Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lois de mélanges'
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Benabbou, Zahra. "Lois mélanges et "grands" sinistres." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066315.
Full textMounime, Said. "Contribution à l'étude statistique des mélanges de lois de probabilité." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20206.
Full textGomes, Antonio. "Reconnaissance de mélanges de lois de Bingham : application à la classification de variables." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20156.
Full textBruneau, Pierrick. "Contributions en classification automatique : agrégation bayésienne de mélanges de lois et visualisation interactive." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2023.
Full textThe internet and recent architectures such as sensor networks are currently witnessing tremendous and continuously growing amounts of data, often distributed on large scales. Combined with user expectations with respect to tooling, this encourages developing adequate techniques for analyzing and indexing. Classication and clustering tasks are about characterizing classes within data collections. These are often used as building blocks for designing tools aimed at making data accessible to users. In this document, we describe our contributions to mixture models aggregation. These models are classically used for content categorization. Using variational Bayesian principles, we aimed at designing low computation and transmission costs algorithms. Doing so, we aimed at proposing a building block for distributed density model estimation. We also contributed to visual classication applied to data streams. To this purpose, we employed bio-mimetic principles, and results from graph theory. More specically, visual and dynamic abstractions of an underlying clustering process were proposed. We strived to provide users with ecient interfaces, while allowing using their actions as a feedback
Paul, Nicolas. "Une nouvelle approche pour l'Estimation des Mélanges de Lois : application à la radio cognitive." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0592.
Full textThis thesis deals with unsupervised mixture estimation. The number K of components is supposed to be known and the mixture components do not strongly overlap, so that the component modes remain modes of the mixture probability density function. Our approach is based on an original optimisation criterion, called “K-product”. The global optimisation of KP is easier than the global optimisation of the classical criteria, usually derived from the log-likelihood. In dimension 1 or 2, the global minimum of KP can be reached by first solving a system of K linear equations then finding the roots of some polynomial of order K. In higher dimension, a relaxation algorithm can be used, where each step simply consists of a weighted least square optimization. The global minimum of KP provides a biased but useful estimation of the component expectations: If the components do not strongly overlap, a simple nearest neighbour classification, based on the KP minimum, enable to separate the different components. An original application has been proposed in a cognitive radio context, where the KP criterion is used by a set of “secondary users” to estimate the different mode of activity of a set of “primary users” in a given radio spectrum band
Gning, Lucien Diégane. "Utilisation des mélanges de lois de Poisson et de lois binomiales négatives pour établir des tarifs a priori et a posteriori en assurance non-vie." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066304.
Full textBusignies, Virginie. "Recherche de lois de mélange sur des propriétés mécaniques de systèmes granulaires compactés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012167.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail de recherche est d'évaluer les propriétés de mélanges granulaires compactés. Etant donnée la complexité du problème et la difficulté d'interprétation lorsque l'on s'intéresse à des mélanges d'excipients, les études doivent être réalisées sur des systèmes simples (mélanges binaires faisant intervenir des systèmes monodisperses). Il a donc été nécessaire d'étudier de la façon la plus complète possible les systèmes simples choisis avant de pouvoir passer à l'étude de leurs mélanges binaires.
Les excipients étudiés (A TAB®, Fast Flo®, Vivapur 12®) sont représentatifs des excipients utilisés dans le domaine pharmaceutique. Les données de la littérature ont également mis en évidence des comportements en compression très différenciés.
Le premier objectif de ce travail a donc été de caractériser de la manière la plus exhaustive possible le comportement sous pression des trois excipients ainsi que les propriétés mécaniques de ces systèmes compactés.
Les résultats obtenus sur la compressibilité des trois excipients (énergies mises en jeu au cours de la compression, consommation de la porosité, modélisation de Heckel et seuil moyen d'écoulement plastique) ont confirmé des aptitudes à la compression très différentes.
En complément, la technique de microtomographie X a été utilisée pour caractériser la fraction solide des comprimés de Vivapur 12®. Cette technique est une technique émergente dans l'étude des comprimés pharmaceutiques. Il a donc été nécessaire au préalable de la valider dans le domaine d'application dans lequel nous voulions la mettre en oeuvre (vérification de la loi de Beer-Lambert). Après une étape de calibration, une hétérogénéité au niveau de la répartition de la masse volumique a été mise en évidence au sein des comprimés, avec une différence importante entre la surface (surdensifiée) et le centre du comprimé. A la vue de ces observations, il apparaît donc que la différence entre les propriétés du volume (résistance à la rupture, module de Young, ...) et les propriétés de surface (dureté en indentation, ...) doit être faite.
Concernant les propriétés mécaniques des systèmes simples compactés (résistance à la rupture, module de Young, ténacité, dureté Brinell), des différences ont été observées entre les trois excipients pour une même propriété. De plus, pour un même excipient, des variations marquées entre les propriétés mécaniques caractéristiques du volume du compact et les propriétés mécaniques caractéristiques de la surface ont été mises en évidence.
