Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logical and ethical reasoning'
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Dias, M. G. "Logical reasoning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233533.
Full textLeevers, Hilary Janet. "Children's logical reasoning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362050.
Full textBerreby, Fiona. "Models of Ethical Reasoning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS137.
Full textThis thesis is part of the ANR eThicAa project, which has aimed to define moral autonomous agents, provide a formal representation of ethical conflicts and of their objects (within one artificial moral agent, between an artificial moral agent and the rules of the system it belongs to, between an artificial moral agent and a human operator, between several artificial moral agents), and design explanation algorithms for the human user. The particular focus of the thesis pertains to exploring ethical conflicts within a single agent, as well as designing explanation algorithms. The work presented here investigates the use of high-level action languages for designing such ethically constrained autonomous agents. It proposes a novel and modular logic-based framework for representing and reasoning over a variety of ethical theories, based on a modified version of the event calculus and implemented in Answer Set Programming. The ethical decision-making process is conceived of as a multi-step procedure captured by four types of interdependent models which allow the agent to represent situations, reason over accountability and make ethically informed choices. More precisely, an action model enables the agent to appraise its environment and the changes that take place in it, a causal model tracks agent responsibility, a model of the Good makes a claim about the intrinsic value of goals or events, and a model of the Right considers what an agent should do, or is most justified in doing, given the circumstances of its actions. The causalmodel plays a central role here, because it permits identifying some properties that causal relations assume and that determine how, as well as to what extent, we may ascribe ethical responsibility on their basis. The overarching ambition of the presented research is twofold. First, to allow the systematic representation of an unbounded number of ethical reasoning processes, through a framework that is adaptable and extensible by virtue of its designed hierarchisation and standard syntax. Second, to avoid the pitfall of some works in current computational ethics that too readily embed moralinformation within computational engines, thereby feeding agents with atomic answers that fail to truly represent underlying dynamics. We aim instead to comprehensively displace the burden of moral reasoning from the programmer to the program itself
Romo, Maria Susanna 1968. "Cultural differences in memory and logical reasoning." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291706.
Full textCarbin, Michael (Michael James). "Logical reasoning for approximate and unreliable computation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99813.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 343-350).
Improving program performance and resilience are long-standing goals. Traditional approaches include a variety of transformation, compilation, and runtime techniques that share the common property that the resulting program has the same semantics as the original program. However, researchers have recently proposed a variety of new techniques that set aside this traditional restriction and instead exploit opportunities to change the semantics of programs to improve performance and resilience. Techniques include skipping portions of a program's computation, selecting different implementations of program's subcomputations, executing programs on unreliable hardware, and synthesizing values to enable programs to skip or execute through otherwise fatal errors. A major barrier to the acceptance these techniques in both the broader research community and in industrial practice is the challenge that the resulting programs may exhibit behaviors that differ from that of the original program, potentially jeopardizing the program's resilience, safety, and accuracy. This thesis presents the first general programming systems for precisely verifying and reasoning about the programs that result from these techniques. This thesis presents a programming language and program logic for verifying worst-case properties of a transformed program. Specifically the framework, enables verifying that a transformed program satisfies important assertions about its safety (e.g., that it does not access invalid memory) and accuracy (e.g., that it returns a result within a bounded distance of that of the original program). This thesis also presents a programming language and automated analysis for verifying a program's quantitative reliability - the probability the transformed program returns the same result as the original program - when executed on unreliable hardware. The results of this thesis, which include programming languages, program logics, program analysis, and applications thereof, present the first steps toward reaping the benefits of changing the semantics of programs in a beneficial yet principled way.
by Michael James Carbin.
Ph. D.
Kouri, Teresa. "Logical Instrumentalism." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1472751856.
Full textRajaratnam, David Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Logical approximation and compilation for resource-bounded reasoning." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41296.
Full textBennett, Brandon. "Logical representations for automated reasoning about spatial relationships." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1271/.
Full textSwanson, Jacqueline V. (Jacqueline Viola). "Ethical Reasoning Among Baccalaureate Female Nursing Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332287/.
