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Pera, Caroline Krobath Luz. "Processo contempor?neo de expans?o urbana: legisla??o urban?stica e l?gicas de produ??o do espa?o urbano - estudo da regi?o metropolitana de Campinas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2016. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/131.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-04This research has as object, the contemporary process of urban sprawl in cities that are contained in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas RMC, region defined for the empirical study. The research assumes that the urban space is both social product and process of various logical of productions vying for the urban space. However some logical of productions can act more than others choosing new vectors of growth of the city's , whether by political, economic or ideological reasons. We were adopted three research strategies for the study of contemporary urban expansion: a) to characterize the contemporary urban expansion in the RMC through the growth survey of legally urban areas (i.e., through the expansion of graphed urban perimeters in municipal law), the areas that are really urbanized and the relationship with the regional context and through the use of the IBGE database; b) analyzing federal and municipal planning legislation that addresses the issue of urban sprawl on the light of understanding that planning legislation is not merely a technical part, it results from the clash of interests of the different agents that make up society; c) mapping and systemizing the logic of production active in newly incorporated areas of the Municipal urban area, collecting the arguments used by the municipal public sector to justify the approval of each of the legally urban area expansions. The systematization of these justifications reveals the ideology constructed to justify the expansion of the areas legally considered as urban, often legitimized through a built speech to mislead that the simple expansion of the urban area would ensure the urban development of the city. This work helps to explain the way that government - executive and legislative - plan through laws their territory and orchestra the logical production of urban space which, in turn, are closely associated with the standard space that produces urban sprawl, socio-segregated spatially, physically fragmented and a full of inequalities and environmental weaknesses.
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto, o processo contempor?neo de expans?o urbana em munic?pios contidos em uma ?rea metropolitana, sendo definido para fins do estudo emp?rico, a Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas RMC como recorte territorial. Parte-se da premissa que o espa?o urbano ? produto social e processo das diferentes l?gicas de produ??o que disputam o espa?o urbano, contudo algumas l?gicas de produ??o conseguem atuar mais do que outras no processo de escolha dos novos vetores de crescimento da cidade, seja por motivos pol?ticos, econ?micos ou ideol?gicos. Foram adotadas tr?s estrat?gias de investiga??o para estudo da expans?o urbana contempor?nea: a) caracterizar a expans?o urbana contempor?nea na RMC por meio da an?lise do crescimento das ?reas legalmente urbanas (ou seja, por meio da expans?o dos per?metros urbanos grafados em lei municipal), das ?reas de fato urbanizadas e sua rela??o com o contexto regional e por interm?dio da utiliza??o de dados do IBGE; b) analisar a legisla??o urban?stica federal e municipal que trata da quest?o da expans?o urbana, sobre a luz do entendimento que a legisla??o urban?stica n?o ? meramente uma pe?a t?cnica, pois resulta do embate de interesses dos diversos agentes que comp?em a sociedade c) mapear e sistematizar por meio de fichas de caracteriza??o as l?gicas de produ??o atuantes em ?reas rec?m-incorporadas ao per?metro urbano municipal, coletando-se as argumenta??es utilizadas pelo setor p?blico municipal para justificar a aprova??o de cada uma das expans?es de ?rea legalmente urbana. A sistematiza??o destas justificativas revela as ideologias constru?das para justificar a expans?o das ?reas legalmente urbanas, legitimadas muitas vezes por meio de um discurso constru?do para aludir que a simples expans?o do tecido urbano por si s? garante o desenvolvimento urbano do munic?pio. Esta disserta??o contribui para explicitar que a maneira com que o poder p?blico Executivo e Legislativo planeja por meio de leis seu territ?rio e orquestra as l?gicas atuantes na produ??o do espa?o urbano est? intrinsecamente associada ao padr?o de espa?o que se produz: disperso, segregado socioespacialmente, fisicamente fragmentado e repleto de desigualdades e fragilidades socioambientais.
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Machion, Andreia Cristina Grisolio 1966. "Um controle adaptativo baseado em logica nebulosa para trafego urbano." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261398.
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Orientador : Fernando A. C. GomideDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Devido à simplicidadede implementação e à facilidade em tratar com incertezas em sistemas complexos, a lógica nebulosa vem sendo utilizada em uma grande variedade de aplicações. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema para controle on-tine de tráfego urbano, baseado nesta lógica, para o qual foram estudados regras e métodos de tomada de decisão mais adequados que aqueles propostos na literatura. O controle desenvolvidoleva em consideração as condições de tráfego no instante da tomada de decisão. Além disso, estratégias de adaptação foram também desenvolvidas.O esquema adaptativo ajusta as funções de pertinência de acordo com as condições do tráfego no momento da tomada de decisão. Utilizou-se métodos estatísticos e a própria lógica nebulosa para tal, sendo que esta última se mostrou mais eficiente na maioria dos casos. Um estudo de caso que trata o cruzamento entre as Avenidas Rebouças e Brasil na cidade de São Paulo foi realizado afim de mostrar a factibilidade da estratégia de controle proposta. Os resultados das simulações mostram que estratégias de controle baseadas em Lógica Nebulosa são viáveis para o controle de cruzamentos de vias urbanas
Abstract: Due to the greater simplicity of implementation and the facility in handling uncertainty, vagueness in complex systems, fuzzy logic has been used in a large variety of applications. This work presents an on-line fuzzy-Iogic based urban traffic control system. New roles and decision-making criterion were developed and implemented. The new controller makes the decisions according to the traffic conditions at a time. Adaptive strategies were also developed. lhe adaptive schemes adjust the membership functions according to the traffic conditions. The methods developed are: statistical-adaptiveand fuzzy-adaptive. The results showed that the second one has, in average, a better performance. A case study concerning the junction of Brasil Ave and Rebouças Ave of the city of São Paulo was conducted to investigate the feasibilityof the control schemes proposed. Simulation results testify that the fuzzy controllers are a viable altemative for junction controI
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Silva, Alex Caetano da. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL MEDIANTE LÓGICA FUZZY – ESTUDO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PONTA GROSSA, PR." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2013. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/616.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-19This research identifies the different environmental vulnerability indices from fuzzy logic in urban area of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Noteworthy is the use of geotechnology, and representation in the making cartograms and maps as well as in intersection and thematic analysis. The research raises the environmental profile of urban space of the city, through the data collected by IBGE Census 2010 and the steepness of the municipality. Employs the methodology for creating fuzzy indices, characterizing the data in (5) analysis groups, housing conditions, conditions as to access to education and economic conditions, subnormal agglomerates and relief conditions with rates ranging from 1 better and 0 the worst conditions of the studied phenomenon. By Fuzzy operators AND, OR, PRODUCT, SUM and GAMMA, intersect the vulnerability groups representing different levels of vulnerability in different fuzzy operators, representing the socioeconomic vulnerability. The environmental vulnerability index is the end result, results from overlapping fuzzy with all the groups that make up the index of socioeconomic vulnerability added to the group index slope by AND and GAMMA. The operators performed well, identifying the different levels of vulnerability and the least vulnerable sectors are present in the district center and in its vicinity, in more distant neighborhoods mostly vulnerabilities are higher.
A presente pesquisa identifica os diferentes índices de vulnerabilidade socioambiental a partir da lógica Fuzzy na área urbana de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Destaca-se o emprego das geotecnologias, na confecção e representação dos cartogramas e mapas bem como no cruzamento e análise da temática. A pesquisa levanta o perfil socioambiental do espaço urbano do município, por meio dos dados coletados pelo CENSO IBGE 2010 e da declividade do município. Emprega-se a metodologia Fuzzy para criação de índices, caracterizando os dados em (5) grupos de análise, condições de moradia, condições quanto ao acesso a educação e das condições econômicas, aglomerados subnormais e condições do relevo com índices variando entre 1 melhores condições e 0 as piores condições do fenômeno estudado. Mediante os operadores Fuzzy AND, OR, PRODUCT, SUM e GAMMA, cruzam-se os grupos de vulnerabilidade representando os diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade nos diferentes operadores Fuzzy, representando a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. O índice de vulnerabilidade socioambiental é o resultado final, resulta da sobreposição difusa com todos os grupos que compõem o índice de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica agregado ao grupo índice de declividade mediante os operadores AND e GAMMA. Os operadores apresentaram bons resultados, identificando os diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade e os setores menos vulneráveis estão presentes no Bairro Centro e nas suas proximidades, nos bairros mais distantes em sua maioria encontram-se as vulnerabilidades mais altas.
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Whitacre, Brian E. "Bridging the Rural - Urban Digital Divide in Residential Internet Access." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29102.
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This dissertation explores the persistent gap between rural and urban areas in the percentage of households that access the Internet at home (a discrepancy commonly known as the "digital divide"). The theoretical framework underlying a household's Internet adoption decision is examined, with emphasis on the roles that household characteristics, network externalities, and digital communication technology (DCT) infrastructure potentially play. This framework is transferred into a statistical model of household Internet access, where non-linear decomposition techniques are employed to estimate the contributions of these variables to the digital divide in a given year. Differences in Internet access rates between years are also analyzed to understand the importance of temporal resistance to the continuing digital divide.
The increasing prevalence of "high-speed" or broadband access is also taken into account by modeling a decision process where households that choose to have Internet access must decide between dial-up and high-speed access. This nested process is also decomposed in order to estimate the contributions of household characteristics, network externalities, DCT infrastructure, and temporal resistance to the high-speed digital divide.
The results suggest that public policies designed to alleviate digital divides in both general and high-speed access should focus more on the broader income and education inequities between rural and urban areas. The results also imply that the current policy environment of encouraging DCT infrastructure investment in rural areas may not be the most effective way to close the digital divide in both general and high-speed Internet access.Ph. D.
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Amancio, Marcelo Augusto. "Relacionamento entre a forma urbana e as viagens a pé." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4198.
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Previous issue date: 2005-08-29Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The objective of this dissertation is to verify if there is a relationship between the characteristics of the urban form and option for walking trips. For this relationship to be studied, the first step was a bibliographic review about the urban form characteristics that might influence the option for walking. Among the methodologies that could be used to evaluate the modal option, a logit-type Discrete Choice Model, was chosen. The data used for the calibration of the model were collected in São Carlos, SP, a Brazilian medium-sized city with around 200 thousand inhabitants. The analyses were developed at census tract level, with a Geographic Information System (TransCAD). Two logit-type models were calibrated. The first one (basic) includes only a socio-economic variable (automobile availability) and the trip length. The second model (expanded) includes, besides the variables of the basic model, information about the characteristic of the urban form in the trip origin sectors. The comparison of the results obtained with the two models, allowed the evaluation of the marginal influence of urban form variables on the mode choice. In general, the expanded model was statistically better then the basic one. The results suggest that urban form characteristics do influence the individuals´ option for walking.
O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se existe relação entre as características da forma urbana e a opção dos indivíduos pelas viagens a pé. Para que essa relação pudesse ser estudada foi feito, inicialmente, um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as características da forma urbana que influenciam na opção pelo modo a pé. Dentre as metodologias mais usuais para avaliar o relacionamento entre as características da forma urbana e a opção pelo modo de transporte, foi selecionado o Modelo Comportamental ou de Escolha Discreta do tipo Logit. Os dados necessários à calibração do modelo foram coletados na cidade de São Carlos, SP, uma cidade de porte médio com cerca de 200 mil habitantes. As análises necessárias foram realizadas em nível de setor censitário e implementadas com o auxilio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Foram calibrados dois modelos do tipo Logit. O primeiro modelo (básico) inclui apenas uma variável socioeconômica (disponibilidade de automóvel) e o comprimento da viagem a ser realizada. O segundo modelo (expandido) inclui, além das variáveis do modelo básico, informações sobre as características do meio físico urbano nos setores de origem das viagens. A comparação dos resultados obtidos com os modelos básico e expandido permitiu avaliar o efeito da inclusão das variáveis da forma urbana na expressão da utilidade do modo a pé. De maneira geral, o modelo expandido se mostrou estatisticamente melhor que o modelo básico. Os resultados permitem inferir que as características da forma urbana influenciam o comportamento dos indivíduos ao optar pelo modo a pé para realização de suas viagens.