Le modèle de la percolation qui est de plus en plus rencontré dans le domaine de la compression de composés pharmaceutiques a été appliqué aux trois systèmes étudiés. Les résultats de nos essais de modélisation semble montrer que ce modèle présente des limites. L'exposant critique ne semble pas universel pour une propriété donnée et les seuils de densité critique obtenus restent difficile à interpréter.
La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude des mélanges binaires formés à partir des trois excipients étudiés dans la première partie.
Le suivi de l'évolution de la porosité des mélanges (à une contrainte de compression donnée) en fonction de la composition massique du mélange a permis de mettre en évidence une relation linéaire Porosité/Composition. Cette relation permet de déterminer la porosité d'un mélange compacté sous une pression donnée à partir des données recueillies au cours de l'étude des systèmes simples. Par contre, le seuil moyen d'écoulement plastique des mélanges n'évolue pas linéairement avec la composition massique du mélange. Mais en raison de la relation précédemment obtenue, une méthode de calcul indirect du seuil moyen d'écoulement plastique est possible. Cette méthode prédictive permet une bonne approximation des propriétés de densification et de déformation d'un mélange binaire quelle que soit sa composition.
Pour toutes les propriétés mécaniques étudiées, les lois de proportionnalités simples classiquement utilisées en mécanique ne sont pas applicables. Dans la majorité des cas, une déviation négative est même observée par rapport à ces lois simples.
Dans le cas particulier des propriétés mécaniques qui caractérisent la surface des compacts, il est apparu qu'elles étaient régies par le composé le plus plastique du mélange dès que sa proportion massique est égale à environ 30 à 20 %.
Pour s'inscrire dans une optique d'aide à la formulation, un modèle a été proposé pour décrire l'évolution du module de Young et de la résistance à la rupture en fonction de la composition du mélange. Après ajustement, une approche basée sur des interactions triangulaires et sur la probabilité de présence de ces interactions semble la plus adaptée.
Pour compléter l'étude des systèmes binaires, des essais de microtomographie X ont également été menés sur des mélanges Vivapur 12®/A TAB® compactés. Les représentations obtenues ont permis de mettre en évidence le Vivapur 12® au niveau des surfaces des compacts qui ont été en contact avec les pièces mécaniques. Ces observations confirment les résultats obtenus en microindentation sur ce mélange. Les seuils de percolation des deux excipients ont également été mis en évidence.
Kohler, Stefanie. "Pyrolyse rapide de biomasses et de leurs constituants. Application à l'établissement de lois prévisionnelles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL017N/document.
Full textThe fast pyrolysis of different types of celluloses, lignins, xylanes as well as different mixtures of these basic compounds and two real biomasses (birch wood and wheat straw) has been studied in an image furnace. The mass loss rates of each of the studied model compounds are very different, but usually higher for cellulose than xylane and higher for xylane than lignins. Lignins begin to react before xylane and cellulose. For a given pyrolysis time, lignins produce more char than xylane. Char formation from cellulose remains insignificant, close to zero. Microgranular cellulose gives mainly rise to vapours and very little gas is formed. Cellulose extracted from birch wood shows an intermediate behaviour between microgranular cellulose and lignins. Production rates of gases are higher than those of vapours for xylan. Regarding the mixtures of these three compounds, an intermediate behaviour can be observed. Birch wood is more reactive than wheat straw. Its pyrolytic behaviour is similar with that of cellulose extracted from birch wood with regard to concerning mass loss rates and vapours formation. A simple additive correlation relying on mass loss rates and products formations rates is elaborated and the results compared to the experimental values. It appears that inorganics play an important role in biomass pyrolysis : the pyrolytic behaviour of wheat straw, a biomass which is rich in inorganics, cannot be described by simple additive correlations. Less significant gaps between expected rates obtained by the correlations and the observed rates obtained by the experiments are found for synthetic mixtures and birch wood. In conclusion, the hypothesis of linear correlations cannot be supported for representing the products formations rates. A complete mathematical model is then developed revealing a non-linear behaviour of the variations of mass losses and products formations. Except for wheat straw, new additive correlations are then determined. The agreement with the experimental results is very satisfying with regard to the measurements accuracies
Ramdani, Youcef. "Étude à l'aide d'un interféromètre à trois ondes 9275 MHz de la résonance de composites soumis à un champ magnétique : confrontation des résultats aux lois des mélanges en εμ." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10577.
Full textRoquier, Gérard. "Etude de la compacité optimale des mélanges granulaires binaires : classe granulaire dominante, effet de paroi, effet de desserrement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1001/document.
