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Journal articles on the topic 'Logics and argumentation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Karpovitch, V. N. "Rationality, Logic, and the Theory of Argumentation." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 3 (2018): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-3-16-27.

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The theory of argumentation is supposed to be connected to rationality. Traditionally, rationality was defined in terms of logic, and at the same time considered as an essential part of the theory of argumentation. Thus argumentation acquired the property of rationality, while the rhetorical component ensured the success of communication. However, the possibilities of different logics and the existence of practical rationality assume a different order of categories by their generality: rationality, argumentation, logic.

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Bodanza, Gustavo A., and Fernando A. Tohm�. "Local logics, non-monotonicity and defeasible argumentation." Journal of Logic, Language and Information 14, no. 1 (December 2004): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10849-004-4510-7.

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Bodanza, Gustavo A., and Fernando A. Tohm�. "Local Logics, Non-Monotonicity and Defeasible Argumentation." Journal of Logic, Language and Information 14, no. 1 (December 2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10849-005-4510-2.

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Matviienko, I. S. "МИСТЕЦТВО МИСЛИТИ ЛОГІЧНО ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФІЛОСОФСЬКОЇ АРГУМЕНТАЦІЇ." HUMANITARIAN STUDIOS: PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2021.01.112.

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Argumentation, as an assemblage of proofs in defense of the stated positions is always present in philosophical dispute, and the extent to which you are conclusive in this dispute depends on your skills of argumentation. That is why this article is devoted to the examination of philosophical argumentation and its use of formal logics.

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Dung, P. M., and P. M. Thang. "Closure and Consistency In Logic-Associated Argumentation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 49 (January 29, 2014): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4107.

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Properties like logical closure and consistency are important properties in any logical reasoning system. Caminada and Amgoud showed that not every logic-based argument system satisfies these relevant properties. But under conditions like closure under contraposition or transposition of the monotonic part of the underlying logic, ASPIC-like systems satisfy these properties. In contrast, the logical closure and consistency properties are not well-understood for other well-known and widely applied systems like logic programming or assumption based argumentation. Though conditions like closure under contraposition or transposition seem intuitive in ASPIC-like systems, they rule out many sensible ASPIC-like systems that satisfy both properties of closure and consistency. We present a new condition referred to as the self-contradiction axiom that guarantees the consistency property in both ASPIC-like and assumption-based systems and is implied by both properties of closure under contraposition or transposition. We develop a logic-associated abstract argumentation framework, by associating abstract argumentation with abstract logics to represent the conclusions of arguments. We show that logic-associated abstract argumentation frameworks capture ASPIC-like systems (without preferences) and assumption-based argumentation. We present two simple and natural properties of compactness and cohesion in logic-associated abstract argumentation frameworks and show that they capture the logical closure and consistency properties. We demonstrate that in both assumption-based argumentation and ASPIC-like systems, cohesion follows naturally from the self-contradiction axiom. We further give a translation from ASPIC-like systems (without preferences) into equivalent assumption-based systems that keeps the self-contradiction axiom invariant.

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AMENDOLA, GIOVANNI, and FRANCESCO RICCA. "Paracoherent Answer Set Semantics meets Argumentation Frameworks." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 5-6 (September 2019): 688–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068419000139.

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AbstractIn the last years, abstract argumentation has met with great success in AI, since it has served to capture several non-monotonic logics for AI. Relations between argumentation framework (AF) semantics and logic programming ones are investigating more and more. In particular, great attention has been given to the well-known stable extensions of an AF, that are closely related to the answer sets of a logic program. However, if a framework admits a small incoherent part, no stable extension can be provided. To overcome this shortcoming, two semantics generalizing stable extensions have been studied, namely semi-stable and stage. In this paper, we show that another perspective is possible on incoherent AFs, called paracoherent extensions, as they have a counterpart in paracoherent answer set semantics. We compare this perspective with semi-stable and stage semantics, by showing that computational costs remain unchanged, and moreover an interesting symmetric behaviour is maintained.

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Smaling, Adri. "Argumentation, Cooperation and Charity in Qualitative Inquiry." Concepts and Transformation 3, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.3.1-2.08sma.

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Contemporary argumentation theory is the most appropriate logical basis of qualitative inquiry. Formal logics, deductive or inductive, have turned out to have little value in some particular practical situations and local contexts. An optimal observance of the cooperative principle and the charity principle in argumentation theory may not only be merely methodologically motivated, it may also have an ethical motivation. This ethical motivation may have a methodological significance and may be supported by a philosophy of life.

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Vesic, S. "Identifying the Class of Maxi-Consistent Operators in Argumentation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 47 (May 21, 2013): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3860.

