the Lot, this type of information is scarce, which renders the existing models inappropriate. The model proposed here was constructed using limited criteria defined via a thorough analysis of the Lot's electrical consumption and its similarities with national consumption. The applications of this model are then tested according to the various scenarios concerning the evolution of these criteria. .
Lamielle, S. "Contribution à la compréhension du comportement de l'abdomen lors d'un chargement dynamique frontal par une ceinture de sécurité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543990.
Manach, Pierre-Yves. "Lois de comportement et mise en forme des matériaux métalliques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269039.
Piccuezzu, Eric. "Lois de comportement en géomécanique : modélisation, mise en oeuvre, identification." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0227.
Nguyen, Quang. "Mise au point d'un spéctromètre à l'échelle nanoscopique et son application." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004206.
Saunier-Batté, Lauriane. "Prévisions d'ensemble à l'échelle saisonnière : mise en place d'une dynamique stochastique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00795478.
Artus, Vincent. "Mise à l'échelle des écoulements diphasiques dans les milieux poreux hétérogènes." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066352.
Sharify, Meisam. "Algorithmes de mise à l'échelle et méthodes tropicales en analyse numérique matricielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00643836.
Silva, Vargas Karen Zulay. "Mise à l'échelle de la synthèse d'alcool allylique à partir de Glycérol." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0024.
Allyl Alcohol is an interesting platform molecule due to its broad range of applications. The Deoxydehydration (DODH) of glycerol seems currently the most competitive method to synthesize allyl alcohol from renewable sources. However, so far, this reaction has been only marginally investigated. The aim of this thesis was to develop an integrated production process of allyl alcohol via DODH of glycerol using a secondary alcohol as solvent-reductant. The catalyst development was carried out using ceria-supported rhenium oxide catalyst. Mesoporous ceria materials were synthetized via a nanocasting process using SiO2 and activated carbon as hard templates, giving excellent yields of up to 86%, using a 2-Hexanol or MIBC as a hydrogen donor and solvent. With respect to the process development, isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data were determined for main binary systems in order to model the distillation column. The experimental VLE data was successfully fitted using NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson thermodynamic model. Finally, the integrated process modelling was carried out based on the experimental results and proposing different scenarios depending on the used solvent. All the proposed strategies allowed to obtain an allyl alcohol purity of 99.99%. In any scenario, the MIBC process proved to be a feasible strategy from a technical point of view, which could potentially be used as starting point for the development of a large scale DODH process
Viens, Nathalie. "Influence de la mise à l'échelle sur les performances de séparation d'une colonne d'adsorption." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ53606.pdf.
Wendling, Audrey. "Simulation à l'échelle mésoscopique de la mise en forme de renforts de composites tissés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961196.
Wendling-Hivet, Audrey. "Simulation à l'échelle mésoscopique de la mise en forme de renforts de composites tissés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0079.
Nowadays, manufacturers, especially in transport, are increasingly interested in integrating composite parts into their products. These materials have, indeed, many benefits, among which allowing parts mass reduction when properly operated. In order to manufacture these parts, several methods can be used, including the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process which consists in forming a dry reinforcement (preform) before a resin being injected. This study deals with the first stage of the RTM process, which is the preforming step. It aims to implement an efficient strategy leading to the finite element simulation of fibrous reinforcements at mesoscopic scale. At this scale, the fibrous reinforcement is modeled by an interlacement of yarns assumed to be homogeneous and continuous. Several steps are then necessary and therefore considered here to achieve this goal. The first consists in creating a 3D geometrical model of unit cells as realistic as possible. It is achieved through the implementation of an iterative strategy based on two main properties. On the one hand, consistency, which ensures a good description of the contact between the yarns, that is to say, the model does not contain spurious spaces or interpenetrations at the contact area. On the other hand, the variation of the yarn section shape along its trajectory that enables to stick as much as possible to the evolutive shape of the yarn inside the reinforcement. Using this tool and a woven architecture freely implementable by the user, a model representative of any type of reinforcement (2D, interlock) can be obtained. The second step consists in creating a 3D consistent hexahedral mesh of these unit cells. Based on the geometrical model obtained in the first step, the meshing tool enables to mesh any type of yarn, whatever its trajectory or section shape. The third step consists in establishing a constitutive equation of the homogeneous material equivalent to a fibrous material from the mechanical behavior of the constituent material of fibers and the structure of the yarn. Based on recent experimental and numerical developments in the mechanical behavior of fibrous structures, a new constitutive law is presented and implemented. Finally, a study of the different parameters involved in the dynamic/explicit scheme is performed. These last two points allow both to a quick convergence of the calculations and approach the reality of the deformation of reinforcements. The entire chain modeling/simulation of fibrous reinforcements at mesoscopic scale created is validated by numerical and experimental comparison tests of reinforcements under simple loadings
Fiorio, Bruno. "Etude expérimentale du frottement glace-structure à l'échelle centimétrique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764210.