Full textPacking density of granular materials is a quantity which interests many sectors, in particular hydraulic concrete. When two monodimensional grain classes have no very different sizes, two geometrical interactions develop : the wall effect and the loosening effect. The first one express the perturbation of the packing of the small grains at the interface between large and small grains. The second one occurs when small grains are not enough fine to insert into small cavities created by the touching larger grains. We analyze how they are taken into account in existing packing models. We select finally the compressible packing model (CPM) of de Larrard et al., one of the most effective. In this one, wall effect and loosening effect are quantified by two coefficients. They can, of course, be calculated from experimental results on binary mixtures, as a function of fine/coarse diameter ratios. However, there is no satisfactory theory allowing to calculate them. This doctoral thesis is done to fill this missing link. Ordered and very packed piles of particles are used as a reference frame to be in adequation with the CPM assumptions which require, before the calculation of the real packing density, the determination of a virtual packing density. The latter is defined as the maximum packing density attainable if each particle could be positioned in its ideal location. This approach allows the creation of elementary juxtaposed cells. In that context, the effect of a smaller grain (loosening effect) or a larger grain (wall effect) on the packed class is based on the study of a foreign sphere surrounded by dominant class neighbours. The numerical simulation confirms the validity of the model. In addition to predict wall effect and loosening effect coefficients close to those determined theoretically, numerical simulation was used to predict the solid fraction of maximally dense disordered packings of bidisperse spherical frictionless particles with 0,2 and 0,4 size ratios. The « partial pressures » concept, that includes both geometrical and mechanical aspects, allows to complete and improve the notion of dominant class and to better understand the build-up of the granular skeleton. In addition with « small grains packed » and « large grains packed » zones, the numerical simulation has highlighted a joint zone, called « synergism zone of the granular skeleton » where « partial pressures » fine-large particles are the most important. With this new theory developed for geometrical interactions, the compressible packing model (CPM) is evolving to the new 4-parameter CPM which are : the wall effect coefficient, the loosening effect coefficient, the critical cavity size ratio and the compaction index of the mixing, which requires a new recalibration. The 4-parameter CPM demonstrates its efficiency to predict the packing density of binary mixtures from the analysis of 780 results obtained on different types of materials. Finally, a model intended to predict the viscosity of a multimodal concentrated suspension with spherical particles suspended in a viscous fluid is presented. We resort to the iterative approach advocated by Farris and to a power-law relation (Krieger-Dougherty type) for the relative viscosity, compatible with the Einstein relation appropriate for a dilute suspension. When the solid volume fraction reaches its critical value, the suspension is jammed and the mixture reaches the packing density of the solid skeleton calculated with the 4-parameter CPM
Guéna, Geoffroy. "Discussions sur l'évaporation d'une gouttelette mouillante." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292745.
Full textLe travail qui est rapporté fait suite à la thèse de C. Poulard soutenue en 2005 au sein de notre groupe. Il s'est dégagé de ce premier travail de grandes tendances : notamment, la phase de rétraction est caractérisée par l'existence de lois de puissance pour le rayon et l'angle de contact. Ce caractère particulier a donné lieu à un modèle élaboré en collaboration avec M. Ben Amar. Le domaine de validité de ce modèle peut toutefois être amélioré. Le manuscrit prend ainsi la forme d'une discussion illustrée de faits expérimentaux, où les hypothèses sont reprises, les processus invoqués, testés et au cours de laquelle l'accent est mis sur les points importants en vue d'une meilleure description de la dynamique de ces objets volatils.
Soulignons qu'en raison de la forme particulière du taux d'évaporation, la ligne de contact recule alors que l'angle de contact n'est pas nul. Or, cet angle est particulièrement significatif dans les dynamiques. Un accent particulier est porté sur la forme de l'interface liquide au niveau de la ligne de contact, gouvernée par un réel problème d'hydrodynamique. Notamment, des tests précis sur le couplage entre l'évaporation et les écoulements hydrodynamiques à l'extension maximale sont menés et les résultats de cette étude sont appliqués avec succès à la remise à l'échelle des dynamiques.
Nous abordons dans une seconde partie, la question peu typique de l'évaporation d'une goutte de mélange. Dans un tel système, l'évaporation provoque un défaut du composé le plus volatil au niveau de la ligne de contact. Nous verrons dans cette partie que les hétérogénéités ainsi créées sont à l'origine de gradients de tension de surface qui contrôlent les dynamiques.
Mdarhri, A. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux hétérogènes: Approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583599.
Full textMendieta, Tenorio Aída. "Clay characterization using spectral induced polarization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS050.
