Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logiciel de chimie quantique'
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Martins, Costa Marilia Teresa Cadillon. "Chimiste : un ensemble de logiciels de modélisation moléculaire quantique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10183.
Full textMathis, Hervé. "Reconnaissance de formes moléculaires dans les relations structure-activité." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0344_MATHIS.pdf.
Full textBerlu, Lilian. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de calcul des intégrales moléculaires impliquées dans le tenseur d'écran magnétique nucléaire sur orbitales atomiques de Slater." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660778.
Full textYang, Xiaotian. "New transition state optimization and reaction path finding algorithm with reduced internal coordinates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS481.
Full textThe characteristics of a chemical reaction are largely determined by the molecular structures associated with the reactant, the product, the transition state, and the path connecting them. Therefore, locating the stationary points on the molecular potential surface is the first step towards successful numerical modeling. Mathematically, reactants, products, and reactive intermediates are local minima on the potential energy surface. Two local minima are connected by a stationary point which is a maximum along the reaction path but a minimum in all other directions. This saddle point is called the transition state (TS) between the two local minima. Once all the important stationary points on the potential surface have been located, one can model the whole reaction process, including the mechanism(s) of the reaction and its kinetic and thermodynamic properties (reaction rate, equilibrium constant, exothermicity, etc.. For multistep reactions, the existence of intermediate(s) complicates the reaction mechanism. In addition, there may be multiple possible reaction paths, wherein different intermediate structures connect the same reactants and products. In these complicated scenarios, having a full minimum-energy path showing how reactants and products are connected by various sequences of structures is especially useful, as it provides researchers with atomistic detail about the reaction mechanism. This can be useful, for example, for designing better catalysts. [...]
Cassam-Chenaï, Patrick. "Algebre fermionique et chimie quantique." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066078.
Full textApplencourt, Thomas. "Calcul haute performance & chimie quantique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30162/document.
Full textThis thesis work has two main objectives: 1. To develop and apply original electronic structure methods for quantum chemistry 2. To implement several computational strategies to achieve efficient large-scale computer simulations. In the first part, both the Configuration Interaction (CI) and the Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods used in this work for calculating quantum properties are presented. We then describe more specifically the selected CI approach (so-called CIPSI approach, Configuration Interaction using a Perturbative Selection done Iteratively) that we used for building trial wavefunctions for QMC simulations. As a first application, we present the QMC calculation of the total non-relativistic energies of transition metal atoms of the 3d series. This work, which has required the implementation of Slater type basis functions in our codes, has led to the best values ever published for these atoms. We then present our original implementation of the pseudo-potentials for QMC and discuss the calculation of atomization energies for a benchmark set of 55 organic molecules. The second part is devoted to the Hight Performance Computing (HPC) aspects. The objective is to make possible and/or facilitate the deployment of very large-scale simulations. From the point of view of the developer it includes: The use of original programming paradigms, single-core optimization process, massively parallel calculations on grids (supercomputer and Cloud), development of collaborative tools , etc - and from the user's point of view: Improved code installation, management of the input/output parameters, GUI, interfacing with other codes, etc
Llored, Jean-Pierre. "Chimie, chimie quantique et concept d'émergence : étude d'une mise en relation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00922954.
Full textTurinici, Gabriel. "Contrôle et simulations numériques en chimie quantique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377193.
Full textLe, Bris Claude. "Quelques problemes mathematiques en chimie quantique moleculaire." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPXX0017.
Full textBarbaroux, Jean-Marie. "Modèles mathématiques de la chimie quantique atomique & dynamique quantique et spectre multifractal." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010385.
Full textLoos, Pierre-François. "Développement d'une méthode de chimie quantique mêlant plusieurs niveaux de théorie : applications à l'étude des états électroniques de macromolécules." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10020/document.