Bouissonnie, Arnaud. "Les cinétiques de dissolution : de l'approche mécaniste à l'échelle atomique à la description macroscopique à l'échelle centrimétrique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH013.
Dissolution kinetics represent a major challenge in the understanding of geological phenomena. During this thesis, several factors that could impact dissolution were studied in order to link different spatial scales. The dissolution of the model minerals of this thesis, enstatite and calcite, was studied from the atomic scale to the face scale for the first and from the face to the porous medium scale for the second. The dissolution anisotropy observed experimentally on enstatite could be reproduced using a probabilistic model. The interest of this type of model has been demonstrated and proposals for extending their use have been made. A surrogate model for the dissolution rate of enstatite linking the atomic scale to the face scale was also established. The study of calcite has demonstrated the importance of the selection of the rate law in dissolution rates upscaling studies. A column experiment and its simulation using a reactive-transport model demonstrated that the heterogeneity of the fluid flow around a mineral plays a major role in the dissolution of minerals
Vidal, Jérôme. "Étude expérimentale de la mise à l'échelle de l'imbibition : influence des hétérogénéités du milieu poreux." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT013H.
Morère, Yann. "Mise en oeuvre de lois de commande pour les modèles flous de type Takagi-Sugeno." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/606b1a0a-cd9b-40f2-8292-bf560ea0af7c.
Moulart, Raphaël. "Développement et mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de mesure de champs de déformation à l'échelle micrométrique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003212.
Moulard, Raphaël. "DÉVELOPPEMENT ET MISE EN OEUVRE D'UNE MÉTHODE DE MESURE DE CHAMPS DE DÉFORMATION À L'ÉCHELLE MICROMÉTRIQUE." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351685.
McKee, François. "Etude et mise à l'échelle des écoulements diphasiques en milieux poreux hétérogènes par une approche d'optimisation." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=bd435ce7-5514-401b-9305-92faceb0a7ba.
Geological and geophysical expertise coupled to numerical simulation allow the petroleum industry to build increasingly detailed reservoir models. These models integrate the whole set of available data (production and seismic) but involve geostatistics and stochastic approach. A large number of simulations is required to estimate hydrocarbon reserves and optimize oil recovery. During a first step, engineers build a geological model respecting the real geometry of the reservoir and containing possibly million of cells. The second step consist in building a coarser model, the reservoir model. It contains less cells in order to ensure that numerical simulation is feasible within a reasonable time. Upscaling is the characterization of the reservoir model accordingly to the geological model properties. Multiphase flows upscaling is still an actual issue. Indeed, methods are applied from case to case or in successive stages. Relative permeability curves, characteristic of multiphase flow equations, are a real issue. The main purpose here is to propose an upscaling method for relative permeability by an optimization approach. The studied reservoir is divided in several zones. The upscaled relative permeability curves obtained for each zone allow the building of a reservoir model. This reservoir model forms a good match for the geological model in terms of equivalent flow
Paitier, Agathe. "Etude de la mise à l'échelle des piles à combustible microbiennes : collecteurs de courant et hydrodynamique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI107/document.