Full textGrimaud, Christel. "Logical modelling of reasoning and learning : a bio-inspired approach." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30026/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we take inspiration in cognitive sciences to address the issue of the logical modelling of reasoning and learning. Our main thrust is that to address these issues one should take inspiration in the way natural agents (i.e., humans and animals) actually proceed when they draw inferences and learn. Considering that reasoning incorporates a wide range of cognitive abilities, and that it would thus be unreasonable to hope to model the whole of human’s reasoning all at once, we focus here on a very basic kind of inferences that, we argue, can be considered as the primary core of reasoning in all brained animals. We identify a plausible underlying process for these inferences, first at the mental level of description and then at the neural level, and we develop a family of logical models that allow to simulate it. Then we tackle the issue of providing sets of rules to characterise the inference relations induced by these models. These rules are a by-product of the posited process, and should thus be seen as rules that, according to the model, result from the very functioning of brains. Finally we examine the learning processes attached to the considered inferences, and we show how to they can be modelled within our framework. To conclude we briefly discuss possible further developments of the framework, and in particular we give indications about how the modelling of some other cognitive abilities might be envisioned
Pardi, Beth Ann. "Logical reasoning: an examination of age, schooling, and gender differences." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407486118.
Full textRichmond, Kelly Ann. "Ethical Reasoning, Machiavellian Behavior, and Gender: The Impact on Accounting Students' Ethical Decision Making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27235.
Full textPh. D.
Boaheng, Paul B. "Skepticism and practical reasoning in Hume's ethical theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51302.pdf.
Full textDaniels, Dianne M. "Ethical Leadership And Moral Reasoning: An Empirical Investigation." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/25.
Full textShet, Vinay Damodar. "Bilattice based logical reasoning for automated visual surveillance and other applications." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6715.
Full textThesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Dean, Robyn K. "Sign language interpreters' ethical discourse and moral reasoning patterns." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3074.
Full textBrowning, Amanda. "The Impact of Culture on Accounting Students' Ethical Reasoning." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461147696.
Full textOljar, Elizabeth Ann. "Moral reasons and motivation : prospects for ethical externalism /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5704.
Full textVidela, Santiago. "Reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks with answer set programming." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7189/.
Full textDeciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks.
Nelson, Mark J. "Representing and reasoning about videogame mechanics for automated design support." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53875.
Full textColeman, Renita. "The effects of visuals on ethical reasoning : what's a picture worth to journalists making ethical choices? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025613.
Full textRyan, Patrice M. (Patrice Marie). "Revision of the Logical Reasoning Subtest of the California Test of Mental Maturity." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501061/.
Full textMays, III Larkey. "Perceptions of Business School Students About Character Development and Ethical Reasoning." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2219.
Full textCockerton-Turner, Tracey. "Child-computer interaction and the value of help facilities in promoting logical reasoning performance." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292509.
Full textMartín, Salguero Ana María. "Behavioral and neural correlates of logical inferences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671350.
Full textEl objetivo de esta tesis es el de explorar correlatos conductuales y neuropsicológicos de procesos deductivos básicos en bebés y adultos. Para ello diseñamos un tarea no verbal novedosa que consiste en la presentación de escenas que contienen una ambigüedad y puede ser resulta mediante la aplicación de una regla lógica básica (A o B, no A, entonces B). A través de varios estudios, identificamos respuestas oculomotoras asociadas a la realización de una inferencia lógica sustancialmente estables a lo largo del desarrollo, esto indica que algunas reglas lógicas pueden ser parte del núcleo de la cognición humana y ocurrir independientemente del lenguaje. Segundo, para aclarar la naturaleza de este proceso, realizamos estudios de imagen funcional para describir las areas cerebrales implicadas en procesos elementales de deducción no verbal. En adultos, un estudio basado en fMRI, mostró actividad en áreas prefrontales and occipitales asociada a los procesos de representación lógica, y actividad fronto-parietal asociada a la realización de inferencias lógicas, indicando que incluso el razonamiento no verbal está compuesto por una cascada de procesos de naturaleza diferente. Un estudio de fNIRS en bebés de 12 meses reveló un perfil de activación bilateral y más extendido en relación a los adultos, con respuestas oculomotoras que señalan el coste asociado a los dos componentes lógicos. Nuestros resultados muestran que el razonamiento no verbal es un proceso con múltiples componentes en gran medida similar a lo largo del desarrollo, quizá sometido a una reorganización neuronal desde la infancia a la edad adulta.
