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Rahmi, Cut Navita, Sri Sugiarti, and Alvian Dea Yuliani. "Karbon dots (C-dots) dari Bahan Hayati untuk Deteksi Logam Berat." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 19, no. 2 (May 13, 2023): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.2.61881.234-246.
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<p>Pendeteksian logam berat pada limbah hasil industri perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit apabila memasuki tubuh manusia. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk pendeteksian logam berat yaitu C-dots. C-dots yang berasal dari bahan hayati akan menghasilkan gugus fungsi yang dapat meningkatkan karakteristik optik C-dots agar lebih selektif dalam pendeteksian logam berat. Selain itu, penggunaan bahan hayati sebagai sumber C-dots akan memanfaatkan limbah sehingga mengurangi sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nanopartikel karbon C-dots yang berasal dari sumber hayati sebagai pendeteksian logam berat. C-dots yang berasal dari sumber hayati sudah banyak diteliti sebagai deteksi logam berat secara selektif. Gugus fungsi pada permukaan C-dots akan menentukan interaksi spesifik antara C-dots dan masing-masing logam. Reaksi pengompleksan antara C-dots dengan ion logam cenderung mengikuti aturan sebagai berikut, ion logam yang keras akan cenderung mengikat ligan yang keras dan ion logam lunak cenderung mengikat lebih banyak ligan yang lunak. C-dots tersintesis dengan metode hidrotermal cenderung menghasilkan <em>quantum yield </em>dan intensitas fluoresensi yang lebih tinggi yang sensitif untuk deteksi logam berat.</p><p><strong></strong><strong>Carbon Dots (C-Dots) from Biomass for Heavy Metal Detection.</strong> Detecting heavy metals in industrial waste is necessary to prevent the disease from entering the human body. One of the materials that can be used to detect heavy metals is carbon dots (C-dots). C-dots derived from biological materials have functional groups that can improve their optical characteristics to be more selective in detecting heavy metals. In addition, using natural materials as a source of C-dots will utilize waste, thereby reducing waste. This study aims to review carbon nanoparticles derived from natural sources for detecting heavy metals. C-dots derived from biological sources have been widely studied as selective heavy metal detection. The functional groups on the surface of the C-dots will determine the specific interactions between the C-dots and each metal. The complex reaction between C-dots and metal ions tends to follow the rules: hard metal ions tend to bind to hard ligands, and soft metal ions tend to bind more to soft ligands. C-dots synthesized via the hydrothermal method tend to produce a higher quantum yield and fluorescence intensity that are sensitive to heavy metal detection. ️</p>
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李照聖, 李照聖. "永續連結貸款的會計問題──IFRS 9之SPPI測試與嵌入式衍生工具." 月旦會計實務研究 57, no. 57 (September 2022): 089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/252260962022090057010.
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Kotwasińska, Agnieszka. "Un/re/production of Old Age inThe Taking of Deborah Logan." Somatechnics 8, no. 2 (September 2018): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2018.0249.
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The article offers a re-examination of abjected femininity and old age through a close reading of The Taking of Deborah Logan (2015), a found footage horror movie centered on spectral possession. While to a large extent the movie replicates an infamous monstrous old woman trope, it also effectively questions typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) narratives, which tend to portray life with AD as a story of unmitigated loss and debility. In The Taking of Deborah Logan, potentially destabilizing moments occur when in the face of progressive loss of control, memory, and bodily functions, the main protagonist is momentarily experienced as resisting the dehumanisation and loss of agency conventionally associated with AD and possession alike. The aim of this article is thus three-fold. The first part sketches the processes through which possession narratives generate a highly ambivalent space for aging femininity in horror film, and how aging, disability, and AD intersect both in popular understanding and in film. In the second part, the author examines how The Taking of Deborah Logan, as a found footage horror, shapes a discussion about selfhood, agency, and monstrous embodiment. Finally, the author argues that it is through the concept of transaging that one can find ways to destabilise traditional understandings of old age, female embodiment, and AD, and offer new narratives that highlight monstrous, if ambivalent, agency.
