Journal articles on the topic 'Logical MS/MS'
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Snyder, Dalton T., Lucas J. Szalwinski, J. Mitchell Wells, and R. Graham Cooks. "Logical MS/MS scans: a new set of operations for tandem mass spectrometry." Analyst 143, no. 22 (2018): 5438–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an01661e.
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Mottier, Nicolas, Florent Jeanneret, and Michel Rotach. "Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke by LC/MS/MS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.3.1032.
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Abstract An LC/MS/MS method is presented for the determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke. Cyanide is derivatized with 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde and taurine to form a benzo[f]isoindole derivative, which is then analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Isotopic KCN (K13C15N) was used as an internal standard. The regression equation was linear within the range 2.4331 ng/mL for cyanide with a correlation coefficient >0.999. The LOD was calculated as 4.1 ng/cigarette. The influence of the sodium hydroxide trapping solution concentration on the results is discussed. A 1 M solution showed the best results in terms of sample stability and trapping efficiency. The method proved to be robust, reliable, and more selective than current methods, making it a logical choice for determination of total cyanide in cigarette smoke.
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Chajda, Ivan, and Helmut Länger. "Logical and algebraic properties of generalized orthomodular posets." Mathematica Slovaca 72, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2022-0018.
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Abstract Generalized orthomodular posets were introduced recently by D. Fazio, A. Ledda and the first author of the present paper in order to establish a useful tool for studying the logic of quantum mechanics. They investigated structural properties of these posets. In the present paper, we study logical and algebraic properties of these posets. In particular, we investigate conditions under which they can be converted into operator residuated structures. Further, we study their representation by means of algebras (directoids) with everywhere defined operations. We prove congruence properties for the class of algebras assigned to generalized orthomodular posets and, in particular, for a subvariety of this class determined by a simple identity. Finally, in contrast to the fact that the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of an orthomodular poset need not be an orthomodular lattice, we show that the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of a stronger version of a generalized orthomodular poset is nearly an orthomodular lattice.
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Nathoo, Nabeela, V. Wee Yong, and Jeff F. Dunn. "Using magnetic resonance imaging in animal models to guide drug development in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 20, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513512709.
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Major advances are taking place in the development of therapeutics for multiple sclerosis (MS), with a move past traditional immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapies toward medications aimed at promoting remyelination or neuroprotection. With an increase in diversity of MS therapies comes the need to assess the effectiveness of such therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the main tools used to evaluate the effectiveness of MS therapeutics in clinical trials. As all new therapeutics for MS are tested in animal models first, it is logical that MRI be incorporated into preclinical studies assessing therapeutics. Here, we review key papers showing how MR imaging has been combined with a range of animal models to evaluate potential therapeutics for MS. We also advise on how to maximize the potential for incorporating MRI into preclinical studies evaluating possible therapeutics for MS, which should improve the likelihood of discovering new medications for the condition.
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Pitt, David, Chih Hung Lo, Susan A. Gauthier, Richard A. Hickman, Erin Longbrake, Laura M. Airas, Yang Mao-Draayer, et al. "Toward Precision Phenotyping of Multiple Sclerosis." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 9, no. 6 (August 30, 2022): e200025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000200025.
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The classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established by Lublin in 1996 and revised in 2013. The revision includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting, primary progressive and secondary progressive MS, and has added activity (i.e., formation of white matter lesions or clinical relapses) as a qualifier. This allows for the distinction between active and nonactive progression, which has been shown to be of clinical importance. We propose that a logical extension of this classification is the incorporation of additional key pathological processes, such as chronic perilesional inflammation, neuroaxonal degeneration, and remyelination. This will distinguish MS phenotypes that may present as clinically identical but are driven by different combinations of pathological processes. A more precise description of MS phenotypes will improve prognostication and personalized care as well as clinical trial design. Thus, our proposal provides an expanded framework for conceptualizing MS and for guiding development of biomarkers for monitoring activity along the main pathological axes in MS.
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Horda, Iryna M., and Leonid O. Flehantov. "КОМП’ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ МЕХАНІЧНОГО РУХУ ТІЛА ЗАСОБАМИ MS EXCEL." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 47, no. 3 (June 6, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v47i3.1245.
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The mathematical model of body motion is analyzed, thrown at the angle to the horizon in a gravitational field and its computer realization with the help of MS Excel means. The recommended technique allows during laboratory work analyze mechanical body motion, carry out calculable experiments, changing the outgoing model parameters such as initial posture, location purposes, geometric dimensions of ball and basket, initial velocity and angle, and also acceleration of gravity; explore the mechanical motion in hypothetical conditions that are difficult to implement in practice. Using this technique promotes logical thinking development of students, motivation to learn the subject, interest, better learning of basic theoretical positions, skills forming of research activity.
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Estrada-López, Mar, Sheila García-Martín, and Isabel Cantón-Mayo. "Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: Educational Level as a Protective Factor." Neurology International 13, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13030034.
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Most people with MS experience cognitive deficits especially in attention, memory, information processing, and executive functions, negatively impacting on their quality of life. Cognitive variables of short-term memory, logical memory, and verbal fluency in 65 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were analysed in conjunction with sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, and educational level that might influence disease progression. We found that psychoeducational variables exerted a significant effect on the cognitive status of patients with MS. Thus, when considering sex, age, educational level, and type of MS (SPMS or RRMS), tests for between-subject effects revealed statistically significant differences in all three cognitive variables. In addition, we found that the type of MS and time since onset also generated significant cognitive differences. Our study shows that educational achievement or level is a protective factor against the disease, acting as a source of intellectual enrichment that promotes cognitive reserve in patients with MS. Further longitudinal studies assessing disease progression and prognosis in patients with MS would be useful in order to determine the specific importance of these variables in such patients and in strategies that could enhance their performance in neuropsychological assessment tasks.
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Han, Guo Zheng. "Harmonization of Feeder Terminal Unit Information Model Based on IEC 61850 and IEC 61968/61970." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1787.
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The feeder terminal unit (FTU) is a kind of distribution remote terminal unit along distribution feeders and communication with master stations (MS) in control centre. IEC 61970/61968/61850 are three important standard for smart grid. IEC 61850 logical nodes are used for FTUs information model, and IEC 61970/61968 common information model (CIM) are using in MS. To realizing seamless access FTUs to MS, harmonization of IEC 61850 and IEC 61968/61970 are studied. The status information (such as position of switch) and measurement information (such as current, voltage) are realizing mapping from IEC 61850 to IEC 61968/61970. So, the seamless communication between the master station and FTU is realized.
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Gruen, Margaret E., B. Duncan X. Lascelles, Elizabeth Colleran, Alison Gottlieb, Jennifer Johnson, Peter Lotsikas, Denis Marcellin-Little, and Bonnie Wright. "2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 58, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-7292.
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ABSTRACT These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients. Recognizing pain is fundamental to successful treatment, and diagnostic guides and algorithms are included for assessment of both acute and chronic pain. Particularly for chronic pain, capturing owner evaluation is important, and pain-assessment instruments for pet owners are described. Expert consensus emphasizes proactive, preemptive pain management rather than a reactive, “damage control” approach. The guidelines discuss treatment options centered on preemptive, multimodal analgesic therapies. There is an extensive variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapeutic options for the management of acute and chronic pain in cats and dogs. The guidelines include a tiered decision tree that prioritizes the use of the most efficacious therapeutic modalities for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Ghafarpour, Amin, Farhad Khormali, William Balsam, Alireza Karimi, and Shamsollah Ayoubi. "Climatic interpretation of loess-paleosol sequences at Mobarakabad and Aghband, Northern Iran." Quaternary Research 86, no. 1 (July 2016): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033589400039740.