Ho, Ngoc Duc. "Resource-Bounded Reasoning about Knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-36935.
Full textOne of the principal goals of agent theories is to describe realistic, implementable agents, that is, those which have actually been constructed or are at least in principle implementable. That goal cannot be reached if the inherent resource-boundedness of agents is not treated correctly. Since the modal approach to epistemic logic is not suited to formalize resource-bounded reasoning, the issue of resource-boundedness remains one of the main foundational problems of any agent theory that is developed on the basis of modal epistemic logic. My work is an attempt to provide theories of agency with a more adequate epistemic foundation. It aims at developing theories of mental concepts that make much more realistic assumptions about agents than other theories. The guiding principle of my theory is that the capacities attributed to agents must be empirically verifiable, that is, it must be possible to construct artificial agents which satisfy the specifications determined by the theory. As a consequence, the unrealistic assumption that agents have unlimited reasoning capacities must be rejected. To achieve the goal of describing resource-bounded agents accurately, the cost of reasoning must be taken seriously. In the thesis I have developed a framework for modeling the relationship between knowledge, reasoning, and the availability of resources. I have argued that the correct form of an axiom for epistemic logic should be: if an agent knows all premises of a valid inference rule and if he performs the right reasoning, then he will know the conclusion as well. Because reasoning requires resources, it cannot be safely assumed that the agent can compute his knowledge if he does not have enough resources to perform the required reasoning. I have demonstrated that on the basis of that idea, the problems of traditional approaches can be avoided and rich epistemic logics can be developed which can account adequately for our intuitions about knowledge
Lewis, John Goddard. "Looking for life : the role of theo-ethical reasoning in Paul's religion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9eea823-a877-4926-8ed8-c47517b31646.
Full textStockton-Tillman, Karen J. "The Relationship of Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision Making Among IT Employees." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3543.
Full textThorne, Linda 1956. "The influence of social interaction on auditors' moral reasoning /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34471.
Full textEsterhuizen, H. L. "Linguistics + Mathematics = twins." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 7, Issue 1 :Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/379.
Full textLanguage and Mathematics are both so-called "tools" that are used by other disciplines to explain / describe phenomena in those disciplines, but they are scientific disciplines in their own right. Language is a system of symbols, but so is Mathematics. These symbols carry meaning or value. Both originate in the human mind and are then translated into messages of logic. What is important are the relationships between units that are inherent to both disciplines. In practicing the two disciplines, there are elements that correspond. These are a vocabulary, grammar, a community and meaning. Psycholinguists and psychologists are interested in the role that language might have in enabling other functions in the human cognitive repertoire. Some argue that language is a prerequisite for a whole range of intellectual activities, including mathematics. They claim that mathematical structures are, in a way, parasitic on the human linguistic faculty. Some evidence for the language: maths connection comes from neurology. Functional imaging studies of the brain show increased activation of the language areas as certain mathematical tasks / challenges are performed. Lesions to a certain part of the brain impair both the linguistic as well as the mathematical ability. We are looking at a fundamentally shared enterprise, a deeply interwoven development of numerical and linguistic aspects. This co-evolution of number concepts and number words suggests that it is no accident that the same species that possesses the language faculty as a unique trait, should also be the one that developed a systematic concept of number.
Loch-Dehbi, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Algebraic, logical and stochastic reasoning for the automatic prediction of 3d building structures / Sandra Loch-Dehbi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227990502/34.
Full textVidela, Santiago [Verfasser], and Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaub. "Reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks with answer set programming / Santiago Videla. Betreuer: Torsten Schaub." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058253263/34.