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Abaidoo, Rexford. "Loan delinquency and macroeconomic conditions." American Journal of Business 33, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajb-03-2018-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how specific macroeconomic indicators and conditions impact short- and long-run loan delinquency rates among US commercial banks under various economic episodes. Design/methodology/approach The study employs an autoregressive distributed lag framework (ARDL) and error correction model in its examination of how loan delinquency rates are impacted by specific macroeconomic variables and conditions. Findings This study finds that in both the short and long run, a percentage growth in macroeconomic indicators, such as industrial productivity and private domestic investments, reduces loan delinquency rates among commercial banks, given all things being equal. Additionally, this study also finds that adverse macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation, economic policy uncertainty and volatility, associated with specific macroeconomic variables, such as investment growth, etc., tend to worsen loan delinquency rates. Empirical results further suggest that among the various macroeconomic conditions examined, inflationary pressures tend to have the most significant heightening impact on loan delinquency rates among commercial banks. Originality/value The uniqueness of this study, compared to similar studies found in the literature, has to do with its verification of potential association between loan delinquency rates and specific hitherto unexamined macroeconomic conditions. Compared to similar studies on loan delinquency, this study collectively examines how conditions of uncertainty, volatility and expectations of macroeconomic conditions shape loan delinquency rates among commercial banks.
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Penikas, H. I. "Retail loan pricing determinants in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-6-36-61.
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The research relies on the uniquely extracted dataset of loan offered rates at the start of 2022. We justify that the larger banks are more prone to disclose such offers. Content-wise we are able to disentangle the loan-specific credit risk factors and the bank risk-appetite drivers. We show that banks using own data and models to compute prudential ratios (IRB-banks) tend to evaluate the credit risk more conservatively than the rest of the banks.
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Nugraha, Mohammad Agung, Irma Akhrianti, Fika Dewi Pratiwi, and Agung Priyambada. "Geokimia dan Asesmen Pencemaran Logam Berat Cd, Cu dan Zn pada Sedimen Permukaan Estuari Baturusa, Bangka." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v26i1.16467.
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The Baturusa estuary receives inputs of organic and inorganic materials from several human activities along the river. The characteristics of heavy metals such as toxicity, resistance to decomposition, and ability to accumulate in aquatic biota can indirectly have a negative impact on the health of humans who consume marine biota. The research was conducted with the aim of studying the geochemical characteristics and assessing the level of heavy metal contamination of Cd, Cu and Zn in the sediments of the Baturusa Estuary. Heavy metal fractionation was analyzed by sequential extraction. The CF value of Cu and Zn metals shows a low level of contamination, while Cd shows a moderate level of contamination. I-Geo metal Cd is in the unpolluted to moderately polluted status, while Cu and Zn are not polluted. The PLI value indicates the unpolluted category. Geochemical fractionation of heavy metals Cd, Cu and Zn Baturusa Estuary is characterized by the presence of exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions. Cu and Zn mainly tend to be stored/bound to the residual fraction (mainly derived from natural sources) while Cd is more bound to the non-residual fraction (mainly derived from human/anthropogenic activities). The risk evaluation of Cd metal is very high to high risk/hazard, while Cu and Zn are not at risk/hazardous to low. These conditions indicate that Cd metal may be harmful to the environment and has a higher mobility than other metals so that it has a higher risk of being available in the body of biota. Estuari Baturusa menerima masukan bahan organik dan anorganik dari beberapa aktivitas manusia disepanjang sungai. Karakteristik logam berat seperti toksisitas, resisten terhadap dekomposisi, dan kemampuan akumulasi terhadap biota akuatik serta secara tidak langsung dapat berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia yang mengkonsumsi biota laut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik geokimia dan menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Cd, Cu, dan Zn pada sedimen Estuari Baturusa, Bangka. Fraksinasi logam berat dianalisis dengan ekstraksi bertahap. Nilai CF logam Cu dan Zn menunjukkan tingkat kontaminasi rendah (CF<1), sedangkan Cd menunjukkan tingkat kontaminasi sedang (1≤CF<3). I-Geo logam Cd berada pada status tidak tercemar hingga tercemar sedang (0<Igeo<1), sedangkan Cu dan Zn memiliki status tidak tercemar (Igeo 0). Nilai PLI menunjukkan kategori tidak tercemar (PLI<1). Fraksinasi geokimia logam berat Cd, Cu dan Zn Estuari Baturusa dicirikan dengan adanya fraksi exchangeable, karbonat, reducible, fraksi oxidizable, dan residual. Logam Cu dan Zn utamanya cenderung tersimpan/ terikat pada fraksi residual (utamanya berasal dari sumber alami) sedangkan Cd lebih terikat pada fraksi non residual atau non resisten (utamanya berasal dari aktivitas manusia/ antropogenik). Evaluasi resiko dari logam Cd yaitu resiko/ bahaya sangat tinggi hingga tinggi, sedangkan Cu dan Zn tidak beresiko/ berbahaya hingga rendah. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa logam Cd kemungkinan berbahaya bagi lingkungan serta memiliki mobilitas lebih tinggi daripada logam lain sehingga beresiko lebih tinggi tersedia dalam tubuh biota.
