Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Loi (philosophie) – France – 20e siècle'
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Olivares, Valencia Amanda. "Le dérobement de la loi : littérature et liberté chez Maurice Blanchot." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100003.
Full textThis research argues that the law, which we consider to be the principal element or the most predominant manifestation of the right, is permeated by a literary dimension that composes it. This literary dimension can prevent the law from being reduced to a simple form of language that, as a tool of subjugation, only seeks to control the relationship of consciousness to the world. The literary dimension enables a liberatory dimension to the right. For Blanchot, literature is a form of language that questions its own meaning, a language that experiences the questioning of itself. Thinking of the law as literature opens it to the experience of questioning the meaning that determines the law. This openness to the liberatory dimension of the law allows the law to differentiate itself from itself, to confront its impossibility and to be always open to the irruption of the unknown, the unforeseeable, the absolute other. In this way, the self-questioning that constitutes the literary experience also means opening up the law to an ethical dimension that places it in relation to that other with whom it has nothing in common: the stranger, the sick person, the mad person. Thinking of the law as literature also makes it possible to think of community experience not in terms of identity, but in terms of difference, by preserving the absence for the arriving of an unknown other, a stranger from outside. Thinking of the law as literature opens the law to a liberating dimension and to crucial ethical questioning about its own meaning and justification
Rambeau, Frédéric. "Paradoxe, problème, désidentification : recherches sur la philosophie française contemporaine." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083592.
Full textThe difficulty there is in distinguishing the common ground or unity of contemporary French philosophies (Deleuze, Foucault, Derrida) comes from the fact that these philosophies work out through some disjunctive force in thinking. But the power of the disjunctive is also the feature that they share and which produces between them slanted irregular relationships. Paradox produces sense as difference. And on that difference depend both common sense and the specification of the normal rules of communication. The creation of a problem reveals the discontinuous nature of rationalizing processes. Its emphasis shows not a removed foundation but a repeated demonstration of chance. Disidentification in literary or conceptual writing as well as in unconscious desire grows a subject into impersonal forms of Becoming, by force unrelated and broken down. Within the paradox, within the problem, within disidentification, nothing stands before disjunction and the claim of unrelatedness, neither originary question, nor beginning ; and no one knows in advance, for any individual or philosophy, how many lives they are owed. These operations lead to greater stress laid on Deleuze and Foucault rather than Derrida; they are bound to confront this risk: the very difference of philosophy becoming disidentified. Foucault’s questionings of history open up two paths that remain exclusive: angry lucid present-time emancipation, ethical care of the self. Deleuze’s concept is produced by an acceleration of the desiring process triggered inside the thinking by some singular exterior case. But, cut from the case, the infinite speed of the concept gives it but self-referring consistency. The particular drive of these philosophies comes from having themselves laid out those problem features, leaving us to experience them as promontories of thinking
Tawil, Emmanuel. "Du gallicanisme administratif à la liberté religieuse : le Conseil d'État et le régime des cultes depuis la loi de 1905." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHEA001.
Full textAudier, Serge. "Machiavel, Tocqueville, Marx, dans la pensée politique française depuis l'Entre-deux-guerres." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1302.
Full textFournès, Dattin Christine. "Du Code de commerce de 1807 à la loi de 1966 : la lente émergence du commissariat aux comptes." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3c2d0c19-8d8b-49a2-bb91-e093062b28fd.
Full textHow has legal auditing developed in France from the control of accounts practiced in limited companies during the XIXth century to the 1966 Act which set the current legal framework of auditing in France ? To demonstrate that this simple function turns into a real profession, three key words have been studied : 1) The practice through the articles of association of limited companies during the XIXth century, the Company Acts, the reading of professional and economic press, the examples of two major French industrial firms : Pont-à-Mousson and Saint-Gobain. 2) The professional organisations. From the setting up of the Société Académique de Comptabilité in 1881 to the one of the Compagnie des Experts Comptables de Paris in 1912, from the establishment of the Fédération des associations de commissaires inscrits further to the Act of 1935 to the setting up of the OECCA in 1942, this thesis focuses on the struggles leaded by professionals in order to be recognized. 3) The education. We have analyzed the evolution of accounting education: the setting up of the first business schools, the development of a complete system of accounting education implemented by the SAC, the progress of State accounting certificates concerning experts in accounting and legal auditors. Different sides according to the economic, social and cultural context have been highlighted in order to explain the slowness of the process of emergence and the choices made for the implementation of legal auditing in France
Boulbès, Yves. "L' assistance Publique de la loi Roussel à la Libération : fondements de l'aide sociale à l'enfance : l'exemple du département de l'Aude." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30069.
Full textThe Department of the Aude is a good place to analyse the action of welfare services from 1874 to 1945. Although local authorities are asked urgently to organize a welfare service, the creation of a public service isn't an obstacle to the maintainance of the private sector. However, public financing varies from one department to another, according to political choices. The Inspector of social services is considered to be an expert, assessing the needs, advising administrative committees and the County Council, but also managing his own career. The help given to mother and child shows 'positive discrimination'. With the foster mother, medical cares, school attendance, clothing and the application of the labour law distinguishes the foster child from the poor child. Fostering also shows the existence of a true relationship between the foster child and the foster mother, but fostering was often simplistically percieved as a job to earn money rather than to improve the life of the children
Fiegle, Thomas. "Von der 'Solidarité' zur 'Solidarität' : der Transfer eines politisch-sozialen Grundbegriffs von Frankreich nach Deutschland (19. und 20. Jahrhundert)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA119.
Full textThe word ‘Solidarität’ is part, in German, of the traditional key words in politics and society. But in spite – or just because – of its inflationist use in political and social discourse, the concept’s meaning is very ambiguous. In order to clarify the concept, it is necessary to reconstruct it from both a historical and a critical point of view. Such a reconstruction is impossible, however, if the genesis of the concept ‘solidarité’ in France, as well as the conditions and prerequisites of what we call the concept’s ‘transfer process’ from France to Germany isn’t taken into account. The present work combines therefore the method of the ‘history of concept’ (Begriffsgeschichte), as it has been developed especially by R. Koselleck, with the theory of ‘cultural transfer’ (M. Werner/M. Espagne). That allows to find a horizon of philosophical sense which the two at the same time distinct and interrelated ‘histories of concept’ have in common
Pudal, Romain. "Les réceptions du pragmatisme en France (1890-2007) : histoires et enjeux." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0062.