Full textOver the last decade, hybrid QM/MM methods combining Quantum Mechanics (QM) and Molecular Mechanics (MM) methods have proven to be particularly suitable for studying chemical and biological systems. They have permitted to tackle a wide range of phenomena which take place in macromolecular systems. However, special care is needed from a technical and theoretical point of view, and many developments have to be done to reach the level of accuracy that is required to study chemical or biochemical phenomena. In order to reach such goals, several theoretical and methodological developments are in constant improvement: (i) the QM/MM frontier is still a "hot topic" and a prolific research area. (ii) highly correlated methods (post-HF) are compulsory to attain the desired details of description of the chemical mechanisms. In this thesis, we present the Local Self-Consistent Field (LSCF) method. A special emphasis is given to the methodological developments. Within this method, the junction between the QM and the MM parts is described by means of a localized orbitals. We show that it allows the rigorous treatment of a wide range of chemical properties, such as core ionizations and the UV-vis spectra of azobenzene molecule grafted on polypeptides. Moreover, we present some theoretical developments: the Coupled-Perturbed Hartree-Fock equations are derived within the LSCF framework.The main steps that lead to the determination of the MP2 gradients are also given
Hliwa, Mohamed. "Traitement simplifié des interactions moléculaires en chimie quantique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614319s.
Full textHliwa, Mohamed. "Traitement simplifie des interactions moleculaires en chimie quantique." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30038.
Full textEhrlacher, Virginie, and Virginie Ehrlacher. "Quelques modèles mathématiques en chimie quantique et propagation d'incertitudes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719466.
Full textEhrlacher, Virginie. "Quelques modèles mathématiques en chimie quantique et propagation d'incertitudes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1073/document.
Full textThe contributions of this thesis work are two fold. The first part deals with the study of local defects in crystalline materials. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of the main models used in quantum chemistry for electronic structure calculations. In Chapter 2, an exact variational model for the description of local defects in a periodic crystal in the framework of the Thomas-Fermi-von Weisz"acker theory is presented. It is justified by means of thermodynamic limit arguments. In particular, it is proved that the defects modeled within this theory are necessarily neutrally charged. Chapters 3 and 4 are concerned with the so-called spectral pollution phenomenon. Indeed, when an operator is discretized, spurious eigenvalues which do not belong to the spectrum of the initial operator may appear. In Chapter 3, we prove that standard Galerkin methods with finite elements discretization for the approximation of perturbed periodic Schrödinger operators are prone to spectral pollution. Besides, the eigenvectors associated with spurious eigenvalues can be characterized as surface states. It is possible to circumvent this problem by using augmented finite element spaces, constructed with the Wannier functions of the periodic unperturbed Schr"odinger operator. We also prove that the supercell method, which consists in imposing periodic boundary conditions on a large simulation domain containing the defect, does not produce spectral pollution. In Chapter 4, we give a priori error estimates for the supercell method. It is proved in particular that the rate of convergence of the method scales exponentiall with respect to the size of the supercell. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the study of greedy algorithms for the resolution of high-dimensional uncertainty quantification problems. Chapter 5 presents the most classical numerical methods used in the field of uncertainty quantification and an introduction to greedy algorithms. In Chapter 6, we prove that these algorithms can be applied to the minimization of strongly convex nonlinear energy functionals and that their convergence rate is exponential in the finite-dimensional case. We illustrate these results on obstacle problems with uncertainty via penalized formulations
Audouze, Christophe. "Méthodes performantes d'approximations de solutions en chimie quantique moléculaire." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112336.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three chapters dealing with problems derived from molecular quantum chemsitry. Ln the first chapter, we propose a theorem of decomposition for a wave function associated with 2N fermions in multiconfigurations framework. We get a relatively optimal development in term of configurations and an energy error estimate according to the previous decomposition. The second chapter is devoted to the research of numerous eigenstates in parallel for the Kohn-Sham madel which computes N orthonormal wave functions and owes a O(N^3) complexity. We propose a new parallel algorithm based on a spectral partitionning of an energy band which is to be determined. We calculate independently clusters of eigenvalues with local orthogonalizations. We give a partitionning criterium of the energy band adapted to the kind of eigenvalue algorithm used. In collaboration with the CEA, this method should lead to an algorithm of complexity O(N^2) in the ABINIT project. The third chapter presents a new way to attack the eigenproblem by considering gradient flows to minimize a functional with constraints. We create adapted flows to the linear and non linear eigenproblems, corresponding respectively to the non self-consistent diagonalization in chemistry and to the Hartree-Fock energy minimization without the self-consistance. A theoretical survey allows to propose preconditionned versions of these flows. Finally, we treat a molecule subjected to a constant electric field
Duflot, Denis. "Etude ab initio du radical éthynyl et de la fragmentation du dication éthyne." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10048.
