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1
Jiang, Yaozhi. "Dialectical Logic K-Model: A Mathematical Model for Machine." Journal of Mathematics Research 9, no. 6 (October 27, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v9n6p82.
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An axiom system for dialectical logic K-model which based on Kirchhoff energy-method is established by author in the paper. The author describes that subjective-laws is the mirror imagine reflected from objective-laws and defines that the three-step which named by sensation, abstraction and thinking in artificial intelligence. At same time, describes that axiom system for dialectical logic K-model, in which contains such as logic-variable energy conservation law, Mozi’s principle( mini-max principle) and forbidden law, etc. In the axiom system also contain such as a continuous true-value-function system valued on interval and the K-graph for logic-variable. And describes the giving value method by matrix based on K-graph satisfied Kirchhoff laws to the logic variable. The author describes simply the linear and nonlinear logic variable system. And describes simply the logic variable involved three-dimension Euclidean space and topology networks space separately. Dialectical logic K-model would supply an computation algorithm idea for machine so that the machine is able to think by dialectical logic method, thus an important information-treated method maybe the dialectical logic.
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Fu, Lihua, Dan Wang, and Jinyun Kuang. "Parametric Analysis of Flexible Logic Control Model." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/610186.
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Based on deep analysis about the essential relation between two input variables of normal two-dimensional fuzzy controller, we used universal combinatorial operation model to describe the logic relationship and gave a flexible logic control method to realize the effective control for complex system. In practical control application, how to determine the general correlation coefficient of flexible logic control model is a problem for further studies. First, the conventional universal combinatorial operation model has been limited in the interval[0,1]. Consequently, this paper studies a kind of universal combinatorial operation model based on the interval[a,b]. And some important theorems are given and proved, which provide a foundation for the flexible logic control method. For dealing reasonably with the complex relations of every factor in complex system, a kind of universal combinatorial operation model with unequal weights is put forward. Then, this paper has carried out the parametric analysis of flexible logic control model. And some research results have been given, which have important directive to determine the values of the general correlation coefficients in practical control application.
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Wang, Huan, Jie Ao Zhu, Xue Liu, and Jeffrey Zheng. "3D Visualization Model and Sample Implementation of 0-1 Function on Variant Logic." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.480.
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Random sequences generated by different logic functions play an important role in cryptography. The structure and the special properties of the logic function has been one of the most active areas of research. In order to study the random sequence and its related logic functions, many models have been established, and different advanced tools are applied to make complex data visualization. In this paper, sample logic functions are transferred into variant logic expressions to form a set of measurements. Using selected measurements, a 3D visual model is proposed. Selected 3D visual results are shown their intrinsic 3D spatial characteristics of relevant logic functions respectively.
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CHARALAMBIDIS, ANGELOS, ZOLTÁN ÉSIK, and PANOS RONDOGIANNIS. "Minimum Model Semantics for Extensional Higher-order Logic Programming with Negation." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 14, no. 4-5 (July 2014): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068414000313.
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AbstractExtensional higher-order logic programming has been introduced as a generalization of classical logic programming. An important characteristic of this paradigm is that it preserves all the well-known properties of traditional logic programming. In this paper we consider the semantics of negation in the context of the new paradigm. Using some recent results from non-monotonic fixed-point theory, we demonstrate that every higher-order logic program with negation has a unique minimum infinite-valued model. In this way we obtain the first purely model-theoretic semantics for negation in extensional higher-order logic programming. Using our approach, we resolve an old paradox that was introduced by W. W. Wadge in order to demonstrate the semantic difficulties of higher-order logic programming.
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Zunaidi, Achmad, and Kurniawan Santoso. "PENERAPAN LOGIC MODEL DAN PENGANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA DALAM PERATURAN PENGANGGARAN." Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v6i3.206.
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ABSTRACT
This study purposes to reveal the logic model in regulation, particularly in preparation Work and Budget Planning of Ministry/Agency (RKAKL). This paper builds logic model follows Knowlton, Lisa Wyatt., & Cynthia C. Phillips (2013). The result shows logic model Knowlton, Lisa Wyatt., & Cynthia C. Philips are reffered in broad outline but they difference in structure and terminology of logic model elements. This difference is important to know because it can affect the clarity of the logical relationship of input-activity-output-outcome-impact so that the final results of a program are achieved. This study captures the development of logic model in buget regulation on period 2010 – 2018.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan kajian ini mengungkap logic model dalam peraturan penganggaran, khususnya petunjuk penyusunan Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Kementerian Negara/Lembaga (RKAKL). Pengungkapan kajian ini menggunakan tahapan membangun logic model berdasarkan model Knowlton, Lisa Wyatt., & Cynthia C. Philips (2013). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa logic model Knowlton, Lisa Wyatt., & Cynthia C. Philips diacu sebagai gambaran besar saja tetapi ada perbedaan dalam struktur dan terminologi elemen-elemen logic model. Perbedaan tersebut penting diketahui karena dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejelasan hubungan kasualitas input-activity-output-outcomeimpact yang logis sehingga hasil akhir suatu program tercapai. Kajian ini merupakan upaya memotret perkembangan logic model dalam peraturan penganggaran tahun 2010-2018.
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Bezhanishvili, Nick, and Tim Henke. "A model-theoretic approach to descriptive general frames: the van Benthem characterization theorem." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 7 (August 26, 2020): 1331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa040.
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Abstract The celebrated van Benthem characterization theorem states that on Kripke structures modal logic is the bisimulation-invariant fragment of first-order logic. In this paper, we prove an analogue of the van Benthem characterization theorem for models based on descriptive general frames. This is an important class of general frames for which every modal logic is complete. These frames can be represented as Stone spaces equipped with a ‘continuous’ binary relation. The proof of our theorem generalizes Rosen’s proof of the van Benthem theorem for finite frames and uses as an essential technique a new notion of descriptive unravelling. We also develop a basic model theory for descriptive general frames and show that in many ways it behaves like the model theory of finite structures. In particular, we prove the failure of the compactness theorem, of the Beth definability theorem, of the Craig interpolation theorem and of the upward Löwenheim–Skolem theorem.1
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Ye, Ming. "Novel Protocol Model Design of Wireless Sensor Real-Time Control Network." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.741.