Facing increasing energy needs and limiting their impact on the environment are current and major issues for society. Renewable energy development is needed and new alternative technologies could benefit from exploiting neglected energy sources, such as microbial fuel cells (MFC), for energy production. MFCs can be operated with wastewater and produce a reasonable quantity of energy at the small laboratory-scale. Unfortunately, when their size is increased, their efficiency dramatically decreases, which prevents their industrial use. This thesis aims at identifying some obstacles to scale-up of MFC and proposing new directions for its optimization. The first part of the study was focused on the influence of anodic current collectors on electrical performance and on electroactive biofilm development. Our hypothesis was that they could be a limiting factor for electricity production at large scales. To test this hypothesis, four MFCs were operated with a 490 cm² anode connected to the external circuit in a different ways. Increasing the number of collectors improved the power. Collector’s layout influenced electrical potential on the anode surface and created an electrical potential gradient on the anode and this gradient shaped the microbiological structure of the biofilm. This effect especially concerns Geobacter, whose clade G. metallireducens is favored at strongly negative potentials. In addition, impedance measurements showed that multiplying collectors increased the double layer capacitance and, thus, generated a capacitive current that was important for MFC functioning in cycles of charge/discharge and that would improve its performance. Then, MFCs were considered as bioreactors and their different aspects, notably hydrodynamics, were taken into account to model their power output. Three MFCs of different volumes were operated under continuous-flow conditions and tested at four different flow rates. Configuration, operation and performance data were used to build two multiple linear regression statistical models: the first with variables selection through LASSO, the second with dimensionless numbers created with the Vaschy-Buckingham theorem. These two data-driven models showed that the maximal power was mostly correlated to electrolyte transfer rates inside MFC chamber and to shear stress at the anode generated by fluid movement. These two major experimental projects also showed that the abundance of Geobacter, an electroactive bacteria, inside the biofilm was widespread in MFCs, but it was not correlated to maximal power. Despite its large abundance, its quantity alone does not entirely explain the performance of a MFC. In order to succeed at MFC scale-up, fundamental research on electroactive biofilms, process engineering and modeling need to be associated and generalized as empirical results and their explanation
Lorentz, Eric. "Lois de comportement à gradients de variables internes : construction, formulation variationnelle et mise en œuvre numérique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474024.
Arnold, Gilles. "Identification de lois de comportement pour la simulation de procédés de mise en forme à froid." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066479.
Lorentz, Eric. "Lois de comportement à gradients de variables internes : construction, formulation variationnelle et mise en oeuvre numérique." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066618.
Hamiti, Karim. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de lois de commande numériques sur un actionneur électropneumatique avec frottements." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10130.
Lorentz, Éric. "Lois de comportement à gradients de variables internes : construction, formulation variationnelle et mise en oeuvre numérique /." Cachan : Laboratoire de mécanique et technologie, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37056863x.
Ksontini, Mohamed. "Mise en oeuvre de lois de commande basées sur des multi-modèles continus de type Takagi-Sugeno." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/010633b8-054b-44a7-a83b-2bf46a1dfd68.
In this document we dealt with the stabilization of the multi models approaches. We tried to make a link between the adaptive multi models approach and the TS approach. A new control architecture for the adaptive approach has been proposed allowing the stabilisation of the whole closed loop. A comparison about the robustness for the classical inverted pendulum shows the features of this approach. In the second part, we proposed new stabilisation conditions of TS fuzzy models allowing to reduce the number of LMI and or to reduce the conservatism of the conditions. With such conditions, we get some easy LMI conditions for systems having an important number of rules, and we also improve results given in the literature. These results are based mainly on the use of the elimination lemma. A first illustration of these conditions is carried out on a TORA system. Finally the application of these conditions on a mixture liquids system that will be useful in dimensioning a project of prototype has given good results
Lapp, Alain. "Synthese, conformation et interactions de molecules lineaires et ramifiees de polydimethylsiloxane : mise en evidence de lois d'universalite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13108.