Full textThis thesis tackles the subject of the reception of pragmatism in France, from 1890 to 2007. This american philosophy has been used and appropriated in many ways by french academics, in philosophy just as well as in social sciences. We thought it possible to conceive this reception from a socio-historical and not theoretical point of view. The frame of our interpretation has been inspired by the sociology of intellectuals and we tried to highlight precisely different phenomena relating to international circulation of ideas : first, as Bourdieu says, «texts circulate without their context», so that it is the context of reception that determines the readings and uses of the texts ; secondly, the political dimension of the intellectual field in France since the « Affaire Dreyfus » at last overdetermines the reception of foreign theories ; thirdly, intellectual nationalisms and logic of disciplines must be taken into account. Finally, the idea of a cultural and national subconscious seems to be useful to understand this story. Our work is at the junction of different disciplines : sociology of sciences, sociology of intellectuals and history and sociolgy of social sciences
Villagordo, Éric. "Vers une sociologie de la pratique artistique : observations et entretiens sur la poi͏̈étique : huit plasticiens en Méditerranée." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010685.
Full textCorbel, Emmanuelle. "Vladimir Jankélévitch et le mystère de l'interprétation dans la musique française de la fin du XIXème siècle et du début du XXème siècle." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN21002.
Full textVladimir Jankelevitch, philosopher-pianist, intermingles his musical life in his philosophical reflections. His musical culture, listed here, proves his constant interest in the French music from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. His pianist experience in which the reality of musical performance is one, alive and changing is closely akin to his research of a " je-ne-sais-quoi ", a " presque-rien " or to that of the infinite, inaccessibility, the absolute. This thinker provides the reader a thinking about musical interpretation beyond mastered technical speculation. It's therefore necessary to think about the argumentation of this aesthetic around the mystery of interpretation which he attempts to define. It's also a question of clarifying this concept set in the musical language, in creation and in composition, and then in the mystery of performer' reading as well as in audiences' and critics' reception
Semmer, Laure-Caroline. "Cézanne au XXe siècle : une réception critique de Paul Cézanne." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010650.
Full textHaberbüsch, Sophie. "Le métier d'anthropologue : carrières, itinéraires de professionnalisation, prosopographie à partir de l'étude critique des "Dictionnaires" biographiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0020.
Full textCrispi, Valentina. "La catégorie de la différence et l’interculturalité : un nouveau paradigme pour l'éducation." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1691.
Full textThis research work concerns the problem of multiculturality and interculturality in education within the European context. It mobilizes a pluri-disciplinary approach of the category of difference and proposes a new paradigm for education. It studies three contexts and three different school systems: Italy, France and Switzerland. We analyze: - the pedagogic choices and the educational actions used to answer new education need stimulated by the presence of foreign students in the school; - by trying to take into account the historical and political context of each country and of their models of integration; - in order to try to answer the following question: how to reconsider the "category of difference" as a possibility for the construction of a new pedagogic paradigm? The presented analysis leads us to the national reference documents on intercultural education and it profits form the analysis of discussions with teachers and institutional professionals engaged in implementing dispositions of application. The goal consists of characterizing and comparing the dispositions and the principles induced by the policies put into action within each country
Madurell, François. "L'ensemble Ars nova : une contribution au pluralisme esthétique dans la musique du XXe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040250.
Full textPerret, Marie-Antoinette. "Les instituts séculiers féminins en France XIXème-XXème siècles." Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE5007.
Full textCoulibaly, Amara. "Le personnage dans l'oeuvre romanesque d'Albert Camus : personnage affranchi ou personnage à thèse ?" Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF20006.
Full textMadarasz, Norman. "Le motif du tissu : études à partir de la philosophie française contemporaine d'une figure philosophique descriptive aux confins des théories du nom, de la proposition et du texte." Paris 8, 1999. https://octaviana.fr/document/181462281#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textMalli, Nisrine. "La parole politique des femmes dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle (France - Moyen- Orient) : une étude comparative de deux corpus arabe et français." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083306.
Full textThis thesis provides a reflection on the paradoxical articulation between the “political speech” which is at the public level and the “literature expression” which is at the singular level. The dissertation relies on making a comparative study considering the French female writers from one side and those of Middle-East from the other side. Therefore, we have underlined fundamental questions concerning the status and identity of the women. We have specially focuses on its challenging relation with the world of expression, creation, and innovation; more generally, with the public domain. During the critical periods of the modern history, the publications of Arab and French women, especially in the domain of wars and political conflicts, have highlighted their potentials and motivate the redefinition of their role in the oriental and occidental socio-political world. Basically, the women introduce effectively in both the political and poetical worlds modern concepts and values through the usage of linguistically tools of challenge and revolution. This implicitly seeks to liberate her from the assigned minor position in the society through the power of expression and the strength of word. Then, this leads to figure out a world under a harmonious and even mystic relation among its human beings where the differences are absorbed by the syncretism of expressions and values. Such Cultural Revolution, based on the dialog of civilizations, provides a better world liberated from the frontiers of the “difference”
Buffet-Catalogne, Jacqueline. "Familles, valeurs et transmission : enquête qualitative sur les valeurs de trois générations dans les classes moyennes françaises, à la fin du XXe siècle." Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE5022.