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AbstractLoess accumulation and paleosol formation are important Quaternary geoarchives in northern Iran. Two loess-paleosol sequences at Mobarakabad and Aghband were examined using soil morphology and micromorphology, mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility (MS), free Fe oxides and calcium carbonate equivalent. The loess-paleosol sequences provide a record of changes in paleo-rainfall in the northern Iran. Micromorphological and MS differences between the loess and paleosols in the sections reflect changes in climate. The different behaviors of magnetic susceptibility between Aghband and Mobar-akabad loess are mainly produced by their different pedogenic environments, topography and climatic conditions. As a result, the MS at the Mobarakabad section is much higher than at Aghband. Paleoeco-logical reconstructions coupled with magnetic depletion in paleosols at Mobarakabad suggest a wetter climate dominating during the formation of the paleosols.
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Schrijver, Hans M., Jaco van As, J. Bart A. Crusius, Christien D. Dijkstra, and Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag. "Interleukin (IL)-1 gene polymorphisms: relevance of disease severity associated alleles with IL-1β and IL-1ra production in multiple sclerosis." Mediators of Inflammation 12, no. 2 (2003): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0962933031000097691.
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Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder, with a considerable genetic influence on susceptibility and disease course. Cytokines play an important role in MS pathophysiology, and genes encoding various cytokines are logical candidates to assess possible associations with MS susceptibility and disease course. We previously reported an association of a combination of polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-1Band IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL−1RN)genes (i.e.IL−1RNallele2+/IL−1B+3959allele 2−) with disease severity in MS. Extending this observation, we investigated whether IL-1β and IL-1ra production differed depending on carriership of this gene combination.Methods:Twenty MS patients and 20 controls were selected based upon carriership of the specific combination. In whole blood,in vitroIL-1β and IL-1ra production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay after 6 and 24 h of stimulation with lipopolysaccharide.Results:Carriers of the specific combination produced more IL-1ra, especially in MS patients, although not significantly. IL-1ra production was significantly higher in individuals homozygous forIL−1RNallele 2. In patients, Il-1ra production was higher and IL-1β production lower compared with controls. In primary progressive patients, the IL-1β /IL-1ra ratio was significantly lower than in relapsing-remitting patients.Conclusion:Our results suggest higher in vitro IL-1ra production in carriers ofIL−1RNallele 2, with an indication of an allelic dose-effect relationship.
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Cox, Ben C., and Isaac L. Howard. "Evaluation of Marshall Stability Design Principles: Applied to Cold In-Place Recycling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (July 28, 2018): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781389.
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The objective of this paper is to document limitations and robustness issues with Marshall stability (MS) testing for cold in-place recycling (CIR) mix designs. This paper focuses efforts on MS because many departments of transportation are using this test for CIR design, and the data presented in this paper supports abandonment for any type of CIR mix design. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength data is used throughout the paper for benchmarking, as both tests are used in various capacities for in-place recycling designs. Portland cement and asphalt emulsion binders were assessed in this paper. In comparison with UCS design curves with cement, MS results for emulsion were not as rational and often did not respond to emulsion content changes in a logical manner. MS repeatability was poor for the materials evaluated in this paper. Replicate design curves ranged from all points below a design threshold (i.e., all emulsion dosage levels failed to meet the design criteria) to all points above a design threshold (i.e., all emulsion dosage levels successfully met the design criteria). The typical minimum MS criteria (5.56 kN) was exceeded without any emulsion for specimens oven conditioned for 2 h at 40°C. A notable limitation of the data presented in this paper was that retained MS (i.e., assessment of moisture conditioning effects) was not performed comprehensively throughout the work.
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Satoh, Jun-ichi, Tamako Misawa, Hiroko Tabunoki, and Takashi Yamamura. "Molecular Network Analysis of T-Cell Transcriptome Suggests Aberrant Regulation of Gene Expression by NF-κB As a Biomarker for Relapse of Multiple Sclerosis." Disease Markers 25, no. 1 (2008): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/824640.
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Molecular mechanisms responsible for acute relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS) remain currently unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the relapse-specific biomarker genes in T lymphocytes of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Total RNA of CD3+T cells isolated from six RRMS patients taken at the peak of acute relapse and at the point of complete remission was processed for DNA microarray analysis. We identified a set of 43 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between acute relapse and complete remission. By using 43 DEG as a discriminator, hierarchical clustering separated the cluster of relapse from that of remission. The molecular network of 43 DEG investigated by KeyMolnet, a bioinformatics tool for analyzing molecular interaction on the curated knowledge database, showed the most significant relationship with aberrant regulation of gene expression by the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in T cells during MS relapse. These results support the logical hypothesis that NF-κB plays a central role in triggering molecular events in T cells responsible for induction of acute relapse of MS, and suggest that aberrant gene regulation by NF-κB on T-cell transcriptome might serve as a molecular biomarker for monitoring the clinical disease activity of MS.
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Panou, Theodora, Vasileios Mastorodemos, Efrosyni Papadaki, Panagiotis G. Simos, and Andreas Plaitakis. "Early Signs of Memory Impairment among Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome." Behavioural Neurology 25, no. 4 (2012): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/105471.
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The study investigates primary and secondary verbal memory and motor/executive functions (response inhibition and strategy shifting ability) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). We studied 44 CIS patients and compared them to 49 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RR-MS) displaying mild disability and to a large cohort of age- and education level-matched healthy volunteers (n= 230). Results showed that both CIS and RR-MS patients evidenced a disproportionate impairment in the immediate and delayed recall of the second (as compared to the first) of two short narratives of the Logical Memory WMS-III subtest, and reduced performance on the Memory for Digits-Forward. Performance of either group on the executive tasks was not impaired, showing evidence of a reversed speed-accuracy trade-off. Illness duration emerged as a significant predictor of memory and executive task performance. Clinical, psychoemotional, and brain imaging findings were also examined as potential correlates of memory deficits and disease progression among CIS patients. These findings may signify early-onset decline of specific cognitive functions in CIS, which merits regular follow-up assessments and monitoring of psychoemotional adaptation and everyday functioning.
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Zhang, Xi. "Seven perspectives on GPCR H/D-exchange proteomics methods." F1000Research 6 (January 30, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10667.1.
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Recent research shows surging interest to visualize human G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dynamic structures using the bottom-up H/D-exchange (HDX) proteomics technology. This opinion article clarifies critical technical nuances and logical thinking behind the GPCR HDX proteomics method, to help scientists overcome cross-discipline pitfalls, and understand and reproduce the protocol at high quality. The 2010 89% HDX structural coverage of GPCR was achieved with both structural and analytical rigor. This article emphasizes systematically considering membrane protein structure stability and compatibility with chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) throughout the pipeline, including the effects of metal ions, zero-detergent shock, and freeze-thaws on HDX result rigor. This article proposes to view bottom-up HDX as two steps to guide choices of detergent buffers and chromatography settings: (I) protein HDX labeling in native buffers, and (II) peptide-centric analysis of HDX labels, which applies (a) bottom-up MS/MS to construct peptide matrix and (b) HDX MS to locate and quantify H/D labels. The detergent-low-TCEP digestion method demystified the challenge of HDX-grade GPCR digestion. GPCR HDX proteomics is a structural approach, thus its choice of experimental conditions should let structure lead and digestion follow, not the opposite.