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Dungs abstract argumentation theory can be seen as a general framework for non-monotonic reasoning. An important question is then: what is the class of logics that can be subsumed as instantiations of this theory? The goal of this paper is to identify and study the large class of logic-based instantiations of Dungs theory which correspond to the maxi-consistent operator, i.e. to the function which returns maximal consistent subsets of an inconsistent knowledge base. In other words, we study the class of instantiations where very extension of the argumentation system corresponds to exactly one maximal consistent subset of the knowledge base. We show that an attack relation belonging to this class must be conflict-dependent, must not be valid, must not be conflict-complete, must not be symmetric etc. Then, we show that some attack relations serve as lower or upper bounds of the class (e.g. if an attack relation contains canonical undercut then it is not a member of this class). By using our results, we show for all existing attack relations whether or not they belong to this class. We also define new attack relations which are members of this class. Finally, we interpret our results and discuss more general questions, like: what is the added value of argumentation in such a setting? We believe that this work is a first step towards achieving our long-term goal, which is to better understand the role of argumentation and, particularly, the expressivity of logic-based instantiations of Dung-style argumentation frameworks.

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CHESÑEVAR, CARLOS, MCGINNIS, SANJAY MODGIL, IYAD RAHWAN, CHRIS REED, GUILLERMO SIMARI, MATTHEW SOUTH, GERARD VREESWIJK, and STEVEN WILLMOTT. "Towards an argument interchange format." Knowledge Engineering Review 21, no. 4 (December 2006): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888906001044.

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The theory of argumentation is a rich, interdisciplinary area of research straddling the fields of artificial intelligence, philosophy, communication studies, linguistics and psychology. In the last few years, significant progress has been made in understanding the theoretical properties of different argumentation logics. However, one major barrier to the development and practical deployment of argumentation systems is the lack of a shared, agreed notation or ‘interchange format’ for argumentation and arguments. In this paper, we describe a draft specification for an argument interchange format (AIF) intended for representation and exchange of data between various argumentation tools and agent-based applications. It represents a consensus ‘abstract model’ established by researchers across fields of argumentation, artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. In its current form, this specification is intended as a starting point for further discussion and elaboration by the community, rather than an attempt at a definitive, all-encompassing model. However, to demonstrate proof of concept, a use case scenario is briefly described. Moreover, three concrete realizations or ‘reifications’ of the abstract model are illustrated.

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Kampik, Timotheus, and Juan Carlos Nieves. "Abstract argumentation and the rational man." Journal of Logic and Computation 31, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 654–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exab003.

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Abstract Abstract argumentation has emerged as a method for non-monotonic reasoning that has gained popularity in the symbolic artificial intelligence community. In the literature, the different approaches to abstract argumentation that were refined over the years are typically evaluated from a formal logics perspective; an analysis that is based on models of economically rational decision-making does not exist. In this paper, we work towards addressing this issue by analysing abstract argumentation from the perspective of the rational man paradigm in microeconomic theory. To assess under which conditions abstract argumentation-based decision-making can be considered economically rational, we derive reference independence as a non-monotonic inference property from a formal model of economic rationality and create a new argumentation principle that ensures compliance with this property. We then compare the reference independence principle with other reasoning principles, in particular with cautious monotony and rational monotony. We show that the argumentation semantics as proposed in Dung’s seminal paper, as well as other semantics we evaluate, with the exception of naive semantics and the SCC-recursive CF2 semantics, violate the reference independence principle. Consequently, we investigate how structural properties of argumentation frameworks impact the reference independence principle and identify cyclic expansions (both even and odd cycles) as the root of the problem. Finally, we put reference independence into the context of preference-based argumentation and show that for this argumentation variant, which explicitly models preferences, reference independence cannot be ensured in a straight-forward manner.

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Yuan, Jinmei. "Analogical Propositions in Moist Texts." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 404–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-03903007.

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This article is an effort to improve understanding between Moist and Aristotelian logics on analogy. I argue that Chinese logic can neither fit in Aristotelian deductive framework, nor completely fit in Aristotelian inductive framework. One of the major reasoning skills that ancient Chinese logicians applied is analogical reasoning. Having examined thirteen Moist analogical propositions in a Moist text, the Da Qu from the perspective of finding rationales (li ) among things, I conclude that if the rationales can be found in a changing world, then Chinese logicians seek for the “beauty of creative thinking” in the process of argumentation.

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STRANIERI, ANDREW, JOHN ZELEZNIKOW, and JOHN YEARWOOD. "Argumentation structures that integrate dialectical and non-dialectical reasoning." Knowledge Engineering Review 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888901000248.