Full textThe question which arose at the beginning of the research was as follows : do young people today have values and bearings in life? To begin with, a survey was conducted of 600 young people who fell into two categories : those who had gone to catechism and those who had not. Basic values such as family, love, friendship, loyalty, solidarity, and respect for others remained prevalent, parents being the principle actors in handing down these values. School exposes adolescents to culture but also to others, thus encouraging tolerance. It is a successful vehicle of secular values. Faith obtains a limited score, even amongst those with a religious upbringing. The initial results did not permit an analysis of future developments liable to occur in the process of handing down values from one generation to the next. Nor was it possible to determine the exact meaning attributed to each given term. A qualitative survey made of twenty middle-class families, some stretching over three generations, enabled to examine a true line of value transmission. The above study would tend to confirm a movement towards a certain form of individualisation, together with a refusal to adhere too strictly to most institutions. Further, it reveals a tendency to create personal belief systems. The belief issue can be seen as central, as revealed in the emphasis put on it by those surveyed, no matter the generation. However, faith has relatively little influence on the other values. What appears here is "free-choice" religion. The analysis shows that value transmission remains present, although no longer imposed but accepted through discussion. Values no longer come from outside restraints. They are taken on personally from demands made by the conscience and freely consented to, hereby appealing largely to moral standards based on conviction and responsability
Collinet, Cécile. "Les grands courants de l'éducation physique en France : analyse et comparaison de six courants au XXième siècle." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H019.
Full textConceptions on physical education can be considered as a kaleidoscope of different ways of viewing and conceiving our teaching. We are interested in what we call the different "trends" in the 20th century. Our approach is multiple. First it is historical in so far as one of its objectives is to take into account the changes occured in the conceptions of physical education in the course of time and to locate these conceptions in relation with particular characteristics of a given period. Secondly our approach is sociological : we study this subject as a social system with own mode of functioning and producing knowledge, its actors, interactions, conflicts and struggles. Finally, it is epistemological, since we intend to analyse the production of knowledge in the special sphere of physical education. Six trends are thus being studied: ratinal gymnastics by G. Demeny, la ligue d'education physique de P. Tissie, G. Hebert's natural method, educational sport by the sportive and gymnic federation of work, Jean le Boulch's psychocinetics and the trend of motor action by P. Parlebas. The main question is to make out the positive points about each of these trends. An analysis of contents of a carefully chosen corpus leads to defining three study indicators : a thematic indicator (considering the main themes), a semantic indicator (listing the recurring words used by each author), a referential indicator (collecting a groupe of quotations). Owing to these indicators the main tendencies of each trend are determined and then placed again in a historical and sociological context in order to analyse the logics of the production of knowledge. Finally, the different trends are compared to each other thanks to operational comparison creteria. The comparison results in underscoring the faults and dead-ends of each conception, for P. E. Both as a school discipline as well as a university subject (the sciences and techniques of physical and sportive activities). The trend of motor action is the only one escaping it, while opening a nex way to a true epistemology producing new specific knowledge
Schottmann, Franziska. "Visages du langage : Michel Foucault face à la littérature (1961-1969)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070067.
Full textThere is a "being of language. " Based on this simple affirmation, Michel Foucault's writings on literature unfold a large and ramified network evolving by the subtle play of difference and repetition. By discussing Foucault's essays and articles dealing with literature, the question arises of how language contributes to the construction of thinking. How can a gesture of writing create a way of thinking and which are the specific forms and concepts of this thinking? Or, to speak with Foucault, what means "thinking and talking"? In our discussion of Foucault's notion of a "being of language", it becomes apparent that language has a strictly fictional dimension that subverts any reflexive and self-conscious speech. When the syntax of sentences prefigures the architecture of a thought, the gap opened up by the conjunction "and" in "thinking and talking" reveals the purely literai and material dimension of language. Foucault's notion of "being of language" that is neither a concept nor a pure phrase is not the basis for a stable ontology linked to a ontological founded poetic but the ironic reversal of any attempt of poetologicai formalization. Thus, the goal of this study is the patient deployment of the textual echoes and the maze of motifs that, far from asserting Foucault's books as defined units, dissolves them while creating new and very different links between them
Gualandi, Alberto. ""Rupture épistémologique" et crise du savoir : le lieu de la vérité scientifique dans la philosophie française contemporaine." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081288.
Full textThis study addresses classical problems of the french epistemology by analyzing the philosophy of authors such as emile meyerson, leon brunschvicg, gaston bachelard, michel serres, gilles deleuze, jean-francois lyotard, and michel foucault. The theoretical analysis examines the problems characterizing the scientific modernity, but also takes into consideration the anthropological, political and ontological implications of the epistemological problems. Having analyzed bachelard's criticism of the statical and timeless conception of transcendental reason, we consider the crisis in contemporary french philosophy that has been caused by bachelard's "meta-theoretical break". Serres and deleuze try to overcome this crisis by recovering pre- and post-kantian ontologies and natural philosophies. However, deleuze's "logics of the event of thinking" as well as foucault's and lyotard's "logics of the linguistical event", produces theoretical antinomies concerning the conceptions of history and truth. In our opinion, to overcome these antinomies, the theoretical conditions that have prepared bachelard's epistemological break must be clarified by an analysis of the anthropological principles underlying meyerson's "negative ontology" and brunschvicg's logics of judgement. It will be these very logics of judgement that will allow us to define "a new transcendental space" for the "scientific" event of truth
Terzi, Pietro. "Images de Kant et formes du criticisme dans la philosophie française contemporaine : 1854-1986." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100002.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to provide the first systematic account of the reception of Kant’s thought in contemporary French philosophy. The inquiry covers a period spanning from the 1850s, when the three Critiques are translated into French and criticism begins to spread with-in the university, until the 1980s, which are the background of the last great debates on the Kantian legacy. However, this work is not content with producing a chronological doxography of the main interpretations of Kant. On the contrary, by combining historical contextualization and theoretical scrutiny, it seeks to understand them in light of the philosophical, disciplinary, scientific and political stakes that affected the evolution of French thought. Special attention is therefore paid to the intellectual contexts that serve as a background to this reception, in order to better understand the role played by Kant in shaping the national philosophical tradition, especially with regard to the relations with Germany and, in France, between philosophy and the sciences. The research, which belongs to the field of the history of philosophy, borrows tools from the history of ideas and intellectual history, without neglecting the specificity and the autonomy of the philosophical debates. The main objective is to fill an important historiographical gap, while also reflecting on the continuities and discontinuities marking the history of contemporary French thought and on the genesis of national philosophical traditions in a European context
Borella, Vincent. "L'introduction de la relativité en France : 1905-1922." Nancy 2, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc549/1998NAN21024.pdf.