Lapp, Alain. "Synthèse, conformation et interactions de molécules linéaires et ramifiées de polydiméthylsiloxane mise en évidence de lois d'universalité /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607020p.
Gibelin, Anne-Laure. "Cycle du carbone dans un modèle de surface continentale : modélisation, validation et mise en oeuvre à l'échelle globale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164054.
Une nouvelle option du modèle, nommée ISBA-CC, est aussi développée afin de simuler de manière plus réaliste la respiration de l'écosystème, en distinguant la respiration autotrophe et la respiration hétérotrophe.
La validation de la dynamique de la végétation et des flux de carbone échangés, à la fois à l'échelle globale à l'aide de données satellitaires, et à l'échelle locale sur 26 sites de mesure du réseau FLUXNET, montre que le modèle de surface est suffisamment réaliste pour être couplé à un modèle de circulation générale, afin de simuler les interactions entre la surface continentale, l'atmosphère et le cycle du carbone.
Diagne, Cheikh Tidiane. "La mise en évidence de l'assemblage et de la recombinaison XerCD-dif à l'échelle de la molécule unique." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2126/.
Tyrosine recombinases are well known to catalyse site-specific DNA recombination in bacteria, archeae and eukaryotes. In bacteria, these recombinases are extensively used for programmed integration, excision and inversion of DNA segments. XerC and XerD are highly conserved tyrosine recombinases devoted to recombine dif sites, located in the terminal domain of circular bacterial chromosomes. XerCD-dif recombination resolves chromosome dimers to monomers before segregation and is thus required for the faithful segregation of sister chromosomes in daughter cells. To do so, its activity is precisely tuned and controlled during the bacterial cell cycle. In Escherichia coli, XerCD-dif activity is controlled by FtsK. In the absence of FtsK, XerC mediates the first strand exchange but the Holliday junction formed is resolved back to substrate. In its presence, XerD interacts with the gamma subdomain of FtsK and mediates the first strand exchange. The Holliday junction is then resolved by XerC. However, the way this septal DNA translocase acts on XerCD-dif recombination is not completely understood but involves the control of the assembly of the synaptic complex where recombination takes place. To understand the XerCD-dif recombination and its FtsK-mediated control, we studied the assembly and the activity of the recombination complexes on single DNA molecules using the Tethered Particle Motion method. In a first part, we demonstrated that FtsK is no needed for the synapse assembly but increases its formation rate. No recombination was detected within these synapses in the absence of the gamma subdomain of FtsK. In a second part, we showed that the gamma subdomain of FtsK is sufficient to activate recombination within these synapses. We also showed that XerD but not XerC leads to a DNA structural modification. Taken together, our results suggest that only the XerD-ready synapse is formed and XerD is a leader during the synapse assembly
Kruszewski, Alexandre. "Lois de commande pour une classe de modèlesnon linéaires sous la forme Takagi-Sugeno :Mise sous forme LMI." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128986.
modèles Takagi-Sugeno. Même s'ils sont issus de l'approche historique de la logique
floue, ils peuvent s'interpréter comme une collection de modèles linéaires interconnectés
par des fonctions non linéaires.
L'étude de la stabilité de ces types de modèles fait appel, dans la grande majorité des cas,
à la méthode directe de Lyapunov avec une fonction de type quadratique. Celle-ci
permettant écrire facilement des conditions sous la forme de contraintes LMI. Les
conditions obtenues ne sont que suffisantes.