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Wireless sensor real-time control network is important construction part. With same Real-time system, this network need Real-time and reliability. Modern network mainly is Ethernet. This network speed is fast than the older, the simple protocol, the lower cost and integrate TCP/IP technique in the IT world. But because its self mechanism decide that it is a no-realtime network. This paper propose a novel wireless sensor real-time control network protocol model based on Ethernet hardware, including protocol logic, communication strategy logic, server logic, communication control logic and CMIB. At the same time, this paper introduce work flows and main function of main constructing part of this real-time protocol model.
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Zhu, Weijun, Changwei Feng, and Huanmei Wu. "Model Checking Temporal Logic Formulas Using Sticker Automata." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7941845.
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As an important complex problem, the temporal logic model checking problem is still far from being fully resolved under the circumstance of DNA computing, especially Computation Tree Logic (CTL), Interval Temporal Logic (ITL), and Projection Temporal Logic (PTL), because there is still a lack of approaches for DNA model checking. To address this challenge, a model checking method is proposed for checking the basic formulas in the above three temporal logic types with DNA molecules. First, one-type single-stranded DNA molecules are employed to encode the Finite State Automaton (FSA) model of the given basic formula so that a sticker automaton is obtained. On the other hand, other single-stranded DNA molecules are employed to encode the given system model so that the input strings of the sticker automaton are obtained. Next, a series of biochemical reactions are conducted between the above two types of single-stranded DNA molecules. It can then be decided whether the system satisfies the formula or not. As a result, we have developed a DNA-based approach for checking all the basic formulas of CTL, ITL, and PTL. The simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method.
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Hamasu, Claire, and Elizabeth Kelly. "The logic model: more than a planning tool." Performance Measurement and Metrics 18, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pmm-08-2017-0032.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe how the logic model can provide infrastructure for library programming from planning, tracking accomplishments, identifying where adjustments are required, to reporting outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The National Network of Libraries of Medicine, MidContinental Region has used the logic model since 2003 for planning and organizing its work. Its geographically dispersed librarians carry out six project initiatives. The logic model is used during planning to establish consensus on expectations and responsibilities. An online reporting tool, developed in 2004, tracks staff activities to the logic model. Quarterly reports for each project uses reporting tool data to determine whether the project is going along as planned or whether an intervention is required. At the end of the year, a final report assesses the achievement outcomes and indicators. Findings Writing a logic model is a study in semantics. It is important to be as specific as possible. Accurately defining terms saves puzzlement down the line on whether an activity was carried out as planned or an indicator was met. Measurable targets for each indicator encourage staff to continuously evaluate their activities and adjust their work to achieve the desired results. Writing realistic indicators is a process that improves with practice. Early in the program enthusiasm and the optimism of the librarian staff led to the indicators that were unrealistic within a one year timeframe. Practical implications The logic model accommodates the unforeseeable and helps evaluate whether an activity is worth doing. It is impossible to identify all future opportunities. The logic model runs from the visionary (goals) to the ordinary (activities). When the unexpected arises it can be evaluated on how closely it addresses goals and outcomes and can be tied to that goal or outcome when reporting. The integration of the logic model into the program is made more efficient with an online report system. Having a system that links staff work to the logic model facilitates analysis, decision making, and reporting. Originality/value The logic model is generally touted as a planning tool. This paper expands the use of the logic model as a tool for planning, tracking, and reporting.
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Chen, Zhen Zi, and Yi Chen. "A Customer Credit Visual Analytics Model Based on Markov Logic Networks." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1874.
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Customer credit evaluation is very important for customer relationship management in Enterprise Resource Planning. However, how to evaluate the customers’ credit is a complicated problem. In this paper, we present a Customer Credit Visual Analysis Model (CCVAM) that can be used to evaluate and classify the credibility of new customers according to the historical data about past customers. The model is based on Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) that combines probability and first-order logic with a weight attached to each formula. In this model, the basic rules or indexes based on expert knowledge are transformed into the representation of normal form. Then MLNs is obtained by combining first-order logic and probabilistic graphical models of the rules. After acquiring the weights attached to the rules in a first-order logic knowledge base, the model provides an interface for visualize the corresponding relationships among the rules and weights. The model has been applied to grade clients’ credit degree in an international enterprise and achieved anticipative results. This model can also be used in other areas where level evaluation is required.
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Karaşahin, Mustafa, and Serdal Terzi. "PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT BASED ON THE FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH." TRANSPORT 29, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.893926.
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Accurate pavement performance estimation is very important for the managing and maintaining of surface transportation infrastructure. In the present study, a new model for the prediction of present and future performance of flexible pavements is developed using the fuzzy logic approach. The database of the model is able to use numerical measurements and also linguistic statements. Many models developed in the literature neglect the parameters that have little bearing on performance. However, it is a well known fact that these parameters do have an effect on performance to some degree. Different parameters were considered in the model as accepted by the authorities, and as having little bearing on performance. For each parameter, a certain weight was appointed, and the parameters that affected performance were assigned greater weights while the others were assigned smaller weights. As a result, the current model in the fuzzy logic approach is more flexible than the current Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) models. The model is different from previous fuzzy logic based models. Two stages of the fuzzy logic approach were used in these models. Since this new methodology does not need any mechanical tests, the model can be adopted by the Pavement Management System (PMS) of developing countries.
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Diaconescu, Răzvan. "Completeness of category-based equational deduction." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000621.
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Equational deduction is generalised within a category-based abstract model theory framework, and proved complete under a hypothesis of quantifier projectivity, using a semantic treatment that regards quantifiers as models rather than variables, and valuations as model morphisms rather than functions. Applications include many- and order-sorted (conditional) equational logics, Horn clause logic, equational deduction modulo a theory, constraint logics, and more, as well as any possible combination among them. In the cases of equational deduction modulo a theory and of constraint logic the completeness result is new. One important consequence is an abstract version of Herbrand's Theorem, which provides an abstract model theoretic foundation for equational and constraint logic programming.
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Zhou, Beihai. "Grafted frames and S1 -completeness." Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, no. 3 (September 1999): 1324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586633.