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Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca, Eileen Gallagher, Monika Baier, Lydia Green, Joan Feichter, Kara Patrick, Colleen Miller, Kathleen Wrest, and Murali Ramanathan. "Risk of bone loss in men with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 10, no. 2 (April 2004): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458504ms993oa.
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Context: O steoporosis and the increased fracture risk associated with osteoporosis become apparent in men appro ximately 10 years later than women. However, in recent studies, appro ximately 20% of healthy men in the age range 55-64 years were found to be osteopenic. Emerging data suggest a significantly increased prevalence of osteoporosis in men and women with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to age-matched controls, but no specific clinical testing recommendations are available for men. Objective: To determine the proportion of male MS patients with osteoporosis and to identify the factors associated with the reduction in bone mass. Design: C onsecutive male MS patients seen at our MS clinic were screened with dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for determining the bone mineral density (BMD). A ll patients had neurological Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) evaluation. The results were compared to healthy age-matched male reference population using the Z score and to a cohort of women MS patients and women controls. C alcium, total testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 25-hydro xy-vitamin-D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were evaluated in male patients with decreased BMD. Relevant data on body mass index (BMI), medicatio n, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sexual dysfunction were recorded. Setting: Academic MS C entre. Patients and other participants: Forty consecutive male MS patients, age mean 51.2±8.7 years, and mean EDSS of 5.8±1.9 were evaluated with DEXA scan. O f these, 17.5% patients were relapsing - remitting (RR) MS, 57.5% were secondary progressive (SP) MS and 25% were primary progressive (PP) MS. Main outcome measure: Proportion of male MS patients with reduced BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Results: Thirty-two (80%) of our patients had a reduced bone mass of either lumbar spine or the femoral neck; of these 17 patients (42.5%) had osteopenia and 15 patients (37.5%) had osteoporosis. Twenty-o ne per cent (eight out of 38 patients) had vertebral, rib or extremities fractures. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the EDSS (P B-0.0001) and BMI (P =0.0004) were the important factors associated with low BMD at the femoral neck and the EDSS was the important factor (P =0.0017) associated with low BMD at the lumbar spine. The same factors emerged as significantly associated with the corresponding Z scores, which are corrected for age and sex. No clear association between intravenous steroid therapy and BMD was evident in the multivariate analysis. Low levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D were seen in 37.5% of patients. Conclusions: The proportion of male MS patients with reduced bone mass is high and disproportionate to their age and ambulation, consistent with an association between the MS disease process and patho logical bone loss. Increased awareness and bone density screening of male and female MS patients over 40 years of age is warranted.
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Dorninger, Dietmar. "Identifying quantum logics by numerical events." Mathematica Slovaca 70, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0329.
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AbstractLet S be a set of states of a physical system and let p(s) be the probability of an occurrence of an event when the system is in the state s ∈ S. The function p from S to [0, 1] is called a numerical event, multidimensional probability or, alternatively, S-probability. Given a set of numerical events which has been obtained by measurements and not supposing any knowledge of the logical structure of the events that appear in the physical system, the question arises which kind of logic is inherent to the system under consideration. In particular, does one deal with a classical situation or a quantum one?In this survey several answers are presented. Starting by associating sets of numerical events to quantum logics we study structures that arise when S-probabilities are partially ordered by the order of functions and characterize those structures which indicate that one deals with a classical system. In particular, sequences of numerical events are considered that give rise to Bell-like inequalities. At the center of all studies there are so called algebras of S-probabilities, subsets of these and their generalizations. A crucial feature of these structures is that order theoretic properties can be expressed by the addition and subtraction of real functions entailing simplified algorithmic procedures.The study of numerical events and algebras of S-probabilities goes back to a cooperation of E. G. Beltrametti and M. J. Mączyński in 1991 and has since then resulted in a series of subsequent papers of physical interest the main results of which will be commented on and put in an appropriate context.
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West, Donna E. "Double consciousness to scaffold narrative skills." Chinese Semiotic Studies 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2021-0006.
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Abstract Determining the utility of auditory hallucinations (including imaginary friends) in developing logic is sorely under-investigated (Fernyhough, Charles. 2016. The voices within: The history and science of how we talk to ourselves. New York: Basic Books). The present account demonstrates how Peirce’s double consciousness fueled by his endoporeutic principle, provides insight into how abduction directs adopting arguments from one source while dismissing others. Peirce’s categories provide hints as to which voices become admitted to logical scrutiny, and which are validated – consequent to irritations imposed by surprise/conflict. Effort/resistance (4.536) clearly illustrates how Secondness legitimizes emerging perspectives, facilitating examination of peripheral voices, which can be competitive (MS 9) or collaborative (4.551). Peirce’s Energetic and Emotional Interpretants (MS 318) impel or inhibit new habits (attention to one stimulus over another). Consciously inhibiting forces hastens self-control (Thirdness) integrating voices on the fringes of conventionality into one’s own (MS 318). Ultimately, incorporating alterity via imagined arguments satisfies Peirce’s endoporeutic maxim because reflecting upon the legitimacy of alien perspectives transforms habits from the outside in.
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Dines, Ilya. "Mnemonic verses concerning animals and birds in Cambridge University Library, Ms Oo. Vii.48." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 32 (December 31, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.00038.din.
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Abstract This article is devoted to an essentially unknown fragment containing a collection of thirteenth-century mnemonic verses about animals and birds. It is a logical continuation of a study I published in 2010 in Reinardus about the entire corpus of mnemonic verses that appear in medieval Latin bestiaries. As the core of that investigation, I chose a late thirteenth-century English bestiary of the so-called Second Family (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 533). In that article I suggested that further research would likely uncover more such examples in non-bestiary manuscripts. This was confirmed in 2018 by a newly discovered fragment in Cambridge University Library, MS Oo.vii.48, containing the verses present in MS Bodley 533, and additional verses about animals and birds. Using this fragment, I put forward the idea that there was an established medieval tradition of collecting and keeping organized mnemonic verses devoted to animals and birds. I argue that finding these verses from bestiaries and other sources together in one fragment sheds light on the interrelations of bestiaries and other genres.
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Kuyumdzhiev, Ivan, and Radka Nacheva. "Correlation Between Storage Device and Backup and Restore Efficiency in MS SQL Server." Serdica Journal of Computing 13, no. 3-4 (February 4, 2020): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2019.13.139-154.
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The importance of the process of restoring a database requires precise examination of all factors that affect it. Considering the decline of the price of SSD and its better read and write speeds, it seems that this is the logical choice when reducing downtime is a primary concern for the organization. This paper categorizes storage devices in use as well as main backup types in MS SQL Server. Tests are conducted to evaluate the impact of the storage device on backup and restore efficiency. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to examine problems associated with selection of a storage device for efficient backup and restore in MS SQL Server. The conducted tests showed some surprising results regarding SSD's efficiency. The reason these findings are important is that they could be used as a guideline for choosing proper storage device for an organization's needs.