Full textClays are ubiquitously present in the Earth’s near surface and they have a high impact on the permeability of a system. Due to this property, clay formations are used in a variety of geology related applications (oil and gas, geothermal, nuclear waste storage, critical zone research, among others). Clays have a high surface charge and a high specific surface area, this property gives clays a particularly strong electrical double layer (EDL). Spectral induced polarization (SIP) is an active geo-electrical method thatmeasures in a non-invasive manner the frequency-dependent complex conductivity of a geo-material from themHz to the kHz. The complex conductivity informs about the ability the probed material has to conduct an electrical current and the ability to polarize (to reversibly store electrical charges). This thesis presents a detailed laboratory protocol to obtain SIP measurements of different types of clay at varying salinities, as well as an artificial heterogeneous mixture of illite and red montmorillonite with a salinity of around 10¡2 mol L¡1. The results of the first study show that the real part of the electrical conductivity increases with salinity, but the imaginary part increases until a maxima and then decreases. An interpretation of the decrease can come fromthe fact that clays coagulate at high salinities. The potential coagulation of clays would alter the pore space and then alter the polarization mechanisms in play. Furthermore, when comparing the ratio of the surface conductivity (imaginary versus real) of these resultswith other data in the literature, we notice that this ratio decreaseswith clay content. For the second study, we observe that red montmorillonite dominates the polarization with respect to illite. However, both clays effect the conduction of the mixtures. Mixing laws are an effective approach to model the complex conductivity of these heterogeneous mixtures. Complex conductance network models are better at predicting the shape of the polarization spectra. The results of this thesis work open new opportunities for clay characterization using SIP
Vachon, Lachance Emmanuel. "Étude paramétrique de l'agglomération des systèmes granulaires pharmaceutiques secs lors de l'étape de mélange." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5422.
Full textKamary, Kaniav. "Lois a priori non-informatives et la modélisation par mélange." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED022/document.
Full textOne of the major applications of statistics is the validation and comparing probabilistic models given the data. This branch statistics has been developed since the formalization of the late 19th century by pioneers like Gosset, Pearson and Fisher. In the special case of the Bayesian approach, the comparison solution of models is the Bayes factor, ratio of marginal likelihoods, whatever the estimated model. This solution is obtained by a mathematical reasoning based on a loss function. Despite a frequent use of Bayes factor and its equivalent, the posterior probability of models, by the Bayesian community, it is however problematic in some cases. First, this rule is highly dependent on the prior modeling even with large datasets and as the selection of a prior density has a vital role in Bayesian statistics, one of difficulties with the traditional handling of Bayesian tests is a discontinuity in the use of improper priors since they are not justified in most testing situations. The first part of this thesis deals with a general review on non-informative priors, their features and demonstrating the overall stability of posterior distributions by reassessing examples of [Seaman III 2012].Beside that, Bayes factors are difficult to calculate except in the simplest cases (conjugate distributions). A branch of computational statistics has therefore emerged to resolve this problem with solutions borrowing from statistical physics as the path sampling method of [Gelman 1998] and from signal processing. The existing solutions are not, however, universal and a reassessment of the methods followed by alternative methods is a part of the thesis. We therefore consider a novel paradigm for Bayesian testing of hypotheses and Bayesian model comparison. The idea is to define an alternative to the traditional construction of posterior probabilities that a given hypothesis is true or that the data originates from a specific model which is based on considering the models under comparison as components of a mixture model. By replacing the original testing problem with an estimation version that focus on the probability weight of a given model within a mixture model, we analyze the sensitivity on the resulting posterior distribution of the weights for various prior modelings on the weights and stress that a major appeal in using this novel perspective is that generic improper priors are acceptable, while not putting convergence in jeopardy. MCMC methods like Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and the Gibbs sampler are used. From a computational viewpoint, another feature of this easily implemented alternative to the classical Bayesian solution is that the speeds of convergence of the posterior mean of the weight and of the corresponding posterior probability are quite similar.In the last part of the thesis we construct a reference Bayesian analysis of mixtures of Gaussian distributions by creating a new parameterization centered on the mean and variance of those models itself. This enables us to develop a genuine non-informative prior for Gaussian mixtures with an arbitrary number of components. We demonstrate that the posterior distribution associated with this prior is almost surely proper and provide MCMC implementations that exhibit the expected component exchangeability. The analyses are based on MCMC methods as the Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm, adaptive MCMC and the Parallel tempering algorithm. This part of the thesis is followed by the description of R package named Ultimixt which implements a generic reference Bayesian analysis of unidimensional mixtures of Gaussian distributions obtained by a location-scale parameterization of the model. This package can be applied to produce a Bayesian analysis of Gaussian mixtures with an arbitrary number of components, with no need to specify the prior distribution
Altaleb, Anas. "Méthodes d'échantillonnage par mélanges et algorithmes MCMC." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES034.
Full textLakel, Rabah. "Contribution à l'identification des mélanges gaussiens à l'aide d'une approche récursive." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10009.
Full textEyi-Minko, Frédéric. "Propriétés des processus max-stables : théorèmes limites, lois conditionnelles et mélange fort." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2282/document.
Full textThe theme of this thesis is spatial extreme value theory and we focus on continuous max-stable processes. We begin with the convergence of the maximum of independent stochastic processes, by using the convergence of empirical measures to Poisson point processes. After that, we determine the regular conditional distributions of max infinitely divisible (max-i.d) processes. The representation of max-i.d. processes by Poisson point processes allows us to introduce the notions of extremal functions and hitting scenario. Our result relies on these new notions. Max-stable processes are max-i.d. processes, so we give an algorithm for conditional sampling and give an application to extreme precipitations around Zurich and extreme temperatures in Switzerland. We also find a upper bound for the β-mixing coefficient between the restrictions of a max-i.d. process on two disjoint closed subsets of a locally compact metric space. This entails a central limit theorem for stationary max-i.d processes. Finally, we prove that the class of stationary maxstable processes with the Markov property is equal, up to time reversal, to the class of stationary max-autoregressive processes of order 1
Duplat, Jérôme. "Mélange turbulent : sources élémentaires et loi de composition." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10122.