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Amouroux, Christa Simone. "Conflict in Copenhagen : urban reconfigurations, disciplining the unruly /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Ndunda, E. N. (Ezekiel Nthee). "Wastewater reuse in urban and peri-urban irrigation : an economic assessment of improved wastewater treatment, low-risk adaptations and risk awareness in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40235.
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The overall goal of this study was to analyse the welfare effect of improved wastewater treatment with the view of making policy recommendations for sustainable urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture in Kenya. This goal was achieved by investigating three specific objectives. The first objective was to assess the farmers’ awareness of health risks in urban and peri-urban wastewater irrigation. Second objective was to analyse the factors that affect the choice of low-risk adaptations in reuse of untreated wastewater for irrigation. The third objective was to estimate the value that urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation impute to improvements in specific characteristics of the wastewater input in agriculture.
In order to achieve the first objective, an ordered probit model was used to identify the factors that influence farmers’ awareness of health risks in untreated wastewater irrigation. The model was fitted to data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 317 urban farm households in the Kibera informal settlement of Kenya. Results of this study show that gender of household head, household size, education level of household head, farm size, ownership of the farm, membership to farmers’ group, and market access for the fresh produce significantly affect awareness of farmers about health risks in wastewater irrigation. Therefore, there is need for awareness programs to promote public education through regular training and local workshops on wastewater reuse in order to improve the human capital of the urban and peri-urban farmers.
To achieve the second objective, the study used a multinomial logit model to analyse the farmers’ choice of low-risk adaptations in untreated wastewater irrigation. A survey of 317 urban and peri-urban farmers was conducted and measures for risk-reduction in wastewater reuse were analysed. The urban and peri-urban farmers were found to have adopted low-risk wastewater irrigation techniques such as cessation of irrigation before harvesting, crop restriction and safer application methods. Results of the study show that adoption of risk-reduction measures is significantly influenced by the following factors: household size, age of the household head, education of household head, access to extension, access to media, access to credit, farmers’ group membership, and risk awareness. Also, marginal analysis of the coefficients confirmed the socio-economic characteristics are key determinants in adoption of low-risk measures in wastewater reuse. The study recommends that policies in support of low-risk urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture should disaggregate farmers according to their socio-economic and institutional characteristics in order to achieve their intended objectives.
To achieve the third objective, the study employed the discrete choice experiment approach to estimate the benefits farmers impute to improvements in attributes of the wastewater irrigation input, whose aim is to reduce the health risks associated with untreated wastewater irrigation. Urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation drawn from Motoine-Ngong River in Nairobi were randomly selected for the study. A total of 241 farmers completed the presented choice cards for the choice model estimation. A random parameter logit model was used to estimate the individual level willingness to pay for wastewater treatment. The results show that urban and peri-urban farmers are willing to pay significant monthly municipality taxes for treatment of wastewater. Conclusion of this study was that, quality of treated wastewater, quantity of treated wastewater and the riverine ecosystem restoration are significant factors of preference over policy alternative designs in wastewater treatment and reuse.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
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Verga, Juliana 1984. "Algoritmos para redes de transporte multimodal aplicado ao tráfego urbano." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260596.
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Orientadores: Akebo Yamakami, Ricardo Coelho SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: A teoria de grafos é comumente utilizada na área da engenharia para resolver problemas que podem ser representados na forma de redes. Dentre diversos problemas abordados, o problema de transporte multimodal é um dos que podem ser modelados por grafos. Este trabalho apresenta três algoritmos para redes de transporte multimodal aplicados ao tráfego urbano. O primeiro algoritmo é de carregamento incremental de fluxo e aborda incertezas nos custos e nas capacidades dos arcos utilizando a teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy. Neste caso, o problema foi modelado através de subgrafos, onde cada modo de transporte considerado é representado por um subgrafo e o grafo total é a união de todos os subgrafos. O segundo é um algoritmo de caminho mínimo para grafos coloridos com custos crisp e é baseado no algoritmo clássico de caminho mínimo de Ford-Moore-Bellman. O terceiro algoritmo é de carregamento incremental de fluxo e utiliza o segundo algoritmo para encontrar os caminhos mínimos multimodais. Neste caso os custos e capacidades são crisp e assim como no primeiro algoritmo, os custos dependem do fluxo. A modelagem com relação ao segundo e ao terceiro algoritmo, foi feita utilizando grafos coloridos, onde cada modo de transporte é representado por uma cor
Abstract: The graph theory is commonly used in the area of engineering to solve problems that can be represented in the form of networks. Among several problems, the multimodal transport problem is one that can be modeled by graphs. This work presents three algorithms for multimodal transport networks applied to urban traffic. The first algorithm is of incremental loading flow and deals uncertainties in costs and in capacities of arcs using the fuzzy sets theory. In this case the problem was modeled by subgraphs, where each mode of transport considered is represented by a subgraph and the total graph is the union of all subgraphs. The second, is an algorithm of shortest path for colored graphs with crisp costs and is based in the classical shortest path algorithm of Ford-Moore-Bellman. The third algorithm is of incremental loading flow and uses the second algorithm to find the multimodal shortest paths. In this case the costs and the capacities are crisp and thus in the first algorithm, the costs depend on the flow. The modeling with respect to the second and third algorithm was done using colored graphs, where each transport mode is represented by a color
Doutorado
Automação
Doutora em Engenharia Elétrica
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Saleh, Wafaa Saleh Shoukry. "The dependent availability logit model and its application to the intercity travel in Egypt." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332821.
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Mitchell, Johanna Kate. "Reconsidering the logic and practice of urban housing intervention: An exploration of urban consolidation policy narratives and their implications for sustainability and equity." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/85188.
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This thesis examines the rhetoric and reality of urban consolidation policy as it is applied in Australia. Focusing on housing innovations implemented in an exemplar sustainable greyfields redevelopment precinct in Fremantle, Western Australia, the research considers the extent to which ‘actually existing’ sustainability and affordability are achieved in practice. The findings reveal the way the current logic and practice of urban housing intervention functions to advance business-as-usual trends and maintain unsustainable and inequitable outcomes.
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MASCIA, CLAUDIA. "L'atlante dell'abitare rom in Europa. La definizione di un quadro conoscitivo per il superamento della logica dell'emergenza." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266291.
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Butts, Jonathan J. "Community and social justice in New Deal-era urban literature." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Hu, Songhua. "Family background and life chances in urban China, 1950-1996 /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Aissaoui, Hind. "Choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages en milieu urbain : les apports récents des modèles de choix discrets en présence d'un nombre élevé d'alternatives." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2093/document.
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Cette thèse, portant sur le choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages, s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de la microéconomie urbaine et de l’utilité aléatoire. Si l’approche des choix discrets reste la plus appropriée dans ce domaine, la difficulté réside dans l’adaptation de ce type de modèles au contexte spatial (autocorrélation spatiale, grand nombre d’alternatives de choix) d’une part, et dans la manière de définir l’échelle de désagrégation d’autre part. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé en deux temps. Nous avons estimé un logit multinomial avec un échantillon aléatoire d’alternatives pour comprendre le processus de choix de localisation résidentielle, avant de tester l’apport d’une structure hiérarchique pour traiter les problèmes d’autocorrélation spatiale. Cela a aussi permis l’investigation d’une nouvelle méthode de correction des biais liés à l’échantillonnage d’alternatives dans le cas du modèle logit emboîté. En termes de résultats, nous avons montré que la qualité de l’environnement social est le facteur le plus déterminant, sans remettre en cause le poids toujours important de l’accessibilité à l’emploi. Au plan méthodologique, nous avons été en mesure de tester l’apport de l’utilisation d’un modèle logit emboîté pour analyser les choix de localisation de l’aire urbaine de Lyon. Cependant, nous n’avons pas pu dépasser la difficulté de séparer l’autocorrélation spatiale et entre les nids. Le calage du modèle de choix de localisation en 1999 et en 2007 a aussi permis de donner des éléments de réponse sur la transférabilité temporelle des modèles de choix de localisation et de questionner, dans les travaux futurs, le pouvoir prédictif d’un modèle de choix de localisationThis thesis, focusing on the choice of residential location, is based on the theoretical framework of urban micro-economy and random utility. Though discrete choice modelling is the most appropriate in this field, the difficulty lies in choosing the appropriate model to the spatial context of residential location choice (spatial autocorrelation, large number of alternatives), on the one hand, and in the way of defining the spatial scale, on the other hand. For this purpose, we proceeded in two stages. We estimated a multinomial logit with random sampling of alternatives to understand the process of residential location choice before taking into account the spatial autocorrelation, and estimating a nested logit model. It also allowed to investigate the feasibility of applying a new method to correct biases of sampling alternatives in the case of nested logit model. In terms of results, we have shown that social environment are the most important determinants of residential location choice. Though job accessibility still weigh on household choice decision. In terms of methodology, we were able to test the feasibility of estimating a nested logit model with sampling of alternatives to analyze the choice of location of Lyon urban area. However, we could not overcome the difficulty of distinguishing spatial autocorrelation from nesting. The use of 1999 and 2007 databases to model residential location choice also helped to provide answers on the temporal transferability of location choice models and discuss in future work the predictive power of a location choice model
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Figueira, Tânia Maria Bulhões. "Produção urbana da cidade contemporânea: os rebatimentos morfológicos dos condomínios urbanísticos e loteamentos fechados de alto padrão da Avenida Professor João Fiúsa e Rodovia José Fregonesi no tecido urbano de Ribeirão Preto/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102132/tde-26062013-170244/.