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Yelshin, V. A., and T. A. Yelshina. "ADOPTION OF OPERATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS ON BASIS OF APPLICATION OF MS EXCEL SPREADSHEETS." Issues of radio electronics, no. 12 (December 20, 2018): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-12-127-130.
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Process of planning of cash flows on defense industry enterprises by means of MS Excel spreadsheets is considered. The mechanism of scheduling of income, the plan of expenses and the budget of cash flow is described. It is revealed that for the solution of a number of economic and financial tasks it is expedient to use numerous opportunities of spreadsheets. It is shown that specialized software can not always consider all subtleties of financial activity of the enterprises therefore automation needs to be carried out taking into account specifics of the enterprises. The instrument of increase in efficiency of adoption of the operational administrative decisions based on existence of the qualitative administrative reporting is considered. Minimum necessary forms for drawing up the budget of cash flow which can be realized by means of MS Excel spreadsheets are given. Logical process of efficiency of control of cash flows for adoption of short and long-term administrative decisions is constructed.
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Openshaw, H., H. L. Atkins, J. T. Chen, P. RM de Bittencourt, L. M. Griffith, D. A. Kerr, S. A. Khoury, P. A. Muraro, R. A. Nash, and R. Saccardi. "Multiple sclerosis conference synopsis and discussion: cellular therapy for treatment of autoimmune diseases (October 2005)." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 12, no. 6 (November 2006): 824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506070943.
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At a conference held in October 2005, participants presented studies on high dose immunosuppression with hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for multiple sclerosis (MS), including neuroimmuno-logical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mechanistic approaches, clinical registry reports, and ongoing or newly-designed protocols. A discussion panel considered questions on how to define success, timing of controlled clinical trials, difficulty in patient recruitment, and future direction of high dose therapy.
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Amano, Kyoko. "The development of the uses of ha / ha vái / ha sma vái with or without the narrative perfect and language layers in the old Yajurveda-Saṁhitā texts." Lingua Posnaniensis 61, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2019-0011.
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Abstract It is well known that the perfect with the particle ha is used in the narrative sense in the younger Vedic prose. In the older Vedic prose, Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā (MS), Kāṭhaka-Saṁhitā (KS) and Taittirīya-Saṁhitā (TS), there is a certain distribution of past tense categories: the imperfect for the gods myths and the perfect for the past of the period of predecessors. It is supposed that the latter use of the perfect was extended to the area of the former use of the imperfect. In this paper, uses of the particle ha in the three Yajurveda-Saṁhitā texts will be examined. The results suggest that the different uses of ha characterize different language layers in these texts. The following points are of special interest: 1) ha and ha vái with the present verb often characterize a logical consequence derived from the context; hence, they mean “namely, in conclusion”. Many examples of this use are found in MS, but fewer in KS and TS. 2) ha sma ( ā́ ) with the present indicative indicates a repeated and habitual action in the past. In MS, it is almost always used with āha (functionally present) and indicates a ritual opinion of predecessors: “(A predecessor, i.e. Aruṇa Aupaveśi or Keśin Satyakāmi) used to say.” KS and TS have examples with verbs other than āha. 3) ha with the perfect hardly appears in MS, but KS and TS have many examples. 4) ha vai ... uvāca in KS corresponds to ha sma (vā́) āha in MS in the parallel passages. This may be the origin of the narrative use of the perfect. It may be concluded that the language of KS and that of TS are close to each other and that the language of MS has different features from them, even though it is generally supposed that MS and KS belonged to the same branch but TS to another. Moreover, linguistic innovations occurred not always gradually, but through certain innovative authors. This may provide a new perspective for clarifying the relations between the three texts and their process of composition.
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Seymour Fahmy, Melissa. "Understanding Kant’s Duty of Respect as a Duty of Virtue." Journal of Moral Philosophy 10, no. 6 (2013): 723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-4681006.
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In the Doctrine of Virtue Kant declares that “Only an end that is also a duty can be called a duty of virtue” (MS 6:383). In the same text Kant refers to the duty of respect for others as a duty of virtue. It follows that the duty of respect must correspond to some end that is also a duty. What is this end? This paper endeavors to answer this question. Though Kant explicitly identifies two obligatory ends—one’s own perfection and the happiness of others (MS 6:385)—neither is a good candidate for the end which corresponds to the duty of respect. This paper examines two plausible candidates—others’ humanity and others’ self-esteem—arguing that the latter is preferable insofar as it accords better with what Kant says about the vice of defamation, respecting others in the logical use of their reason, and respectful beneficence.
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Sandry, Joshua, and James F. Sumowski. "Working Memory Mediates the Relationship between Intellectual Enrichment and Long-Term Memory in Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Analysis of Cognitive Reserve." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 8 (July 14, 2014): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617714000630.
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AbstractSome individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) show decrements in long-term memory (LTM) while other individuals do not. The theory of cognitive reserve suggests that individuals with greater pre-morbid intellectual enrichment are protected from disease-related cognitive decline. How intellectual enrichment affords this benefit remains poorly understood. The present study tested an exploratory meditational hypothesis whereby working memory (WM) capacity may mediate the relationship between intellectual enrichment and verbal LTM decline in MS. Intellectual enrichment, verbal LTM, and WM capacity were estimated with the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, delayed recall of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Logical Memory of the Wechsler Memory Scale, and Digit Span Total, respectively. Intellectual enrichment predicted LTM (B=.54;p=.003) and predicted WM capacity (B=.91;p<.001). WM capacity predicted LTM, (B=.44;p<.001) and fully mediated the relationship between intellectual enrichment (B=.24;p=.27) and LTM (B=.33,p=.03), Sobel test,Z=3.31,p<.001. These findings implicate WM capacity as an underlying mechanism of cognitive reserve and are an initial first step in understanding the relationship between intellectual enrichment, WM, and LTM in MS. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–5)
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Perin, Guilherme, Daniel Gomes Mesquita, and João Baptista Martins. "Montgomery Modular Multiplication on Reconfigurable Hardware: Systolic versus Multiplexed Implementation." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/127147.
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This paper describes a comparison of two Montgomery modular multiplication architectures: a systolic and a multiplexed. Both implementations target FPGA devices. The modular multiplication is employed in modular exponentiation processes, which are the most important operations of some public-key cryptographic algorithms, including the most popular of them, the RSA. The proposed systolic architecture presents a high-radix implementation with a one-dimensional array of Processing Elements. The multiplexed implementation is a new alternative and is composed of multiplier blocks in parallel with the new simplified Processing Elements, and it provides a pipelined operation mode. We compare thetime×areaefficiency for both architectures as well as an RSA application. The systolic implementation can run the 1024 bits RSA decryption process in just 3.23 ms, and the multiplexed architecture executes the same operation in 4.36 ms, but the second approach saves up to 28% of logical resources. These results are competitive with the state-of-the-art performance.
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Hubalovsky, Stepan, and Josef Šedivý. "Algorithm Development and Computer Simulation of Color Decoding of Mastermind Board Game." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1349.