De nombreux résultats sont disponibles aujourd'hui pour ce type de modèles. Les
premiers travaux ne traitaient que de la stabilité et de stabilisation sans critères de
robustesse ou notions de performances. Depuis des extensions à des retours d'état avec
observateur, à des modèles sous forme descripteur, à des modèles incertains, à des
modèles à retard à des modèles incertains à retard, à des retours de sortie dynamiques,...
existent. Des critères de performances ont aussi été considérés comme la minimisation
d'un critère quadratique, D-stabilité, Hinf,...
En dépit de cette multitude de résultats, il reste un certain nombre de problèmes à
résoudre. L'approche par fonction de Lyapunov quadratique semble avoir atteint ces
limites. Les conditions obtenues étant seulement suffisantes le principal problème est de
savoir que faire si elles sont trop restrictives ? Comment relâcher un problème LMI qui
n'a pas de solution ? Le but de ce mémoire est de sortir du cadre des fonctions de
Lyapunov quadratiques en proposant des résultats moins conservatifs que ceux rencontrés
dans la littérature..
Hannoun, Hala. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de lois de commande de la machine à réluctance variable à double saillance." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112199.
The present study concerns the implementation of the switched reluctance machine in variable speed motor drives. In order to make this machine more competitive in various industrial applications, we were interested in its control (current, torque, speed) according to both conduction types: discontinuous and continuous modes. An important part of this work was dedicated to realise the experimental tests. The prototype electromagnetic characteristics (flux, torque) are obtained by numerical calculation and are validated on the test bench. From these data, an analytical expression of the inductance is proposed for the development of a new PI current regulator with variable gains: the gain adaptation, with respect to the phase current and the rotor position, compensates the inductance variation and keeps a well defined dynamic of the current closed loop. Two methods to regulate the torque are proposed. The first one, based on the instantaneous value of the torque, reduces considerably the torque ripple but requires a high bandwidth current regulator. The second one, which deals with the torque mean value, is based on optimal parameters maps. For the same sizing of the system (power supply-machine-converter), the high speed performances are considerably increased due to the continuous conduction mode: the torque is increased to a level that allows keeping the maximal power constant over a wide speed range
CADIOU, JEAN-CHARLES. "Etude et mise en uvre de lois de commandes sur un actionneur electrique avec jeux et frottements secs." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066071.
Kruszewski, Alexandre. "Lois de commande pour une classe de modèles non linéaires sous la forme Takagi-Sugeno : mise sous forme LMI." Valenciennes, 2006. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/47cd2183-0e4c-4bc8-b7b8-591ffb66d847.
This PhD thesis deals with a particular class of nonlinear models called Takagi-Sugeno. In spite of their fuzzy background, they can be seen as a collection of linear models blended by some nonlinear functions. The stability analysis of this kind of models is investigated through the direct Lyapunov method and using a quadratic function. This choice is due to its capability to cope with LMI constraints. These conditions are only sufficient. Many results are available for these models. The first works were dealing only with stability and stabilization without any robustness criterion or performances indexes. Extensions are available on state feedback with observer, descriptor models, uncertain models, models with delays, dynamic output feedbacks… Some performances criteria are also considered as the minimization of quadratic criterion, D-Stability, Hinf…In spite of these results, some problems need to be solved. The quadratic Lyapunov function approach seems to have reached its limit. Considering that the conditions are only sufficient, what can be done if they are too restrictive? How to relax a LMI problem which has no solution? The goal of this thesis is to quit the quadratic framework by proposing less conservative results than those met in the literature
Zehani, Mongia. "Optimisation du procédé polyol pour la synthèse de nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc : mise à l'échelle du procédé et applications photovoltaïques." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132044/document.
