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Academic literature on the topic 'Lois d'échelle (physique)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lois d'échelle (physique)"
LaalaiI, Iyadh. "Effets d'échelle dans les matériaux quasi-fragiles à microstructure aléatoire : approches locale et non locale." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9308.
Full textLe, Van Duong. "Modélisation physique de la suffusion dans les ouvrages hydrauliques en terre." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2120.
Full textSuffusion is an internal erosion mechanism, which means detachment and transport of fine particles within the soil skeleton due to hydraulic seepage flows. Different researchers observed that value of critical hydraulic gradient required to initiate suffusion decreases with length of the specimen tested. A specific centrifuge bench was designed to study the suffusion process and to study this scale effect under a controlled effective stress. Clayey sand specimens were subjected to centrifuge acceleration and to a downward flow under a constant hydraulic head. The study underlines the influence of specimen length on critical hydraulic gradient and also on the rate of erosion. A new energy analysis of tests is developed, linking the erosion rate to the power expended by fluid flow, and the eroded clay mass to the energy dissipation. This method permits the effect of specimen length to be avoided
Souffaché, Élisabeth. "Lois d'échelle et effets mémoires dans les polymères semi-cristallins." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112069.
Full textBrodie, Of Brodie Edward-Benedict. "De l'analyse des séquences d'ADN à la modélisation de la réplication chez les mammifères." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0325.
Full textPicone, Alan. "Effets des fluctuations et invariance d'échelle locale dans les systèmes stochastiques hors-équilibre." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10035.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the general area of ageing in ferromagnetic spin systems. Very remarkably, the physical properties of these materials can be organized in terms of a simple scaling picture and can be classified through some universal reference curves. Precisely, our study consists in rephrasing the problem of ageing in terms of the dynamical symmetries which caracterize this phenomena. On a theoretical point of view, we turn these invariances into a statistical field theory, through a systeamtic treatment of noisy effects, either of thermal type, or due to the preparation of the sample. In the framework of a Langevin stochastic differential equation with z=2, and for a ferromagnet which is Galilee-invariant without noise, we establish the two-point response function to be independent of the thermal fluctuations. Owing these hypothesis, we produce some analytic prediction of the form of the two-point correlation function when the system undergoes a phase-ordering dynamics at zero temperature. We test our results in some concrete situations. On a more descriptive point of view, we study some aspects of the ageing dynamics with quantifying the distance away from equilibrium. For exactly solvable models, we are interested in both the influence of the thermal history of the quench and the initial conditions on the long-time dynamics of the ferromagnet. We enlarge the validity of local-scale invariance to certain of these situations, and thus confirm the strength of this theory
Falize, Émeric. "Similitudes et autosimilarité en physique des hautes densités d’énergie : application à l’astrophysique de laboratoire." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2008. https://hal.science/tel-02095047.
Full textThis thesis deals with the very promising new field of laboratory astrophysics. It aims at strengthening the link between powerful laser experiments and astrophysical situations. Firstly I explained the laboratory astrophysics approach by developing new scaling laws in radiative hydrodynamics using the Lie group theory. For the first time it is strictly proved that radiating plasmas in astrophysics can be reproduced homologously in laboratory by laser plasmas. This study led me to propose a new experimental project – the POLAR project – which aims at a better understanding of the physics of the magnetic cataclysmic variables accreting column. This project is among the first ones trying to create a real model of an astrophysical object. Then I built a group of new self-similar solutions describing the dynamics of polytropic gases and the radiating collapse using the Burgan-Feix-Munier transformation. I explicitly showed that the latter seems to be a unifying method which allows to generate a whole group of self-similar solutions. These solutions allowed me to study the basic physics of the phenomena at stake and to validate the numerical simulation code I developed during the thesis. These solutions also proved to fit the modelling of the laboratory jet experiences carried out with the LULI2000 facility, the aim of which was to reproduce the plasma ejection phenomena encountered around young stars
Desbuquois, Rémi. "Thermal and superfluid properties of the two-dimensional Bose gas." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066068.