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Mastermind is code-breaking board game whose principle is to find as fast as possible the guess pattern of code pegs in color and position based on feedback realized by key pegs. The game is targeted at development of logical thinking. The process of the decoding can be realized also using computer. Mathematical analysis, strategy solution, algorithm development of solution and computer simulation program in MS Excel of decoding of the color regardless of the position ordering are shown in the paper.
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Hubalovsky, Stepan, and Josef Šedivý. "Algorithm Development and Computer Simulation of Position Order Decoding of Mastermind Board Game." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1353.
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Mastermind is code-breaking board game whose principle is to find as fast as possible the guess pattern of code pegs in color and position based on feedback realized by key pegs. The game is targeted at development of logical thinking. The process of the decoding can be realized also using computer. Mathematical analysis, strategy solution, algorithm development of solution and computer simulation program in MS Excel of decoding of the position order of already found and disordered colored pegs are shown in the paper.
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Li, Dong Jiang, and Yong Sheng Wang. "Model Designing and Simulation Realization of ARC Protection System Based on GOOSE." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2533.
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This paper presents a model designing and simulation realization of arc protection system based on GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) .It is proposed to fully use the logical node GGIO (Generic Input and Output) of IEC61850 in the modeling of intelligent electronic devices. The real-time data (data of arc intensity and loop circuit) are transferred by GOOSE message with time delay less than 4 ms. GOOSE message communications mechanism is introduced. Winpcap development packet is selected and the simulation program is written to transmit and capture the GOOSE messages.
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Gouron, André. "A twelfth century Scottish treatise : the ordo 'Ulpianus de edendo'." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 78, no. 1-2 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181910x487297.
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AbstractThe treatise on procedure Ulpianus de edendo was written between 1168 and 1185. Its author was a Scottish churchman who also made the formulary, given by the ms. London, Brit. Libr., Harley 2355, for a lawyer in a case of a pars ecclesiae. The work borrows from Placentinus' Summa Codicis, but not by purely mechanical ways. Its style is clear, always logical, and often axiomatic, far from Bolognese traditions. The glosses, as furnished by several manuscripts, support the hypothesis of influences of the Ulpianus among English writings, maybe from the Lincoln school.
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Rodgers Halliday Okobi, Elsie. "Book Review: Managing Copyright in Higher Education: A Guidebook." Library Resources & Technical Services 59, no. 4 (September 24, 2015): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.59n4.203.
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The author of Managing Copyright in Higher Education is uniquely qualified to tackle this topic. With a Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) degree from Suffolk University Law School in Boston and a Master of Library Science (MLS) degree from University of Maryland College Park, Ms. Ferullo is the Director of the University Copyright Office at Purdue University, where she advises the University on copyright compliance issues. This book demonstrates Ms. Ferullo’s mastery of the legal and library science aspects of copyright; the book’s organization also shows her extensive knowledge of her audience and their copyright information needs. The text begins with an “introduction to intellectual property” and “copyright basics;” “the university culture;” followed by chapters on the role and establishment of a copyright office within the university; and concludes with chapters focusing on copyright services to librarians, faculty, administration and staff, and students. The organization of the book provides a logical progression of copyright issues in higher education in a straightforward style that can be readily understood by the novice and appreciated by the expert.
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Iancheva, Dessislava, Anastasiya Trenova, Stefka Mantarova, and Kiril Terziyski. "Structural and Functional MRI Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis Related Cognitive Dysfunction." Folia Medica 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0031.
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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that is prevalent in young adults and therefore with significant social impact. Cognitive impairment occurs in 40% to 70% of patients with MS and has a weak correlation with disease duration. Neuropsycho-logical assessment is a standard method in the detection of cognitive dysfunction. However, in order to understand the etiology and evolution of cognitive dysfunction, several elaborate magnetic resonance techniques have been developed. Their aim is to measure structural changes in the CNS that are considered main substrates in cognitive function such as whole brain and gray matter atrophy, cortical lesions and changes in subcortical gray matter. Evidence shows that the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis are complex interactions between tissue damage, tissue repair and cortical reorganization. In order to study this heterogeneity, structural magnetic resonance analysis of brain morphology and functional magnetic resonance imaging are essential. This review summarizes current techniques in structural MRI and the value of functional MRI in understanding the link between cognitive deficit and cortical activation and reorganization.
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Katz, Lauren, Alessandra Tata, Michael Woolman, and Arash Zarrine-Afsar. "Lipid Profiling in Cancer Diagnosis with Hand-Held Ambient Mass Spectrometry Probes: Addressing the Late-Stage Performance Concerns." Metabolites 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11100660.
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Untargeted lipid fingerprinting with hand-held ambient mass spectrometry (MS) probes without chromatographic separation has shown promise in the rapid characterization of cancers. As human cancers present significant molecular heterogeneities, careful molecular modeling and data validation strategies are required to minimize late-stage performance variations of these models across a large population. This review utilizes parallels from the pitfalls of conventional protein biomarkers in reaching bedside utility and provides recommendations for robust modeling as well as validation strategies that could enable the next logical steps in large scale assessment of the utility of ambient MS profiling for cancer diagnosis. Six recommendations are provided that range from careful initial determination of clinical added value to moving beyond just statistical associations to validate lipid involvements in disease processes mechanistically. Further guidelines for careful selection of suitable samples to capture expected and unexpected intragroup variance are provided and discussed in the context of demographic heterogeneities in the lipidome, further influenced by lifestyle factors, diet, and potential intersect with cancer lipid pathways probed in ambient mass spectrometry profiling studies.
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Sanjabi, Mercedeh, and Ali Jahanian. "Analytical design of multi-threshold and high fan-in DNA-based logical sensors to profile the pattern of MS microRNAs." Biomedical Engineering Letters 11, no. 2 (May 2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13534-021-00186-9.
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Mausen, Yves. "La logique de la preuve dans la littérature bartoliste Quelques explications à partir de la Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol. 101 ra – 103 rb)." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 76, no. 3-4 (2008): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181908x336864.
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Abstract The logic of evidence in Bartolistic literature, A reading of the Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol.101 ra – 103 rb). – Bartolus teaches how to read testimonies from a logical point of view. On the one hand, the facts that the witness recounts constitute the minor premise of a syllogism, its conclusion being their legal characterization; therefore he is prohibited from pronouncing directly on any legal matter. On the other hand, given that the witness' knowledge of the facts has to stem from sensory perception, the information he provides has at least to constitute the minor premise of another syllogism, making for establishing the causa of his testimony.
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Svoboda, Petr, Jakub Rak, and Václav Lošek. "The design of a process for simplifying the insertion of a new scenario into the virtual simulator." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201048.
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The research presented in this article is focused on managing the process of inserting new scenario into the virtual simulator. The first part of the article defines the basic logical division of scenarios whilst the next part contains the design of a tool for MS Excel. The tool is used to simplify the addition of a scenario into the existing simulator by means of an automated SQL script generation and this article describes its functionality together with an algorithm of its usage. The conclusion deals with checking the functionality of the tool by running the resulting SQL script with the existing database and by checking that the loading of the database with new scenario is correct.
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Guo, Laigong, and Sitong Wu. "FPGA Implementation of a Real-Time Edge Detection System Based on an Improved Canny Algorithm." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020870.