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Argumentation concepts have been applied to numerous knowledge engineering endeavours in recent years. For example, a variety of logics have been developed to represent argumentation in the context of a dialectical situation such as a dialogue. In contrast to the dialectical approach, argumentation has also been used to structure knowledge. This can be seen as a non-dialectical approach. The Toulmin argument structure has often been used to structure knowledge non-dialectically yet most studies that apply the Toulmin structure do not use the original structure but vary one or more components. Variations to the Toulmin structure can be understood as different ways to integrate a dialectical perspective with a non-dialectical one. Drawing the dialectical/non-dialectical distinction enables the specification of a framework called the generic actual argument model that is expressly non-dialectical. The framework enables the development of knowledge-based systems that integrate a variety of inference procedures, combine information retrieval with reasoning and facilitate automated document drafting. Furthermore, the non-dialectical framework provides the foundation for simple dialectical models. Systems based on our approach have been developed in family law, refugee law, determining eligibility for government legal aid, copyright law and e-tourism.

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Samman, Amin. "Strange loops: Producing history in financial times." Finance and Society 6, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v6i2.5276.

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In this rejoinder, I discuss three fundamental ‘deadlocks’ raised by contributors to this forum. These relate to the status of historical discourse, financial market logics, and above all the figure of the ‘strange loop’, which I put forward as a means of reorienting historical thought. I also offer some preliminary remarks on why History in Financial Times departs from conventional forms of historicism in political economy, as well as a further set of reflections on the contemporaneity of the book’s argumentation.

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Torck, Danièle. "The arroseur arrosé or the misfortunes of pathos in a media dialogue." Dialogue and Representation 2, no. 1 (May 12, 2012): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.2.1.05tor.

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The case study which is presented here refers to the Polanski affair (2009) and the resulting debate in France and is an illustration of the loss of legitimacy that some intellectuals, the so-called media intellectuals, suffer in their relationship to dialogues on the Internet . It also illustrates what has been called by Charaudeau (1997)the pathemization of public discourse and its spectacularization in the media. I will analyze the argumentation in a dialogue (or its refusal) between two philosophers on the French public radio, France Inter. I will describe the discursive ethos of the main speaker, Alain Finkielkraut, but also the fallacies, the dominance of pathos and the accusation of amalgam (fallacious analogy) that characterize his discourse. This accusation, which is very frequent in French public discourse, will be examined in the framework of Angenot’s approach of the logics of resentment (1997). I will then confront this analysis to the discourse and argumentation used by some Internet users on the Polanski affair and more generally on dialogues in the media.

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Łada, Monika, Alina Kozarkiewicz, and Jim Haslam. "Contending institutional logics, illegitimacy risk and management accounting." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 4 (January 16, 2020): 795–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2018-3640.

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PurposeThis article explores the influence of duality in institutional logics on internal accounting, with a focus on a Polish public university. More particularly, we answer the research question: how does illegitimacy risk arising from the divergent pressures of the institutional environment impact management accountings in this institution?Design/methodology/approachThis paper seeks to uncover intricacies of notions of internal legitimacy façade, decoupling and counter-coupling in practice. It explores details of organizational responses involving management accounting aimed at reducing illegitimacy risk. Achieving good organizational access, the authors adopt a qualitative case study approach involving contextual appreciation/document analysis/participant observation/discussion with key actors: facilitating building upon theoretical argumentation through finding things out from the field.FindingsThe authors uncover and discuss organizational solutions and legitimizing manoeuvres applied, identifying four adaptation tactics in the struggle to support legitimacy that they term ‘ceremonial calculations’, ‘legitimacy labelling’, ‘blackboxing’ and ‘shadow management accounting’. These can be seen in relation to decoupling and counter-coupling. Ceremonial calculations supported the internal façade. Shadow management accounting supported pro-effectiveness. Legitimacy labelling and blackboxing helped bind these two organizational layers, further supporting legitimacy. In interaction the four tactics engendered what can be seen as a ‘counter-coupling’ of management accounting. The authors clarify impacts for management accounting.Research limits/implicationsThe usual limitations of case research apply for generalizability. Theorizing of management accounting in relation to contradictory logics is advanced.Practical implicationsThe article illuminates how management accounting can be understood vis-à-vis contradictory logics.Originality valueElaboration of the tactics and their interaction is a theoretical and empirical contribution. Focus on a Polish university constitutes an empirical contribution.

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Crawford, Neta C. "Homo Politicusand Argument (Nearly) All the Way Down: Persuasion in Politics." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090136.