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AbstractA grafted frame is a new kind of frame which combines a modal frame and some relevance frames. A grafted model consists of a grafted frame and a truth-value assignment. In this paper, the grafted frame and the grafted model are constructed and used to show the completeness of S1. The implications of S1-completeness are discussed.A grafted frame does not combine two kinds of frames simply by putting relations defined in the components together. That is, the resulting grafted frame is not in the form of <W,R,R′>, or more generally, in the form of <W, R, R′,R″>,…>, which consists of a non-empty set with several relations defined on it.1 Rather, it resembles the construction of fibering proposed by D. M. Gabbay and M. Finger (see [4] and [3]). On a grafted frame, some modal worlds, which belong to the initial modal frame, are attached by some relevance frames.However, these two semantics have important differences. Consider the combined semantics involving semantics of relevance logic and modal logic. A fibred model and a grafted model proposed in this paper differ in the following respects. First, a fibred model is constructed from a class of modal models and a class of relevance models. A grafted model consists of a grafted frame and a truth-value assignment, where the grafted frame is constructed from a modal frame and some relevance frames, and the assignment is a union of a modal truth-value assignment VM and some relevance truth-value assignments VR. VM (VR) defined in this paper is not the same as the assignment contained in a modal (relevance) model. Second, in a fibred model each relevance world is associated (or fibred) with a modal model and each modal world with a relevance model.2 To be the grafted frame on which a grafted model is based, it is enough to have some modal worlds attached by some relevance frames. Moreover, no relevance world is associated with a modal frame in the grafted frame. Third, fibred models are intended to provide an appropriate semantics to combined logics. Grafted frames and grafted models are inspired to characterize S1, which, containing only one modality □, is not a combined logic. It is shown in this paper that S1 is sort of a meta-logic of the intersection of S0.4 and F, where S0.4, a new system proposed in this paper, is in turn a meta-logic of the relevance logic.
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Knijnenburg, Peter, and Frank Nordemann. "Partial hyperdoctrines: categorical models for partial function logic and Hoare logic." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000414.
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In this paper we provide a categorical interpretation of the first-order Hoare logic of a small programming language by giving a weakest precondition semantics for the language. To this end, we extend the well-known notion of a (first-order) hyperdoctrine to include partial maps. The most important new aspect of the resulting partial (first-order) hyperdoctrine is a different notion of morphism between the fibres. We also use this partial hyperdoctrine to give a model for Beeson's Partial Function Logic such that (a version of) his axiomatization is complete with respect to this model. This shows the usefulness of the notion, independent of its intended use as a model for Hoare logic.
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BOUDIAF, NOURA, FARID MOKHATI, and MOURAD BADRI. "SUPPORTING FORMAL VERIFICATION OF DIMA MULTI-AGENTS MODELS: TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK BASED ON MAUDE MODEL CHECKING." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 07 (November 2008): 853–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819400800391x.
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Model Checking based verification techniques represent an important issue in the field of concurrent systems quality assurance. The lack of formal semantics in the existing formalisms describing multi-agents models combined with multi-agents systems complexity are sources of several problems during their development process. The Maude language, based on rewriting logic, offers a rich notation supporting formal specification and implementation of concurrent systems. In addition to its modeling capacity, the Maude environment integrates a Model Checker based on Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) for distributed systems verification. In this paper, we present a formal and generic framework (DIMA-Maude) supporting formal description and verification of DIMA multi-agents models.
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Perháč, Ján, Valerie Novitzká, William Steingartner, and Zuzana Bilanová. "Formal Model of IDS Based on BDI Logic." Mathematics 9, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182290.
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Computer network security is an important aspect of computer science. Many researchers are trying to increase security using different methods, technologies, or tools. One of the most common practices is the deployment of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The current state of IDS brings only passive protection from network intrusions, i.e., IDS can only detect possible intrusions. Due to that, the manual intervention of an administrator is needed. In our paper, we present a logical model of an active IDS based on category theory, coalgebras, linear logic, and Belief–Desire–Intention (BDI) logic. Such an IDS can not only detect intrusions but also autonomously react to them according to a defined security policy. We demonstrate our approach on a motivating example with real network intrusions.
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Cox, Ruth J. "Using Programme Logic Models in Evaluation: A Review of the Literature and the Spinal Outreach Team Experience." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 3 (March 2000): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300305.
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The evaluation of intervention is becoming increasingly important in occupational therapy practice and management. Programme logic models aim to assist evaluation by linking programme interventions with intended outcomes. These models include a hierarchy of programme inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes and impacts. This article reviews the literature regarding programme logic models and uses a case example, the Spinal Outreach Team, to illustrate the utility and limitations of this approach to evaluation. A figure is included which illustrates part of the programme logic model developed for the team. It is concluded that use of a programme logic process by occupational therapists facilitates the development of comprehensive evaluation plans and relevant performance indicators.
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Hintikka, Jaakko. "Truth Definitions, Skolem Functions and Axiomatic Set Theory." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 4, no. 3 (September 1998): 303–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421033.
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§1. The mission of axiomatic set theory. What is set theory needed for in the foundations of mathematics? Why cannot we transact whatever foundational business we have to transact in terms of our ordinary logic without resorting to set theory? There are many possible answers, but most of them are likely to be variations of the same theme. The core area of ordinary logic is by a fairly common consent the received first-order logic. Why cannot it take care of itself? What is it that it cannot do? A large part of every answer is probably that first-order logic cannot handle its own model theory and other metatheory. For instance, a first-order language does not allow the codification of the most important semantical concept, viz. the notion of truth, for that language in that language itself, as shown already in Tarski (1935). In view of such negative results it is generally thought that one of the most important missions of set theory is to provide the wherewithal for a model theory of logic. For instance Gregory H. Moore (1994, p. 635) asserts in his encyclopedia article “Logic and set theory” thatSet theory influenced logic, both through its semantics, by expanding the possible models of various theories and by the formal definition of a model; and through its syntax, by allowing for logical languages in which formulas can be infinite in length or in which the number of symbols is uncountable.
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Letts, Lori, and Lynda Dunal. "Tackling Evaluation: Applying a Programme Logic Model to Community Rehabilitation for Adults with Brain Injury." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 62, no. 5 (December 1995): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749506200506.