Full textDubillard, Sébastien Saue Trond. "La chimie des éléments lourds une étude par des méthodes de chimie quantique relativiste /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000970.
Full textDubillard, Sébastien. "La chimie des éléments lourds : Une étude par des méthodes de chimie quantique relativiste." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/DUBILLARD_Sebastien_2008.pdf.
Full textThe scope of this thesis in theoretical chemistry is the study of heavy elements by relativistic quantum chemistry methods. This work is organized in two parts: the analysis of the chemical bond and the study of the excited states. The calculations presented here were carried out in the 4-component framework (Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian) using several methods: Configuration Interaction Singles and Doubles (CISD), Fock-Space Coupled Cluster (FSCC), Time-Dependant Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). These methods were applied to the study of the geometry of the actinyls (ThO2, PaO2+ et UO22+) and the heavy homologues of water (H2Te, H2Po et H2eka-Po), then to the calculation of the excited states of americyl (AmO2q+, q =2, 3 et 4) and of thorium monoxide (ThO and ThO+)
Lespes, Nicolas. "Étude quantique des interfaces électrochimiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS176.
Full textThe electrochemical phenomena are increasingly present in our daily lives: they are at the heart of the batteries of our computers, our phones, in batteries (fuels), etc ... The objective of this thesis is to better understand metal-solvent interfaces involved levels of these systems (fuel cell, Li-ion batteries ...). However if they are heavily studied experimentally both in academic and industrial laboratories, understanding at the atomic scale is still imperfect. The aim of this thesis is to improve understanding of the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode and its modification with the potential applied using ab initio calculations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT).For this simulation using electrochemical methods using specific theoretical approaches of developed surfaces and interfaces in the laboratory, we primarily interested in a ruthenium-water interface. Ruthenium is a metal that creates strong interactions with water: water is then undissociated or partially dissociated on this surface under the conditions of study. Thus, starting from the apparent contradictions between experimental results present in the literature, we have studied more than a dozen water phase on ruthenium, we extract the phase diagram based on potential, temperature, and taking into account the strong isotope effect present in these systems. Comparison of our calculated results with the experimental results allowed us to rationalize the observations and provide answers on the cause of the giant isotope effect associated with the dissociation of water on ruthenium.In a second step we are interested in a lithium-solvent interface (ethylene carbonate) present in the Li-metal batteries. Unlike the previous study of metal-water interface we are interested in modeling the surface and the liquid electrolyte. The modeling of the liquid solvent is more complex than a single layer of solid water adsorbed on the surface, so we used a method of implicit solvation that we had to adapt our electrochemical calculations. We also modeled explicitly solvent molecules to overcome the limitations of the implicit model and include the effects of the first solvation sphere. Our model of mixed implicit solvation / explicitly allowed us to study the electrochemical surface reorganization process, Li + reduction as well as hysteresis / Li surface nucleation
Joubert, Doriol Loïc. "Contrôle de la photochimie du benzopyrane : élaboration d’une stratégie théorique couplant chimie quantique et dynamique quantique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20169/document.