Full textThe subject of the present thesis is to determine the rythms and the different modes of the diffusion of restrictive relativity took in France from 1905 to 1922. The first part deals with the context in which this very diffusion took place, particularly insisting on the reformation of science education at the beginning of the century and the impact of the first world war, the second part describes the rythms of the diffusion and points out its different steps : from 1905 to 1910 the subject was kept silent ; a first diffusion can nevertheless be noticed by means of two distinctive paths from 1910 to 1914. A first one, through the consequences of the new theorie on space and time ; a second one through its consequences on ether concept. Its diffusion however was stopped by the war, the developments of general relativity mixed up the message of restrictive relativity. The third part is an analysis of how the theory was introduced to nonspecialists and how the latter understood it. Starting from its diffusion to its receipt, the third part particularly emphasizes the remaining misunderstanding as to the way this theory had been exposed ; it also points out the part Poincaré played when dealing with the crisis in the field of mathematics physics in the early 1900's and the way the solution brought by Einstein was understood. The issue of this research unveils two major facts : first, Poincaré has been a passive hindrance to the diffusion of relativity in France ; second, this first diffusion of the theory doesn't really enable us to draw a new image of the world that could be accessible to mankind
Marin, Claire. "L'"activité obscure" dans la philosophie de Félix Ravaisson." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040134.
Full textSpiralling down the path of habit, reflection encounters an "obscure activity" whose polysemy calls for hermeneutic exploration. This expression used by Ravaisson in L'habitude can be analysed on different levels. It can be understood as a reference to "the involuntary", a power at work in the silence and darkness of the body. The phenomenological dimension of Ravaisson's thought is revealed in the study of that specific form of activity in which habit takes over from the will. Ravaisson's care for a "subterranean life" is echoed in Paul Ricoeur's Le volontaire et l'involontaire. But the obscure activity also requires the cogito to be redefined, since it can also be interpreted as the underlying activity of consciousness, which predates that of clear and distinct intelligence. In the involuntary and in the subconscious, the immediateness of the action mirrors that of perfect activity. But it could also reflect the very activity of being. The obscure activity would then be paradigmatic insofar as it imitates and brings to light a tireless ontogical activity. It therefore allows a new questioning on the "ontological majoration of habit", in D. Janicaud's words, as well as brief incursions into the works of twentieth-century French philosophers, in which Ravaisson's thought has left a mark
Ladki, Wassim. "L'espace du discours littéraire dans les essais philosophiques de l'écrivain Michel Serres." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21019.
Full textMy intention in my thesis has been to explore the domain of literary discourse which shapes the philosophical themes of the latest essays by Michel Serres. I first attempted to correlate the dominant stylistic features of the essays with the writer's thinking, coming to the conclusion that Michel Serres associates the expressive resources of language with his philosophical ideals in order to be able to convince. I therefore analyzed specific forms of repetition and the role of etymology as well as the use of nominalization. I then went on, in my second part, to assess the function of interrogative forms in the essays and the genesis of a hypothetical learner-type whom Michel Serres calls the "tiers-instruit". I then observed that the author has recourse to other means than those of discursive language with a tendency to exploit imagery to express his thinking or to insert various legends, anecdotes or prophecies into his writings. His story-telling serves the interests of his reasoning in order to resolve the logical contradictions inherent to any philosophical discourse. In my third part, I demonstrated that even trivial events may be at the service of philosophical themes: Michel Serres casts off the immediate reality making his philosophy one which is factual and enhanced by analogical reasoning. Finally, I revealed the basis of the moral values specific to the author. Shaken by the carnage wrought by modern war, he has never ceased to exalt peace and imagine the ways by which it could be established at every level of social existence. I underlined the way in which he surreptitiously tends to objectify and secularize his Christian convictions. The biblical echo erupting in the text reflects his basic altruism and coincides with his moral aspirations
Schovanec, Josef. "Philosophie et théologie de Heidegger en France : origines et permanence d'une seconde tradition intellectuelle." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0054.
Full textHeidegger became a truly French master thinker. His ascendancy reached virtually all fields of humanities and social sciences. My thesis aims before all else at explaining his huge success and the depth of his influence through some peculiarities of the French political and cultural environment after the Second World War, which I describe in the first part of my essay. Then, I describe how and why Heidegger’s thought requires a given kind of social structure, just as many early philosophies and religions. Next, I analyze the central role of Being in Heidegger’s thought, the core which creates and destroys, and in the light of whom everything shall be comprehended. I give some examples of his new reading of main concepts such as history, law and human being. Heidegger can eventually be considered as a contemporary philosopher within an immemorial and primordial framework: his understanding of time and space, soil, language and his methods of exegesis belong to a chronologically as well as geographically remote, archaic world
Fitoussi, Raymond. "La pensée du retour dans l'école de Paris de pensée juive, de la libération jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070080.
Full textAfter liberation from the Nazi occupation, the French Jewish thinkers attempted to deal'with the perplexity pertaining to the overwhelming dimensions of the Shoah - while basing themselves on the two sources which had inspired their intellectual horizon, Western thought and Hebraic wisdom. As opposed to the "Science of Judaism" on one side and to an obscurantist approach on the other side, this school of thought was characterized at the same time by authenticity and openness and was based on the primacy of the ethic and of the relation to others. The "thought of return", product of this school, had repercussions both in Jewish as well as European thought. In contemporary Jewish French thinking, this concept still maintains its centrality from the epistemological perspective. Firstly this research will examine wether indeed this represents a legitimate "school of thought" despite the different approaches to the thought of return. The focus will be on the first generation, the second generation and both generations combined. My goal is to focus on the ethical, philosophical and intellectual dimensions of this question which represents the very basis of the universal dimension of Judaism - namely the liberty and dignity of the individual human being. From the school of Paris of Jewish thought's point of view, this research must lead to a true civilizational ethic within a qualitative participation in the French and in European intellectual, cultural and spiritual debates of our time
Albou, Philippe. "L'introduction de l'art occidental dans la peinture chinoise autour des années 1920." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/ressources/pdf/histmed-asclepiades-pdf-albou2.pdf.