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Canny edge detection is one of the most widely used edge detection algorithms due to its superior performance. However, it is a complex, time-consuming process and has a high hardware cost. To overcome these issues, an improved Canny algorithm is proposed in this paper. It uses the Sobel operator and approximation methods to calculate the gradient magnitude and direction for replacing complex operations with reduced hardware costs. Otsu’s algorithm is introduced to adaptively determine the image threshold. However, Otsu’s algorithm has division operations, and the division operation is complex and has low efficiency and slow speed. We introduce a logarithmic unit to turn the division into a subtraction operation that is easy to implement by hardware but does not affect the selection of the threshold. Experimental results show that the system can detect the edge of the image well without adjusting the threshold value when the external environment changes and requires only 1.231 ms to detect the edges of the 512 × 512 image when clocked at 50 MHz. Compared with existing FPGA implementations, our implementation uses the least amount of logical resources. Thus, it is more suitable for platforms that have limited logical resources.
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West, Donna E. "Index as scaffold to logical and final interpretants: Compulsive urges and modal submissions." Semiotica 2019, no. 228 (May 7, 2019): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0085.
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AbstractThis inquiry capitalizes on the relational character of Peirce’s index. Its evolution from object finder in the physical world, to enhancer of communication between minds, to modal/perspectival coordinator is examined. Its relational character organizes events into episodes, and obviates perspectival alterations in dialogic reasoning. This shift demonstrates Peirce’s last word regarding Index: a sign intrinsically dialogic, whose interpretants increase levels of consciousness, and advance communicational interaction by commanding self/others to believe/act in novel ways.Its power to coordinate specific, vivid images provides index with the means to suggest novel propositions, assertions, and arguments. Peirce memorializes this relational role by characterizing index as Dicisign, and afterward as Pheme (1904, CP 8.334–8.339; 1906, MS 295: 26; 1908, EP 2: 489–490). As truncated Argument, Index provides the catalyst for interpreters to determine the meaning of interpretants be they Energetic, Logical or Final. Its non-symbolic character provides interpreters the impetus to utilize inferencing powers to attach meanings, thus expanding kinds of interpretants. Index constitutes the most diverse semiotic tool for interpreters – it traces subtle deontic, epistemic, and logical shifts. In situating and resituating events in time, place, and participatedness, Index aptly measures actual and potential shifts in affect, attention, location, credibility, and the like.Ultimately, index integrates the logical with the phenomenological and the empirical with the semiotic – when it deploys relational operators to trace event templates and to predict participant’s perspectives. As such, interpreters restructure thought and action and recommend sound courses of action for diverse event participants.
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Abduh, Amirullah, Rosmaladewi Rosmaladewi, and Murni Mahmud. "Teaching Oral English In Indonesian EFL Contexts During Globalized Challenging Time." Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v5i1.18792.
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Abstract. This paper addresses the limited studies on Oral English (OE) worldwide and the absence of OE research publications from Indonesian contexts. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. This 6-month research project was undertaken in the Department of English Education at one of the public universities in Makassar, Indonesia. Out of 100 students, 30 student participants and 3 lecturers consented to engage voluntarily in the project. The data from questionnaires were analyzed via Ms. Excel's quantitative analysis thematically. The study indicates that students’ reflections on strategies of teaching OE: appropriate topic for presentation, logical sequence of presented information, and acknowledge the source of teaching materials. This study has the implication for the teaching of OE in other similar geographical contexts and settings and can be useful strategies for OE teachers and practitioners.Keywords: Perceptions, Students, Strategies, Teaching Oral English, EFL
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Pilch, Martin. "Frontverläufe in Wittgensteins Prototractatus." Wittgenstein-Studien 9, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 101–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/witt-2018-0008.
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Abstract:Wittgenstein’s finally published version of his Tractatus — his Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung — covers material and thoughts from the years 1913 to 1922. What, deeply inspired by Frege’s works, started as collaboration with Russell in Cambridge soon developed into an independent and critical position. Main parts of Wittgenstein’s early logical system were developed during his military service in First World War, so e. g. the formulations of his famous picture theory of proposition arise during his stay in Krakau and his service on the ship “Goplana” in autumn 1914. We partly can follow this development of Wittgenstein’s ideas by reading his war time notebooks. The most important document of this time is manuscript MS 104, which contains the so-called Prototractatus, which normally is seen as an early, but fairly complete version of the Tractatus. But in fact the manuscript contains much more interesting information about the actual formation of the Tractatus itself, when it is read as a kind of log book of the ongoing composition procedure. The actual order of the propositions differs considerably from the published order and enables us to follow the step by step integration of new propositions into the growing structure of the Tractatus. The paper will give a chronological outline and an overview about the surviving pre-Tractarian sources and their setup, and it will argue for a reading of MS 104 allowing a detailed reconstruction of the textual composition as well as serving at the same time as a basis for an interpretation of the war time notebooks.
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HACKER, P. M. S. "Davidson on the Ontology and Logical Form of Belief." Philosophy 73, no. 1 (January 1998): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819197000077.
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1. Belief and mental statesDavidson holds that intentional verbs occurring in the form ‘A Vs that p’ signify propositional attitudes. These are, he claims, (i) mental states (MS 160; KOM passim), and (ii) dispositions (FPA 103). Davidson does not conceive of himself as introducing a special technical sense of the common intentional verbs. He insists that ‘the mental states in question are beliefs, desires, intentions, and so on, as ordinarily conceived' (KOM 51f.). Consequently he contends that believing that p is a mental state, disposition or dispositional state. These ontological claims about the nature of belief inform his account of the logical form of belief sentences. I shall address the question of whether believing that p can justly be deemed a mental state, a disposition or dispositional state. Subsequently I shall examine Davidson's account of the logical form of belief sentences.Our concept of a mental state, like so many of the concepts which philosophers treat as categorial, is none too sharply defined. It has a respectable use, which can be described. But, like other such general psychological terms, e.g. ‘mental process’, ‘mental activity’, far from being the ‘hardest of the hard’ - a sharply circumscribed categorial term akin to a variable in a well-constructed formal system — it has blurred boundaries and is elastic. Like all our ordinary psychological concepts, it evolved in order to meet everyday needs. As Wittgenstein observed, ‘The concepts of psychology are just everyday concepts. They are not concepts newly fashioned by science for its own purposes, as are the concepts of physics and chemistry.’Although our ordinary concepts can be replaced by technical ones for specialized purposes, they cannot be abused without generating conceptual confusion and incoherence. If the expression ‘mental state’ is being employed in its ordinary sense, then it is wrong to hold that believing that p is to be in any mental state. If it is being employed in a special technical sense, then those who employ it thus owe us an account of what it means and how it is to be used. This Davidson and the many other philosophers who subscribe to the view that believing is a mental state have not done. Until such an account is forthcoming, one may presume that they think of themselves as deploying our ordinary concept of a mental state. And if so, I shall argue, they are misusing it.
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Seitakhmetova, Zh, S. Kumargazhanova, and L. Bobrov. "DESIGNING A TRANSITION SYSTEM TO PERSONALIZED LEARINING: ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE STAKEHOLDER SURVEY." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 76, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-4.1728-7901.28.