Full textThe focus of this thesis is the ring opening of spiropyrans (SP), and how these molecules can be used as photoswitches controlled with laser pulses. We have built a theoretical model to study this photochemical reaction and develop strategies for control.SP exhibit nonadiabatic effects, and therefore, their modelling requires a quantum description for both the electrons and the nuclei. The multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) approach is ideal in this case because it can treat quantum dynamics involving several electronic states. MCTDH was successfully applied to electronic spectra calculations of systems showing strong nonadiabatic effects. However, the corresponding potential energy surfaces (PES) for this approach are required first. These applications are based on a local vibronic coupling model of the PES in the neighbourhood of the Franck-Condon (FC) point.As opposed to calculating photoabsorption spectra that often involves short timescales and small deformations around the FC geometry, simulating photochemical reactions requires an adequate representation of large-amplitude motions. Thus, this model must be made more flexible.Normal modes, usually used for the standard model, are not adapted to large-amplitude deformations. We thus chose to run MCTDH in curvilinear coordinates and recast systematically the model in terms of polyspherical coordinates to produce a separable form for the nuclear kinetic energy.Even if only the ground and the first excited electronic states are involved in the process, their dominant electronic configurations may change significantly along large-amplitude motions. We have developed a general approach based on a systematic analysis of a few ab initio data to generate the best set of diabatic states for a given problem.Preliminary results applied to benzopyran (the chromophore of the SP) showed good agreement with the experiments
DEVEMY, JEROME. "Implantation d'un programme de chimie quantique par ordinateurs massivement paralleles et applications en chimie argonometallique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13031.
Full textSalomon, Julien. "Contrôle en chimie quantique : conception et analyse de schémas d'optimisation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066354.
Full textLinguerri, Roberto. "Theoretical study of boron, silicon-carbon and sulphur tetratomic clusters." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0320.
Full textCordova, Lozano Felipe. "Photochimie à partir de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10156.
Full textQuantum chemical methods are today important tools for predictions of electronic structure and energetics of molecules, for providing the interpretation of ail kinds of spectroscopic experiments, and as a conceptual model of fundamental importance for the understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms in certain processes. Ln the sa me sense, photochemistry has been considered an important subject in chemistry. At the present time thanks to the development of theoretical methodologies for analyzing both ground and excited states would seem possible to have inexpensive alternatives to better understand or modelling photochemical process. Ln this manner Density-Functional Theory (DFT) has emerged as the method of choice for the ground state for the solution of many chemical problems due to principally to its applicability and accuracy. For excited states, time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), which is an extension of DFT has become one of the most prominent and most widely used approaches for the calculation of excited-state properties of molecular systems, for example, excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and excited-state geometries. However, the widespread standard computational methods have inherent drawbacks that seriously limit their usefulness. This is the subject of this thesis, to evaluate the implementation, applicability and validity of TDDFT using different approximations and in different situations
Côte, Isabelle. "Etude théorique de la photophysique et de la photochimie de composés de coordination." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/BRUAND_Isabelle_2002.pdf.
Full textToulouse, Julien. "Développements méthodologiques en chimie quantique : méthodes de Monte Carlo quantique et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851489.
Full textTurinici, Gabriel. "Analyse des méthodes numériques de simulation et contrôle en chimie quantique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377187.
Full textDroin-Oger, Marie-Dominique. "La théorie des orbitales moléculaires et l'émergence de la chimie quantique." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21013.
Full textThe concept of molecular orbital, which stems from molecular spectroscopy in the end of the 1920ies, eventually turned to be used to describe molecular structure and reactivity in the field of a new subject matter, i. E. Quantum chemistry. We organized our investigations in order to adress two major issues : how did the shift from molecular spectroscopy to molecular orbitals take place ? How did molecular orbitals lead to quantum chemistry ? Our study enabled us to show that the molecular orbitals theory emerged at the research crossroads of multi-origin theoricians and experimenters whose skills applied to mathematics, physics as well as chemistry. The history of molecular orbitals theory is that of a network in which the researchers had a more or less hard time trying to find their way in. These people - sort of " hybrids " between chemists, physicists, and mathematicians - who developped the quantum theories of the chemical bond, turned out to be the pioneers of quanrum chemistry
Parisel, Olivier. "Du methylene au coronene : methodologies de chimie quantique et applications astrophysiques." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112364.