Full textTwo millenniums chinese fine arts had, with four painters -- Yan Wenliang, Xu Beihong, Liu Haisu and Lin Fengmian - opened to Europe in order to learn a virtue of an art unknown there, realism. Chinese art was not inclined to represent an object scientifically as it existed, a military map or a canon. It was subjective, symbolical and intuitive. Western painting was still, despite the developments of the avant-garde movement, the product of a direct objective observation combined with empirical knowledge. Through the lives, the works and the teachings of the painters studied, the confrontations of two esthetic worlds may now enable to analyze an attempt of a acculturation - Western Chinese paintings in the 1920's - which from a western point of view, would be analyze as a turning point
Vissio, Gabriele. "Lo stile della giustizia : Canguilhem filosofo dei “problemi umani concreti”." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H230.
Full textThis PhD Thesis in Philosophy deals with the thought of Georges Canguilhem as a whole. Canguilhem is a distinguished figure of the 20th century French philosophy and today his works are attracting the interest of a number of studies focused both on the historiographical and the theoretical level. This doctoral work is structured in three main parts. The first part provides a general presentation of the core idea which is the basis of the unity of the Canguilhem’s philosophical program. The second part aims to analyse this philosophy by identifying four couples of concepts and "key-words" permitting a general presentation of the main lines of research of Canguilhem’s work: 1. Facts and Values; 2. History and Concept; 3. Knowledge and Life; 4. Technique and Society. This analysis tends to the conclusion that a certain idea of justice forms the basis of the philosophical program of Canguilhem. The third and last part of the PhD Thesis examines this concept of justice finding in the conceptual couple given by "necessity" and "résistance" both a key to interpreting the notion of "justice" and a way to read the unity of Canguilhem’s philosophy
Caradec, Nathalie. "La notion de territoire dans la poésie bretonne de langue française contemporaine." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20068.
Full textContemporary Breton poetry, in the French language, gives much importance to the notion of territory, understood as meaning the geographical areas, landscapes or even certain places, all within the region of Brittany. The Breton identity is defined by several characteristics, one of which is the strong tie to the Brittany region or territory. With poets published since the Second World War, this theme is explicitly present, with the toponym precisely, or implicitly, locating the setting evoked. In our study of the notion of territory in contemporary Breton poetry, in the French language, we have chosen a thematic reading, to precisely define the different ways of evoking the region. This notion is examined in three main lines : land, water, a lost or re-found territory. Certain poets evoke the territory as linked to the land and more precisely to the forest or the Mounts of Arrée ; others emphasize the territory as linked to water in a varied spectrum of marshes, islands or rivers. Finally, the territory can be perceived within the framework
Rubuguzo, Mpongo Roger. "Penser l'Afrique et son avenir avec Marc Sangnier et Emmanuel Mounier : la voie du personnalisme communautaire." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20068.
Full textThis study is an attempt at an ethical analysis of intercultural encounters, from the “African texts” by Marc Sangnier (1873-1950) and Emmanuel Mounier (1905-1950). These two - Christian - thinkers were great witnesses of twentieth-century history: social, political, economical, literary, philosophical and theological history, as well as their international corollaries. Special interest will be given to the visions of Africa that these two authors had in their time: their questionings shed a new, thought-provoking light on European - African relationships. How can this history of encounters, hidden in archives, help us evaluate constantly the ones which are in our hands and which we may head one way or another? How can the views of these “revolutionary” pilgrims help the African theologian think the evangelization of the African peoples within the “Church - family of God” in a relevant manner? More precisely, isn’t the path of community personalism practical teaching for Africa where ethnic conformism – far from combining differences and opening dialogue – brings subjects to a standstill? Thinking Africa and its future with Marc Sangnier and Emmanuel Mounier reveals what others bring us in terms of humanity when we dare encounter and offer a “word”. An African reader will find both of them convincing, as they were Christian intellectuals and had a “knowledge” of Africa: as such, they also carry a message and luck. Taking it with “generosity” would be a genuine chance for Africa and today’s world
Mbouopda, David. "Regards d'écrivains français sur l'Afrique noire dans la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle : du néocolonialisme à la coopération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20012.
Full textAt the edge of the XXIst century, the importance of "imagologie" in comparative literature cannot be ever emphasized. In fact the contact between France and Black Africa has been adversative, consecrating the dualistic Black/White as two singular and insurmountable entities. The representation of French writers on Black Africa try to make an appraisal of the last development of this situation on historical, social, cultural, political and economic plan. This brings out, in the second half of the XXth century, two cruel angles : the French look on Africa and that of Africa on the western world. It was based on conciliating, through a comparative study and an alterity block, the reflexion on motion such as : the north/south dialogue, neo-colonialism, sustainable development Franco-African cooperation; and the constitution of a positive knowledge on unpublished narrative space characterising the reception of black Africa in the imagination of the French. But it is a constellation of (various) diverse and current questions asked in varied forms detective, adventure learning, ethnology. And numerous themes, the mugger's wife, the African intelligentsia, the evolution of language and collective blindness
Okitadjonga, Anyikoy Wa Anyikoy Gaspard. "Les enjeux de la différance chez J. Derrida: prolégomènes à une praxis de la responsabilité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211296.
Full textLa première consiste à se demander si la déconstruction derridienne de la métaphysique traditionnelle ne joue pas, au su ou à l’insu de Derrida, un double rôle :d’une part, délimiter les prétentions de ladite métaphysique à révéler et/ou à livrer la présence pleine du sens ou de la vérité et, d’autre part, constituer le fondement de la logique de la différance. Celle-ci, posée comme ‘’principe des principes’’ de la pensée de Derrida, jouerait un rôle unificateur de son œuvre, en dépit de l’argument commun aux disciples de l’impossibilité de fixer son travail en aucune forme d’unité. Derrida n’est-il pas, soutient-on, le penseur de la fragmentation, à l’opposé de Heidegger qui, lui serait le philosophe du rassemblement ?