Thanks to developments in synthesis methods and characterization techniques, nanomaterials research field is increasingly active and attractive. This thesis aims to investigate the polyol process for zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis. Indeed, this method has the advantage of providing a wide variety of particle morphology with a good crystalline quality. In this thesis, we show that by varying the synthesis conditions we can adjust the size, the size distribution and the morphology of nanoparticles to obtain either shaped nanospheres as small as 6 nm or nanowires as long as 600 nm. Our systemic study focused on a set of parameters that control the forced hydrolysis reaction including stoichiometry, temperature, nature of the polyol but also mixing, injection of reagents and ultrasound activation. We show that the shape of the nanoparticles is determined by the competition between growth rates of different zinc oxide crystal facets. Our study also compared different mixing devices such as laboratory reactor, T- mixer and impinging jets. More over, to mass produce zinc oxide nanoparticles, we developed an original strategy to understand the effect of mixing on nanoparticle size. In our approach, we correlate the turbulent energy dissipated as obtained from Computation Fluid Dynamics with theme asured nanoparticle size. The application to the specific case of zinc oxide has allowed us to produce sample aliquots of ~50 g per Batch. These nanoparticles were subsequently incorporated into dye-sensitized solar cells as semi conducting material at the École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris. Indeed, the morphological richness of the zinc oxide produced via polyol process suggests good adsorption of the dye on their surfaces. Our results show that the photoconversion efficiencies depend both on the morphology and the size. Our best photoconversion efficiency approaches 5.3%
Lasri, Abdel-Halim. "Conception, élaboration et mise à l'essai d'un simulateur interactif permettant une approche modélisante, application aux lois de la génétique mendélienne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26801.pdf.
Denideni, Yahia. "La mise en oeuvre de la loi n° 84-17 du 7 juillet 1984 relative aux lois de finances algériennes." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100049.
Grousson, Frédéric. "Définition et mise en oeuvre de lois de commande à modèle interne pour un moteur thermique à injection directe d'essence." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT056H.
This study has been achieved in order to improve the direct injection engine control, by using internal model control strategies. Its aim is to optimise the engine performance and to decrease the polluting emissions through a better dynamic control. The use of internal model controls brings robustness in order to face the engine parameter disparity and allows great improvements in the control calibration thanks to a shorter tuning time. The first part gives the outlines of thermic engine operating and focuses on modelization with the final control in view. The second part tackles the implementation of regulation algorithms. Firstly,the air path control uses the state feedback linearization mixed with the predictive control. Secondly, the torque control of the driver's requests is performed with a static inversion using the Jacobian matrix. Finally, a simplified predictive control makes it possible to solve idle speed regulation problems. The last part is devoted to real time and fast prototyping tests. The main simulation results have been validated through experimental tests on a direct injection car
Loi, Mi Lung-Somarriba Béatrice. "Etude des mécanismes mis en jeu dans la cristallisation de la glycine : contrôle de la distribution granulométrique et mise à l'échelle." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066195.
Gschwind, Michel. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de lois de regulation des boucles de chauffage : application aux batiments de petites et moyennes dimensions." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0078.
Gschwind, Michel. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de lois de régulation des boucles de chauffage application aux bâtiments de petites et moyennes dimensions /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376056247.
Malverti, Luce. "Interaction morphologie-transport dans les rivières : de l'échelle du grain à celle de la rivière." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GLOB0001.
River dynamics involves complex feedbacks between channel morphology, water flow and sediment transport. The aim of this work is to understand these feedbacks for gravel bed rivers, in which morphology channel is entirely controlled by bedlaod transport. In the first part, we investigated the influence of flow regime on the river morphodynamics and showed that the latters are primarily driven by the interaction between morphology and bedlaod transport, and that flow regime is only secondary. We confirmed this for different scales from the evolution of the longitudinal profile to the grain scale. The second part of this work was devoted to investigation of bedforms in order to understand the coupling between morphology and sediment transport. In particular, our results show the importance of a relaxation effect, i. E. Sediment flux does not immediately adapt to varying topography. This relaxation effect is an important physical parameter to describe the morphology-transport interactions in a river and it is now being recognized as an important effect controlling the developpment of bedforms. However, despite its importance, the majority of bedload transport laws proposed in the literature ignore this relaxation effect. Theses laws implicitly consider particle flux to be in equilibrium with the shear stress. In order to overcome this limitation, in the third part of this work, we focused on the physical origin of this relaxation effect and how to develop a model of bedload transport which accounts of this effect. To do this, we studied the bedload transport at the grain scale through an experimental investigation and analysed the experimental results within the frame of the erosion-deposition model proposed by Charru (2006)
Gonçalves, Maria Augusta. "Mise au point d'un logiciel général pour les lois de mélange des matériaux composites en vue de l'étude de leurs propriétés électromagnétiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GONCALVES_M_A.pdf.