Full textTurinici, Gabriel. "Analyse de methodes numeriques de simulation et controle en chimie quantique." Paris 6, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377187.
Full textLinarès, Mathieu. "Résonances : une approche en schéma de liaison." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30057.
Full textThe concept of resonance between Lewis structures is a corner stone in chemistry. This picture of the electronic delocalization allows, for example, to rationalize regioselectivities usually observed. It is well known that quantum calculations allow to obtain thermodynamic information by molecular orbital theory. However, Lewis structure resonance and molecular orbital theory are somehow disconnected because on the one hand resonance between Lewis structures is described qualitatively, hence miss numerical precision, and on the other hand the traditional quantum methods do not allow to describe the structures of a resonance, hence miss chimical readability. We propose in this thesis a method that aims at making a bridge between these two visions by establishing a wave function whose each term is in direct correspondence with a Lewis structure and includes the resonance between them. This wave function integrates the left-right correlation in each bond as well as some of the dynamic correlation. We considered with this method various resonant systems like allyls cation, radical and anion; resonant hydrogen bonds ; and metal - ligand bonds. Our results are consistent with those of reference methods such as Coupled Cluster, Breathing Orbital Valence Bond, and Natural Resonance Theory
Chakir, Rachida. "Contribution à l'analyse numérique de quelques problèmes en chimie quantique et mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459149.
Full textLaurent, Philippe. "Méthodes d'accéleration pour la résolution numérique en électrolocation et en chimie quantique." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0122/document.
Full textThis thesis tackle two different topics.We first design and analyze algorithms related to the electrical sense for applications in robotics. We consider in particular the method of reflections, which allows, like the Schwartz method, to solve linear problems using simpler sub-problems. These ones are obtained by decomposing the boundaries of the original problem. We give proofs of convergence and applications. In order to implement an electrolocation simulator of the direct problem in an autonomous robot, we build a reduced basis method devoted to electrolocation problems. In this way, we obtain algorithms which satisfy the constraints of limited memory and time resources. The second topic is an inverse problem in quantum chemistry. Here, we want to determine some features of a quantum system. To this aim, the system is ligthed by a known and fixed Laser field. In this framework, the data of the inverse problem are the states before and after the Laser lighting. A local existence result is given, together with numerical methods for the solving
Fischer, Patrick. "Ondelettes et analyse de Fourier dans l'étude d'un problème de chimie quantique." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090042.
Full textZeggari, Slimane. "Apport des méthodes de chimie quantique à la spectroscopie des ions radicaux." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-204.pdf.
Full textCalborean, Adrian. "Modélisation par la chimie quantique des systèmes hybrides pour des mémoires moléculaires." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10166.
Full textThe general context ofthis work is the development ofnew electronic devices that utilize charge storage properties of redox-active molecules for memory applications. A collaborative approach involving both fundamental research in our laboratory and applied research teams from the CEAILETI has lead to the design of hybrid systems for molecular memories. Monolayers of redox-active molecules are formed on the semiconductor Si surface and the stable charged states of the molecules are utilized to store information. Our purpose was to understand the main parameters (molecule, )jnker) which govern the charge transfer between semiconducting Si surface and redox molecules and the electrical behaviour of such systems. The main objective ofthis thesis has thus been to develop Density Functional Theory approaches to describe the electronic properties of redox-active molecules and hybrid systems for the purpose of information storage. The first axis was dedicated to the modeling of redox processes of molecules such as metalloporphyrins with bistability properties. The second part was devoted to the study of redox-active molecules grafted on Si surface. Due to the hybrid nature of the latter systems, two approaches were developed. One was based on a molecular description, using Si aggregates in place of a Si surface, yielding a molecular orbital description of sorne relevant features: Homo-Lumo gaps, charge localization or structural properties. The other approach was focused on periodical calculations, with molecules grafted on 'infinite' Si surface. The resulting DOS were compared to molecular results, and discussed in the light of experimental data on electrical properties
Destandau-Léonard, Céline. "Calculs ab-initio de données spectroscopiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0081.