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O trabalho analisa as dinâmicas territoriais contemporâneas e os fluxos de metropolização promovidos em áreas de expansão urbana, tendo como estudo Ribeirão Preto, cidade de médio porte localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo/Brasil. O município, com área de 650,955 Km², apresenta 604.682 habitantes, conforme o censo de 2010 promovido pelo IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. É um dos principais parques agroindustriais brasileiros compondo a terceira região de maior relevância econômica do estado de São Paulo - principal região econômica do país -, com um produto interno bruto per capita igual a 28.100,52 reais [sendo o produto interno bruto per capita brasileiro igual a 21.252,41 reais, segundo o mesmo censo]. O período entre a década de 1980 e os anos 2000 foi marcado por um extraordinário desenvolvimento econômico da região de Ribeirão Preto com desdobramentos na urbanização de seu território contíguo. De forma semelhante ao que ocorreu nas principais metrópoles brasileiras, a cidade passou a produzir e experimentar situações urbanas decorrentes das novas lógicas de organização econômica e social, com particular articulação em relação aos interesses imobiliários. A lógica do mercado imobiliário, coligada ao modelo de acumulação vigente nos últimos quarenta anos - marcado pela financeirização da economia -, possui rebatimentos na configuração do espaço urbano. A privatização de frações consideráveis do território, principalmente em áreas de expansão, apresenta-se como produto e preceito da conformação espacial atual, colaborando para o acirramento de processos de segregação morfológica e social dos ambientes urbanos e de transformação dos valores públicos e culturais. Este modelo de expansão, cindido da conformação histórica da cidade e alimentado pela flexibilização da legislação urbana, cria condições para o surgimento de problemas que associam um desenho urbano tributário da iniciativa privada a processos de gentrification. A resultante é uma urbanização dispersa, contudo, conectada à estrutura urbana existente por um viário que estimula o transporte individual em detrimento de sistemas coletivos. O problema de tal constituição urbana não está no fato de responder às demandas provenientes do novo modelo de acumulação, mas sim de reduzir-se apenas a isso, voltando-se exclusivamente às dinâmicas econômicas e, portanto, estando divorciada das dimensões políticas e de cidadania da sociedade. O trabalho busca compreender as novas produções em curso dos espaços urbanos, investigando as privatizações de áreas significativas do território de Ribeirão Preto: os condomínios urbanísticos e loteamentos fechados de alto padrão [de usos habitacionais e mistos] localizados em áreas de expansão urbana, particularmente implantados em regiões adjacentes à Avenida Professor João Fiúsa e à Rodovia José Fregonesi [SP-328], os quais parecem prescindir do conceito de cidade conformada historicamente, produzindo no limite [e contraditoriamente] um urbanismo sem cidade.The work analyzes the current territorial dynamics and its metropolization flows at urban growth areas. The city chosen as the object of study was Ribeirão Preto, a São Paulo state inner city, which is classified as a medium-sized one. It has a population of 604.682 inhabitants in a 650,955 Km² area according to the 2010 census. Well known as one of the main agribusiness centers in the country, Ribeirão Preto represents the third most important economy of São Paulo state and plays a major role in the Brazilian economy. Contrasting with Brazil GDP of R$21.252,41, Ribeirão Preto has a GDP of R$28.100,52, both values per capita. Between 1980 and 2000 decades a remarkable economic development and urbanization improvement were noticed at Ribeirão Preto. As other major Brazilian metropolis, the city began to produce and experience urban situations derived from novel economic and social logics of organization with a particular articulation connected to real estate interests. The property market logic linked to an accumulation model - marked by economy financialisation -, which has been applied in the last forty years, has reverberated on urban space structural configuration. The privatization of significant fractions of the urban territory is presented as a product and provision of current spaces conformation, especially in their expansion areas. It contributes to worsening some urban processes with regards to morphological and social segregation and the transformation of public and cultural values. This urban expansion model is interpreted as one whose historical values are diminished or even not existent. It is fueled by the easing of urban legislation and increases problems involving an urban design derived from private initiatives to the gentrification process. The result is an urban sprawl which is connected to the urban sites through highways systems that stimulates individualities rather than a sense of collectiveness. The problem highlighted by this urban constitution is not only related to its response of economical demands, but it is reduced exclusively to that. This urban model has been accumulating several negative critiques, particularly concerning the divorce between the political and social dimensions of society. Based on it, the work aims the understanding of the redefinition of urban spaces. Hence, some urban private areas that exemplify this dynamic were selected: the high level private condominiums located at expansion areas, especially on Professor João Fiúsa Avenue and José Fregonesi Highway, which seems to abstract the whole concept of a city shaped historically, producing at most [and contradictorily] urban spaces without an actual city.
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Pirhosseinloo, Hengameh. "habiter la façade : la conquête d'une épaisseur sensible : les dispositifs de façade épaisse dans les logements collectifs des écoquartiers : ocnception architecturale et ambiances." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH019.
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Dans le contexte actuel des conceptions et réalisations architecturales, la façade s’est éloignée de sa traditionnelle fonction de mur séparateur filtrant la lumière, pour se diversifier en une variété d’espaces de plus en plus complexes, gagnant de ce fait même une épaisseur modulable. Les balcons, loggias, terrasses, coursives, issues de différentes cultures, déclinent aujourd’hui de nouvelles propositions spatiales, ambiantales et comportementales. L’hypothèse générale de cette thèse est que l’ensemble de ces espaces intermédiaires regroupés sous l’intitulé de dispositifs de façade épaisse (DFE) participe pleinement à la conception et au vécu du logement contemporain. Les DFE appartiennent à la famille des « espaces intermédiaires », c’est à dire des lieux caractérisant la zone transitionnelle séparant deux espaces aux degrés d’intimité différents, aménageant les liens intérieur/extérieur, permettant des porosités avec les éléments naturels, le voisinage, le contexte urbain ou le grand territoire. Par définition, les DFE agissent comme interfaces génératrices d’expériences sensorielles et sensibles. L’analyse de trois écoquartiers (à Grenoble et à Paris) permet d’explorer la variété typologique des bâtis ; la diversité des rôles attribués par les résidents aux DFE témoigne : surface supplémentaire à celle du logement, sas d’entrée dans l’espace privé, espace représentatif pour le bâti, filtre régulateur des facteurs ambiantaux, modularité de l’intimité et augmentation de la qualité de vie du logement… En conclusion, la thèse montre comment l’étude des ambiances des DFE permet de mettre à jour les enjeux transversaux et contemporains de la conception de ce type d’espaces intermédiaires, en proposant plusieurs champs d’interrogation aux concepteurs : un DFE dans son contexte, un espace à forte appropriation modulable, un accès à la nature, un espace de jeu pour les cinq sens, un lieu intime et un lieu convivial. Concevoir le logement et penser les ambiances des DFE à travers cette grille devient alors pour le concepteur une démarche d’élargissement et d’enrichissement de son projet d’habitation.Mots-clés : Interface épaisse, Balcon, Loggia, Terrasse, Coursive, Ambiances, Appropriation, Habiter, Modularité, Ecoquartier, Techno-sensibleIn the current context of architectural design and developments, the facade shifted away from its traditional function of dividing, light-filtering wall. It is now diversified in an array of increasingly complex spaces, thus growing in adjustable thickness. Balconies, loggias, terraces, corridors, all stemming from different cultures, developed nowadays new spatial, environmental and behavioural propositions. The general hypothesis of this thesis is that the ensemble of intermediary spaces (balconies, loggias, terraces, corridors), brought together under the name “Thick facade devices” (TFD), fully takes part in the design and the experience of contemporary housing. TFDs belong to the “intermediary spaces” family, i.e. places characterising a transition area that separates two spaces with two different degrees of intimacy, establishing connections between the inside and the outside, enabling permeability with natural elements, neighbours, the urban context or the bigger territory. By definition, TFDs work as interfaces that generate sensory and perceptible experience. The analysis of three eco-districts (in Grenoble and Paris) allows to explore the typological variety of the built environment ; the diversity in the roles given to the TFDs by the residents is telling: additional surface to the housing, entrance hall into the house, representative space for the building, regulating filter of the ambiance factors, modularity of intimacy and increase of the place’s quality of life. In conclusion, the thesis shows how the study of TFD ambiances can highlight cross-cutting and contemporary challenges regarding the design of intermediary spaces. Several questions are proposed to designers : TFDs in his context, a space with strong adjustable appropriation, an access to nature, an area to play with the five senses, an intimate and convivial place. For the architect, designing housing and considering the TFDs’ ambiances through this grid thus becomes a strategy to expand and enhance his housing project.Keyword: thick interface, balcony, loggia, terrace, corridor, ambiances, appropriation, inhabiting, modularity, ecodistrict, techno-sensitive
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Ahmad, Sadaf. "Al-Huda the story of "Islamic" revivalism amongst urban Pakistani women /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Tarkhanyan, L. "Urban design and drug crime : uncovering the spatial logic of drug crime in relation to the urban street network and land use mosaic in London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464459/.
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This multidisciplinary research is concerned with the ways in which the morphology of the urban landscape may affect the spatial distribution of drug crime incidents. Following from this rationale, the research pursued the following three objectives. First, the research explored where drug dealers are known to sell drugs, and the extent to which and in what ways these places differ from those places that they do not. In particular, the research focused on examining whether the types of places at which drugs are sold have the street network characteristics of places that offer good retail potential. Employing space syntax technique and event count regression models, the analysis showed that street permeability and proximity to high street significantly increase the likelihood of drug crime. Second, the research examined drug crime in relation to legal facilities, which inherently and routinely generate large flows of people. Using network distance buffers, the criminogenic fields of the facilities were identified. The regression results showed that not only the facility itself attracts crime, but the facility’s specific configurational positioning on the street network also influences the likelihood of crime. The last part of the research examined the relative positioning of drug dealing locations in the city with reference to the level of permeability, the drug types and quantities being sold per street segments. The results showed a spatial differentiation amongst varying drug types according to their drug classes. The overall picture suggested that the urban fabric, particularly the characteristics of the street network configuration and the way land uses are distributed across the street network, have a great effect on drug occurrences.
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Gonzalez, Beltran Erika. "Prenatal physical activity patterns and determinants in an urban Ecuadorian population." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Sampaio, Josà Nazareno de Paula. "Modelo de previsÃo de insolvÃncia de cooperativas de crÃdito mÃtuo urbanas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1742.
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Universidade Federal do CearÃDesde o ano de 2000 que as cooperativas de crÃdito brasileiras tÃm experimentado um crescimento contÃnuo no nÃmero de novas unidades. De outro modo os bancos brasileiros tem diminuÃdo em quantidade pelo processo de aquisiÃÃo e concentraÃÃo. Este crescimento das cooperativas pode estar associado com um maior risco para os associados. Este trabalho investiga as causas de falÃncias das cooperativas de crÃdito dos profissionais de saÃde no Brasil. Para tanto busca fornecer um modelo de alerta precoce que informe aos gestores e supervisores do risco de insolvÃncia, fazendo uso de uma anÃlise de regressÃo logÃstica de Ãndices financeiros. Foi estimado um modelo de prediÃÃo de insolvÃncia que fosse parcimonioso e acurado. Este trabalho provà informaÃÃes adicionais a outros estudos brasileiros sobre falÃncia em cooperativas de crÃdito, de trÃs modos: à um estudo de abrangÃncia nacional, trata com cooperativa de crÃdito mÃtuo urbano, usa uma moderna tÃcnica estatÃstica com dados em painel, o que permite capturar as diferenÃas entre as cooperativas. O presente estudo tambÃm fornece uma maneira racional para a escolha do cut-off. Os resultados sugerem que provisÃo para emprÃstimo em atraso para total do ativo, Total de emprÃstimo para Total de ativo, Total de emprÃstimo para Total de depÃsitos e PatrimÃnio LÃquido Passivo total, sÃo os preditores mais significativos da insolvÃncias das cooperativas. De modo contrÃrio as Despesas Operacionais para Receitas Operacionais e Despesas Operacionais para ativo total nÃo indicam ser significativas em prever a insolvÃncia.
Since the year of 2000 Brazilians credit cooperatives has experienced a increasing growth in number of units. On the other hand Brazilians banks decreased their number, by the process of acquisition and concentration. This growth may imply increasing risk for the associates. This paper empirically investigates the causes of failures of credit cooperatives of heath professionals in Brazil. A goal of this paper is provide a early warning model that inform managers and supervisors of a risks of default, by using logistic regression analysis of financial ratios. It was estimate a default prediction model that was parsimonious and accurate. This work provided additional information over other Brazilian studies of credit cooperatives failure by three ways: it is a national wide study, deals with urban mutual credit cooperative, uses modern statistic technique panel data which can capture the differences across cooperatives. It also provided a reasonable for the choosing of cut-off. The results suggest that provision for bad debts over total assets, total loans over total assets, total loans over total deposits are the most significant predictors of credit cooperative failure. Operational expenses over operational incomes and operational expenses over total assets, contrary, do not seem to be significant indicators of failure
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Chiu, Kuan-Shiu. "Adaptive optimization of intelligent flow control." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288014.