Amor, Hanen. "Approche variationnelle des lois de Griffith et de Paris via des modèles non-locaux d'endommagement : étude théorique et mise en oeuvre numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352989.
La régularisation de ces énergies en vue d'une implémentation numérique amène à des modèles d'endommagement non-locaux (i.e. ceux dont l'énergie contient des termes avec gradient d'endommagement).
Dans un premier temps, à travers l'exemple unidimensionnel de la barre en traction, une étude comparative est faite sur différentes familles de modèles d'endommagement. Nous avons mis en évidence que ces modèles d'endommagement se comportent différemment en termes de minima-locaux. Il s'avère que la relation contrainte-déformation ne suffit pas à définir une loi de comportement mais qu'une autre relation reliant la stabilité des solutions homogènes à la taille du domaine s'avère tout aussi essentielle.
Nous avons ensuite éliminé la symétrie de comportement en traction-compression pour prendre en compte la non interpénétration des lèvres des fissures. Ce résultat est obtenu en ne faisant porter l'endommagement que sur la partie en traction et en cisaillement de l'énergie de déformation.
Enfin, nous avons présenté la formulation variationnelle de la fatigue de type Paris que nous avons implémenté numériquement en utilisant des modèles d'endommagement non-locaux.
Des résultats numériques sont présentés et discutés aussi bien dans le cadre de la rupture fragile que dans celui de la rupture par fatigue.
Amor, Hanen. "Approche variationnelle des lois de Griffith et de Paris via des modèles non-locaux d'endommagement : étude théorique et mise en oeuvre numérique." Phd thesis, Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132035.
Ouar, Nassima. "Élaboration de nanofils magnétiques de cobalt-nickel par voie polyol : mise à l'échelle du procédé et consolidation par le procédé frittage flash SPS." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD009/document.
The main objective of this PhD work is to produce nanostructured bulk from anisotropic nanomaterials alloysbased on 3d transition elements (Co and Ni). For using these nanomaterials on an industrial scale, we haveextrapolated the synthesis method (polyol process) from laboratory scale to pilot scale. First, we showed that byvarying the parameters synthesis in laboratory scale we can control not only the morphology but also the size andthe size distribution of the nanoparticles. Indeed, spheres with diameter of 10 nm and nanowires with meanlength of 260 nm and a diameter of 7 nm were obtained for a stoichiometry Co80Ni20. The key parameters of thissynthesis are the concentration of the sodium hydroxide, the nucleation rate, the agitation and the appliedexternal magnetic field. The choice of suitable mixing system for a given geometry of the reactor also has animportant role for the control of the size and shape of the nanowires. When a six-bladed Rushton turbine wasused, shorter nanowires with unconventional small conical-shaped heads and a higher coercive field wereobtained, confirming a strong relationship between flow patterns and nanowire growth. Moreover, numericalresolution of Navier-Stocks equations that govern the transport of matter and quantity of movement in anagitated fluid allowed us to obtain a correlation between turbulent energy dissipation profiles and nanoparticlesize measured experimentally. Magnetic studies revealed a narrow relationship between the magnetic propertiesand the shape of nano-objects. The large-scale synthesis has produced 25 grams of cobalt-nickel nanowires perbatch. Thanks to the SPS sintering process, we have successfully elaborated nanostructured bulk materials.Whereas nanofils show high coercive field and low saturation magnetization, dense materials produced at hightemperatures behave as soft ferromagnetic materials (low coercivity) but show high saturation magnetizationvery close to that expected. The best coercivities are obtained with the bulk nanostructured material using SPSassisted by a permanent magnetic field. This magnetic field succeeded to align the nanowires during sintering.The mechanical behavior of the nanostructured materials depends mainly on the grain size. Hardness andmechanical resistance increase when the grain size decreases in agreement with the Hall-Petch relationship
Breuzard, Gilles. "Mise en évidence de l'intégration membranaire de la mitoxantrone à l'échelle de la cellule vivante par spectroscopie Raman SERS et transfert d'énergie de fluorescence." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000294.pdf.