Full textJarid, Abdellah. "Etude quantique de dérivés fluorés et oxyfluorés du Ruthenium." Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3013.
Full textRota, Jean-Baptiste. "Description ab initio de propriétés magnétiques d'édifices d'architectures variées à base de radicaux verdazyles." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0567.
Full textMolecular magnetism lies at the frontier of theory and experiments. Synthetised magnetic objects find applications in information storage and miniaturization of existing systems. This domain calls for rationalisation to optimise the properties of the designed objects and to prepare systems with ever more amazing behaviour. Recently, the metal – radical approach has opened a new route breaking the metal-centered vision of molecular magnetism. Different materials have been considered, considering a pure organic structure or an association of the radical with a d or f metal. However, few theoretical studies have been performed on these objects. Thus, we felt that futher inspection should be carried out. Using wavefunction theory, this PhD work focuses on three original families of magnetic compounds. Results show that the verdazyl radical is very efficient to build magnetic compounds holding controlled properties. The versatile electronic structure gives birth to intriguing magnetic mechanisms which are affected to the substituant structures. The verdazyl substituant can be seen as a magnetic « modulateur ». Finally, we show that the verdazyl radical could be used for the synthesis of organic spin-crossover compounds
Camou, Jean-Marc. "La photooximation du cyclododécane dans le chloroforme. : Réactivité du trichloronitrosométhane." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3039.
Full textJardillier, Nicolas. "Etude DFT de sites cationiques de la zéolithe CuIY : développement et méthodologie : OCECP et DFTB." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20091.
Full textY Faujasite type zeolites with a Si/Al ratio higher than 1 are not rigorously periodic although they are globally organized. As a consequence and from the fact that these systems are very large, a cluster approach was used to model the local active sites of the zeolite. The results of modelling by quantum calculations (Density Functional Theory, DFT) of the cation sites of zeolites CuIY and NaY, show that only sites I, I' and II are occupied. In this approach, the sizes of the model as well as the atoms saturating the dangling bonds are paramount factors. A possible improvement of the description of the edges of the clusters is the use of pseudo-atoms, “OCECP” (Capping Electron Core Potential), obtained by a genetic algorithm. The clusters saturated by the OCECP have the advantage of introducing charges closer to the real solid. A second method, SCC-DFTB (semi-empirical method), based on a strategy of pre-optimization of big systems allows a saving in computing time and brings an additional tool for the study of materials. The development of these two methods, useful for studies by a cluster approach of big size systems in the field of zeolites (or other nanostructured materials), falls under the evolution that modelling follows to be useful for the experiment, in particular by constituting a perspective towards DFT/DFTB calculations types
Oueslati, Ichraf. "Etude théorique de la formation catalytique de petites molécules sur des modèles de grains interstellaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066074.