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Programme evaluation has become an important component of many rehabilitation initiatives in both institutional and community environments. Of key importance is a need for information on developing an evaluation framework to determine and address programme processes and outcomes. This paper presents a programme logic model used to guide the evaluation of a community rehabilitation programme for adults with brain injury. Programme logic models are visual models that provide a framework to organize and integrate information about programme inputs, processes and outcomes. The model is also used in this programme to incorporate the client-centred values of the programme. It was developed through the consensus of the entire team, and was used to plan implementation and outcome evaluations. A similar programme logic model will be useful to occupational therapists and other health care professionals planning programme evaluations of their services.
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VENNEKENS, JOOST. "Actual causation in CP-logic." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 11, no. 4-5 (July 2011): 647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068411000226.
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AbstractGiven a causal model of some domain and a particular story that has taken place in this domain, the problem of actual causation is deciding which of the possible causes for some effect actually caused it. One of the most influential approaches to this problem has been developed by Halpern and Pearl (Halpern, J. and Pearl, J. 2005. Causes and explanations: A structural-model approach. Part I: Causes.British Journal for the Philosophy of Science56(4), 843–887) in the context of structural models. In this paper, I argue that this is actually not the best setting for studying this problem. As an alternative, I offer the probabilistic logic programming language of CP-logic. Unlike structural models, CP-logic incorporates the deviant/default distinction that is generally considered an important aspect of actual causation, and it has an explicitly dynamic semantics, which helps to formalize the stories that serve as input to an actual causation problem.
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Janková, Zuzana, Dipak Kumar Jana, and Petr Dostál. "Investment Decision Support Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Expert System." Engineering Economics 32, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.32.2.24884.
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The decision-making process on investing in financial markets is a very complex and difficult task, mainly due to the chaotic behavior and high uncertainty in the development of the prices of investment instruments. For this reason, financial markets are increasingly using means of artificial intelligence, namely fuzzy logic, which is able to capture the nonlinear behavior.Fuzzy logic provides a way to draw definitive conclusions from vague, ambiguous, or inaccurate information.However, there are some drawbacks associated with type-1 fuzzy logic, so the type-2 fuzzy logic comes forward, which can work with greater uncertainty. Type-2 fuzzy logic works with a new third dimension fuzzy set that provides additional degrees of freedom and allows to model and process numerical and linguistic uncertainties directly. The paper applies type-2 fuzzy logic to the stock market with the aim to create a simple and understandable model for deciding on investing in investment instruments, which is important for investors in this area. The proposed type-2 fuzzy model uses return, risk, dividend and total expense ratio of ETF as input variables. The created system is able to generate aggregated models from a certain number of language rules, which allows the investor to understand the created financial model. Using type-2 fuzzy logic can lead to more realistic and accurate results than type-1 fuzzy logic.
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Embree, Robert A. "Personal Beliefs Scale Redux: A Model for Hypothesis Testing." Psychological Reports 78, no. 1 (February 1996): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.195.
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Data obtained from the Personal Beliefs Scale of Embree and Embree were used to develop an analysis of variance model for mind-body belief which emphasized a distinction between “conventional” and “unconventional” mind-body beliefs. By means of this model a critically important distinction between high scoring second-order psychosomaticism subjects was achieved. It was proposed that subjects low in unconventional/high conventional tend to employ classical logic when rating mind-body belief items and that subjects high in unconventional/high conventional mind-body belief characteristically engage in fuzzy logic. Possible applications of the model in research were discussed.
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Saicheur, Koraphon, and Chayanon Hansapinyo. "Structural Repair Prioritization of Buildings Damaged After Earthquake Using Fuzzy Logic Model." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0559.
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Chiangrai is a city located in the seismic risk area. The recent earthquake with magnitude of 6.3 occurred on May 5, 2014 caused widespread damage to buildings. However, with limitation of engineers, equipment and budget, it is impossible to repair all buildings in the same time. Therefore, this research proposes a method to identify critical buildings and prioritize their repairing requirements using fuzzy logic. The strength of fuzzy logic is that it can approximate the vague information, unable to make decision, to the numerical data. The evaluated factors were composed of building damaged level, indirect impact and building occupancy. With the vague information, the IF-THEN rule based form was adopted to evaluate an important index of each building. Results of the analysis was found that the buildings having more important, severely damaged and high indirect impacts on the community, such as hospital buildings and power plants will be considered with higher priority to repairs. The important indexes of the buildings were 0.718 and 0.500, respectively. For buildings with less important as garage buildings, the important index was 0.114 which identified as non-urgent repair.
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Bahcall, J. N., and M. Cribier. "The Standard Solar Model." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 121 (1990): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100067798.
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AbstractThe main features of standard solar models, the logic of the calculations, and some of the important results concerning solar neutrinos experiments are given. The input parameters that cause the greatest uncertainties in the calculated neutrino fluxes are the nuclear rection rates, the chemical abundances, the radiative opacity, and the equation of state. This article is based, with permission of the publisher, on Chapters 1 and 4 of Neutrino Astrophysics by J. N. Bahcall, Cambridge University Press (1989).
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Pang, Ngou In, Ruixue Bie, Carolina Oi Lam Ung, and Hao Hu. "Development and Validation of a Logic Model for Utilization of Nutrition Support among Patients with Cancer." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4513719.
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Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and about one in six people die from cancer globally. Approximately 20% to 70% of cancer patients are accompanied with malnutrition, and nutrition support plays an important role among cancer patients. However, the utilization of nutrition support is generally irrational in clinical practices and it is affected by multiple factors. Logic models not only present a framework to improve intervention of health care setting but also identify all the elements, pathways, outcomes, and their relationships between systems. This study developed a logic model of nutrition support for cancer patients based on current literature and conducted interview with medical staff in Macao to validate the logic model. In addition, suggestions were given as references to improve the utilization of nutrition support among cancer patients.
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Acar, Erman, Massimo Benerecetti, and Fabio Mogavero. "Satisfiability in Strategy Logic Can Be Easier than Model Checking." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012638.