The nature of drug/membrane interaction remains in the multi-drug resistance an elusive parameter, though important to define the intracellular uptake of xenobiotic. The aims of this work were to develop different spectroscopic methods in order to analyse the insertion mode of mitoxantrone (MTX) in a resistant BCRP/MXR cell model. On the one hand, SERS spectroscopy (Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering) implicating an extracellular silver colloid to enhance Raman scattering of molecules at the surface of the plasma membrane was used. On the other hand, energy transfer from a membrane fluorescent probe to MTX allowed to determine insertion parameters of MTX in the two leaflets of the membrane. Raman scattering of MTX was observed after focusing the laser on a colloid nanoparticle in contact with the membrane of MTX-treated cells. These results were interpreted as a partial insertion of MTX on the plasma membrane. Moreover, a three-fold SERS intensity increase of MTX was observed for resistant cells, which was explained by a higher xenobiotic accessibility to the colloid. The comparison of insertion time-course investigated by fluorescence energy transfer revealed a similar quantity of membrane-inserted MTX molecules between two cell lines. In conclusion, SERS spectroscopy and fluorescence energy transfer allowed to analyse selectively anticancer molecules at the level of the plasma membrane. Changes of the membrane structure could be at the origin of incorporation differences of MTX
PIETRZYK, ALEKSANDER. "Le " synode suisse " de 1972. Etude canonique sur la mise en oeuvre du principe de synodalite dans l'elaboration des " lois synodales " des eglises particulieres." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA111011.
Throughout the history of the church, diocesan synods have taken place at times that have been both crucial and decisive. In the post-vatican ii period, an important synodal movement developed, particularly in europe. At first glance, it would seem that this ecclesiastical institution is not suited to he democratic principales of our contemporary secularised world. Hower, a study of the swiss synode of 1972 proves that the structure of the synod can be in accord with democratic principles, -so valued by the swiss, - while continuing to observe the hierarchichal principles necessary to the workings of the synode as represented by the bishop. To appreciate the importance and the originality of the swiss synode of 1972, it must be remembered that the organisers respected the civil synodal canotnal structure and the synodal structure of the reformed church. They also took into account the history of the synode among catholics. The swiss synode of 1972 allowed the particular churches to prepare for vatican ii. It also onstigated a re-evaluation of synodal law in the context of a changing world
El, Alam Hanane. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre de lois de comportements thermomécaniques issues de l'approche D. N. L. R. Dans le cadre des transformations finies." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL100N.
To extend the D. N. L. R. Formalism to the large transformations, the difficulty lies weil in the treatment of the objectivity. This work is a first attempt to overcome this difficulty. Thus, according to the DNLR formalism which basically uses the Cauchy stress, an effort has been made to identify the associated definition of the strain measurement. More clearly, several objective rates proposed in the literature have been examined. At this stage, we verify within the DNLR thermodynamic framework, the importance of the choice, a priori, of one of these objective rates, on the level of stress really "seen" by the material for a given strain level. Recent works by Xiao, Bruhns and Meyers incited us to use the logarithmic rate in order to perform the temporal integration of the strain rate and to define the strain measurement associated to the Cauchy stress and to ensure the coherency of the behavior law for finite transformations