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Much theorizing about world politics and many policy recommendations are predicated on a rather thin view ofhomo politicus,often assuming that humans are rational and self-interested strategic actors and that force is theultima ratioof politics. This thin notion should be replaced by a richer understanding ofhomo politicusthat includes the characteristic activities of political actors: we fight, we feel, we talk, and we build institutions. This understanding helps illuminate the scope and limits of strategic action, argument and persuasion in world politics in both empirical and normative senses. I describe the spectrum of political action that situates the role of argument and persuasion within the extremes of brute force on one side and mutual communication on the other. I also discuss barriers to argument and communication. Noting the role of argument in this spectrum of international and domestic political practice suggests that it is argument (nearly) all the way down and that the scope of argument can be and in some cases has increased over thelongue durée.Coercion, by itself, has a limited role in world politics. The claim that there are distinctive logics of argumentation, strategic action, or appropriateness misses the point. Argument is the glue of politics—its characteristic practice. Understanding politics as argumentation has radical empirical and normative implications for the study and practice of politics.

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Irawan, Nico, and Tri Febrianti Valentina. "The Language of Argumentation: A Book Review." Journal of Language and Education 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.12538.

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The Language of Argumentation by Ronny Boogaart, Henrike Jansen, & Maarten van Leeuwen (Eds). Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2021 aims to provide important theoretical insights to the international community of argumentation theorists by informing them of recent developments in the field. Some aspects of argumentative texts may emerge as a result of the argumentation process. This book covers different types of argumentative procedures and enthymematic argumentation, argumentation structures, argumentation schemes, and fallacies. Specifically, contributions are solicited from authors trained in informal or formal logic, modern or classical rhetoric, and discourse analysis or speech communication.

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Ortegel, Moritz. "“Creative city” policy mobilities as transformation of dispositives – arrangements of “networking” in the European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg." Geographica Helvetica 72, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-157-2017.

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Abstract. Following the calls for context-sensitive policy mobility research, I propose to analyze policy mobilities as transformation of dispositives. Michel Foucault's context-sensitive notion of dispositive stresses the context-specific, heterogeneous relations between linguistic and non-linguistic practices, subjectivities and materialities as well as the influence of power/knowledge and sedimented features in policymaking. These sensitivities are valuable contributions to policy mobility research. I draw on empirical research on creative city policies, which are re-embedded in the European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, to illustrate that line of argumentation. I reconstruct and compare related (sub-)dispositives: the mobile creative city policies, the historical and current contexts of the policies' re-embedding. Consequently, I use arrangements of networking as an empirical lens to understand the differing logics that shape the re-embedding of creative city policies in the European Metropolitan Region Nuremberg and the mutual transformation of policies and their contexts.

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Sundaram, Sasikumar S. "Varieties of political rhetorical reasoning: norm types, scorekeepers, and political projects." International Theory 12, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 358–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175297191900023x.

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AbstractHow does rhetoric work in the pursuit of political projects in international relations? This article analyzes how rhetoric-wielding political actors engage in reasoning to bolster their position by drawing upon norms that underwrite interactions, and audiences as scorekeepers evaluate the reasoning by making a series of inferences. I call this mechanism rhetorical reasoning. Building on the existing classification of norms in constructivist international relations (IR) and utilizing three distinct norm types – instrumental, institutional, and moral – I show the different processes through which political actors deploy rhetoric to legitimize and justify political projects and the distinct logics through which scorekeepers make inferences and evaluate the project. This article contributes to IR theories of argumentation by providing a sharp conceptualization of political rhetoric and actor–audience relationships in the game. I illustrate the mechanism of rhetorical reasoning using Brazil's UN peace enforcement operation in Haiti in 2004 to give empirical evidence for the role of institutional norm type in patterns of rhetorical reasoning and contestations in international politics. Paying attention to political rhetoric in the actor–scorekeepers' relationships in this way clarifies important issues regarding the varieties of political projects and the different role of normativity in the game.

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Yáñéz, Cristián Santibáñez. "Steps Towards an Evolutionary Account of Argumentative Competence." Informal Logic 35, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v35i2.4115.

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In this paper a tentative explanation of the competence of argumentation from an evolutionary point of view is offered. Because in contemporary argumentation theory and the informal logic approach the evolutionary perspective has been neglected, this paper gives an initial overview on the matter with the hope that core aspects of the argumentative faculty—such as argumentative normativity, the function of arguments, or fallacious moves, among others—can be seen differently afterwards. In order to specify the proposal, the main concepts considered are the notion of collective intentionality, cooperation, reputation, niche construction and, of course, basic evolutionary terms.