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Camacho, Gema Liliana. "GIS-based tool for assessing hydraulic performance of drainage infrastructure system in El Paso." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Chen, Jiehua. "Regression models with spatially correlated residuals : applications to urban core growth in China /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Lima, Fernando Tadeu de Araújo. "Métricas Urbanas: sistema (para)métrico para análise e otimização de configurações urbanas de acordo com métricas de avaliação de desempenho." Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro, 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7009.
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PROQUALI (UFJF)
Esta investigação centra-se na elaboração de um sistema que articula métricas de avaliação de desempenho a recursos e funcionalidades algorítmico-paramétricas, de maneira a permitir analisar e otimizar diferentes aspectos relativos ao grau de eficiência e às possibilidades de operação de configurações geométricas e algébricas de uma determinada área urbana. Neste âmbito, esta tese aborda o uso de recursos computacionais e ferramentas algorítmicas especificamente elaboradas para mensurar a performance de áreas urbanas, sob a perspectiva de princípios objetivamente mensuráveis do Desenvolvimento Orientado pelo Transporte (DOT), um modelo de desenvolvimento urbano que visa a cidades mais autônomas e mais sustentáveis. Mais especificamente, a presente pesquisa visa a verificar como atributos mensuráveis, geométricos e algébricos (e, portanto, programáveis) do DOT podem ser implementados por meio de um modelo computacional que utiliza métodos de otimização para dar suporte à tomada de decisão no processo de projetos urbanos. Assim, este trabalho é orientado no sentido da elaboração de um sistema que possa ser integrado a processos de projeto urbano, fornecendo suporte à organização de bairros e cidades e contribuindo para o aprimoramento das possibilidades de análise e proposição em contextos urbanísticos.
This research focuses on the development of a system that articulates performance evaluation metrics to algorithmic-parametric features and functionalities, in order to analyze and optimize different aspects related to the degree of efficiency and to the possibilities of operation of geometric and algebraic configurations of a given urban area. In this context, this thesis deals with the use of computational resources and algorithmic tools specifically designed to assess the performance of urban areas, from the perspective of objectively measurable principles of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), an urban development model aimed at more autonomous and sustainable cities. More specifically, the present research aims at verifying how TOD's measurable, geometric and algebraic (and therefore programmable) attributes can be implemented through a computational model that uses optimization methods to support decision making in urban design processes. Thus, this work is oriented toward the elaboration of a system that can be integrated to urban design processes, providing support to the organization of neighborhoods and cities and contributing to the improvement of analysis and proposition possibilities in urbanistic contexts.
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Thierry, Clémentine. "Ville et fortifications : de l'héritage à la production du territoire urbain." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1034/document.
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Nombreuses sont les villes françaises à abriter des éléments d’architecture militaire (citadelles, casernes, bastions,murailles, etc.). Bien que les fonctions défensives à l’origine de ces ouvrages soient peu à peu tombées en désuétude,ceux-ci sont ancrés dans les tissus urbains des cités qui les abritent aujourd’hui encore. Ils participent des morphologiesurbaines, des schémas fonctionnels et, plus globalement, de la manière dont la notion de ville est appréhendée.Les villes font dorénavant face à de nouveaux enjeux qui poussent à renouveler les cadres au travers desquelles ellessont traditionnellement approchées. L’étalement urbain, ses conséquences, la nécessité de tendre vers un urbanismerenouvelé et plus durable amènent à porter un nouveau regard sur les fortifications urbaines. Au-delà de son aspectsymbolique, ce type d’architecture est marqué par des caractéristiques spatiales hors-normes (localisation, volumétrie,géométrie) qui engagent à l’analyser au travers des prismes méthodologiques et conceptuels que fournit la géographie.Comment l’héritage des fortifications urbaines peut-il aujourd’hui être mobilisé afin de créer un espace urbain cohérent,tant sur le plan spatial que social ou symbolique et ainsi répondre aux aspiration des villes actuelles ?La première partie de la thèse porte sur les enjeux auxquels les “villes fortes” sont aujourd’hui confrontées (modernisation,croissance étalement urbain, etc.) et la manière dont leurs “ouvrages lourds” sont affectés. La deuxième partiedu travail s’attache à caractériser le phénomène des “villes fortes” en France aujourd’hui par le biais d’approchesdescriptives, empiriques et statistiques qui permettent de formaliser et d’analyser les logiques et les règles qui régissentle devenir des anciens ouvrages défensifs. La dernière partie de la thèse étudie le potentiel d’urbanisation des zones etouvrages militaires et propose de mesurer l’impact de leur transformation en logements dans le cadre d’un scénariode renouvellement urbain compact pour la ville de Besançon. Il s’agit d’évaluer les conséquences de telles mesuressur le schéma fonctionnel des villes et les formes urbaines. L’ensemble de ces travaux montre l’intérêt du recours auxouvrages défensifs dans le cadre d’un urbanisme à la fois renouvelé, mais aussi plus “durable”, en conformité avec lesformes urbaines, les demandes contemporaines et les projets des villesA large number of french cities host military historical edifices (citadels, barracks, bastions, defensive walls, etc.). Although their initial defensive functions have been lost over time, these edifices remain deeply rooted in the urban fabric of their host cities. They continue exerting an impact on these cities’ urban morphology and modern-time functions as well as the way in which the concept of city is understood. Cities nowadays face some new challenges,the increasing awareness of urban sprawl and its consequences, coupled with an urge to promote a renewed and sustainable urbanism, invites us to adopt new approaches to study urban fortifications. In addition to their symbolic aspect, fortifications are characterized by their out-of-the-common spatial measure (location, volume and geometry),requiring researchers to use methodologies and geographical concepts for their academic endeavour. Against this background : how can urban fortifications be used to create urban space that is spatially, socially and symbolically coherent with their historical heritage and that also satisfies the functional need of modern cities ?The first part of this doctoral dissertation present modern-day challenges that fortified cities face (modernisation,urban expansion and sprawl, etc.), and the ways in which their “heavy buildings” are affected. The second part sheds light on the relationships between cities and their fortifications, thanks to descriptive, empirical and statistical analyses. The statistical study noticeably builds on a database to examine the rationale and rules underpinning there habilitation of ancient military edifices. The last part of the dissertation proposes an evaluation of the potential of rehabilitating ancient military edifices and spaces for modern urban usage. For this purpose the impact of transforming these fortifications into residential blocks is assessed in a fortified French city (Besançon). This assessment aims at evaluating the consequences of such urban planning measures on urban morphology and functions. Overall, the analysis provided in that doctoral dissertation demonstrates that ancient military buildings have their place in contemporary urban planning. They help to achieve a renewed and sustainable urban design in line with the urban morphology,modern social and functional requirements and the development perspectives in their host cities
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Choi, Eugene. "Adaptive Reuse of Religious Buildings in the U.S: Determinants of Project Outcomes and the Role of Tax Credits." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1276711021.
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Koszewska, Joanna. "Dobro wspólne w przestrzeni miasta : analiza porównawcza w Polsce i we Francji na przykładach wybranych dzielnic Warszawy i Paryża." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL054.pdf.
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Le travail aborde la gestion de l’espace urbain, en vue de la question du bien commun. En Pologne, le bien commun est inscrit dans le système juridique comme une base philosophique des lois. Une analyse parallèle des transformations urbaines présentant des caractéristiques morphologiques et historiques similaires a été réalisée : à Varsovie (Powiśle) et à Paris (Zone d'aménagement Concerté Paris Rive Gauche). L’analyse de la planification institutionnelle a été complétée par une description des initiatives socialement gérées : à Varsovie Jazdów et à Paris Grands Voisins. Le constat est que le système français confère à l’État et aux collectivités locales une position forte et des outils pour une planification urbaine opérationnelle, une gestion efficace de l’espace dans l’intérêt du bien commun. Parfois, ils limitent la liberté des acteurs privés, sociaux et institutionnels ainsi que certains droits civiques, tels que le droit de propriété, au profit d’un intérêt public (droits de préemption, lotissement et ZAC). La ZAC spécifie le cadre de la participation d’une entité sociale (association de citoyens).En Pologne, le système urbain présente davantage de caractéristiques de liberté, donnant à l'entité publique moins d'outils de contrainte administrative. Avec une position forte des entités privées (développeurs, ONG), il est difficile de rétablir un ordre spatial, qui conduit parfois au chaos, au détriment du bien public. Les procédures administratives diffèrent dans les deux pays, mais les initiatives de gestion sociale sont similaires. L'analyse des expériences de l'aménagement urbain français permet de formuler les recommandations pour le système polonaisThis work addresses the management of urban space as a question of common good. In Poland, the common good is inscribed in the legal system as the philosophical basis of law. A parallel analysis of urban transformations with similar morphological and historical characteristics was carried out: in Warsaw (Powiśle) and in Paris (Paris Rive Gauche Concerted Development Zone). The analysis of institutional planning was supplemented by a description of socially managed initiatives in Warsaw Jazdów and Paris Grands Voisins. The French system gives the State and local authorities a strong position and tools for operational urban planning and efficient management of space in the interest of common good. Sometimes these tools limit the freedom of private, social and institutional entities as well as certain civil rights, such as property rights, in favour of a public interest (pre-emptive rights, subdivision and ZAC). The ZAC specifies the framework for the participation of a social entity (citizens' association).In Poland, the urban system has more characteristics of freedom, giving the public entity less tools of administrative constraint. With a strong position of private entities (developers, NGOs), it is difficult to restore a spatial order, which sometimes leads to chaos, to the detriment of the public good. Administrative procedures differ in both countries, but social management initiatives are similar. The analysis of French urban planning case studies makes it possible to formulate the recommendations for the Polish system
W pracy podejmuję temat teoretycznych przesłanek do gospodarowania przestrzenią miejską oraz jego współczesnych przejawów prawnych i praktycznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kwestii dobra wspólnego. Dobro wspólne jest przedmiotem debaty akademickiej, a w przypadku Polski jest także wpisane w krajowy system prawny jako podstawa filozoficzna kształtowania regulacji prawnych. Do zbadania tego obszaru pojęciowego wykorzystano badania literaturowe, uzupełnione o obserwację toczącej się międzynarodowej dyskusji. Badania rozszerzono o studia przypadków głównych i uzupełniających oraz porównanie otrzymanych wyników. Punktem wyjścia badań jest analiza uwarunkowań podejmowania decyzji w zakresie zagospodarowania przestrzennego - urbanistycznego w Polsce, a dokładniej w Warszawie, w której przekształcenia terenów w ostatnich dekadach stały się szczególnie intensywne. Po przeglądzie uwarunkowań warszawskich, dotyczących obszaru Powiśla, poszerzono analizę o badania literaturowe i terenowe, dotyczące uwarunkowań francuskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wybranego obszaru Paryża: Zone d’Aménagement Concerté Paris Rive Gauche, podlegającego współcześnie zmianom w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Tereny dzielnic o znacznej powierzchni, stanowiące studium przypadku, wybrano z uwagi na zbliżone uwarunkowania morfologiczne i historyczne w miastach o odmiennej historii i ekonomii. Przypadki terenów, podlegających administracyjnemu zarządowi instytucjonalnemu i publicznemu, uzupełniono o opis przypadków, w których wybrane przestrzenie zarządzane są w sposób społecznościowy. W Warszawie przeanalizowano pod tym względem Jazdów, a w Paryżu Grands Voisins. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że francuski system prawny w zakresie planowania przestrzennego daje państwu i samorządom terytorialnym bardzo mocną pozycję i silne narzędzia urbanistyki operacyjnej, pozwalające skutecznie zarządzać przestrzenią w interesie dobra wspólnego. Niekiedy narzędzia te znacząco ograniczają swobodę działania pozostałych uczestników procesu: aktorów prywatnych, społecznych i instytucjonalnych. Niektóre z tych narzędzi ograniczają również wybrane prawa obywatelskie, jak np. prawo własności, dając w zamian możliwość realizacji interesu ogółu. Do takich narzędzi należą: prawo pierwokupu nieruchomości przez gminę, konieczność uzgadniania ewentualnych podziałów gruntu (lotissement) i ZAC (Zone d’Aménagement Concerté). 12 W ramach urbanistyki operacyjnej, a dokładnie operacji ZAC, szczegółowo określone są ramy, w których może uczestniczyć podmiot społeczny, jak np. stowarzyszenie obywateli. W Polsce system urbanistyczny wykazuje więcej cech wolnościowych, dając podmiotowi publicznemu mniej narzędzi przymusu administracyjnego. Dzisiaj, przy bardzo silnej pozycji podmiotów prywatnych (np. deweloperów, jak również rosnącej roli organizacji pozarządowych) utrudnia to zaprowadzenie ładu przestrzennego i prowadzi niekiedy do chaosu ze szkodą dla dobra ogółu. O ile oficjalne procedury administracyjne różnią się znacznie w obu krajach, o tyle inicjatywy oddolne, związane ze współzarządzaniem, wykazują wiele wspólnych cech w kwestii samoorganizacji. Analiza uwarunkowań francuskich pozwala na sformułowanie propozycji uwzględnienia
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Sifuentes, Rodríguez Carlos Alberto. "Ciudades colaterales : Las ciudades narradas de la frontera México-Estados Unidos en novelas urbanas recientes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL039.pdf.