Full textHocq, Hervé. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique des mélanges méthanol-eau-hydrocarbures." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30016.
Full textLemaire, Anne-Sophie. "Une approche par mélange des lois L 1-symetriques et estimation d'un paramètre de position." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES081.
Full textGogibus, Nicolas. "Études des propriétés thermophysiques et électro-optiques de mélanges de polysiloxanes et de cristaux liquides." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-327.pdf.
Full textDans le cas des systèmes linéaires, l'analyse par microscopie optique a révélé une dispersion de domaines CL sous forme de gouttes dans la matrice polymère amorphe. Lorsque le CL est mélangé au PDMS, un domaine biphasique isotrope-isotrope a été observé sur un large intervalle de températures. Cette texture a été également détectée et examinée par diffusion de la lumière. Une étude des diagrammes de phases a révélé une diminution significative de la miscibilité avec la masse du polymère dans le cas du 5CB. L'emploi du PMPS comme polymère augmente considérablement la solubilité du CL. Par Analyse Enthalpique Différentielle, un effet de plastification du E7 a été observé dans ce polymè́re. Uneétude utilisant les mêmes méthodes d'analyse physique mais sur le système PDMS acrylique / 5CB, polymérisé sous EB (bombardement électronique), a montré également une forte incompatibilité entre les deux constituants. La structure varie peu avec la composition et semble être formée d'objets petits (1 à 2[mu]m) interconnectés de cristal liquide dans le réseau polymère. Une étude électro-optique sur les films PDLC révèle que l'emploi d'une matrice polymère de type réseau PDMS fourni des tensions d'adressage et une hystérésis faibles. Ces propriétés électro-optiques ont été discutées en fonction des résultats d'analyses thermophysiques et de morphologie
Merabet, Hayet. "Mélanges de probabilités de Dirichlet : neutralité dans les espaces probabilistes aléatoires." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES025.
Full textNguyen, Huynh Dong. "Modélisation thermodynamique de mélanges symétriques et asymétriques de composés polaires oxygénés et/ou aromatiques par GC-SAFT." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132003.
Full textThe main goal of this study is an as predictive as possible modeling of liquid-vapor and/or liquid-liquid phase equilibria of mixtures containing more or less complex polar compounds of interest for petroleum industry. The model used is based on a SAFT equation of state combined with a group contribution method proposed by Tamouza (GC-SAFT). GC-SAFT has been extended here to polar compounds (Theory of Twu and Gubbins extended to chain molecules by the 'segment approach' of Jog and Chapman). Pure prediction (kij=lij=0) systematic tests of the model have been performed on a large number of mixtures of aromatics, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and various hydrocarbons. A new group contribution has also been proposed in order to evaluate the kij binary interaction parameter in the case of mixtures containing some specific small molecules as CO2, CH4, C2H6, H2S, N2, CO, CH4O and O2. This method is based on the London theory of dispersive intermolecular forces and uses only pure species parameters. Polar GC-SAFT has been also tested on systems containing multi-functional compounds as diesters, aromatic esters, aromatiques ethers and alkyl phenols. More than 650 mixtures have been considered. Average deviations on bubble pressure are about 5% which can be considered quite acceptable for a predictive method
Daridon, Jean-Luc. "Mesure et représentation des équilibres de phases sous pression de mélanges d'eau, de paraffines et dioxyde de carbone." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3004.
Full textMasteau, Jean-Claude. "Compressibilité et cohésion de produits pharmaceutiques. Etude et modélisation du comportement de mélanges binaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841859.
Full textRonceray, Lilian. "Méthodologies de réglage automatique temps-réel de lois de pilotage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430820.
Full textJoseph, Caroline. "Application de l'analyse des mélanges gaussiens au calibrage géologique des données sismiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_JOSEPH_C.pdf.
Full textSouzy, Mathieu. "Mélange dans les suspensions de particules cisaillées à bas nombre de Reynolds." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4719/document.
Full textMainly based on experiments, I investigated at a particle scale the mechanisms at the origin of the transfer enhancement in sheared non-Brownian and non-inertial particulate suspensions. First, I revisited Taylor's experiment, investigating the evolution of a drop of dye in a periodic shear. Beyond a critical strain amplitude, the presence of the particles breaks the reversibility of the system and the drop of dye is rapidly dispersed in the surrounding medium. Then, investigating the transfer process in the wall vicinity, I showed that in this region, the rotation of the particles convectively transport a scalar at a constant rate directly from the wall towards the bulk of the suspension, breaking the diffusive boundary layer. An analytical solution for the concentration profile in this region is proposed, in good agreement with experimental measurements. Lastly, high-resolution PIV measurements of the fluid phase were performed in the bulk of the suspension. Using these velocity fields, we reconstructed the stretching histories of fluid material lines to determine the stretching laws, crucial for the understanding of the mixing process. The presence of the particles changes the very nature of the stretching laws from linear, in a pure fluid, to exponential in the presence of particles. A multiplicative stretching model is proposed, which quantitatively predicts the experimentally measured evolution of the mean and the variance of the elongations of the fluid material lines as well as their evolution towards a log-normal distribution. The strong stretching inhomogeneity in sheared suspensions results in a broad distribution of the mixing time
Schwander, Olivier. "Méthodes de géométrie de l'information pour les modèles de mélange." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00931722.