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You, Seung Dong. "Construction Loan Guarantee and Construction Cost Risk Management." Korea Real Estate Policy Association 24, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54091/krepa.2023.24.2.1.
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This paper discusses risk management in construction loan guarantee. Developers tend to finance their construction cost with loans and most lenders in Korea ask developers to provide them with a guarantee letter. The guarantee provider needs to implement and enhance skills of risk management associated with development projects. This paper classifies risks associated with development cost from the perspective of guarantee provider and the paper examines strategies of risk management associated in particular with construction cost.
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Ross, Andrew. "You are Not a Loan: A Debtors Movement." Culture Unbound 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2014): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146179.
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Written from the participant perspective of the author, the article documents the debt resistance movement that is one of the enduring offshoots of Occupy Wall Street. Addressing the household debt crisis in the wake of the financial crash, it focuses in particular on student debt, approaching an aggregate 1.2 trillion in the U.S., with defaulters numbering in the tens of millions. The emergence of The Occupy Student Debt Campaign is analyzed, along with the initiatives of its successor, Strike Debt, including the Rolling Jubilee and the Debt Resistors Opera-tions Manual. The article concludes by arguing that debt will be the frontline of anticapitalist struggles in the 21st century, just as the struggle over wages dominated the twentieth century.
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Anshari, Muhammad, Mitra istiar Wardhana, and Dhara Alim Cendekia. "Visual Login Fingerprints Scanner Aplikasi Mobile Banking (BRImo, Jenius, BNI Mobile Banking) berdasarkan Model Kait Nir Eyal." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 1198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v3i82023p1198-1216.
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Fitur fingerprint scanner cenderung lebih sering digunaakan secara repetitif untuk login pada aplikasi perbankan karena dianggap lebih cepat dan mudah. Anggapan ini juga terlihat dari sedikitnya usaha kognitif pada proses pencarian tombol fingerprint scanner. Tombol fingerprint scanner aplikasi BRImo, BNI Mobile Banking dan Jenius cenderung menjadi kontras serta halaman login didesain untuk mengarahkan pengguna pada fitur tersebut. Berdasarkan kebiasaan repetitif penggunaan fingerprint scanner dan aspek visual yang mengarahkan pengguna ke fingerprint scanner penelitaia ini menggunakan model kait untuk menguraikan cara visual fitur tersebut berefek pada penggunaan yang repetitif ketika. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyebutkan bahawa aplikasi BRImo yang menggunakan kontras visual pada tombol fingerprint scanner yang juga secara implisit memberikan kontras secara fungsi pada tombol disekitarya bila ditinjau berdasarkan model kait bisa memicu pengguna untuk menekan tombol tersebut secara repetitif. Kata kunci: model Kait; aplikasi perbankan; fingerprint scanner Visual Login Fingerprints Scanner for Mobile Banking Applications (BRImo, Jenius, BNI Mobile Banking) based on the Kait Nir Eyal Model The fingerprint scanner feature tends to be used repeatedly to log in to banking applications because it is considered faster and easier. This assumption is also seen from the lack of cognitive effort in the process of searching for the fingerprint scanner button. The fingerprint scanner buttons for the BRImo, BNI Mobile Banking and Jenius applications tend to be in contrast and the login page is designed to direct users to these features. Based on the repetitive habit of using fingerprint scanners and the visual aspects that direct users to the fingerprint scanner, this study uses a hook model to describe how visually these features have an effect on repetitive use. The results of this study indicate that the BRImo application that uses visual contrast on the fingerprint scanner button which also implicitly provides functional contrast to the surrounding buttons when viewed based on the latch model can trigger the user to press the button repeatedly. Keywords: Kait model; internet banking; fingerprint scanner
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Hu, Xiaoya, Hong Zhao, Shihui Zheng, and Licheng Wang. "CBOL: Cross-Bank Over-Loan Prevention, Revisited." Entropy 22, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060619.