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Le but de cette étude est de mener une approche comparative critique des villes racontées de la frontière américano-mexicaine dans un corpus de romans urbains récents. L'une des questions centrales est la formulation d'un modèle basé sur la représentation littéraire d'événements tels que la mise en œuvre, l'assimilation et la consolidation des imaginaires globaux dans les villes frontalières. Le modèle des villes collatérales est composé d'une série d'ordres que nous appelons panoramas urbains. Les scénarios que nous analysons correspondent aux hyper masculinités, à la mémoire traumatique et à l’allegalité transnationale. Le premier panorama se réfère à la représentation de la ville par rapport aux conflits narratifs dérivés du masculin et du féminin, en se concentrant sur des pratiques qui correspondent au modèle des masculinités hégémoniques. Le second panorama traite de la représentation de la dynamique entre mémoire et oubli, élément qui caractérise les espaces périphériques. Le dernier panorama examine les conflits qui naissent des tensions entre le légal et l'illégal qui se reflètent dans l'espace urbain. Pour aborder le modèle en question, les romans Nostalgia de la sombra (2002), d'Eduardo Antonio Parra; 2666 (2004), de Roberto Bolaño; Al otro lado (2008), d’Heriberto Yépez; et Indio borrado (2014), de Luis Felipe Lomelí sont étudiésThe purpose of this study is to carry out a critical comparative study of the narrated cities of the Mexico-US border in a corpus of recent urban novels. One of the central questions is the formulation of a model based on the literary representation of events such as the implementation, assimilation, and consolidation of global imagery in border cities. The collateral city model is made up of a series of orders which we call urban panoramas. The panoramas we analyze correspond to hypermasculinities, traumatic memory and transnational allegality. The first panorama refers to the representation of the city in relation to narrative conflicts derived from the masculine and feminine, focusing on practices that correspond to the model of hegemonic masculinities. The second panorama deals with the representation of the dynamics between memory and oblivion, an element that characterizes peripheral spaces. The last panorama examines the conflicts that arise from the tensions between the legal and the illegal that are reflected throughout the urban space. To approach the model in question, the following novels are studied: Nostalgia de la sombra (2002), by Eduardo Antonio Parra; 2666 (2004), by Roberto Bolaño; Al otro lado (2008), by Heriberto Yépez; and Indio borrado (2014), by Luis Felipe Lomelí
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Qian, Gongbin. "Effectiveness of eco-driving during queue discharge at urban signalised intersections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65352/1/Gongbin_Qian_Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigated the effectiveness of using an eco-driving strategy at urban signalised intersections from both the individual driver and the traffic flow perspective. The project included a field driving experiment and a series of traffic simulation investigations. The study found that the prevailing eco-driving strategy has negative impacts on traffic mobility and environmental performance when the traffic is highly congested. An improved eco-driving strategy has been developed to mitigate these negative impacts.
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Santoro, Alyson Eileen. "A multidisciplinary study of nearshore water quality along an urban coast : nitrogen cycling, algal blooms, and microbial pollutants /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Custodi, Giulia. "Architecture urbaine, Gender Mainstreaming et impact du féminisme." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL100.pdf.
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Ce travail de thèse explore les possibilités d’une architecture urbaine attentive aux questions de genre, sous un prisme féministe intersectionnel. Depuis la fin des années 1990, des expérimentations en ce sens ont commencé à devenir de plus en plus nombreuses, à partir de l’exemple pionnier de Vienne, devenue la ville de référence par excellence. Cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement aux expérimentations parisiennes, tout en gardant une vision comparative avec des projets dans d’autres villes européennes. En tant qu’axes influençant l’architecture urbaine, les politiques publiques et la militance sont aussi explorées, au niveau français et italien. Leur apport met en lumière les potentialités de réinvention symbolique et matérielle de l’architecture urbaine, basculant du système hétéropatriarcal vers plus d’inclusion et de justice spatiale. Les questions de fond de ce travail reposent sur l’influence des théories féministes dans la pratique professionnelle des architectes et urbanistes, sur leur rôle dans la transformation des approches à la ville et à l’urbanisme, ainsi que dans la transformation des esthétiques architecturales et urbaines. À travers une approche méthodologique située, réflexive et interdisciplinaire, issue des disciplines de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, le travail de terrain effectué a eu l’objectif de rechercher des tendances, des évolutions et des constantes dans les projets d’architecture urbaine genrée. En tenant compte de l’évolution temporelle des mentalités sur le genre, et de la prise de conscience de plus en plus profonde des questions féministes, cette thèse se positionne avec une approche critique vis-à-vis du Gender MainstreamingThis thesis explores the possibilities of a gender-sensitive urban architecture, under an intersectional feminist prism. Since the end of the 1990s, experiments in this direction have begun to become more and more numerous, starting from the pioneering example of Vienna, which has become the city of reference par excellence. This thesis is particularly interested in Parisian experiments, while keeping a comparative vision with projects in other European cities. As axes influencing urban architecture, public policies and activism are also explored, at the French and Italian level. Their contribution highlights the potential for symbolic and material reinvention of urban architecture, shifting from the heteropatriarchal system towards greater inclusion and spatial justice. The basic questions of this work are based on the influence of feminist theories in the professional practice of architects and urban planners, on their role in the transformation of approaches to the city and urban planning, as well as in the transformation of architectural and urban aesthetics. Through a situated, reflexive and interdisciplinary methodological approach, stemming from the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, the fieldwork carried out had the objective of seeking trends, evolutions and constants in the design process of gendered urban architecture. Taking into account the temporal evolution of mentalities on gender, and the increasingly deep awareness of feminist issues, this thesis has critical approach to Gender Mainstreaming
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Thapalia, Anita. "Zinc and copper isotopes as tracers of anthropogenic contamination in a sediment core from an urban lake." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Börjesson, Maria. "Issues in Urban Travel Demand Modelling : ICT Implications and Trip timing choice." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transporter och samhällsekonomi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4092.
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Travel demand forecasting is essential for many decisions, such as infrastructure investments and policy measures. Traditionally travel demand modelling has considered trip frequency, mode, destination and route choice. This thesis considers two other choice dimensions, hypothesised to have implications for travel demand forecasting. The first part investigates how the increased possibilities to overcome space that ICT (information and communication technology) provides, can be integrated in travel demand forecasting models. We find that possibilities of modelling substitution effects are limited, irrespective of data source and modelling approach. Telecommuting explains, however, a very small part of variation in work trip frequency. It is therefore not urgent to include effects from telecommuting in travel demand forecasting. The results indicate that telecommuting is a privilege for certain groups of employees, and we therefore expect that negative attitudes from management, job suitability and lack of equipment are important obstacles. We find also that company benefits can be obtained from telecommuting. No evidences that telecommuting gives rise to urban sprawl is, however, found. Hence, there is ground for promoting telecommuting from a societal, individual and company perspective. The second part develops a departure time choice model in a mixed logit framework. This model explains how travellers trade-off travel time, travel time variability, monetary and scheduling costs, when choosing departure time. We explicitly account for correlation in unobserved heterogeneity over repeated SP choices, which was fundamental for accurate estimation of the substitution pattern. Temporal constraints at destination are found to mainly restrict late arrival. Constraints at origin mainly restrict early departure. Sensitivity to travel time uncertainty depends on trip type and intended arrival time. Given appropriate input data and a calibrated dynamic assignment model, the model can be applied to forecast peak-spreading effects in congested networks. Combined stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data is used, which has provided an opportunity to compare observed and stated behaviour. Such analysis has previously not been carried out and indicates that there are systematic differences in RP and SP data.QC 20100825
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Sangermano, Maurizio. "An investigation into the relationship between turning signal and crash risk on urban roads." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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The relationship between the relative risk of a collision involving a turn maneuver and the configuration of both the rear and front turn signal (ON/OFF) was examined using data pooled from the answers of a survey proposed to 67 people. To perform the analyses, many videos have been collected during the tests campaign, both in urban and suburban areas, using a 360-camera attached to the motorcyclist’s helmet. In the videos the biker was riding along the street and was overtaking/passing a car stationary at an intersection which had the turn signal turned on. Different variations of this basic situation have been performed such as, adding a second car behind the first one, turning off the car’s blinker, changing the location of the tests (from urban to suburban area), changing the direction of the motorcycle (from having the same direction of the tester’s car to opposite direction). During the survey phase, people needed to answer a simple questionnaire- after having watched two videos (chosen among the twelve alternatives) using a virtual reality visor- containing, among the other questions, the one asking if they saw the car’s turn indicator turned on or not. The detection of the blinker was combined with other factors (e.g. age, gender, location, presence of the car behind the tester vehicle etc.) in a stepwise logistic regression that modelled the odds of detecting the turn signal turned on as a function of all of these factors.The analyses suggest that there is an association between detecting the turn signal switched on and, for example, being female, or not being a habitual biker, or being in suburban area. The differences in the analyses are discussed in terms of the attributes (age, gender, etc.) chosen for the different tests configurations. Further investigations of factors and data seem warranted before drawing more accurate conclusions regarding the turn signal and the association with the attributes of the model.
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Torres, Tânia Batistela. "Prevalência de fatores associados a acidentes viários no entorno de escolas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149799.