Full textBrennan, Sean Campbell. "Method in legal-ethical reasoning, the criminal lawyer's conscience, the client and the court." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53095.pdf.
Full textWilliamson, Stanley G. (Stanley Greer). "Ethical reasoning and risk propensity: a comparison of hospital and general industry senior executives." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332603/.
Full textRosa, Leandro Viana da. "Jogos lógicos no Ensino Fundamental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157534.
Full textThe present research has focused on the introduction of the logical games in the class. It aims to pin point difficulties presented by the students on the different styles of games proposed and a logical ratiocination is required to solve the tasks proposed. The benefits of the games along with the teaching and learning in the classroom was the goal. Additionally, the geometric segment of board games have been investigated and students used tools as ruler and compass to the construction of the boards presented. Therefore, the chosen researching methodology was the Case Study, according to Fiorentini e Lorenzato (2006), Ventura (2007) e Gil (2002). The theoretical referential is based on Works from Macedo (2007), Grando (2011), Skovsmose (2000), Huizinga (2000), Kishimoto (2006), Zuin (2001), along with the PCNs and others articles/books related to logical games and geometric constructions with a ruler and a compass. The activities were performed by a 9th grade group of the Elementary School in a Municipal School in Porto Alegre, in 2015. We showed in particular that is possible the insertion of these materials in order to be used as a sustenance tool on Mathematics Learning contributing positively to students formation. The data collected in the case study enabled the authentication of the proposal.
Stevenson, Stacy Elizabeth. "Double Effect: Measuring the Ethical Beliefs and Practices of Social Media Users." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1290021237.
Full textChaplin, Clifford John. "What is best for the patient : the ethical experiences, reasoning and decision making of nurses." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/what-is-best-for-the-patient--the-ethical-experiences-reasoning-and-decision-making-of-nurses(92467daf-7c72-4be3-8b5f-b0af491e8fac).html.
Full textVander, Wood Melissa Ann. "Actual and self-assessed performance on a logical reasoning task after a night of total or partial sleep deprivation." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211388594/.
Full textNguyen, Vinh Thi Kim. "Semantic Web Foundations for Representing, Reasoning, and Traversing Contextualized Knowledge Graphs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1516147861789615.
Full textSternäng, Li. "Ethical and normative reasoning on climate change : Conceptions and solutions among students in a Chinese context." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56033.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
Lu, Wei-Hsin. "Understanding the effect of computer-supported, case-based instruction on third-year medical students' ethical reasoning." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4658.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 20, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Crocker, Curtis J. "The Relationship between Community Service Hours and Ethical Reasoning Capabilities: An Empirical Study of Accounting Students." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/21.
Full textHowarth, Elizabeth. "New rationality principles in pure inductive logic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/new-rationality-principles-in-pure-inductive-logic(e23d028f-c3e9-47b1-a5a0-289027f4d97f).html.
Full textJansson, Lilian. "Ethical reasoning among experienced registered nurses in relation to communication with severely ill patients disclosing personal knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101292.
Full textDiss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 6 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
Schreiner, Martin. "Managing purchasing efficacy through reasoning : an action research on the impact of the TOC logical thinking processes to increase purchasing efficacy." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849842/.
Full textWhite, Judith Anne. "The role of individual characteristics and structures of social knowledge in ethical reasoning using an experiential learning framework." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056728836.
Full textAhn, Ki Yung. "The Nax Language: Unifying Functional Programming and Logical Reasoning in a Language based on Mendler-style Recursion Schemes and Term-indexed Types." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2088.
Full textPowell, Wardell Anthony. "The Effects of Emotive Reasoning on Secondary School Students' Decision-Making in the Context of Socioscientific Issues." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5385.
Full textRiechel, Morgan E. Kiper. "An investigation of relationships among school counselors' ethical professional identity development, moral reasoning, and attitudes toward confidentiality with minors." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154153.
Full textGottardis, L. "Deaf primary school children's achievement in mathematics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:13f90aa3-c27e-46e2-a6b6-3db04de3712f.
Full text