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In the design of complex systems, model-checking and satisfiability arise as two prominent decision problems. While model-checking requires the designed system to be provided in advance, satisfiability allows to check if such a system even exists. With very few exceptions, the second problem turns out to be harder than the first one from a complexity-theoretic standpoint. In this paper, we investigate the connection between the two problems for a non-trivial fragment of Strategy Logic (SL, for short). SL extends LTL with first-order quantifications over strategies, thus allowing to explicitly reason about the strategic abilities of agents in a multi-agent system. Satisfiability for the full logic is known to be highly undecidable, while model-checking is non-elementary.The SL fragment we consider is obtained by preventing strategic quantifications within the scope of temporal operators. The resulting logic is quite powerful, still allowing to express important game-theoretic properties of multi-agent systems, such as existence of Nash and immune equilibria, as well as to formalize the rational synthesis problem. We show that satisfiability for such a fragment is PSPACE-COMPLETE, while its model-checking complexity is 2EXPTIME-HARD. The result is obtained by means of an elegant encoding of the problem into the satisfiability of conjunctive-binding first-order logic, a recently discovered decidable fragment of first-order logic.
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Jiang, Yaozhi. "Dialectical Logic K-Model: the Discrete Time Dynamical Sampling System, Multidimensional Logic Variable and Associate Database(ADB)." Journal of Mathematics Research 10, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v10n2p88.
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Following the earlier works about dialectical logic K-model by the author, in this succeed paper author described the three problems : the first is that discrete time dynamical sampling system to solve which the true-value function is unknown and need discrete time dynamical sampling system to obtain a series of sampled discrete time true-value function points to predict the continuous true-value function or we need some properties of true value function in the frequency domain, a several formulas for true-value function of single-dimensional logic variable via discrete Fourier transformation are explained; the second is the graph expression and matrices expression for the multidimensional logic variables in dialectical logic K-model. Multidimensional logic variable is important that can be used in multidimensional contradictions and in multiple-person games. In fact, author also described the graph $G_K^p$ and corresponding matrices of the multidimensional logic variables; the third is the machine oriented database, associated database i.e. ADB, this is a new database for artificial intelligence, in present paper author describes theoretical properties and some features of ADB.
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Polyakov, O. M. "Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 5. Introduction to Logic." Discourse 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-3-109-117.
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Introduction. The article continues the series of publications on the linguistics of relations (hereinafter R–linguistics) and is devoted to an introduction to the logic of natural language in relation to the approach considered in the series. The problem of natural language logic still remains relevant, since this logic differs significantly from traditional mathematical logic. Moreover, with the appearance of artificial intelligence systems, the importance of this problem only increases. The article analyzes logical problems that prevent the application of classical logic methods to natural languages. This is possible because R-linguistics forms the semantics of a language in the form of world model structures in which language sentences are interpreted.Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of logic and semantics, the formulated concept of the interpretation operator is used.Results and discussion. The problems that arise when studying the logic of natural language in the framework of R–linguistics are analyzed. These issues are discussed in three aspects: the logical aspect itself; the linguistic aspect; the aspect of correlation with reality. A very General approach to language semantics is considered and semantic axioms of the language are formulated. The problems of the language and its logic related to the most General view of semantics are shown.Conclusion. It is shown that the application of mathematical logic, regardless of its type, to the study of natural language logic faces significant problems. This is a consequence of the inconsistency of existing approaches with the world model. But it is the coherence with the world model that allows us to build a new logical approach. Matching with the model means a semantic approach to logic. Even the most General view of semantics allows to formulate important results about the properties of languages that lack meaning. The simplest examples of semantic interpretation of traditional logic demonstrate its semantic problems (primarily related to negation).
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Dou, Fei, Limin Jia, Li Wang, Jie Xu, and Yakun Huang. "Fuzzy Temporal Logic Based Railway Passenger Flow Forecast Model." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/950371.
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Passenger flow forecast is of essential importance to the organization of railway transportation and is one of the most important basics for the decision-making on transportation pattern and train operation planning. Passenger flow of high-speed railway features the quasi-periodic variations in a short time and complex nonlinear fluctuation because of existence of many influencing factors. In this study, a fuzzy temporal logic based passenger flow forecast model (FTLPFFM) is presented based on fuzzy logic relationship recognition techniques that predicts the short-term passenger flow for high-speed railway, and the forecast accuracy is also significantly improved. An applied case that uses the real-world data illustrates the precision and accuracy of FTLPFFM. For this applied case, the proposed model performs better than thek-nearest neighbor (KNN) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models.
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MAO, MING-YI, ZHI-CHENG CHEN, and HUA-CAN HE. "A NEW UNIFORM NEURON MODEL OF GENERALIZED LOGIC OPERATORS BASED ON [a,b]." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 20, no. 02 (March 2006): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001406004582.
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The study on neural systems is very hot, especially regarding modelling of fuzzy neural networks. The neuron models have been limited in interval [0,1] before. This paper studies the logic operators and neuron models of proposition object based on [a, b]. Any interval [a, b] is called a generalized interval. Firstly, authors provide the conception of proposition object, discussed on the radix space of universal logic. Secondly, using the NTS norms theories, this paper establishes the universal logic operation models on generalized interval [a, b]. Thirdly, the paper builds up a new uniform neuron model of "Not/And/Or/Average" on generalized interval [a, b]. As an instance, authors discuss the neuron models based on standard interval [0,1], which are continuously changeable with generalized correlation coefficient "h" and generalized self-correlation coefficient "k". This work offers important theories and models for neurons reasoning, make it more flexible because of the change of h, k and [a, b], and enlarge its study domain.
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Rodrigues, Renato Pontes, Alexandre Ferreira de Pinho, and David Custódio Sena. "Application of Hybrid Simulation in production scheduling in job shop systems." SIMULATION 96, no. 3 (July 11, 2019): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549719861724.
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This work seeks to study one of the most complex and important issues in production scheduling research: flexible job shop systems. These systems are extremely important for industry, which uses the make-to-order strategy and seeks mix and volume flexibility. The model system will use agents within discrete-event simulation models, generating a Hybrid Simulation model. The agent will sequence the production orders at the beginning of the process and re-sequence them, when necessary, in order to achieve a multi-objective optimization. For this, the agent will bring together two different logics that have opposing goals. This work consists of the comparison of the results of three scheduling methods: firstly, with the sequence of arrival; secondly, with the agent using one sequencing logic; and, finally, using the same logic, but with adjustments in the sequence during the batch production, seeking to improve the negative points generated by the logic. It also stresses that this schedule ensures that the Manager Agent reduces makespan and increases machine utilization while increasing its interference in the model. This is a quantitative study, using the modeling and simulation method and following an empirical model.