Contrairement à cette thèse, nous posons la différance comme tissu de l’unité de fond sans fond de l’œuvre de Derrida ou, plus précisément, comme clef interprétative obligée permettant d’aborder son travail sous la forme d’une unité en différance et fragmentée. La différance commanderait ainsi l’ensemble de l’œuvre de Derrida comme une sorte de logique non-logique à l’œuvre, partout et toujours déjà, active dans chaque champ de son déploiement. Au lieu de constituer un auxiliaire à la déconstruction, la différance en commanderait la genèse et l’économie.
Notre seconde hypothèse repose sur l’idée que la différance, érigée en logique non logique, déborderait le contexte et le champ de recherche que lui assignerait son auteur. De sorte qu’il deviendrait possible de la mettre en dialogue avec la révolution linguistico-pragmatique pour, d’une part décloisonner le terrain de la théorie du performatif et des speech acts et, d’autre part, envisager une transgression de ladite révolution par des thématiques dont elle revendiquerait l’exclusivité en montrant qu’elle reste incapable d’en rendre rigoureusement compte. L’incapacité de la révolution linguistico-pragmatique à rendre compte, par exemple, de la pratique de l’événement sous forme de la promesse à la fois possible et impossible, du don de rien, du pardon sans demande ni repentir, de l’hospitalité inconditionnelle offerte et donnée à/par l’étranger en tant qu’arrivant en général, de la décision impossible, en un mot de la responsabilité incalculable sous le régime de l’aporie, témoignerait de sa restance dans l’orbite du logocentrisme ou, simplement, de la logique identitaire de tout ou rien. Il appert ainsi que la volonté affichée par ce tournant de dépasser la métaphysique traditionnelle tourne à l’échec, à telle enseigne que seule la prise en compte de la logique non oppositionnelle de la différance présenterait une alternative nouvelle. Cette dernière serait de nature non seulement à déconstruire la métaphysique de la présence et à délimiter les prétentions du Linguistic-turn mais aussi à tracer la voie vers une praxis de la responsabilité non réductrice, encore moins répressive de l’incommensurable altérité de l’autre, voire de son autre, en général.
La question reste ouverte de savoir si Derrida peut être considéré comme un ‘’métaphysicien’’ à la recherche du dépassement de la métaphysique et de tout ce qui pourrait s’y rattacher ou un philosophe de l’action tendant à subvertir la morale, au moyen de la différance, en vue d’une nouvelle praxis.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Porset, Charles. "Recherches sur le dix-huitième siècle, les lumières et la franc-maçonnerie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20040.
Full textTaking as its point of departure the galilean revolution, this research investigates its effects in the 18th century. The breakdown of the antique and medieval cosmos led to the reorganisation of the relation between god, the world and men. The deism aseexposed by voltaire is the middle-way between orthodoxy and atheism taken by the "lumieres". Likewise, by declaring men to be the sole object and purpose of men, the freemasonry, then establishing itself, acknowledged that secularisation of the sacred which was to animate philosophical debate throughout the century ; in a different field, general grammar, by claming words to be the signs of thought, was creating the conditions for the development of a science of language. By postulating the rationality of the real, the galilean breakthrough led to a revolution in the ways of seeing ; if appearance was no longereessence and god no longer - the foundation of all knowledge -, the experience alone could be at the basis of science. In this way the "lumieres" delimited the space of a new phenomenology, substituting the science of man as man for the science of beeing as a beeing of tradition
Aucouturier, Étienne. "La guerre biologique : perspective historique et critique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010565.
Full textNzondo, Léonard. "La poétique romanesque de Michel Rio : essai sur l'oeuvre romanesque de Michel Rio." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20014.
Full textFar to the fashions and the main trends, the Michel Rio's romanesque work takes place among literature and philosophy, art and science. This doctoral thesis gives the means to achieve an open reading of this work, careful to its theorical stokes and its topics (art, eroticism, dandysm, melancholy, death). Overstepping the field of literature, working about interdisciplinary approaches, Michel Rio's romance rexamine a founding dream of literature. Michel Rio's work also reconsider the arthurian legend through the rewriting of Merlin, Morgan and Arthur's Myth. This appropriation bring forward Arthur's legend in the history. It transposes the legend in the Brittany of the IVth and the Vth century and not the XII one, as usual in literary tradition. This free analysis givens an new poetic dimension to the legend
Maglione, Erminio. "Albert Camus et la réception de Nietzsche en France de 1877 à 1960." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2020.
Full textThe present work aims to investigate the reception of Nietzsche in France from 1877 to 1960 starting from the first translation of the german philosopher until the death of one of his most original interpreters, Albert Camus (1913-1960). The considered period is the one that prepares the advent of the "Nietzsche Renaissance" of the 1960s and that will contribute to focus attention on the anti-dialectic Nietzsche. Concerning the methodological level, the analysis will be based on the approaches of the history of ideas, of the philosophy of culture and of the history of philosophy, focusing on what appeared to be the dominating guidelines of french interpretation of Nietzsche. The structure of the subject is outlined in three main historical and cultural sections. The first one investigates Nietzsche's relations with french modernity (Descartes, Pascal, Montaigne) in order to show the great influence that the latter had on the first and how this proximity was the basis of his fruitful reception. The second section traces the main stages of Nietzsche's reception from 1877 to 1960. The third one focuses on the reading of Camus and its elements of originality. Two appendices close the work: an italian translation of a juvenile text by Camus, the Essai sur la musique (testimony of his early Nietzschean readings), and a chronological list of the german thinker's translations from 1877 to 1960
De, Jesus Samuel. "Non-lieux. Hors-temps. Pour une iconographie contemporaine et photographique de la saudade." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030077.