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The issue of the transition of schools in Kazakhstan to a personalized format of education using information technology in the context of a global pandemic is relevant and requires careful study. This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to the effective implementation of personalized learning in specialized schools for gifted students. As a method, we chose a real-time survey of stakeholders within the framework of a logical-structured approach. Data processing was carried out using the MS Forms software application. The surveys were aimed at obtaining the views of students, parents and teachers to confirm the real problems of introducing personalized learning in schools. The results of the study made it possible to identify the main five factors contributing to the implementation of software in the educational process of schools and can be taken into account in the process of developing a design system for the transition to personalized learning.
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Glantz, R. M., and H. B. Nudelman. "Interval coding and band-pass filtering at oculomotor synapses in crayfish." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.1.56.
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1. Crayfish exhibit steady-state compensatory eyestalk rotations in response to rotations of the organism or the visual surround. For stimuli in the vertical planes (pitch or roll) the visual reflexes are mediated by identified visual interneurons [sustaining fibers (SFs)], which synapse on identified oculomotor neurons (Mns) (18). 2. The optimal visual stimulus is broad-field intense illumination (simulated skylight) distributed over the dorsal half of the cornea. These stimuli are also optimal for eliciting a regular pacing discharge in SFs with dorsal receptive fields (17). Since a unique discharge pattern is associated with the reflex stimulus, we proposed that the pacing discharge interval encodes the stimulus condition and is optimal for driving the motoneuron discharge. 3. The cross-correlation of SF and Mn impulse trains exhibit large peaks (or troughs) at short latencies associated with strong excitatory (or inhibitory) interactions and “secondary effects” at longer delays associated with the periodicity of the Mn impulse train. The secondary peaks and troughs indicate delayed periods of elevated or depressed Mn excitability synchronized to the reference train (SF) events. From the structure of the cross-correlograms and the motoneuron autocorrelograms we predicted that the spike-to-spike synaptic throughput should be differentially sensitive to the various classes of SF interspike intervals. 4. The hypotheses were tested with logical-correlation functions that directly measure the relative synaptic efficacy of several classes of SF intervals during a continuous train at constant mean rate. The results indicate that the SF-to-Mn excitatory synapse is maximally driven by SF impulses separated by approximately 85 ms. These events are about 2.5 times as effective as the impulses associated with short intervals (less than 20 ms) and 1.4 times as effective as the spikes of long intervals (250 ms). The optimal interval in the various preparations is highly to correlated to the period of the Mn discharge and the SF modal interspike interval. Inhibitory synapses are also differentially sensitive to the SF interspike intervals, but they exhibit summation rather than depression in response to short interspike intervals. 5. These results are generally consistent with previously formulated relationships (39), which govern the synaptic modulation of pacemakers and may apply to any synaptic interaction in which the postsynaptic neuron exhibits a regular discharge. 6. Combinations of long and short intervals with the same mean rate as the optimal interval are not as effective in driving the SF-to-Mn synapse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Abedinimazraeh, Masoumeh, and Sepideh Kalatehjari. "In vitro regeneration of bulblet using two and four bulb-scales explants of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i2.2226.
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Abstract Leucojum aestivum is a valuable and endangered plant species with bulb scales best suited as explants in micropropagation. In the current study, its micropropagation was investigated by using two different explants and various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Bulbs were first disinfected with benomyl® for 5 hours. After meeting the chilling requirements, two-scale and four-scale explants were provided for direct and indirect organogenesis. Explants were exposed to hot water, 70% ethanol and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for further disinfestation. Four-scale explants were treated with different concentrations and combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA), and kinetin (Kin) for bulblet regeneration. For callogenesis, 0.5 mg L-1 of BA combined with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were applied. Regarding two-scale explants, different combinations and concentrations of BA, Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA were used for bulblet induction, and various combinations of Indoleacetic acid (IAA), NAA, 2, 4-D and BA were used for callus induction. None of the two-scale explants responded to the bulblet regeneration and callus induction media. Unlike, four-scale explants regenerated bulblets and roots in the control medium and MS media enriched with different PGRs. Callus was generated on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA, and indirect regeneration was observed in some cases. On the control medium, the regenerated roots had a natural form, but in PGRs-rich media, they were deformed. Regarding the regeneration percentage, bulblet number and length and root length, no significant differences were found between the control and the best PGR-treatment in each case. Therefore, it seems logical suggesting not to use PGRs, which will considerably reduce the costs at large-scale production.
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Zellmann, E., W. Probst, V. Seybold, and S. A. Hiller. "Automatic Recording of Low Dose Images with Slow-Scan CCD Cameras." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015592.
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Recording of images under low dose conditions is a rather critical operation including many intermediate steps. Moreover, there is not a single fully agreed protocol concerning low dose operation but several competing ones potentially including individual variations. In any case, however, there should be a very well defined sequence of steps which must not allow for any mistake. Therefore tailored individual automation is the only way to obtain reliable results with maximum throughput at the same time.Such automation requires the functional integration of a fully remote controllable digital TEM, a Slow-Scan camera with a high sensitivity, and an acquisition/remote control software providing macro capabilities dedicated to different logical cameras. These requirements are met by LEO (EF)TEMs, by the ProScan SSCCD 14 bit camera, and the analySIS software 3.0.Three different logical cameras have to be configured in the SIS image processing software. The first camera is defined for searching for suitable specimen areas. It operates with 5 MHz and 8 bit image depth providing 1k×1k field size and resolution. The exposure time should be as short as possible, e.g. 50 ms for each frame. Via a preprocessing macro image brightness and EM magnification are set to the appropriate values, the desired shutter is activated, and the viewing screen is lifted for the exposure. A second postprocessing macro blanks the beam and does additional settings when the camera is stopped.
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Roca, M., T. Torralva, F. Meli, M. Fiol, ML Calcagno, S. Carpintiero, G. De Pino, et al. "Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis correlate with changes in fronto-subcortical tracts." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 14, no. 3 (April 2008): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458507084270.
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Cognitive function and diffusion tensor imaging were assessed in a group of 12 patients with early relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (disease duration ≤3 years), and mild clinical disability (expanded disability status scale ≤2), as well as in 12 control subjects. Patients showed impairment in immediate logical memory and delayed recall with the Rey auditory verbal learning test. No significant differences in classical executive tests were observed. In contrast, differences were found for specific executive tests including IOWA Gambling Task, multiple errands test hospital version (MET) and Hotel Task, as well as in Paced-Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Significant correlation was found between PASAT performance and FA measures ( r = 0.64, P = 0.03), the apparent diffusion coefficients and the MET ( r = 0.72, P = 0.01), as well as in one subtask of Hotel ( r = -0.68, P = 0.02). Thus, executive deficits can best be appreciated at early stages of MS when a more specific battery of tests is used for patient evaluation. In this series, test failures observed correlated with changes in fronto-subcortical fiber tracts. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 364—369. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Momi, D., F. Neri, G. Coiro, C. Smeralda, D. Veniero, G. Sprugnoli, A. Rossi, A. Pascual-Leone, S. Rossi, and E. Santarnecchi. "Cognitive Enhancement via Network-Targeted Cortico-cortical Associative Brain Stimulation." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 1516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz182.