Full textLes propriétés physiques d'un système homogène à l'équilibre thermodynamique sont fortement contraintes par sa dimensionnalité. Le gaz de Bose à deux dimensions est un système particulier de ce point de vue : bien que l'établissement d'un ordre à longue portée soit impossible à température non-nulle, il existe néanmoins une transition de phase vers un état superfluide à basse température. De plus, la dimensionnalité réduite du système rend son équation d'état invariante par changement d'échelle pour de faibles interactions atomiques répulsives. Dans ce manuscrit de thèse, nous présentons une étude expérimentale du gaz de Bose à deux dimensions. Nous mesurons son équation d'état de deux méthodes différentes, et trouvons un résultat en bon accord avec les prédictions analytiques et numériques. Ces résultats ont également permis de confirmer l'invariance d'échelle du système. De plus, l'une des méthodes ne nécessite qu'un seul paramètre ajustable pour la mesure de l'équation d'état. Nous présentons ensuite une mesure locale du caractère superfluide du gaz. A cet effet, nous avons mis en évidence l'absence de dissipation lors de la perturbation du système par un obstacle en mouvement. Enfin, nous effectuons une analyse des fluctuations du gaz de Bose 2D, qui a permis de confirmer la suppression des fluctuations de densité dans la phase superfluide, ainsi que le rôle dominant joué par les phonons dans les fluctuations de phase
Sarrazin, Jérôme. "Polymères modèles à ramifications longues : Rhéologie et modèles de viscoélasticité linéaire." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3032.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the study of the linear viscoelastic behaviour of model long chain branched (LCB) polymer melts, either pure or blended with a commercial polymer. The systematic study of LCB polymer melts of different topologies (stars, H-shaped polymers, Pom-Pom's and combs) of different chemical species (polyethylene, polystyrene, polyisoprene) allows to build a quantitative and predictive model of molecular dynamics for the behaviour of pure model LCB polymer melts, based on existing theories (tube model, arm fluctuation theory, concepts of dynamic dilution and hierarchization of relaxation processes). The study of the behaviour of model LCB polyethylenes in a matrix of linear low density polyethylene through the use of various plots proposed in the literature (Van Gurp Palmen plot, Cole-Cole plot, variation of the imaginary part of the complex viscosity vs. The frequency) allowed to determine relavant scaling laws relating the specific topology of LCB species to their behaviour in the blend
Frécon, Jordan. "Méthodes d'optimisation pour l'analyse de processus invariants d'échelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN031/document.
Full textScale invariance relies on the intuition that temporal dynamics are not driven by one (or a few) characteristic scale(s). This property is massively used in the modeling and analysis of univariate data stemming from real-world applications. However, its use in practice encounters two difficulties when dealing with modern applications: scaling properties are not necessarily homogenous in time or space ; the multivariate nature of data leads to the minimization of highly non-linear and non-convex functionals in order to estimate the scaling parameters.The first originality of this work is to investigate the study of non-homogenous scale invariance as a joint problem of detection/segmentation and estimation, and to propose its formulation by the minimization of vectorial functionals constructed around a total variation penalization, in order to estimate both the boundaries delimiting the changes and the scaling properties within each region.The second originality lies in the design of a branch and bound minimization procedure of non-convex functional for the full identification of the bivariate extension of fractional Brownian motion, considered as the reference for modeling univariate scale invariance. Such procedure is applied in practice on Internet traffic data in the context of anomaly detection.Thirdly, we propose some contributions specific to total variation denoising: Poisson data-fidelity model related to a state detection problem in intermittent fluorescence ; automatic selection of the regularization parameter
Bernard, Stéphane. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des réservoirs carbonatés fracturés : application au site expérimental hydrogéologique (SEH) de l'Université de Poitiers." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2315.
Full textThe Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES) in Poitiers is set up over the two main aquifers (fractured limestone) of the Region Poitou-Charentes. The site encloses 35 wells spatially distributed so that nested scales in the range 10 - 600 m for lag-distances between wells are available. Most of the hydrodynamic study proposed in this work rests on the interpretation of interference hydraulic pumping tests. Classical methods of interpretation are devoted to porous media and cannot be applied here because of the convex shape in time of observed draw-down curves. A new model has been built. It is based on a fractal approach to the fractured medium and a logarithmic approximation to the solution of radial flow with cylindrical symmetry. This model handles dimensioned variables which allow its inversion by optimization over each available draw-down curve. The results show that the medium has a fractal behavior very close to that of a 2D percolation network at the percolation threshold, with transmissivity and storage capacity obeying power scaling laws. It is shown that transmissivity values rapidly homogenize even for small lag-distance between the pumped well and the observed-one. On the other hand, the storage capacity keeps decreasing over almost one order of magnitude with the lag-distance. These results from interference tests have been compared to that from a study, at the scale of the well, of porosity and storage capacity deduced from cross-correlation and spectral analysis between hydraulic head and atmospheric pressure. Even though the comparison shows a few discrepancies between results, it point out that flow in fractured rocks and the determination of hydrodynamic parameters are very sensitive to the scale over which measurements are performed
Books on the topic "Lois d'échelle (physique)"
Y, Pachepsky, Radcliffe David Elliott 1948-, and Selim, Hussein Magd Eldin, 1944-, eds. Scaling methods in soil physics. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2003.
Find full textStatistical physics: Statics, dynamics and renormalization. Singapore: World Scientific, 2000.
Find full textéd, Dubrulle B., Graner F. éd, Sornette D. éd, and Centre de physique des Houches., eds. Scale invariance and beyond: Les Houches Workshop, March 10-14, 1997. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997.
Find full textStatistical Physics: Statics, Dynamics and Renormalization. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2000.
Find full text(Editor), B. Dubrulle, F. Graner (Editor), and D. Sornette (Editor), eds. Scale Invariance and Beyond: Les Houches Workshop, March 10-14, 1997 (Centre de Physique les Houches). Springer, 1998.
Find full textDubrulle, B., F. Graner, and D. Sornette. Scale Invariance and Beyond: Les Houches Workshop, March 10-14 1997. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
Find full textFish, Jacob. Practical Multiscaling. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
Find full textFish, Jacob. Practical Multiscaling. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
Find full textFish, Jacob. Practical Multiscaling. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.
Find full textFish, Jacob. Practical Multiscaling. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
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