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Sonis, Jonathan D., Emily L. Aaronson, Allison Castagna, and Benjamin White. "A Conceptual Model for Emergency Department Patient Experience." Journal of Patient Experience 6, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373518795415.
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Emergency department (ED) patient experience continues to be a growing area of focus for ED physicians, administrators, and regulatory agencies. Recent literature has suggested a strong correlation between positive ratings of patient experience and important health system goals, including improved clinical outcomes and care quality, increased staff satisfaction, and reduced medicolegal risk. However, given the myriad of factors driving ED patient experience, identifying effective and synergistic interventions can present a challenge, especially in the setting of limited ED resources. Utilizing the themes identified in a recent systematic review of the ED patient experience literature, we developed a conceptual “logic model” of ED patient experience in order to provide a broadly applicable framework for practical intervention and to guide further study of ED patient experience interventions. The logic model was modified in an iterative fashion through review by local patient and staff groups as well as a national interest group until arriving at the current, comprehensive version. Here, we describe the creation of the logic model and, with the aim of providing a framework for readers to develop similar models for their practice settings, provide a case discussion of its use by an ED medical director.
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Scherbaum, Frank, and Nicolas M. Kuehn. "Logic Tree Branch Weights and Probabilities: Summing up to One is not Enough." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 1237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3652744.
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Logic trees have become the most popular tool for the quantification of epistemic uncertainties in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). In a logic-tree framework, epistemic uncertainty is expressed in a set of branch weights, by which an expert or an expert group assigns degree-of-belief values to the applicability of the corresponding branch models. Despite the popularity of logic-trees, however, one finds surprisingly few clear commitments to what logic-tree branch weights are assumed to be (even by hazard analysts designing logic trees). In the present paper we argue that it is important for hazard analysts to accept the probabilistic framework from the beginning for assigning logic-tree branch weights. In other words, to accept that logic-tree branch weights are probabilities in the axiomatic sense, independent of one's preference for the philosophical interpretation of probabilities. We demonstrate that interpreting logic-tree branch weights merely as a numerical measure of “model quality,” which are then subsequently normalized to sum up to unity, will with increasing number of models inevitably lead to an apparent insensitivity of hazard curves on the logic-tree branch weights, which may even be mistaken for robustness of the results. Finally, we argue that assigning logic-tree branch weights in a sequential fashion may improve their logical consistency.
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Wang, Rui, Wanwei Liu, Tun Li, Xiaoguang Mao, and Ji Wang. "Bounded Model Checking of ETL Cooperating with Finite and Looping Automata Connectives." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/462532.
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As a complementary technique of the BDD-based approach, bounded model checking (BMC) has been successfully applied to LTL symbolic model checking. However, the expressiveness of LTL is rather limited, and some important properties cannot be captured by such logic. In this paper, we present a semantic BMC encoding approach to deal with the mixture ofETLfandETLl. Since such kind of temporal logic involves both finite and looping automata as connectives, all regular properties can be succinctly specified with it. The presented algorithm is integrated into the model checker ENuSMV, and the approach is evaluated via conducting a series of imperial experiments.
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Cheney, James. "Completeness and Herbrand theorems for nominal logic." Journal of Symbolic Logic 71, no. 1 (March 2006): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1140641176.
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AbstractNominal logic is a variant of first-order logic in which abstract syntax with names and binding is formalized in terms of two basic operations: name-swapping andfreshness. It relies on two important principles: equivariance (validity is preserved by name-swapping), and fresh name generation (“new” or fresh names can always be chosen). It is inspired by a particular class of models for abstract syntax trees involving names and binding, drawing on ideas from Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory: finite-support models in which each value can depend on only finitely many names.Although nominal logic is sound with respect to such models, it is not complete. In this paper we review nominal logic and show why finite-support models are insufficient both in theory and practice. We then identify (up to isomorphism) the class of models with respect to which nominal logic is complete: ideal-supported models in which the supports of values are elements of a proper ideal on the set of names.We also investigate an appropriate generalization of Herbrand models to nominal logic. After adjusting the syntax of nominal logic to include constants denoting names, we generalize universal theories to nominal-universal theories and prove that each such theory has an Herbrand model.
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CHUNG, KI-SEOK, TAEWHAN KIM, and C. L. LIU. "A COMPLETE MODEL FOR GLITCH ANALYSIS IN LOGIC CIRCUITS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 11, no. 02 (April 2002): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126602000367.
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One of the major factors, which contribute to the power consumption in CMOS combinational logic circuits, is the switching activities in the circuits. Many of such switching activities are due to spurious pulses, called glitches. Recently, a new model of glitch analysis, called G-vector has been proposed. The power of the model is that, unlike the existing ones, which model only the propagation of glitches to count the number of glitches in the circuits, it allows to model the generation, propagation and elimination of glitches to be able to not only count the number of glitches but also locate the glitches. In this paper, we complete the concept of G-vector by providing a set of efficient solutions to the three important practical issues: (1) extending to signals over multiple clock cycles, which exactly accounts for a sequence of input signals over multiple clock cycles. (2) extending to a nonzero delay model, which accounts for both nonzero and nonuniform delay of each gate in the circuit and (3) extending to a logic decomposition utilizing the model, which reveals a possibility of utilizing the model in synthesizing logic circuit with less glitches. Integrating the solutions all together enables G-vector to be practically very efficient. A set of experimental results is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
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Wang, Y., Y. Zhang, Y. Zhou, and M. Zhang. "Knowledge Forgetting in Answer Set Programming." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (May 19, 2014): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4297.