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Abstract Fluid intelligence (gf) represents a crucial component of human cognition, as it correlates with academic achievement, successful aging, and longevity. However, it has strong resilience against enhancement interventions, making the identification of gf enhancement approaches a key unmet goal of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we applied a spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)-inducing brain stimulation protocol, named cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (cc-PAS), to modulate gf in 29 healthy young subjects (13 females—mean ± standard deviation, 25.43 years ± 3.69), based on dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Pairs of neuronavigated TMS pulses (10-ms interval) were delivered over two frontoparietal nodes of the gf network, based on individual functional magnetic resonance imaging data and in accordance with cognitive models of information processing across the prefrontal and parietal lobe. cc-PAS enhanced accuracy at gf tasks, with parieto-frontal and fronto-parietal stimulation significantly increasing logical and relational reasoning, respectively. Results suggest the possibility of using SPTD-inducing TMS protocols to causally validate cognitive models by selectively engaging relevant networks and manipulating inter-regional temporal dynamics supporting specific cognitive functions.
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Naumoska, Aleksandra, Hari Dimeski, and Marina Stojanovska. "Using the escape room game-based approach in chemistry teaching." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc211228088n.
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In recent years, the Escape Room approach has been applied in teaching of various content. Aside from being enjoyable, the Escape Room activities actively involve all students in the class and promote their creative, critical and logical thinking, problem solving, communication and cooperation, as well as positive attitude towards the subject. To encourage the engagement and motivation of the ninth-grade students, the activities were developed regarding the Exothermic and endothermic reactions topic, through the use of Google Forms and Breakout Rooms option in MS Teams. The application of this approach helps students to master the teaching content in a more interesting way, encourages discussion and cooperation among students. 244 9th grade students from five primary schools participated in the research. Apart from encouraging engagement and motivation among students, one of the objectives of the research was to examine their opinions regarding the implemented Escape Room activities. For this purpose, Students? Motivation towards Science Learning (SMTSL) and Activity Perception Questionnaire (APQ-ER) instruments were implemented. Research results, positive atmosphere during the classes, and students? high satisfaction after completing the activities indicate numerous benefits of the implementation of Escape Room approach in chemistry teaching.
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Tovkai, O. A., O. E. Tretyak, and В. В. Kuts. "Algorithm for the diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolemia in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and their implementation in MS Excel environment." Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Surgery, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/cees-2022-1-31.
Full textAbstract:
Objective — to optimize the diagnosis of subclinical endogenous hypercortisolemia and develop a diagnostic algorithm in patients with adrenal incidentalomas based on the analysis of anamnestic, clinical, instrumental and laboratory studies. Materials and methods. The study of 310 patients operated for adrenal incidentalomas included a clinical assessment of the presence of components of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, dyslipidemia) and indicators of hormonal activity of adrenal glands (plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, daily cortisol excretion, cortisol levels after 1 mg dexamethasone suppressive test, aldosterone, renin levels). The examination was performed according to algorithm developed in accordance with the international clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome and recommendations for confirming autonomous cortisol production. To perform the analysis, patients were divided into groups according to the data of the pathohistological study after surgery: Group 1 included 244 patients (78.7 %) with hormonally active adenomas; Group 2 included 66 patients (21.3 %) who confirmed hormonally inactive formations. Laboratory tests included determination of cortisol, blood aldosterone with electrochemiluminescence analysis on an automatic analyzer immunoassay-photometer Cobas e411 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany); ACTH, plasma renin, cortisol in daily urine by enzyme immunoassay on an IEMs Reader MF&MULTISKAN device (ThermoLabsystems, Finland); MSCT NC (tomograph Toshiba Corporation, Japan). Pathomorphological examination of adrenal formations was performed by light microscopy. Statistical processing of the results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods (student's t-criterion, Mann-Whitney criterion, chi-square criterion, Fisher angular transformation, Spearman rank correlation, ROC analysis). When constructing the diagnostic algorithm, an inhomogeneous sequential Wald procedure was used. For data accumulation and processing, we used the MS Excel 2013 program and its appendices, as well as the statistical analysis program StatPlus Pro v. 7 (Analyst Soft Inc., USA, license No. 21735752). Results. Women prevailed in both groups. Comparative analysis proved a significant age difference: patients with hormonally active adenomas were older, most of these patients had hypertension (68.4 % vs. 36.4 %, p < 0.05) and DM2 — 27 % vs. 13.6 % (p < 0.05). Concomitant hyperaldosteronism was confirmed in 36 patients (22.5 %). There is a significant difference between the study groups in the indicators of lipid metabolism — cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. According to the results of ROC analysis, the test using a cortisol level of 1 mg — DST has a sensitivity of 90 %, specificity of 74 % with a limit level of 1.7 mcg/dL. The second most important screening test for confirming subclinical hypercortisolemia was ACTH — at the limit level ≤ 10 pg/ml, it had a sensitivity of 80 %, specificity of 56 %; the indicator of daily cortisol excretion had a sensitivity of 71 %, specificity of 82 %. Using the method based on the heterogeneous sequential Wald procedure, an integral model was developed to confirm or exclude hypercortisolemia in a patient with incidentaloma. The assessment included indicators that demonstrate the highest clinical and laboratory diagnostic quality — age, presence of hypertension, DM2, overweight, dyslipidemia and laboratory indicators that have the highest sensitivity and specificity — cortisol 1 mg DST, ACTH, daily cortisol excretion. To automate a sequential procedure, a spreadsheet has been created in the MS Excel program using built-in mathematical and logical functions, which significantly simplified the decision-making procedure. Conclusions. To confirm the presence of subclinical endogenous hypercortisolemia in a patient with one/two-sided adrenal incidentalomas, it is advisable to use an integral diagnostic algorithm, which includes the sum of anamnestic (age, gender), clinical (presence of hypertension, DM2) and laboratory (cortisol level 1 mg DST, ACTH, excretion of cortisol, glucose, cholesterol, LDL) indicators. The use of the developed diagnostic model makes it possible to confirm or exclude autonomous cortisol production in a patient with NC incidentaloma with a sensitivity of 94.9 % and a specificity of 83.3 %; the overall diagnostic effectiveness of the method (with 12 % of undefined diagnoses) is 84.9 %.
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West, Donna E. "The element of surprise in Peirce’s double consciousness paradigm." Semiotica 2021, no. 243 (October 20, 2021): 11–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2021-0122.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This account will demonstrate that the element of surprise is a fundamental device in establishing double consciousness regimes; it further shows how such dialogic paradigms foster abductive inferences by filtering out irrelevant percepts/antecedents. The account sets up Peirce’s Pheme to be the primary device which shocks interpreters’ sensibilities (CP 8.266, 1903) – starting them on a course to question conflicting principles between ego and non-ego (CP 5.53, 1903: CP 8.266). The natural disposition of surprise to instantaneously deliver insight into which antecedents are relevant to vital, anomalous consequences demonstrates its indispensability in generating logical and semiotic advances. For Peirce, vividness, as an element of surprise in Secondness, is largely responsible for the nuts and bolts of how surprise facilitates logic; its means to activate searches for plausible antecedents makes vividness the prime candidate. The success of vividness at turning the mind of interpreters to new ways of explaining the consequence largely hinges upon the external properties of the unexpected consequence – not merely objects’ instantaneity, but their striking characteristics, as well. Even though vividness is external (MS 645, 1909; cf. Atkins 2018: 198), it produces internal responses, in the form of a war against feelings (CP 8.330, 1904). In this way, double consciousness paradigms are initiated, which, in turn, call for hypothesis generation.