Full textMolecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the Universe. It was recognized long ago that the formation of molecular hydrogen most likely occurs on dust grains. Theoretical studies have focused on H2 formation mainly on model graphite surfaces and very recently on polycrystalline and amorphous foresterite [010]. It is within this framework that lies our study addressing the molecular hydrogen formation on new models of siliceous and silicateous surfaces. First, we studied the abstraction reaction by atomic hydrogen from tetramethylsilane in the gas phase. We used accurate methods of quantum chemistry based on the second-order perturbation theory and on the coupled clusters method. The KIEs and SKIEs were highlighted. CVT/SCT correction was applied to compute the reaction kinetics for a wide temperature range (180-2000 K). Given the importance of the quantum tunnelling effects at low temperatures, we investigated state-selected dynamics using quantum dynamics calculations. In order to achieve this purpose, a two-dimensional potential energy surface in the hyperspherical coordinates representation was built. Quantum calculations were performed using a reduced dimensionality approach applied to this collinear reactive collision problem. The comparison with the experimental results, performed within a temperature range between 425 and 570 K, shows a reasonable agreement.The H2 formation on nanosilicates, prototypes of silicate surfaces, was investigated. Using DFT, we identified physisorption and chemisorption sites for hydrogen atoms, then studied the diffusion of physisorbed hydrogen on the nanoclusters and calculated the energy properties and the activation energies for H2 recombination and desorption into the gas phase. Amorphous/porous grains with forsteritic composition tend to dissociate H2 and that the more crystalline/compact silicate grains would tend to catalyse H2 formation
Fischer, Dominique. "Enseignement assiste par ordinateur : conception d'un logiciel d'assistance aux travaux diriges de chimie en deug." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13147.
Full textCord, Maximilien. "Modélisation de la chimie de la combustion des alcanes et des alcènes à basse température par des approches de chimie quantique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0199/document.
Full textDetailed chemical kinetic models for the low-temperature combustion of fuels involve a large number of species and reactions. Automatic generation of kinetic mechanisms is a powerful tool to deal with this complexity. These softwares are based on correlations that predict thermodynamic (enthalpies of formation, entropies and heat capacities) and kinetic (rate constants) properties associated with species and reactions. However, these correlations are generally based on a limited number of reference data. In this work, we used a method involving quantum chemistry to develop new correlations for EXGAS, a software for the automatic generation of kinetic mechanisms. For thermodynamic data, new Benson groups associated with hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl functions were evaluated. Bond dissociation energies of C-H bonds and O-H bonds of these groups were also evaluated. For the kinetic data, we focused our study on the isomerization reactions of alkylperoxyl and hydroxyalkylperoxyl radicals, and on the reactions of formation of cyclic ethers. We also studied the impact of some rules of globalization and introduced new reactions to account for the formation of minor combustion products usualy neglected or imperfectly predicted by the current models. The results obtained have been introduced into detailed chemical mechanisms generated by EXGAS. These mechanisms were used to simulate the combustion of propane and n-butane at low temperatures. The results of these simulations were compared with recent experimental results to validate the calculations. The simulations showed that taking into account the new correlations and the modifications of the rules of globalization in the mechanisms improved the prediction of some minor pollutants that can have major health and environmental impacts
Boutahir, Driss. "Étude théorique de la structure et de la réactivité des réactifs de Grignard." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10054.
Full textVarmenot, Nicolas. "Processus d'oxydation des sulfures organiques par le radical hydroxyle : influence du groupement S-acétyle." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05S019.
Full textFerré, Nicolas. "Développements de la méthode LSCF "ab initio" et d'un champ de forces hydride QM/MM/Madelung pour l'étude de la réactivité dans les zéolithes." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0170_FERRE.pdf.
Full textThe understanding of the chemical reactivity catalyzed by zeolites needs theoretical models that take account of their features: size, periodicity, chemical defects, acidic sites. A quantum mechanis/molecular mechanics hybrid model is proposed: the reaction center is treated with quantum mechanics, the close environment is represented by a classical force-field, these two parts interacting with the Madelung potential of the rest of the solid. The major features are: theoretical development of the ab initio Local Self Consistent Field method ; the coupling with a classical force-field and the parameterization of the QM/MM force-field ; the development of an electrostatic operator. This method was checked and validated on various chemical systems (little molecules, proteins, zeolites). We also calculated core electron ionization potentials with a great accuracy
Darrigan, Clovis. "Calcul quantique de susceptibilités électriques dans les solides cristallins." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3029.
Full textSurpateanu, Georgiana Vergoten Gérard. "Structure et réactivité d'ylures de triazolium applications à la synthèse des dérivés isoindoliques /." [S.l.] : [S.n.], 2000. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2000-418-419.pdf.
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