Full textGrynberg, Julien. "Mécanismes physiques et chimiques mis en jeu lors de la fusion du mélange SiO2-Na2CO3." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829455.
Full textPriam, Rodolphe. "Méthodes de carte auto-organisatrice par mélange de lois contraintes. Application à l'exploration dans les tableaux de contingence textuels." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532832.
Full textMourah, Moustafa. "Modélisation des équilibres de phases liquide-liquide et liquide-vapeur des mélanges contenant de l'eau, des alcools et des hydrocarbures." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132023.
Full textThis dissertation studies a ‘predictive’ thermodynamic modeling of liquid-liquid and/or liquid-vapor phase equilibria of mixtures containing methanol, ethanol and/or water (polar and associative compounds). The model used is based on a SAFT equation of state combined with a group contribution method. Nguyen-Huynh (GC-PPC-SAFT) has extended this method to polar compounds. In this study, we have applied a group contribution method proposed by Tamouza, with a predictive method to estimate the binary interaction parameter (based on the London theory). Specific parameters of these compounds have been determinated using fundamentally the liquid-liquid phase equilibria data with hydrocarbons. The binary interaction parameters have very important effect on the representation of this phase equilibria. Nevertheless, it is possible to calculate this parameter with a predictive method. This approach weakly degrades the quality of the liquid-vapor phase equilibria. The description of the mixtures containing polar and associative compounds requires to study the cross-associating effect. Finally, we tested the performance of the model GC-PPC-SAFT on ternary systems. The results can be considered promising towards a fully predictive model development
Gilormini, Pascal. "Contribution à la modélisation de la permittivité diélectrique de matériaux composites absorbants aux ondes hyperfréquences : lois de mélange, lois de changement d'échelle et équations du milieu effectif généralisé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GILORMINI_P.pdf.
Full textPriam, Rodolphe. "Méthodes de carte auto-organisatrice par mélange de lois contraintes. Ap^plication à l'exploration dans les tableaux de contingence textuels." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10166.
Full textVrac, Mathieu. "Analyse et modélisation de données probabilistes par décomposition de mélange de copules et application à une base de données climatologiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002386.
Full textRida, Marwan. "Simulation numérique des phénomènes de transport lors de la nitruration gazeuse avec des mélanges NH₃-h₂ et NH₃-H₂-N₂." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL155N.
Full textNigay, Pierre-Marie. "Etude des transformations microstructurales de mélanges argile/biomasse lors de la cuisson et relations avec les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0001/document.
Full textWaste and biomass valorization appears, on a way of research and advances, as a relevant answer in the challenge offered to the clay bricks industry and housing field. Incorporations of agricultural wastes into clayey ceramic bodies accorded, along those investigations, raw material and energy savings, since improving the mechanical and thermal properties on the basis of every building material. Biomass incorporations amongst argillaceous mixtures induce a porosity formation through the firing process under a release, on a range of temperatures going from 200 to 400°C, of the material spaces previously filled by the organic particles. The porous cavities assume the sizes as well as shapes of the biomass particles and provide a microstructure control affording a functional properties command. The agricultural wastes including thin particles fade out into the clayey bodies and provide, through a median pore size reduction, an improvement of the mechanical strength up to 40%. Crops residues showing fibrous particles induce on the other hand an increase of microstructure and porous network anisotropy, leading to a tremendous improvement of nearly 40% in the insulation behavior. The biomass combustion provides a calorific contribution as well, to the industrial process of firing, surrounding 35% of the usual fuel requirements and supplies an eventual cost of agricultural wastes. Biomass incorporation into clayey ceramic appears as a success on economical, environmental and technical terms, according to the material purpose offering an improvement of the functional performances, and energy purpose assuming a diminution of gas consumptions or a reduction of carbon dioxide release
Chaer, Touria. "Étude de la réactivité des mélanges gazeux NH₃-N₂-H₂ lors de la nitruration d'un acier dans le réacteur de thermobalance." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL082N.
Full textAbraini, Jacques Henri. "Réactions anxieuses et perturbations comportementales lors de confinements de longue durée en chambre hyperbare sous hautes pressions de mélanges respiratoires hydrogènes." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2014.