Full textWhich relations can the saudade, major expression of the Portuguese literature of the XVIth century, maintain a priori with contemporary photography? If saudade, phenomenon described by the poet Almeida Garett as a « delicious pain of the heart », born of the puncture of « a cruel spine », wakes up the remembrance related to a beloved being or place – whose absence, lack or loss cause us as much sadness as joy –, remains not easily translatable, and often continues to be comparable with the melancholy. However saudade also appears as a singular thought operating a temporal and spatial synthesis coming from man’s experience of the world, a « virtual » collage governed like a true layout of images. How can this feeling consequently find in photography a place of representation? Which symptoms, which “marks” thus come to reveal us its possible forms of application? Which paradoxes can also emerge, as soon as we try to withdraw them since their dormancy, or to reveal présent by their own absence, all that was, one day, but which is not anymore, or perhaps, the peculiar hope of what has not occurred yet? It is with these main questions that this thesis will try to answer, by exploring a corpus made up mainly among a choice of French and Brazilian contemporary photographs, but does not omit nevertheless other visual sources, such as paintings, engravings, films, performances, or often ephemeral installations. It is also trying to understand how this concept finally comes to compose a photographic iconography of an image-saudade which reveals itself as rich as complex and paradoxal
Lavergne, Pascal de. "Approche(s) de l'imaginaire dans l'oeuvre photographique de J. H. Lartigue : du reflet à la part de l'ombre." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20059.
Full textLartigue's signature invites one to reconsider his photographic work from the stand point of the imaginary. Lartigue has left us with an unfinished piece of work which is both extremely complex and monumental and which cannot but catch one's eye and leave one faced with the question of the imaginary. Lartigue dreamed his life through photography: he invented a method which was trail-brazing : it mirrors a childhood game, a secret, a mystery. How does a body express itself in images when taken for a "photograph to be" ? ln this study, reading of his personal diary is of precious importance when trying to comprehend his albums. Photography becomes an act of faith, of belief, of knowledge mingling body and image in time, and giving life to a Story. The imaginary emerges via an "Image-Memory" created by the photograph, with father and mother' s images in the background. The photographic movement is a symbol of the search of times past and of a renewed childhool to brought to life via the magic of photography. Our study is an analysis which brushes through the Esthetic as well as the Plastic Arts, with the ain of going back to the origins of Lartigue' s method of work and to confront it to philosophy, literature and to the cinema. The idea of mounting will enable one to relive the " body-image" experience, to break down time, bring it to a stand still and to enlighten our understanding of the process of metamorphosis. Our project is aimed at studying the marks of this new, powerful and. Melancolic cinematographic work, which cannot be put into any category, and to try and find what internal mechanisms bring in perpetual movement of shapes between shapes
Wan, Yue. "L'image de la Chine dans la sinologie française du XIXe au XXIe siècles." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0005.
Full text“I am well aware how very far the Chinese as a nation and as individuals are at present from the realisation of the high ideal of their civilisation. But at the same time I think it right to say here that even now, looking upon the present demoralised state of things in China, the Chinese civilisation, if one would take the trouble to interpret and look into the inside of facts, cannot be considered a failure. If you judge a civilisation by the extent to which men of means living under that civilisation can enjoy themselves, the Chinese civilisation in certainly a failure. But if you judge a civilisation by the standard of strength and effectiveness of the sense of moral obligation in the nation living under that civilisation, then I think I can show that the Chinese civilisation even now is not a failure, but, on the contrary, a wonderful success.”
Fargeaud, Benjamin. "La doctrine constitutionnelle sous la IVe République : Naissance d'une nouvelle génération de constitutionnalistes." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020054.
Full textIn 1945, the Liberation era was supposed to be a time when constitutional law would be renovated. At the very moment where France was adopting a new Constitution, a new generation of constitutional law Professors emerged. From the « disciple » generation which succeeded to « the founders » generation itself, the « Third generation of constitutional law Professors », as Marcel Prélot named them, emerged. It was meant to be the « creative » generation. But renewing constitutional law was not an easy task. Notwithstanding the adoption of a new Constitution, the IVth Republic rapidly came back to the uses and habits of the IIIrd Republic. It therefore disappointed the hopes of the constitutional legal doctrine and its attempts to reshape a specific constitutional law suiting the new regime. Taking note of the failure of constitutional law to frame the parliamentary daily life, constitutional law Professors reoriented their efforts to renew their academic discipline in a way that would get closer to political sciences. This new orientation allowed the « Third generation » to tackle new fields of research, such as political parties or the history of political ideas, but diverted them from a more technical approach. However, it was on the latter that the constitutional revision of 1958 that set out the Constitution of the Vth Republic settled
Konaté, Diola. "Réflexions poétiques de l'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'un écrivain ethnologue surréaliste : Michel Leiris." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20048.
Full textThe narrator-poet and ethnographer at the same time-in his literary creations and ther works structures around the theme about africa a theory giving a new dynamic value to the authentic reflections expresin, the spiritual and cultural values and the africa heritage-a theory doubly throun into relief in our study on account of michel leiris' double vocation. According to the ethngrapher all aspects described in his travel book as manners and customs, rites and apparent sources of beliefs, exploitation of magic knouledges and resorts to mythical survivals deserve to be taken into account, for they represent basis from which the africa black explains and integrates his naturel environment but also throngh which be states his attachment to his origins. According to the poet the travel throngh the complex circonvolutions of these irrational wealths, beyond the passion for myths and cultures unknoun of that time, becomes a means of being objective towards the rational logic and to reach a better acquaintance of oneself and the then - a poetic experimentation that he carries on even in his dreams (image of the ethnographe
Feron, Alexandre. "Le Moment marxiste de la phénoménologie française (Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Tran Duc Thao)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H220.