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Promover a segurança viária no entorno escolar é uma estratégia que contribui para que sejam construídas cidades seguras, saudáveis e sustentáveis. Nesse sentido, este estudo é dedicado a identificar a influência das características da estrutura urbana na frequência e na severidade dos acidentes no entorno de escolas de educação básica de Porto Alegre. A análise da frequência e da severidade de acidentes foi conduzida através da estimação de modelos econométricos: binomial negativo e logit ordenado, respectivamente. Para esses, foram calculados os efeitos marginais, permitindo a observação da magnitude dos impactos das variáveis explicativas sobre as variáveis dependentes. As variáveis dependentes frequência e severidade foram extraídas dos acidentes registrados em Porto Alegre entre 2012 e 2014. Foram incluídas, simultaneamente, variáveis da estrutura urbana, das escolas, socioeconômicas e dos acidentes (para a severidade). A partir do geoprocessamento dos dados existentes, os entornos escolares puderam ser caracterizados para três diferentes áreas circulares de análise (buffer ring) de raios de 100, 150 e 200 metros, permitindo a comparação do uso das diferentes áreas. O conjunto de estimativas indica que áreas menores produzem modelos de melhor desempenho para ambas as técnicas empregadas. No entanto, áreas maiores permitem a análise de maior quantidade de variáveis relativas à estrutura urbana. Essa relação sugere os benefícios da escolha a partir do trade-off entre ajuste do modelo e sua capacidade de propiciar análises de variáveis. Foi identificado que a frequência e a severidade de acidentes podem estar relacionadas a uma única variável explicativa de formas opostas – a partir de sinais contrários. Essa diferença de resultados para frequência e severidade de acidentes indica que há maiores benefícios em analisá-las em conjunto. Identificou-se ainda que existem benefícios para a segurança viária em áreas de estrutura urbana com quarteirões menores e maior quantidade de interseções de quatro vias, em frequência e severidade, respectivamente. Já as áreas mais arborizadas tendem a apresentar acidentes de menor severidade nos casos de usuários de modos ativos.Fostering road safety nearby schools is a strategy that contributes to build safe, healthy and sustainable cities. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of the built environment characteristics in the frequency and severity of accidents nearby elementary and secondary schools in Porto Alegre. The frequency and severity of the accidents were analyzed using econometric models: negative binomial and ordered logit, respectively. The evaluation of their marginal effects allowed the magnitude of the impact caused by the explanatory variable on the dependent variables to be observed. The measured variables frequency and severity were extracted from accidents registered in Porto Alegre from 2012 and 2014. Built environment, socioeconomic and school variables were also included, as well as accident data (for severity). Data geoprocessing allowed school surroundings to be characterized for three different buffer rings, measuring 100, 150 and 200 meters of radius. Thereby it was possible to compare the inclusion of different areas in the study. The estimations indicates that models based on smaller areas have better performances for both employed techniques, whereas larger areas allow the study of a bigger quantity of urban infrastructure variables. That indicates the benefits of choosing based on a trade-off between model adjustment and capacity to engender the analysis of variables. It was shown that frequency and severity of accidents could be related to a single explanatory variable in opposite ways – based on contrary signs. This difference in the results found for frequency and severity indicates that there are more benefits when analyzing them together. Moreover, there are benefits for road safety in areas where the city blocks are shorter and where there are more four-way intersections, in frequency and severity of accidents, respectively. Also, areas of more important afforestation tend to decrease the severity of accidents involving users of active modes.
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Braga, Guilherme de Souza. "Sistema automatizado baseado em língua eletrônica para monitoração de água para abastecimento urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-03042012-121047/.
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A presente tese trata do desenvolvimento de uma língua eletrônica (LE) e da avaliação de seu uso na detecção de 2-metilisoborneol (MIB), geosmina (GEO) e isoborneol (ISO) em amostras de água. A água abastecida à região metropolitana de São Paulo provém de mananciais, os quais estão sujeitos à ploriferação de algas (eutrofização). Muitas delas podem ser tóxicas e ainda produzir compostos, como MIB e GEO, substâncias reconhecidas por provocar gosto e odor desagradáveis na água que consumimos. De fato, a presença de MIB e GEO na água é uma das maiores fontes de reclamação por parte dos consumidores junto à companhia de saneamento e abastecimento de São Paulo (SABESP). Apesar disso, ainda não existem tecnologias que possam ser aplicadas para a detecção in locu dessas substâncias. A LE usada nesta tese foi baseada em um arranjo de sensores químicos não-específicos, formados por microeletrodos interdigitados de ouro recobertos com filmes poliméricos nanoestruturados depositados pela técnica de automontagem e interrogados sob regime de corrente alternada. A calibração da LE foi realizada com soluções de concentração determinada de GEO, MIB e ISO preparadas em água destilada, mineral e de torneira. Foram avaliadas tanto soluções individuais contendo um único contaminante, quanto misturas contendo MIB e GEO. A resposta elétrica dos sensores (medidas de capacitância), foram interpretadas por análise das componentes principais (PCA) e por lógica Fuzzy, com as quais a LE consegue discriminar as diversas amostras com relativa facilidade e confiabilidade. Dentre as principais observações dessa investigação, notou-se que a LE desenvolvida consegue detectar MIB e GEO em amostras de água reais em concentrações tão baixas quanto 20 ng L-1. Os gráficos de PCA mostram a separação das amostras em clusters relativamente pequenos, bem separados e sem sobreposição. A LE é capaz de identificar de forma direta, a partir de variações na primeira componente principal, variações na razão molar nGEO/nMIB em misturas de MIB e GEO. Em um caso mais próximo da realidade, a LE consegue discriminar com relativa facilidade, amostras de água fornecidas pela SABESP, coletadas do sistema Guarapiranga antes e após a estação de tratamento. As taxas de acerto da LE usando os controladores Fuzzy desenvolvidos são próximas de 100% para a maioria das amostras. A menor taxa de acerto (93,33%) ocorreu com as amostras preparadas em água de torneira. Adicionalmente, nenhuma amostra de água pura foi classificada como contendo algum contaminante, ou seja, não houve falsos positivos. Conclui-se, portanto que a LE desenvolvida, tanto em termos de sensores quanto de análise de dados, apresenta potencial para monitoramento de MIB e GEO nos reservatórios de água, fornecendo em tempo real e in loco informações sobre a qualidade da água provinda da estação de tratamento. A tese também apresenta alguns resultados da preparação de filmes poliméricos com impressão molecular para aplicação em sensores específicos, obtidos durante o estágio na Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona.Water from São Paulo metropolitan area comes from water reservoirs, which are prone to algae bloom (eutrophication). These algae can be toxic and produce compounds, such as geosmin (GEO) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) that give unpleasant taste and odour to the water supplied to consumers. In fact, their presence in water is one of the major complains of consumers to São Paulo\'s water company (SABESP). Despite that, technologies that can be applied for monitoring these substances in real time and in locu are still not available. In this sense, the present thesis work has focused on the development of an electronic tongue system (ET) and evaluate its performance on detecting MIB, GEO and isoborneol (ISO) in water samples. The ET is based on an array of non-specific chemical sensors, which are made of gold interdigitated microelectrodes covered with nanostructured polymeric films deposited via the layer-by-layer technique and interrogated in alternate current regime. The ET calibration was conducted by analyzing distilled, mineral and tap water samples tainted with known concentrations of MIB, GEO and ISO. The samples were solutions with a single tainting compound and solutions containing MIB and GEO mixed together. The sensors\' electrical response (capacitance measurements) was interpreted by principal component analysis (PCA) and Fuzzy logic. Among the main features of this work, the present ET presents a detection limit of about 20 ng L-1 for both tainting compounds. The ET can also discriminate with great easiness and confiability individual and mixture samples. PCA plots show that samples are grouped into relatively small and well-separeted clusters (no overlapping). The ET is also capable of detect, based on changes on the first principal component, changes in the nGEO/nMIB molar ratio of mixed samples. Also, the ET can discriminate with great easiness, water samples supplied by SABESP, collected at Guarapiranga\'s reservoir, before and after the water treatment plant. The influence of the water type on the sensors\' response has little significance when the Fuzzy controller is employed. The ET with the Fuzzy controller presents an excellent performance with very low error rates: 0.25% (distilled water), 5% (mineral water) and 6.66% (tap water). Besides that, Fuzzy logic results can be displayed in simpler plots which ensures easier readings of hit and error rates of the ET. Also, the numeric values (compound concentration) can be replaced by linguistic variables such as proper and improper. Finally, it can be concluded that the ET developed herein, when considering sensor and data analysis, shows a great potential for monitoring MIB and GEO in water reservoirs, providing in real time and in locu information about water quality in treatment stations. This thesis also presents the study on the assembly of molecularly imprinted polymeric films to be used in specific chemical sensors, carried out during the internship at the Universidade Autonoma de Barcelona.
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Raharjo, Tatok Raharjo. "The Effects of Age and Gender on Pedestrian Traffic Injuries: A Random Parameters and Latent Class Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6360.
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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users because they do not have any protection while they walk. They are unlike cyclists and motorcyclists who often have at least helmet protection and sometimes additional body protection (in the case of motorcyclists with body-armored jackets and pants). In the US, pedestrian fatalities are increasing and becoming an ever larger proportion of overall roadway fatalities (NHTSA, 2016), thus underscoring the need to study factors that influence pedestrian-injury severity and potentially develop appropriate countermeasures. One of the critical elements in the study of pedestrian-injury severities is to understand how injuries vary across age and gender ‒ two elements that have been shown to be critical injury determinants in past research. In the current research effort, 4829 police-reported pedestrian crashes from Chicago in 2011 and 2012 are used to estimate multinomial logit, mixed logit, and latent class logit models to study the effects of age and gender on resulting injury severities in pedestrian crashes. The results from these model estimations show that the injury severity level for older males, younger males, older females, and younger females are statistically different. Moreover, the overall findings also show that older males and older females are more likely to have higher injury-severity levels in many instances (if a crash occurs on city streets, state maintained urban roads, the primary cause of the crash is failing to yield right-of way, pedestrian entering/ leaving/ crossing is not at intersection, road surface condition is dry, and road functional class is a local road or street). The findings suggest that well-designed and well-placed crosswalks, small islands in two-way streets, narrow streets, clear road signs, provisions for resting places, and wide, flat sidewalks all have the potential to result in lower pedestrian-injury severities across age/gender combinations.
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Tahlyan, Divyakant. "Performance Evaluation of Choice Set Generation Algorithms for Modeling Truck Route Choice: Insights from Large Streams of Truck-GPS Data." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7649.
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This thesis evaluates truck route choice set generation algorithms and derives guidance on using the algorithms for effective generation of choice sets for modeling truck route choice. Specifically, route choice sets generated from a breadth first search link elimination (BFS-LE) algorithm are evaluated against observed truck routes derived from large streams of GPS traces of a sizeable truck fleet in the Tampa Bay region of Florida. A systematic evaluation approach is presented to arrive at an appropriate combination of spatial aggregation and minimum number of trips to be observed between each origin-destination (OD) location for evaluating algorithm-generated choice sets. The evaluation is based on both the ability to generate relevant routes that are typically considered by the travelers and the generation of irrelevant (or extraneous) routes that are seldom chosen. Based on this evaluation, the thesis offers guidance on effectively using the BFS-LE approach to maximize the generation of relevant routes. It is found that carefully chosen spatial aggregation can reduce the need to generate large number of routes for each trip. Further, estimation of route choice models and their subsequent application on validation datasets revealed that the benefits of spatial aggregation might be harnessed better if irrelevant routes are eliminated from the choice sets. Lastly, a comparison of route attributes of the relevant and irrelevant routes shed light on presence of systematic differences in route characteristics of the relevant and irrelevant routes.