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With the development of credit businesses, privacy data leakage and data accuracy in loan transactions among different banks tend to be worrisome issues hindering the prosperity of the industry. To address the problem, we propose a blockchain-based cross-bank over-loan prevention (CBOL-ring) mechanism, which ensures that, on the one hand, the plaintext of loan transactions cannot be access to neither participants on the nodes except the bank that handles loan/repayment requests, so as to prevent the borrower from loaning without revealing their privacy data; on the other hand, the other participants are able to prove the effectiveness of the plaintexts through checking the ciphertexts on the blockchain. In addition, we propose a blockchain-based cross-bank over-loan prevention mechanism with low communication volume (CBOL-bullet), which reduces the size of the range proof generated by the BBCBOLP mechanism, thereby reducing the size of the communication volume and saving resources during the data transmission process. Finally, we analyze the security and performance of the two mechanisms, and compare the communication volume of the two mechanisms.
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Wahrenburg, Mark, Andreas Barth, Mohammad Izadi, and Anas Rahhal. "Risk Factors of Collateralized Loan Obligations and Corporate Bonds." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 32, no. 6 (December 14, 2020): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2020-0604.
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AbstractStructured products like collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) tend to offer significantly higher yield spreads than corporate bonds (CBs) with the same rating. At the same time, empirical evidence does not indicate that this higher yield is reduced by higher default losses of CLOs. The evidence thus suggests that CLOs offer higher expected returns compared to CB with similar credit risk. This study aims to analyze whether this return difference is captured by asset pricing factors. We show that market risk is the predominant risk factor for both CBs and CLOs. CLO investors, however, additionally demand a premium for their risk exposure towards systemic risk. This premium is inversely related to the rating class of the CLO.
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Kim, Jeong-Bon, Byron Y. Song, and Theophanis C. Stratopoulos. "Does Information Technology Reputation Affect Bank Loan Terms?" Accounting Review 93, no. 3 (October 1, 2017): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51927.
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ABSTRACT This study investigates whether Information Technology (IT) reputation, captured by the accumulation of consistent IT capability signals, influences bank loan contracting even though banks have access to inside information. We predict that IT reputation is associated with better loan terms because it lowers credit risk via its impact on default and information risks. Results based on 4,218 loan facility-years reveal, as predicted, that firms with a reputation for IT capability tend to have more favorable price and non-price terms for loan contracts and are less likely to have their credit rating downgraded or to report internal control weaknesses than firms with no IT reputation. The study contributes to the banking and IT business value literature by showing that banks incorporate borrowers' nonfinancial characteristics, such as IT reputation, into loan contracting terms. JEL Classifications: G21; G32; M41; O32. Data Availability: All data are available from sources identified in the study.
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Lim, Kwangsoo. "Pro-Cyclicality of Provisions for Loan Losses." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 11, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v11i3.1823.