Full textBetween the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the 1960s, the chief representatives of the phenomenological school in France, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Tran Duc Thao, not only considered that they had to confront Marxism in their works : they deemed the endeavour to combine Marxism with phenomenology one of the major tasks of philosophy in the modern world. The object of our research is to understand the specificity of the philosophical work each performed on these two apparently incompatible schools of thought, in order to make their synthesis possible. Our work traces the way in which the initial project of 1944 was progressively questioned and reworked in the wake of political and historical change, philosophical debates and the development of human sciences. Thus we hope to bring to light the underlying stakes and conceptual innovations of what remains one of the most fertile and original moments in contemporary French philosophy
陳, 紅星. "Entité - Identité - Identification : ce que l'art contemporain fait à la philosophie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0138.
Full textWhat is art? What is art after and according to contemporary art? This PHD dissertation starts with the observation of a paradigmatic turn in artistic evolution, and tends to analyze the cause and the very nature of the so-called "crisis of contemporary art" in France in the 90s of the last century. All of the debates subsequently lead our research into the essential questions related to the definition of art, the existence modes of works, and the artistic function. It is an ontological approach with an analytic spirit on the identity of art and art after and according to contemporary art
Zaccarello, Benedetta. "Paul Valéry ed i "Cahiers" nell' orizzonte della tradizione filosofica." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20019.
Full textRauber, Laurent. "Mori Arimasa : le Japon et l’Europe au travers de sa philosophie de l’« expérience »." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC027/document.
Full textFrom his own path, Mori Arimasa (森有正, 1911-1976) developed his so-called philosophy of “experience”. His philosophy eventually grew into an intercultural comparison model, the dualism of two forms of experience, keiken (経験) and taiken (体験). In this study, we tried to challenge the development and the fruits of this philosophy of “experience”. We started with a biography of the author. Then we presented his thought around “experience”, which we think inherit the problems of the dichotomous vision of reality, which cross the French classical philosophy from Descartes to Bergson. The confrontation between Europe and Japan is directly dependent on this dualistic view, which has no solution to offer instead mysticism, and combined with the partial judgment of the author, coming from his own personal life. Finally, in his thought, the “good” western experience is pushed against the “bad” Japanese experience. Lastly, we propose a translation in French for his “great” essay, Experience and Thought (『経験と思想』, 1970-1972). Undermine by his contradictions, his bias and despair, Mori did not manage to open a positive way for Japan. In the commentary of the translation, we tried to redirect his philosophy in a more positive way
Cruz, Rodriguez José Manuel. "Antillanité et Créolité en Martinique : la construction de l'identité par la nomination et par les repères spatiotemporels dans les romans "La Case du commandeur" d'Édouard Glissant et "Commandeur du sucre" de Raphaël Confiant." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131022.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to study the means by which Edouard Glissant and Raphaël Confiant recreate Martiniquean culture in their respective novels « La Case du commandeur » (1981) and “Commandeur du sucre” (1994). This thesis addresses the basic question of whether these novels, which attempt to reflect Martiniquean identity along historical, geographical, human and ethnic parameters, embody the poetics generally attributed to them, namely Caribbeanness and Creoleness. The totality of the corpus made up by both novels is considered in this study as the visions recreated by two erudite informers regarding their culture and their country. Lexico-semantic structures are examined on the basis of the lemmas used in discourse to name the characters and to mark the space-time references associated with identified notional groups. The study establishes the similitudes and differences, as far as the above-mentioned aspects under analysis are concerned, which exist between the two poetics represented by these novels published in the last two decades of the 20th century. Edouard Glissant’s novel covers a time span extending from the arrival of the slaves in Martinique up to the late 1970s, while Raphaël Confiant depicts the Martinique of the 1930s
Escalle, Vincent. "Activer la présence sensible des choses." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20009.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is a journey throughout my artistic practice. It will be driven by the study of dissimilar objects, such as a tree or wood ; a mirror or glass. These « objects » emer-ged spontaneously during my experiments and proved themselves worthy of interest. From this, I will carry out a new mindset on « objects », focusing especially on their singularity. I will attempt to overturn the familiar vision we normally exert on them, to exhibit a «white history ». This may occur, for instance, by breaking the surface, exposing the material or by delving deeper into it. These kinds of gestures establish a breach in the usual idioms of re-presentation. It creates a showcase where what we see and get opens also on what we cannot see and cannot get. All this leads to the importance of finding the Artistic processes capable of showing the unbeknownst of these materials and phenomenon to us. It all comes back to the research of a poetic sense that makes the puissance emerge from these unique objects. For this purpose, the thesis’s construction will move back and forth between Praxis and theory. Its inspiration in found in the analysis of industrial and craftsmanship techniques as much as in the fabricating of objects ; sylviculture, saw milling, carpentry and mirror manu-facture. Once again we shall alternate in between the works and reflections of artists of the second half of the 20th century, such as Giuseppe Penone for trees and wood, and Roberts Smithson for mirrors and glass. Finally, the thesis articulates my personal work by use of the Index notion, brought out by the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce
Gómez, Granda Pablo Andrés. "Matériau et forme pour rien : essai critique sur l'architecture et la notion de dispositif." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010589/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis examines and discusses the notion of dispositif (device) such as it emerged within the contemporary French philosophy, mainly in Michel Foucault's and Gilles Deleuze's works. Its intention is to criticize the association in architecture of the structural and the organization, to propose an architectural practice less dedicated to the assemblages of environments, but which facilitates situations of freedom. For that purpose, this thesis studies the notions of form and function in architecture from a philosophical order reasoning on the "material". Three moments of a possible history on the material are considered. In the first two moments, dedicated to the concrete, and "small" materials respectively, architecture appears in its connection to a mode of the industry and to a labor economy. In the third moment, it is shown how the staging and fiction can contribute to transforming materials into dispositifs. On this base, we move, on the one hand, to strip the notion of form from the functional significations that surround it, while on the other hand, we put in tension Michel Foucault's reading proposed by Giorgio Agamben, putting into context the concepts and the suggestions implied in it, in regards to economy. Ali this work is indissociably architectural and philosophical. Its purpose is to establish the essential character, for both demains of thought, of the notion of an aimless form or "form for nothing ". This notion can be related to an architecture of the "discontinuity" whose materials are neither in harmony with the structure nor the power of the dispositifs