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Sabadash, Yuliia. "Ukrainian humanism of today: cultural aspect." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: Philosophy, culture studies, sociology 9, no. 18 (2019): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2849-2019-9-18-76-85.

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The article focuses onto the theoretical developments of Ukrainian specialists in cultural studies, which were provided during the last decade. It is noted that the active development of cultural knowledge requires both the fixation of already worked out problems and the definition of new problems in the logics of further research process. It is shown that during the 2010-2020 period the theoretical interest of scientists was directed to the argumentation of specific principles of cultural analysis, which helps to distinguish “Cultural Studies” among other “structural elements” of humanism, in particular, socio-political knowledge, philosophy, aesthetics, history and theory of religion, art criticism, etc. The “boundary sphere” is outlined, where the theoretical interests of cultural studies intercross with other Humanities. The importance of generalization and systematization of those theoretical spheres that are in consideration of modern Ukrainian scientists is pointed out and those “white spots” are more clearly delineated that year by year are in the focus of researchers’ attention. Besides, basing onto the publications that appear during 2019, especially those that reflect the conceptual basis of future PhD or doctoral dissertations, it can be argued that scientists mostly “push off” from those groundworks that were to some extent stated previously in 2018-2019

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Mejía, Daniel. "Adding limits to argumentative reconstruction: the case of taste in argumentation." Cogency 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32995/cogency.v12i2.363.

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This paper questions the use of the argumentative reconstruction technique as a criterion for identifying arguments. To perform this, I stress a type of argument that appeals to taste. I proceed as follows: first, I relate such a technique to the ways in which pragma-dialectics and informal logic have defined argumentation. Second, I present some borderline cases to reconstruction technique such as argumentation through directives, expressives and commissives speech acts, narrative argumentation, and visual argumentation. Third, I add to these cases that of an argumentation that appeals to taste by analyzing a dialogue. Fourth, I conclude the article by offering reasons to study cases such as the one presented and by introducing some problems derived from the present study.

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Buenfil Burgos, Rosa Nidia. "Lógicas de intelección en la producción de conocimientos: su importancia en la investigación sobre migrantes." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 9 (April 24, 2018): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i9.2544.

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Cuando se trata de procedimientos de investigación en ciencias sociales, es frecuente encontrar disquisiciones, prescripciones y, en el mejor de los casos, discusiones de teorías, metodologías, prescripciones técnicas, comparación de conceptos y nociones, incluso se llegan a discutir posicionamientos epistemológicos. En escasas ocasiones se discuten o al menos se tematizan los supuestos ontológicos, las estrategias de argumentación y mucho menos las lógicas que subyacen a la producción de conocimientos.En este escrito, se problematizan lógicas de intelección tradicionalmente usadas para la descripción y explicación en ciencias sociales, tomando el caso de la migración, con base en un referente empírico que consta de información documental, observación y entrevistas a estudiantes, profesores y miembros de una comunidad rural. Se elaboran y ponen en juego otras lógicas y categorías, como la aporía y la indecidibilidad, con el fin de ubicar en qué medida arrojan luz o no, para caracterizar, comprender e interpretar las formas como estos entrevistados significan la migración. Palabras clave: Migración, Aporía, Categorías y lógicas de intelección, Contextualidad Insights into the production of knowledge: its importance in research on migrantsSummaryWhen it comes to research procedures in social sciences, it is common to find disquisitions, prescriptions and, in the best of cases, discussions of theories, methodologies, technical prescriptions, comparison of concepts and notions, even epistemological positions are discussed. In few occasions are discussed or at least the ontological assumptions, argumentation strategies and much less the logic that underlies the production of knowledge are thematized.In this paper, intellectual logics traditionally used for description and explanation in social sciences are problematized, taking the case of migration, based on an empirical reference that consists of documentary information, observation and interviews to students, professors and members of a rural community. Other logics and categories are elaborated and put into play, such as aporia and undecidability, in order to locate to what extent they shed light or not, to characterize, understand and interpret the ways these interviewees mean migration.Keywords: Migration, Aporia, Intelectual categories and logics, ContextualitySchémas de pensée dans la production de connaissances: leur importance pour la recherche sur les migrantsRésuméA propos des procédures de recherche en sciences sociales, il est fréquent de trouver des digressions, des prescriptions et, dans le meilleur des cas, des discussions sur les théories, les méthodologies, les prescriptions techniques, la comparaison de concepts et de notions et il arrive même qu’on débatte de positionnements épistémologiques. Il est plus rare qu’on examine ou du moins qu’on prenne en compte les postulats ontologiques, les stratégies d’argumentation et, à plus forte raison, les schémas de pensée qui sous-tendent la production de connaissances.Dans ce texte, les schémas de pensée traditionnellement mis en œuvre pour décrire et expliquer en sciences sociales sont problématisés, à partir du cas de la migration et sur une base de référence empirique nourrie d’information documentaire, d’observation et d’entretiens avec des étudiants, professeurs et membres de la communauté rurale. D’autres schémas et catégories y sont élaborés et mis en jeu, comme l’aporie et l’indicibilité, afin de voir dans quelle mesure ils sont éclairants ou pas pour caractériser, comprendre et interpréter les façons dont les personnes avec lesquelles nous nous sommes entretenu signifient la migration.Mots-clés: Migration, Aporie, Catégories et schémas de pensée, Contextualité