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Piroozfar, Reza [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Zillich. "Fuzzy Logic: a Rule-Based Approach, in Search of a Justified Decision-Making Process in Urban Planning / Reza Piroozfar. Betreuer: Klaus Zillich." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021219665/34.
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Elgendy, Mohamed Moustafa M. A. "Condition assessment and data integration for GIS-based storm water drainage infrastructure management systems." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Machado, Rafaela César. "Prevalência de fatores associados à ocorrência de acidentes viários no entorno de pontos de parada em corredores de ônibus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158241.
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Com o crescimento da população em áreas urbanas, o transporte coletivo assume um importante papel nos deslocamentos diários nas cidades brasileiras. No entanto, o grande volume de pessoas no entorno desses sistemas podem resultar em pontos críticos de segurança viária. Recentemente, as pesquisas sobre melhorias na segurança viária estão se direcionando para a investigação da relação entre o ambiente construído - isto é, padrões de uso do solo; desenho urbano; e sistemas de transporte - e acidentalidade. Porém, a relação entre os sistemas de transporte coletivo por ônibus e o ambiente construído ainda é pouco explorada. O ponto mais crítico em segurança identificado na literatura em sistemas de transporte coletivo são as estações de embarque e desembarque. Assim, esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar a existência de relação entre elementos do ambiente construído com a ocorrência e severidade de acidentes viários no entorno de pontos de parada em sistemas prioritários para ônibus. Para isso, aplicou-se os modelos de regressão Binomial Negativo (NB), na análise de frequência de acidentes, e os modelos Logit Ordenado (OL) e Logit Multinomial (MNL), para a análise de severidade. No modelo de frequência de acidentes totais, identificou-se duas variáveis significativas e, no modelo estimado para atropelamentos, três variáveis. O modelo de severidade resultou em 19 variáveis significativas para acidentes totais e oito variáveis significativas para atropelamentos. As variáveis referentes ao envolvimento de motocicletas, automóveis, presença de interseção e uso diversificado do solo foram as mais recorrentes. O estudo possibilitou também avaliar as diferenças e vantagens entre os modelos ordenados e os não-ordenados. O modelo Logit Multinomial teve ajustes levemente melhores do que o Logit Ordenado. Ressalta-se, entretanto, que o ajuste do modelo não deve ser o único critério a se considerar na escolha de modelos para o estudo de severidade de acidentes.Public transport has played an important role in daily commutes in Brazilian cities as population grows in urban areas. However, high volumes of pedestrians near those systems may result in critical safety issues. Recent studies on road safety improvements have sought for evidence on the relationship between built environment - land use patterns; urban design; and transportation systems - and traffic safety. Nevertheless, the relationship between traffic safety at bus priority systems and the built environment is still incipient. According to studies, the most critical safety issues related to public transport are the stations for boarding and alighting. Thus, this thesis aims to verify the relationship between built environment and incidence and severity of traffic crashes in the surroundings of bus priority systems. To do so, we applied Negative Binomial regression models (NB) for the frequency analysis, and the Ordered Logit (OL) and Multinomial Logit (MNL) models for severity analysis. NB models resulted in two significant variables for traffic crashes in general and three variables for pedestrian crashes. The severity model resulted in 19 significant variables overall crashes and eight significant variables for pedestrian crashes. Variables related to the involvement of motorcycles, automobiles, intersections and mixed land use were significant in majority of model estimations. The results allowed to evaluate the goodness of fit between ordered and unordered models. MNL had a slightly better adjustments compared to OL. Goodness of fit, however, should not be the only criterion for selecting a model to assess crash severity.
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Hoarau, Jean-Hugues. "Une vision du phénomène urbain en Afrique du Sud : le cas des villes petites et moyennes du Cap de l'Ouest." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_09_Hoarau.pdf.
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La ville sud-africaine du nouveaux contexte démocratique est l'élément clé des grands enjeux futurs. La dualité urbaine est un fait au même titre que la lente acculturation communautaire qui s'y opère structurellement. À quel rythme et comment ces mécanismes influent-ils àgrande comme à petite échelle ? Les réponses sous-tendent la diversité urbaine et les variétés régionales se conjuguant pour révéler l'éventail des disparités intrinsèques au processus d'urbanisation indéfectible des forces économiques. Au Cap de l'Ouest, les agglomérations recomposées en 1996 ne sont pas au même stade de dév́eloppement, certaines profitent de leurs atouts de villes fondatrices, d'autres d'un situation étayée dans le temps ou encore de leur prégnance administrative. Pourtant, dans ce vivier de dynamismes les interrelations subsistent à telle enseigne que l'émergence de strates particulières conduit à s'interroger sur le rôle des villes intermédiaires et petites dans l'organisation du phénomène urbainSouth African city of the new democratic context is the focus of attraction of the future great stakes. Urban duality is the fact for the same reason of the slow community acculturation which is structurally effective. What is the pace and how those mechanisms have an effect at large as at small scale? Answers underlie urban diversity and regional varieties which are combined to disclose the range of disparities immanent of the urbanization process everlasting of economic strengths. In the Western Cape, restructured built-up aeras of 1996 are not at the same stage of development, some benefit from their asset of colonial town, others in support of their progressive situation, again of their administrative predominance. All the same, in this breeding ground for vitalities, interrelationships remain so much so that specific ranks emerge leaded to examine the rule of intermediate and small size cities in the structure of provincial urban phenomenon
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Oliveira, Jos? Kleber Costa de. "Controle inteligente de press?o para uma rede sem reservat?rio de abastecimento urbano de ?gua." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15407.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-04The sanitation companies from Brazil has a great challenge for the XXI century: seek to mitigate the rate of physical waste (water, chemicals and electricity) and financial waste caused by inefficient operating systems drinking water supply, considering that currently we already face, in some cases, the scarcity of water resources. The supply systems are increasingly complex as they seek to minimize waste and at the same time better serve the growing number of users. However, this technological change is to reduce the complexity of the challenges posed by the need to include users with higher quality and efficiency in services. A major challenge for companies of water supplies is to provide a good quality service contemplating reducing expenditure on electricity. In this situation we developed a research by a method that seeks to control the pressure of the distribution systems that do not have the tank in your setup and the water comes out of the well directly to the distribution system. The method of pressure control (intelligent control) uses fuzzy logic to eliminate the waste of electricity and the leaks from the production of pumps that inject directly into the distribution system, which causes waste of energy when the consumption of households is reduced causing the saturation of the distribution system. This study was conducted at Green Club II condominium, located in the city of Parnamirim, state of Rio Grande do Norte, in order to study the pressure behavior of the output of the pump that injects water directly into the distribution system. The study was only possible because of the need we had to find a solution to some leaks in the existing distribution system and the extensions of the respective condominium residences, which sparked interest in developing a job in order to carry out the experiments contained in this research
As empresas de saneamento do Brasil t?m um grande desafio para o s?culo XXI, procurar diminuir o ?ndice de desperd?cios f?sicos (?gua, produtos qu?micos e energia el?trica) e financeiros causados pela inefici?ncia operacional dos sistemas de abastecimento de ?gua pot?vel, levando-se em considera??o que atualmente j? se enfrenta, em alguns casos, a escassez dos recursos h?dricos. Os sistemas de abastecimento est?o cada vez mais complexos porque buscam minimizar os desperd?cios e ao mesmo tempo atender melhor ao crescente n?mero de usu?rios. Contudo, a evolu??o tecnol?gica est? presente para diminuir a complexidade dos desafios hora impostos pela necessidade de contemplar os usu?rios com maior qualidade e efici?ncia nos servi?os. Um dos grandes desafios para as empresas de abastecimento de ?gua est? em proporcionar um servi?o de boa qualidade contemplando a diminui??o das despesas com energia el?trica. Diante disso, desenvolveu-se um trabalho de pesquisa atrav?s de um m?todo que busca controlar a press?o da rede de distribui??o em sistemas que n?o apresentam na sua configura??o o reservat?rio e, por isso a ?gua sai do po?o diretamente para a rede de distribui??o. O m?todo de controle da press?o (controle inteligente) utiliza a l?gica fuzzy para eliminar o desperd?cio de energia el?trica e os vazamentos provocados pela produ??o das bombas que injetam diretamente na rede de distribui??o, provocando desperd?cio de energia quando o consumo das resid?ncias ? reduzido causando o saturamento da rede. Esse trabalho foi realizado no condom?nio Green Club II, situado na cidade de Parnamirim - RN, com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento da press?o da bomba que injeta diretamente na rede de distribui??o. O estudo s? foi poss?vel em virtude da necessidade que havia de se encontrar uma solu??o para alguns vazamentos existentes na rede de distribui??o e nos ramais das resid?ncias do respectivo condom?nio, fato que despertou o interesse em desenvolver um trabalho com o intuito de realizar as experi?ncias contidas nesta pesquisa
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Liu, Yulin. "Urban transit quality of service : user perception and behaviour." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61517/1/Yulin_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
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Despite its potential multiple contributions to sustainable policy objectives, urban transit is generally not widely used by the public in terms of its market share compared to that of automobiles, particularly in affluent societies with low-density urban forms like Australia. Transit service providers need to attract more people to transit by improving transit quality of service. The key to cost-effective transit service improvements lies in accurate evaluation of policy proposals by taking into account their impacts on transit users. If transit providers knew what is more or less important to their customers, they could focus their efforts on optimising customer-oriented service. Policy interventions could also be specified to influence transit users’ travel decisions, with targets of customer satisfaction and broader community welfare. This significance motivates the research into the relationship between urban transit quality of service and its user perception as well as behaviour.
This research focused on two dimensions of transit user’s travel behaviour: route choice and access arrival time choice. The study area chosen was a busy urban transit corridor linking Brisbane central business district (CBD) and the St. Lucia campus of The University of Queensland (UQ). This multi-system corridor provided a ‘natural experiment’ for transit users between the CBD and UQ, as they can choose between busway 109 (with grade-separate exclusive right-of-way), ordinary on-street bus 412, and linear fast ferry CityCat on the Brisbane River. The population of interest was set as the attendees to UQ, who travelled from the CBD or from a suburb via the CBD. Two waves of internet-based self-completion questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect data on sampled passengers’ perception of transit service quality and behaviour of using public transit in the study area.
The first wave survey is to collect behaviour and attitude data on respondents’ daily transit usage and their direct rating of importance on factors of route-level transit quality of service. A series of statistical analyses is conducted to examine the relationships between transit users’ travel and personal characteristics and their transit usage characteristics. A factor-cluster segmentation procedure is applied to respodents’ importance ratings on service quality variables regarding transit route preference to explore users’ various perspectives to transit quality of service. Based on the perceptions of service quality collected from the second wave survey, a series of quality criteria of the transit routes under study was quantitatively measured, particularly, the travel time reliability in terms of schedule adherence. It was proved that mixed traffic conditions and peak-period effects can affect transit service reliability.
Multinomial logit models of transit user’s route choice were estimated using route-level service quality perceptions collected in the second wave survey. Relative importance of service quality factors were derived from choice model’s significant parameter estimates, such as access and egress times, seat availability, and busway system. Interpretations of the parameter estimates were conducted, particularly the equivalent in-vehicle time of access and egress times, and busway in-vehicle time. Market segmentation by trip origin was applied to investigate the difference in magnitude between the parameter estimates of access and egress times. The significant costs of transfer in transit trips were highlighted. These importance ratios were applied back to quality perceptions collected as RP data to compare the satisfaction levels between the service attributes and to generate an action relevance matrix to prioritise attributes for quality improvement.