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The ability of discarding or hiding irrelevant information has been recognized as an important feature for knowledge based systems, including answer set programming. The notion of strong equivalence in answer set programming plays an important role for different problems as it gives rise to a substitution principle and amounts to knowledge equivalence of logic programs. In this paper, we uniformly propose a semantic knowledge forgetting, called HT- and FLP-forgetting, for logic programs under stable model and FLP-stable model semantics, respectively. Our proposed knowledge forgetting discards exactly the knowledge of a logic program which is relevant to forgotten variables. Thus it preserves strong equivalence in the sense that strongly equivalent logic programs will remain strongly equivalent after forgetting the same variables. We show that this semantic forgetting result is always expressible; and we prove a representation theorem stating that the HT- and FLP-forgetting can be precisely characterized by Zhang-Zhou's four forgetting postulates under the HT- and FLP-model semantics, respectively. We also reveal underlying connections between the proposed forgetting and the forgetting of propositional logic, and provide complexity results for decision problems in relation to the forgetting. An application of the proposed forgetting is also considered in a conflict solving scenario.
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Özger, Mehmet, and Mehmet Burak Kabataş. "Sediment load prediction by combined fuzzy logic-wavelet method." Journal of Hydroinformatics 17, no. 6 (July 31, 2015): 930–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.148.
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Sediment load prediction is very important in planning, operation, and maintenance of water structures located on rivers. The sediment loads exhibit random characteristics due to the uncertain nature of sediment transportation in rivers. To predict suspended sediment load, stochastic processes, regression methods, neural network models, and fuzzy logic have been used in the literature so far. The purpose of this study was to develop a model that can make accurate predictions of suspended sediment loads. Here, a combination of wavelet and fuzzy logic techniques (WFL) is proposed as a new technique to model the behavior of sediment load. While the wavelet method is able to decompose the original series into its sub-bands, fuzzy logic method can be used as a predictive model for each sub-band. It is possible to detect significant power at specific intervals from average wavelet spectra. The WFL was compared with the stand-alone fuzzy logic approach based on the Nash–Sutcliffe Sufficiency Score (NSSS), mean absolute error (MAE), and square of correlation coefficient (R) used as performance indicators. The results of the study show that the WFL provides a considerable improvement over the stand-alone fuzzy logic approach in the prediction of sediment load.
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Ramya, H. R., and B. K. Sujatha. "Real Time Image Fusion Based Technique for Medical Images." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4500–4508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9105.
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To tackle the cost of storage and storage space with fast-growing technologies, the image fusion is playing an important role in several image-processing areas such as medical-imaging and satelliteimaging. This fused picture is appropriate for machine perception, human visual analysis or further analysis assignment. Recently the computing method such as fuzzy logic model has been extensively used in the field of image-processing due to the uniqueness of handling uncertain modeling. The fuzzy logic based image-fusion model generally performed better with respect to other existing image fusion models. In this paper, we considered type-2 fuzzy logic, which has similar function to earlier fuzzy logic technique but consist more functionality that allows optimized management of higher degrees under uncertainty. Interval type-2 fuzzy-logic-system (IT2FLS) are widely used fuzzy sets due to their ease of use and computational simplicity. A real time image fusion (RTIF) technique that is based on the IT2FLS is used to overcome the excess computation time and nonlinear uncertainties, which is present in the medical images. In the result simulation section, we have shown that our proposed model has taken less computation time and provided better quality assessment matrices with respect to existing system.
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MARTÍ -OLIET, NARCISO, and JOSÉ MESEGUER. "FROM PETRI NETS TO LINEAR LOGIC THROUGH CATEGORIES: A SURVEY." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 02, no. 04 (December 1991): 297–399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054191000182.
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Linear logic has been introduced by Girard as a logic of actions that seems well suited for concurrent computation. This paper surveys recent work on the applications of linear logic to concurrency, with special emphasis on Petri nets and on the use of categorical models. In particular, we present a synthesis of our previous work on the systematic correspondence between Petri nets, linear logic theories, and linear categories, and explain its relationships to work by many other authors. Throughout, we discuss the computational interpretation of the linear logic connectives and illustrate the ideas with examples. Categories play an important role in this survey. On the one hand, from a computational perspective, they are interpreted as concurrent systems whose objects are states, and whose morphisms are transitions; on the other hand, when a model-theoretic perspective is adopted, they provide a very flexible conceptual framework within which the relationships among quite different models already proposed for linear logic can be better understood; this framework also suggests the study of new models and an axiomatic treatment of classes of models. Our categorical semantics for linear logic is based on dualizing objects and permits a very simple presentation of ideas requiring a more complicated treatment in the language of *-autonomous categories.
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Yang, Shun Kun, and Guo Qi Li. "Using Model Checking to Verify the Logic Module of Flight Control Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.655.
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Model checking is an important method to verify state machine based system. In this paper, we using PAT, a novel and powerful model checking tool, to verify the logic module of flight control software, which is public available. Conclusions are drawn from the verification and these are valuable for similar researches.
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Baareh, Abdel Karim M. "Temperature Forecasting System Using Fuzzy Mathematical Model." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2018070105.
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Temperature study and model development related to estimation is an essential and important task not only for a human life but also for animal life, agriculture, tourism, water reservation and evaporation, and many other fields. Regression is considered a dominant prediction model which is heavily used in forecasting in spite of the difficulties related to the number of available measurements, the order of the model and the nonlinearity of the data. In this article, the purpose is to use a nonlinear model structure to forecast the temperature at the airport of Mumbai city in India using the fuzzy logic technique. The datasets were collected for twelve months period starting from 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December at a weather underground in India. The datasets were divided into two parts, 288 days (80%) of the data for training and the remaining 72 days (20%) for testing. The results obtained and the error calculated using the fuzzy logic model were satisfactory.
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Haynes, Kyle. "Simulating the Bargaining Model of War." PS: Political Science & Politics 48, no. 04 (October 2015): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096515000888.
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ABSTRACTThis article outlines a classroom simulation for teaching the bargaining model of war. This model has become one of the most important theories of international conflict, but the technical notation often used to illustrate it is troublesome for some students. I describe a simple card game that can be integrated into a broader strategy for conveying the bargaining model’s core insights. I also highlight ways in which the game can be modified to focus on different aspects of the model’s logic.
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Hrytsiuk, Petro, and Larysa Bachyshyna. "FORECASTING THE YIELD OF GRAIN CROPS USING FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEMS." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4541.