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Liu, Min. "The Study of Literary Criticism on The Well of Loneliness from the Perspective of Toulmin’s Argumentation Model." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 6 (September 27, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n6p101.

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Literary criticism is a kind of commentary genre, with a certain color of argumentation. Toulmin’s model, as an important method of non-formal logic, has played an important role in the analysis of argumentative discourse (Yang, 2004). Therefore, it also provides a new perspective for the study of literary criticism. This paper, on the basis of consummating Toulmin’s model, analyzes different specific arguments of The Well of Loneliness, this controversial literary work whether can become a literary classic and widely recognized in different times, combined with literary criticism, and tries to characterize the internal structure of the argumentation, analysis of the dynamic process of argumentation and improvement of the pragmatic strategies of argumentation in a finer way. Thereby, it is more rational to verdict and to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the argumentation. Then suggestions of the construction and perfection of literary criticism can be provided.

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Rips, Lance J. "Argumentative Thinking: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Psychology and Argumentation." Informal Logic 29, no. 4 (December 17, 2009): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v29i4.2902.

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This special issue of Informal Logic brings together a num-ber of traditions from the psychology and philosophy of argument. Psycho-logists’ interest in argument typically arises in understanding how indivi-duals form and change their beliefs. Thus, theories of argument can serve as models of the structure of justi-fications for belief, as methods of diagnosing errors in beliefs, and as prototypes for learning. The articles in this issue illustrate all three of these connections.

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Ågotnes, Thomas, Beishui Liao, and Yì N. Wáng. "Logic and argumentation." Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 28, no. 2-3 (June 29, 2018): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11663081.2018.1487243.

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Ragonis, Noa, and Gila Shilo. "Analogies Between Logic Programming and Linguistics For Developing Students' Understanding of Argumentation Texts." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 17 (2018): 549–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4163.

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Aim/Purpose: Research shows that students encounter difficulties in identifying the structure of argumentation texts and in understanding the main message of the argument. The research examined the effect that learning Logic Programming (LP), while applying logic inference, has on students’ understanding of argumentation texts. Background: Understanding an argumentation text means exposure to its structure, which requires the ability to identify the argument presented and to distinguish between the argument and its justifications. Argumentation is an important cognitive capacity for handling conflicting information, viewpoints, and opinions. Students’ lack of ability to identify the structure of argumentation texts, and to understand its’ main message, affects the understanding of texts in general, the writing of texts, and the presentation of oral arguments. Since Logic Programming is based on inference that is similar to the way in which people commonly believe that human inferential thinking is performed, our research approach was to investigate how learning LP in Computer Science affects the understanding of argumentation texts in Linguistics. Methodology: The research population included 319 11th-grade students from five high schools, divided into a study group and a control group. Students’ understanding was tested using knowledge questionnaires after completing their language studies, before (pre-study) and after (post-study) a year of learning LP. The knowledge questionnaires included argumentation paragraphs where students were asked to give each paragraph a title and to analyze the argument structure. In addition, an attitudes questionnaire was administered at the end of the school year in order to examine the students’ attitudes towards the connection between the two disciplines. The research applied a mixed method approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. Contribution: The research and its’ findings contribute to the previous body of knowledge with relation to students difficulties in understanding argumentation texts in Linguistics studies. Moreover, it suggests a new approach of using argumentation in the framework of inference as apply in LP to scaffold students’ conceptions. The use of an interactive computerized system (like the logic programming language Prolog) can scaffold students in constructing their knowledge, develop their computational thinking skills, and also enables to vary the teaching methods. Findings: Findings show that the students’ understanding of argumentation texts improved after learning LP. The study group students’ achievements were explicitly better compared with the control group students, who did not learn LP, though this was not always reflected with significant statistics. Students’ attitudes questionnaire revealed that students did not identify on their own the connections between the two disciplines and so could not explicitly use it to promote their understanding. Recommendations for Practitioners: Creative educators, who value challenges, can greatly benefit their students if they collaborate in aim for applying interdisciplinary learning while combining those two disciplines. The research conclusions shows that it is possible to improve students’ understanding if teachers explicitly mediate and guide students in drawing analogies. Recommendation for Researchers: The analysis tool we developed and apply can be used by educators and researchers to evaluate the understanding of argumentative texts by learners. It can be used in language classes at all levels as well as by educators in other disciplines in which the understanding of the argumentative structure is fundamental. Impact on Society: Developing argumentation skills and computational thinking skills. Future Research: Vary future possible research can follow the presented approach: examining how LP teachers expose the logical structure of an argumentation paragraph when they write logic programs that describe the inference represented in texts; examining how language teachers coupe with learning and using LP; examines the knowledge and skills of students that experienced a mediate learning process in the two disciplines in parallel.