Full textLife conditions during deep diving include long term confinement at pressure environment (pressure increases of 1 bar; i. E the value of atmospheric pressure, every 10 meters depth). During the present study, we used the Cattell anxiety scale questionnaire to determine whether such conditions of occupational diving could induce anxious reactions related to confinement or pressure. Our results show that only few subjects, with psychological characteritics such as an anxious guilt or an incapacity to cope with frustration, developed anxious reactions else where, anxious reactions appear in relations ship with other factors such as time of confinement, pressure, psychosocial events or diving operations
Gonçalves, Maria Augusta. "Mise au point d'un logiciel général pour les lois de mélange des matériaux composites en vue de l'étude de leurs propriétés électromagnétiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GONCALVES_M_A.pdf.
Full textRondin, Jérôme. "Apport des écoulements élongationnels lors de la mise en oeuvre de mélanges PP/EPDM réticulés dynamiquement et chargés à base de graphène." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE046/document.
Full textA new mixing device (RMX®) based on elongational flows has been developed during this work. This device has specific technical features comparing to conventional mixers such as: variable mixing volume, direct molding of samples, air and water tightness. After an optimization of processing conditions, dispersive mixing efficiency was assessed on PP/EPDM blends by numerical analysis. Very fine dispersed morphologies were obtained for lower specific mixing energy and mixing times comparing to internal mixer (Haake Rheomix 600). Significantly reduced droplet sizes have been obtained for high-viscosity ratio blends (p > 1). These results indicate an enhanced droplet break-up mechanism in the RMX® which was attributed to the combination of high shear rates inside the mixing element and important elongational flows in the convergent/divergent zones. Impact of elongational flow mixing on the (co)-continuity interval of PP/EPDM blends was investigated. An important shift (~ 10 wt%) of the EPDM percolation threshold as well as a higher phase inversion concentration was observed. A combination of complementary techniques (SEM, selective extraction and rheological analysis) was successfully carried on in order to assess this (co)-continuity interval. Then, PP/EPDM blends with a co-continuous morphology were dynamically crosslinked in the RMX® using resole as a crosslinking agent. An original and specific procedure was developed for this purpose. Gel fraction close to 1 and significantly enhanced elastic properties after crosslinking confirmed the efficiency of this procedure. Finally, the dispersion of lamellar and conductive nanofillers (xGNPTM) in a polypropylene matrix was studied. Microstructural characterization by XRD and optical microscopy, rheological and electrical percolation thresholds (7 and 8 wt% of xGNP respectively) and corresponding aspect ratios (Af ~ 15) have shown no evidence of exfoliation
Castro, Mickaël. "Contrôle de la morphologie d'un mélange de polymères lors de l'extrusion de films : application aux batteries lithium-polymère." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4019.
Full textThis work deals with the design engineering and the characterization of two polymer films made by extrusion. These films are the components of a lithium-polymer battery. They are based on a blend of two immiscible polymers. To take advantage of the opposite properties of the two components, the morphology of the blend must be cocontinuous. Before studying the process ability of such polymer films, morphological and rheological properties are investigated. The observations made by selective extraction and microscopy are compared with the rheological behaviour. Since no model has achieved a good prediction of the behaviour of the storage modulus, a new model has been developed to predict the evolution of G' at low frequencies. In a wider range of frequencies, this particular behaviour of the continuous structure has been assimilated with the chemical gelation of crosslinked networks. The second part of this work described the study of the process. Conductivity, resistivity measurements and mechanical characterization have been used to determine the composition of films. The process has been developed in the laboratory and transferred to the industrial site. It allows us to produce large amount of electrolyte and cathode films to build a lithium-polymer battery. Selective extraction, microscopy, differential calorimetry, mechanical spectrometry and thermogravimetry have been used to characterize these complex systems. Finally, batteries have been made to test successfully the different components, electrolyte and cathode
Camy, Séverine. "Procédé de synthèse de carbonate de diméthyle utilisant le dioxyde de carbone supercritique : étude et modélisation du fractionnement du mélange réactionnel." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT013G.
Full textBiessy, Guillaume. "Semi-Markov modeling of the loss of autonomy among elderly people : application to long-term care insurance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE048/document.
Full textA sizable challenge to modern societies, Long-Term Care (LTC) in elderly people may be defined as a state of incapacity to perform autonomously part of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL). In most cases, long-term care is caused by pathologies linked to aging. To cope with the sizeable costs linked to this state, private insurers have developed products in top of the public aid. To quantify the long-term care risk, multi-state models are used for which transition probabilities betweenstates (autononomy, death and one to several levels of LTC) need to be inferred. Under the Markov assumption, those probabilities only depend on the current state, this assumption being too restrictive in regards of the complexity of the underlying risk. In a semi-Markov framework, those probabilities also depends on the time spent in the current state. In this thesis, we emphasis the need for the semi-Markov modeling. We demonstrate the impact of time spent in LTC on death probabilities. Besides, we exhibit that taking into account the diversity induced by pathologies leads to sizable improvementsin the fit of the model to experience data. Furthermore, we highlight that the peculiar shape taken by death probabilities as a function of time spent in LTC may be explained by the mixture of pathology groups among the disabled population
Vernet, Elodie Edith. "Modèles de mélange et de Markov caché non-paramétriques : propriétés asymptotiques de la loi a posteriori et efficacité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS418/document.