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The grain industry has a special place in the export of Ukraine. Ukraine takes the third place for some years in the world by grain supply to the foreign markets. That’s why the problem solving of the agricultural production stability is one of the most important tasks of agricultural industrial complex. The successful forecasts play important role in this. The best forecasts are realized when the qualitative model of the object is developed. Two approaches of the predictive model development are considered in the paper: traditional mathematical and using fuzzy logic systems. The models take into account the influence of climatic factors on grain crops yield.
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Barr, Michael. "*-Autonomous categories and linear logic." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 1, no. 2 (July 1991): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500001274.
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The subject of linear logic has recently become very important in theoretical computer science. It is apparent that the *-autonomous categories studied at length in by Barr (1979) are a model for a large fragment of linear logic, although not quite for the whole thing. Since the main reference is out of print and since large parts of that volume are devoted to results highly peripheral to the matter at hand, it seemed reasonable to provide a short introduction to the subject.
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RABE, FLORIAN. "A logical framework combining model and proof theory." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 23, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 945–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129512000424.
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Mathematical logic and computer science have driven the design of a growing number of logics and related formalisms such as set theories and type theories. In response to this population explosion, logical frameworks have been developed as formal meta-languages in which to represent, structure, relate and reason about logics.Research on logical frameworks has diverged into separate communities, often with conflicting backgrounds and philosophies. In particular, two of the most important logical frameworks are the framework of institutions, from the area of model theory based on category theory, and the Edinburgh Logical Framework LF, from the area of proof theory based on dependent type theory. Even though their ultimate motivations overlap – for example in applications to software verification – they have fundamentally different perspectives on logic.In the current paper, we design a logical framework that integrates the frameworks of institutions and LF in a way that combines their complementary advantages while retaining the elegance of each of them. In particular, our framework takes a balanced approach between model theory and proof theory, and permits the representation of logics in a way that comprises all major ingredients of a logic: syntax, models, satisfaction, judgments and proofs. This provides a theoretical basis for the systematic study of logics in a comprehensive logical framework. Our framework has been applied to obtain a large library of structured and machine-verified encodings of logics and logic translations.
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Madival, Santosh, Manjunath Lingappa Halappa, Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed, and Lokesha Marulaiah. "Application Potential of Fuzzy and Regression in Optimization of MRR and Surface Roughness during Machining of C45 Steel." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.13171.
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In the machining industry, coolant has an important role due to their lubrication, cooling and chip removal functions. Using coolant can improve machining process efficiency, tool life, surface quality and it can reduce cutting forces and vibrations. However, health and environmental problems are encountered with the use of coolants. Hence, there has been a high demand for deep cryogenic treatment to reduce these harmful effects. For this purpose, −196 °C LN2 gas is used to improve machining performance. This study focuses on the prediction of surface roughness and material removal rate with cryogenically treated M2 HSS tool using fuzzy logic and regression model. The turning experiments are conducted according to Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Surface roughness and material removal rate during machining of C45 steel with HSS tool are measured. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are considered as machining parameters. A model depended on a regression model is established and the results obtained from the regression model are compared with the results based on fuzzy logic and experiment. The effectiveness of regression models and fuzzy logic has been determined by analyzing the correlation coefficient and by comparing experimental results. Regression model gives closer values to experimentally measured values than fuzzy logic. It has been concluded that regression-based modeling can be used to predict the surface roughness successfully.
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Ibrahim, A. S., A. S. AL Buloshi, S. S. AL Zaabi, and L. A. AL Yafai. "Mathematical Model Describes Treatment of Waste Water Using Modified Activated Carbon." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol14iss1pp94-104.
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The proposed mathematical model covered in this paper includes the most important parameters associated with the rates of adsorption and desorption. Also, partial pressure is included since it is an important factor that affects rates of adsorption and desorption. The study focuses on the effects of the constant rates on adsorption of pollutant concentrations for benzene, nickel, cadmium, and copper using modified active carbon. When the rate constant of adsorption decreases, the pollutant concentration will also decrease, yielding high acceptable evidence of the logic of the proposed mathematical model. Also, the proposed model is compared with experimental data and other models to give good outcomes with high accuracy.
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Scott, Suzi J., Louise D. Denne, and Richard P. Hastings. "Developing a logic model to guide evaluation of impact for learning disability projects: the case of the Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) Academy." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-10-2017-0038.
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Purpose Measuring “impact” is an important aspect of the dissemination of evidence-based practice and relevant to all disciplines. However, it has only recently become a focus of enquiry and is not commonly directly researched within the learning disabilities field. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of developing a logic model for the UK Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) Academy as part of an evaluation and impact study of its work to date. Design/methodology/approach Logic models are a visual representation of the relationship between a project’s resources, activities and outputs and identified outcomes, in relation to key stakeholder groups. This representation allows for key impact measures to be identified and can be a useful tool for evaluation purposes. The authors used the process outlined by McLaughlin and Jordan (1998) to develop a bespoke logic model for the PBS Academy. Findings The model was particularly helpful in making clear the distinction between output and impact, identifying impact criteria differentiated by stakeholder group and across time scales, and highlighting areas of activity that are needed to increase the impact of the work of the PBS Academy in the longer term. Originality/value In the absence of any generalised impact evaluation frameworks in the learning disabilities field, the authors suggest that logic models may provide a useful framework for evaluating the impact of policy, practice, and research interventions.
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Levine, Sydney, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Laura Schulz, Joshua Tenenbaum, and Fiery Cushman. "The logic of universalization guides moral judgment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 42 (October 2, 2020): 26158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014505117.
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To explain why an action is wrong, we sometimes say, “What if everybody did that?” In other words, even if a single person’s behavior is harmless, that behavior may be wrong if it would be harmful once universalized. We formalize the process of universalization in a computational model, test its quantitative predictions in studies of human moral judgment, and distinguish it from alternative models. We show that adults spontaneously make moral judgments consistent with the logic of universalization, and report comparable patterns of judgment in children. We conclude that, alongside other well-characterized mechanisms of moral judgment, such as outcome-based and rule-based thinking, the logic of universalizing holds an important place in our moral minds.