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van der Ven, Johannes A. "Religion’s Political Role in Rawlsian Key." Religion & Theology 19, no. 1-2 (2012): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430112x650357.

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AbstractIn Political Liberalism, expanded edition, Rawls repeatedly wants religions to accept liberal democracy for intrinsic reasons from their own religious premises, not as a modus vivendi. This article is to be considered an exploration in that field. In the first part the narrative of the St. Paul’s speech before the Areopagus in Athens by Luke is hermeneutically analyzed, as it tries to find common ground with Hellenistic philosophy and to do so by using deliberative rhetoric. In the second part these two characteristics of the Lukean story are considered the building blocks for the intrinsic acceptance of liberal democracy, albeit not in a substantive, but a formal key. The common ground Luke explored then was religious in nature, whereas in our days, at least in North-Western Europe, religion belongs to a cognitive minority. Moreover philosophy does not provide a common ground either, as there is a pluralism of competing schools nowadays. But intercontextual hermeneutics metaphorically permits to draw the following quadratic equation: as Lukean Paul related the Christian message to his philosophical context in order to find common ground, so we are to relate it to our context, the common ground of which is not philosophical, but political, which refers to the context of public reason. This article argues for accepting Rawls’ concept of using a bilingual language game for religion to present its religious convictions into the public debate and in due course translate them in terms of public reason. Such a translation requires a deliberative argumentation, that corresponds to the rules of logics and epistemology in practical reason.

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Iskandar, Zelvi. "Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Dan Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Argumentasi (Studi Eksperimen Pada Siswa Kelas Xi Sma Negeri 1 Lengayang)." ESTETIK : Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia 1, no. 1 (July 13, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/estetik.v1i1.416.

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The study is intendead to investigate the achievement of language skill of student’s who learn through cooperative learning strategy and those who learn through individual learning one. It is a qualitative research by employing experiment methode which includes two sampel of group, namely ones who follow cooperative learning strategy. Based on the findings and the investigation, it reaches the following conclusion. Firstly, teachers can choose which learning materials and strategies should be used to gain the increasment of student’s skill writing argumentation as when the level of rational thingking of student has been known. Secondly, the strategy of cooperative learning and individual learning among student’s group who have different ability in using logical thingking will result in different skill in writing argumentation. Thirdly, the improvement of argumentative writing skill can be effected by factors of learning strategy and logical thingking skill. Fourtly, the learning strategy and logical thingking skills have strong connection to the skill of writing argumentation.

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Blair, J. Anthony. "Meta-argumentation, An Approach to Logic and Argumentation Theory." Informal Logic 34, no. 2 (June 2, 2014): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v34i2.4165.

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Kakas, Antonis C., Paolo Mancarella, and Francesca Toni. "On Argumentation Logic and Propositional Logic." Studia Logica 106, no. 2 (July 19, 2017): 237–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-017-9736-x.

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32

Mirzakhanyan, Ruben K., Srbuhi R. Gevorgyan, Vladimir S. Karapetyan, A. M. Dallakyan, and Asya S. Berberyan. "Typical Expression Of Cognitive Dissonance And Consonance In The Course Of Argumentation Among Primary-School Children Playing Chess." WISDOM 13, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v13i2.281.

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The research aims to reveal the typical expressions of cognitive dissonance and consonance among the primary-school children by their argumentations upon their deed. The relevance of the research stems from the applicability of the study of the phenomena of dissonance and consonance, which inherently emerge in the sphere of argumentation among the children who study how to play chess. Cognitive dissonance and consonance in the sphere of argumentation in the course of the game of chess are gradually transforming both into the respective reference points – relevant to the situation given, and into the emotional and behavioural manifestations – either adequately or inadequately expressed and, by the logical and inner conflict, are observed as the result of juxtaposition of the realms of emotions and logic. The present research evidences that, in the case of similar chess skills, the manifestation of cognitive dissonance, and the own argumentation as well are detectable within the domain of extroversion – emotional instability. Such children, even more than the introverts, need the school psychologist’s support. The cognitive consonance is typical of those of the children involved who are ready to gain new experience and appear to be more positively charged towards their rivals or opponents.