An empirical study on the relationship between average passenger waiting time and transit service characteristics was performed using the service quality perceived. Passenger arrivals for services with long headways (over 15 minutes) were found to be obviously coordinated with scheduled departure times of transit vehicles in order to reduce waiting time. This drove further investigations and modelling innovations in passenger’ access arrival time choice and its relationships with transit service characteristics and average passenger waiting time. Specifically, original contributions were made in formulation of expected waiting time, analysis of the risk-aversion attitude to missing desired service run in the passengers’ access time arrivals’ choice, and extensions of the utility function specification for modelling passenger access arrival distribution, by using complicated expected utility forms and non-linear probability weighting to explicitly accommodate the risk of missing an intended service and passenger’s risk-aversion attitude.
Discussions on this research’s contributions to knowledge, its limitations, and recommendations for future research are provided at the concluding section of this thesis.
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Faye, Abdou Diop. "Analyse des déterminants de l'offre du travail des femmes en milieu urbain sénégalais." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0101.
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L‟objectif de toute analyse économique sur l‟offre de travail, est en général, de mieux cerner les problématiques liées à l‟emploi permettant de décliner des politiques en direction du marché du travail. Cette thèse n‟échappe pas à cet objectif bien qu‟elle soit orientée vers les femmes. A partir des analyses développées dans cette thèse, nous avons apporté un nouvel éclairage sur les facteurs déterminants qui poussent ou empêchent la femme sénégalaise à intégrer le marché du travail. Les approches théoriques développées, nous ont conduit à considérer la nature des relations conjugales, les différentes perceptions du travail et des obligations familiales correspondants à différents types de comportements féminins d‟offre de travail. Le comportement d‟offre de travail de la femme sénégalaise est ainsi influencé par des caractéristiques individuelles telles que l‟âge, le niveau d‟éducation, et des caractéristiques familiales courantes telles que la présence d‟enfant(s) de moins de 5ans dans le ménage, la présence d‟un conjoint (statut matrimonial), le revenu du conjoint, la taille du ménage, le statut monétaire matérialisé par la pauvreté, le versement de transferts à des descendants ou ascendants.Par le biais de la modélisation logistique dichotomique et multinomiale, nous avons montré que le niveau d‟éducation est positivement corrélé à la participation des femmes sur le marché du travail et constitue de surcroît, un ticket d‟entrée dans le secteur public. Contrairement au statut matrimonial (être mariée), la présence d‟enfants de moins de 5 ans et le revenu du conjoint ne semblent pas être un obstacle à l‟intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail, mais cette présence d‟enfant semble orienter les sénégalaises vers le secteur informel au détriment des autres secteurs (public et privé formel). Ce qui est souvent motivé par les conditions de travail plus flexibles dans ce secteur permettant aux femmes de concilier activités économiques et obligations familiales. Par ailleurs, les femmes appartenant aux ménages pauvres semblent être plus disposer à offrir du travail que celles appartenant aux ménages non pauvres, mais elles ont moins de chances d‟être dans le secteur public, le secteur privé formel et dans une moindre mesure dans les ambassades et ONG que dans l‟informel par rapport à celles qui ne sont pas pauvresThe objective of any economic analysis of the elabor supply is generally to better understand issues related to employment allowing formulating policies towards the labor market. This thesis is not an exception to this objective although it focuses exclusively on women. From the analysis of the present thesis, we have shed new light on the main factors driving or inhibiting the senegalese woman to enter the labor market. The theoretical approaches developed have led us to consider the nature of marital relationships, the different perceptions of work and family obligations corresponding to different types of female behavior of labor supply. Through a dicotomous and multinomial logit model, we have shown that the behavior of labor supply of senegalese women is influenced by individual characteristics such as the age and education level, and standard family characteristics such as the presence of under 5 years old child/children in the household, the presence of a spouce (marital status), the income of the spouse, the householf size, the monetary status indicated by the poverty, the remittances to descendants or ascendants
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Menon, Nikhil. "Consumer Perception and Anticipated Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technology: Results from Multi-Population Surveys." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5992.
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Emerging automotive and transportation technologies, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) have created revolutionary possibilities in the way we might travel in the future. Major car manufacturers and technology giants have demonstrated significant progress in advancing and testing AV technologies in real-life traffic conditions.
Results from multi-population surveys indicate that despite enjoying moderate familiarity with AVs, more than 40% of the respondents were likely to use them when they become available. Simply looking at the demographic differences without paying any regard to the perceptions might suggest that the demographic differences are the primary causal factors behind the differences observed in the intended adoption of AVs. This study investigates the role of demographics and other factors (current travel characteristics, crash history and familiarity with AVs) on consumers’ perceptions and intended adoption of AVs with a view of disentangling one factor from the other. Results show that the observed demographic differences in intended adoption rates are due to demographic differences in the perceptions on the benefits and concerns of AVs.
The study outcomes suggest that it may be beneficial to first address consumers’ perceptions on the benefits and concerns regarding AVs. The results from this study can be used to inform modeling decisions and policy discussions relevant to future market penetration of AV technology.
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Silva, Mauricio Sanches Duarte. "Avaliação dos impactos ambientais do ecoturismo utilizando SIG e lógica Fuzzy." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4246.
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Previous issue date: 2007-11-20Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The main objective of this research is to describe a methodology for the analysis of environmental impacts due to ecotourism activities, which can be easily employed by tourism managers and planners. The methodology uses multi-criteria evaluation, based in fuzzy logic, together with a Geographic Information System (SPRING) to treat information related to the variables that characterize an area and can influence its adequacy for ecotourism. The selections of the variables to be incorporated in the model for impacts assessment was based on the bibliography and are the ones most used in environmental impact studies including: topographic characteristics (declivity), pedologic characteristics (type of soil) and vegetation and land use characteristics. Other variables may be included in the analysis if the study area has some specific characteristics that deserve emphasis. In the case study, developed in the 29 Dam Region, in the city of São Carlos, SP, the methodology proved rather adequate for attaining the research objectives, allowing the spatial visualization of the results, expressed by classes of adequacy.
O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é descrever uma metodologia para análise dos impactos ambientais acarretados por atividades de ecoturismo, que possa ser facilmente utilizada por turismólogos e gestores de turismo. A metodologia descrita utiliza avaliação multi-critério, com base na lógica fuzzy, em conjunto com um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SPRING) para tratar as informações relativas às variáveis características de uma área que podem influenciar em sua adequação para ecoturismo. A seleção das variáveis a serem incorporadas ao modelo para a avaliação dos impactos foi baseada na bibliografia consultada e são as mais utilizadas em estudos de impacto ambiental, incluindo: características topográficas (declividade), características pedológicas (tipo de solo), e características da vegetação e uso do solo. Outras variáveis podem ser incluídas na análise se a área que está sendo analisada tiver alguma característica específica que mereça destaque. No estudo de caso, realizado na região da Represa do 29 no município de São Carlos, SP, a metodologia revelou-se bastante satisfatória para o atendimento dos objetivos do trabalho, permitindo a visualização espacial dos resultados expressos pelas classes de adequação.
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Lantschner, Patrick. "The logic of political conflict in the late Middle Ages : a comparative study of urban political conflicts in Italy and the southern Low Countries, c. 1370-1440." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88345337-bad5-4eb6-b626-ec6ae003cfef.
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This thesis examines urban political conflict in the late Middle Ages (c. 1370-1440) in Europe’s most heavily urbanised regions, Italy and the Southern Low Countries. Conflicts have frequently been viewed in the context of an emerging state-controlled political order, and have been interpreted either as forms of disruptive disorder, or as affirmations of political processes shaped by states. This thesis suggests that urban conflict should be studied not in the context of a state-controlled political order, but within the political framework provided by the numerous semi-autonomous jurisdictional institutions inside and outside cities (such as guilds, parishes or contending outside powers). This pluralistic order of politics gave rise to a form of political order sui generis which expressed itself in two ways. According to a general logic of conflict (Part One), particular rationales for justifying conflict (Chapter One) and specific political practices ranging from concealed protest to urban warfare (Chapter Two) were embedded in this multi-faceted and shifting political framework. Action groups could be negotiated and renegotiated around the resources provided by the city’s multiple legitimating institutions (Chapter Three). At the same time, such political institutions were configured differently in different cities, and this also generated a particular logic which lay at the basis of different systems of conflict (Part Two). Levels of conflict could, in fact, vary greatly between Bologna and Liège (Chapter Four), Florence and Tournai (Chapter Five), and Lille and Verona (Chapter Six), where, on the basis of different underlying political institutions, diverse practices of conflict and forms of association prevailed. The pluralistic order of politics itself was, therefore, a form of political organisation which crystallised around conflict. It gave rise to a logic which put conflict at the centre of the political order of late medieval cities.
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Morrissey, Suzanne Elizabeth. "Life strategies motherhood, urban poverty, and the WIC program in Syracuse, New York /." Related electronic resource:, 2006. https://login.libezproxy2.syr.edu/login?qurl=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453224401&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Graeff, Lucas. "De la survie à la reconnaissance : ethnologie de personnes "sans logis" à Paris." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H003.
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À partir d'une enquête ethnographique, effectuée de mai 2006 à avril 2008 à Paris, cinquantaine-et-une personnes « sans logis » sont étudiées. Sont considérés comme « sans logis » les personnes ne disposant pas des conditions sociales, économiques ou personnelles requises pour accéder à un logement et qui, de ce fait, dorment "dehors", dans une tente, sous un pont, ou dans une habitation construite avec des matériels trouvés dans la ville. En utilisant la méthode ethnographique – observation participante de longue durée, tenue minutieuse d'un carnet de terrain relatant les observations quotidiennes – l’auteur apprend par l’expérience corporelle, « par corps », les difficultés quotidiennes concernant l'hygiène et l'occupation de lieux publics, mais surtout les efforts réalisés pour se soustraire aux sentiments de honte et de « mépris social » et accéder à des formes de reconnaissance marquées par davantage de fierté et d'estime sociale. Contre le « mépris social », les personnes étudiées luttent comme elles peuvent : certaines s'installent dans des « coins » ou aux marges de la ville afin de se rendre peu visibles ; d'autres s'efforcent d'effacer toutes traces de précarité sur leurs corps ; d'autres encore rejoignent la manifestation des Enfants de Don Quichotte de l'hiver 2006 à Paris. Dans ces parcours, allant de la survie à la reconnaissance, les personnes donnent à voir et penser les logiques de domination à la fois morales, corporelles et cognitives qui caractérisent leur statut socialThrough an ethnographic investigation, made in May 2006, fifty one cases of “homeless” people were studied. “Homeless” people are considered as people with no social, economic and personal conditions that allow them to have housing and as a result, they sleep “outside”, in a tent, under a bridge or in a house made with materials from the city. Using the ethnographic method - long duration of active observation, careful and discreet holding of a notebook to mention the daily observations, the author learns by physical experience, “by body”, the daily difficulties regarding the hygiene, the occupation of public places, and especially the efforts made to encounter the feelings of shame and “social contempt”, and to have access to some forms of recognition marked by the pride and the social esteem. Those people fight against the “social contempt” in different ways: some of them settle down in “corners” or in the margins of the city to be less visible, others try to erase all forms of precariousness on their bodies, and others join the manifestation of “Enfants de Don Quichotte” in fall 2006 in Paris. During these paths, going from survival to recognition, the people make us see and think about the logics of domination which are at the same time moral, physical, and cognitive and which characterize their social status