Full textLatent models have been widely used in diverse fields such as speech recognition, genomics, econometrics. Because parametric modeling of emission distributions, that is the distributions of an observation given the latent state, may lead to poor results in practice, in particular for clustering purposes, recent interest in using non parametric latent models appeared in applications. Yet little thoughts have been given to theory in this framework. During my PhD I have been interested in the asymptotic behaviour of estimators (in the frequentist case) and the posterior distribution (in the Bayesian case) in two particuliar non parametric latent models: hidden Markov models and mixture models. I have first studied the concentration of the posterior distribution in non parametric hidden Markov models. More precisely, I have considered posterior consistency and posterior concentration rates. Finally, I have been interested in efficient estimation of the mixture parameter in semi parametric mixture models
Sani, Rababe. "Étude des transformations microstructurales de mélanges argile/Combustibles Solides de Récupération (CSR) lors de la cuisson : relations entre propriétés physico-chimiques, mécaniques et thermiques." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0005/document.
Full textThe valorization of co-products rich in organic and inorganic materials as additives in formulations based on clay matrix can improve both the mechanical and thermal performances of ceramic materials as well as the energy balance of the manufacturing processes of these products. This study focused on the incorporation of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) into the clay ceramics for civil engineering in close collaboration with TERREAL as part of the ANR funded LabCom RESPECTc project. Firstly, two SRF were selected and used as additives to improve the properties of ceramic materials from to clay mixture deposits named ML and MC from TERREAL. The influence of the nature, the amount of SRF, the grain size of SRF and the nature of clay matrix on the physico-chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the clay/SRF mixtures were studied between 30°C and 1100°C. In all cases, the addition of SRF into the clay mixture (ML or MC) has enhanced the insulating nature of the ceramic materials by reducing their thermal conductivity. The addition of SRF has also improved the mechanical properties of the ceramic materials, depending on the nature and the amount of SRF added, the rate and the nature (shape, size and distribution) of the porosity created. The study demonstrated that interactions between clay minerals and inorganic elements of SRF have a significant effect on mechanical and thermal properties. The results showed that the addition of 4 wt.% of SRF15-1 containing an ash content of 65.7 wt.% into clay matrix ML led to increase the mechanical strength of the material based on the clay matrix ML of the order of 32%. Then, a kinetic model of thermal sintering based on the dimensional variations of ceramic materials between 650°C and 1000°C was developed from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the clay mixtures (with or without SRF). The main objective is to better understand the mechanism of the thermal sintering involved. The model developed showed a good adequacy with the experimental data. The results showed that the thermal sintering step of these mixtures is carried out by the presence of a liquid phase and that the addition of SRF has accelerated the densification of ceramic materials. This has led to decrease the usual firing temperature of ceramic materials, allowing a significant energy savings. Finally, an environmental assessment was carried out during the firing of clay/SRF mixtures. This study was particularly focused on the contribution of SRF to the energy balance and impact of critical gas emissions such as CO2, CO and HCl. The results showed that CO2 and CO emissions during firing of clay/SRF mixtures increased due to the thermal decomposition of the organic matter of SRF and that less than 50 wt.% of chlorine was converted to HCl (18-31 ppm). The energy balance showed that the addition of SRF into the ML matrix compensates for a significant part of the natural gas usually used as fuel during firing of these ceramic materials. This was reflected by a thermal energy saving and reduction of CO2 emissions from the decarbonatation of the clay matrix
Bertin, Thierry. "Elimination par voie catalytique des oxydes d'azote émis lors du fonctionnement des moteurs "Diesel" et des moteurs "essence mélange pauvre"." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2260.
Full textInkari, Pascal Guy Serge. "Elimination par réduction catalytique des oxydes d'azote émis lors du fonctionnement des moteurs "diesel" et des moteurs "essence mélange pauvre"." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2353.
Full textSiret, Carole. "Dialogue entre les molécules d'adhérence et le récepteur à l'IGF-I lors de la progression des mélanomes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10143/document.
Full textCutaneous malignant melanoma is an aggressive melanocyte malignancy that is characterized by early metastasis, bad prognosis, and poor survival. Altered cell-cell adhesion (cadherins), cell-extracellular matrix (integrins) interaction, and IGF type I receptor (IGF-IR) are playing an important role in melanoma progression. In particular, we observed a "cadherins switch" from E to N, and α2- αv-integrins and IGF-IR over-expression. In this optics, we were interested in the crosstalk between adhesion molecules and IGF-IR. First, we brought to light a crosstalk between N-cadherin and αv-integrin during melanoma migration. Secondly, we demonstrated that the dialogues between the IGF-IR, α2-integrin and cadherins are different according to the nature of the cadherin involved. Such modulation in the crosstalk may have an important impact on the migratory inclination of melanomas