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Haenni, Rolf. "Probabilistic argumentation." Journal of Applied Logic 7, no. 2 (June 2009): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jal.2007.11.006.

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Kakas, Antonis. "Informalizing Formal Logic." Informal Logic 39, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 169–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v39i2.5169.

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This paper presents a way in which formal logic can be understood and reformulated in terms of argumentation that can help us unify formal and informal reasoning. Classical deductive reasoning will be expressed entirely in terms of notions and concepts from argumentation so that formal logical entailment is equivalently captured via the arguments that win between those supporting concluding formulae and arguments supporting contradictory formulae. This allows us to go beyond Classical Logic and smoothly connect it with human reasoning, thus providing a uniform argumentation-based view of both informal and formal logic.

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Governatori, G. "Argumentation Semantics for Defeasible Logic." Journal of Logic and Computation 14, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 675–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/14.5.675.

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Kakas, K. "Computing argumentation in logic programming." Journal of Logic and Computation 9, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 515–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/9.4.515.

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Frogel, S. "Philosophical Argumentation: Logic and Rhetoric." Argumentation 18, no. 2 (2004): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:argu.0000024019.33248.8c.

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Amgoud, Leila, Philippe Besnard, and Srdjan Vesic. "Equivalence in logic-based argumentation." Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 24, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11663081.2014.959332.

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39

Wang, Kewen, Quanyuan Wu, and Huowang Chen. "Argumentation in disjunctive logic programming." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 41, no. 1 (February 1998): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02916880.

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Verheij, Bart. "Dialectical Argumentation with Argumentation Schemes: An Approach to Legal Logic." Artificial Intelligence and Law 11, no. 2/3 (2003): 167–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:arti.0000046008.49443.36.

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Dupin de Saint-Cyr, Florence, Pierre Bisquert, Claudette Cayrol, and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex. "Argumentation update in YALLA (Yet Another Logic Language for Argumentation)." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 75 (August 2016): 57–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2016.04.003.

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Kohlas, Jürg. "Probabilistic argumentation systems." Journal of Applied Logic 1, no. 3-4 (June 2003): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-8683(03)00014-4.

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43

Walton, Douglas, and Thomas F. Gordon. "Formalizing Informal Logic." Informal Logic 35, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v35i4.4335.

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This paper presents a formalization of informal logic using the Carneades Argumentation System (CAS), a formal, computational model of argument that consists of a formal model of argument graphs and audiences. Conflicts between pro and con arguments are resolved using proof standards, such as preponderance of the evidence. CAS also formalizes argumentation schemes. Schemes can be used to check whether a given argument instantiates the types of argument deemed normatively appropriate for the type of dialogue.

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44

Hintikka, Jaakko. "The Role of Logic in Argumentation." Monist 72, no. 1 (1989): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist19897211.

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Creignou, Nadia, Uwe Egly, and Johannes Schmidt. "Complexity Classifications for Logic-Based Argumentation." ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 15, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2629421.

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Bochman, A. "Collective Argumentation and Disjunctive Logic Programming." Journal of Logic and Computation 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/13.3.405.

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Karpovich, V. N. "Formal Logic, Rhetoric and Rational Argumentation." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 1 (2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-1-5-16.

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The theory of argumentation is supposed to be related to rationality. Traditionally, rationality was defined in terms of logic, and at the same time considered an essential part of the theory of argumentation. But dialectic, in its traditional sense, is also associated with rationality. Thus, rationality reveals the connection between two disciplines, rhetoric as a theory of adequate communication and formal logic as a theory explaining the preservation of truth from premises to the conclusion. This unity of the two aspects of the dialectic conversation reveals the connection between the formal and material aspects of argumentation as a rational basis of scientific research.

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Amgoud, Leila. "Postulates for logic-based argumentation systems." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 55, no. 9 (December 2014): 2028–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2013.10.004.

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Arioua, Abdallah, Madalina Croitoru, and Srdjan Vesic. "Logic-based argumentation with existential rules." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 90 (November 2017): 76–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2017.07.004.

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Prakken, Henry. "An argumentation framework in default logic." Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 9, no. 1-2 (March 1993): 93–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01531263.

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