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The crux of bank accounting is how to measure and disclose ex ante credit risk, as loan yields and cost of funds are determined by managerial effectiveness and the financial market. This paper examines how the practice of setting up provisions for loan losses by bank managers had changed to preserve regulatory capitals around the 2008 financial crisis. This paper examines the empirical relationship between ex ante credit loss, which is proxied by loan losses provisions, and realized credit loss, which is measured by net charge-off. The empirical relations are examined before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis to find the patterns of prediction errors of the incurred loss model. This paper obtains evidence that the empirical relation between non-performing assets and provisions for loan losses weakened at the time of a financial crisis. The relations of net charge-offs and allowance for loan losses on provisions for loan losses amplified during a financial crisis by accounting design. After the financial crisis is over, the empirical relation between non-performing assets and provisions for loan losses does not return back to the pre-crisis relation, but to a different, new post-crisis relation. This paper obtains evidence that financially stable banks in terms of the tier 1 capital ratio, return on assets, market-to-book ratio, or dividend payout ratio tend to adjust provisions for loan losses in a larger scale in response to a financial crisis than less stable banks.
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Wang, Ruimin, Haitao Li, Jing Jing, Liehui Jiang, and Weiyu Dong. "WYSIWYG: IoT Device Identification Based on WebUI Login Pages." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 4892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134892.
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With the improvement of intelligence and interconnection, Internet of Things (IoT) devices tend to become more vulnerable and exposed to many threats. Device identification is the foundation of many cybersecurity operations, such as asset management, vulnerability reaction, and situational awareness, which are important for enhancing the security of IoT devices. The more information sources and the more angles of view we have, the more precise identification results we obtain. This study proposes a novel and alternative method for IoT device identification, which introduces commonly available WebUI login pages with distinctive characteristics specific to vendors as the data source and uses an ensemble learning model based on a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for device vendor identification and develops an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) based method for device type and model identification. The experimental results show that the ensemble learning model can achieve 99.1% accuracy and 99.5% F1-Score in the determination of whether a device is from a vendor that appeared in the training dataset, and if the answer is positive, 98% accuracy and 98.3% F1-Score in identifying which vendor it is from. The OCR-based method can identify fine-grained attributes of the device and achieve an accuracy of 99.46% in device model identification, which is higher than the results of the Shodan cyber search engine by a considerable margin of 11.39%.
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Rakhmina, Dinna, Lisa Lisa, and Jasmadi Joko Kartiko. "Logam Merkuri pada Masker Pemutih Wajah di Pasar Martapura." Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v3i2.172.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Currently, many brands and types of skin whitening cosmetics can be found on the market. Not all products are safe for consumers. Illegal or non-licensed cosmetics from BPOM are suspect because unlisted cosmetics tend to contain harmful chemicals such as mercury (Hg). Mercury (Hg) was including harmful heavy metals. The use of mercury has been banned since 1998 through PERMENKES RI No. 445 of 1998, where mercury in small concentrations can be toxic. Negative effects of mercury such as allergies, skin irritation and permanent damage to the nervous system, kidney, brain and disrupt the development of the fetus, especially when used in high doses. The aim of this study was to know whether there is mercury content on bleach mask that sold in Martapura market in March 2017. This study used a descriptive method and the sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. There were 10 samples of face bleach mask that cost around Rp5.000,00 - Rp20.000,00. Based on the results of 10 samples taken at Martapura market, 3 samples contained mercury of face bleach mask. The conclusion of this study is that mercury still used as bleach on the facial in the Martapura market. Therefore, BPOM needs more supervision and intensive counseling about the risk of bleaching cosmetics containing mercury, so the consumer can be careful in choosing cosmetics.
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N, Rupavathy, Carmel Mary Belinda M. J, and Nivedhitha G. "A shoulder surfing resistance using graphical authentication system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.7 (February 5, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.7.10644.
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Authentication supported passwords is employed mostly in applications for laptop security and privacy. However, human actions like selecting unhealthy passwords and inputting passwords in an insecure approach are considered “the weakest link” within the authentication chain. Instead of impulsive alphanumerical strings, users tend to decide on passwords either short or purposeful for simple learning. With internet applications and mobile apps piling up, individuals will access these applications any time and any place with numerous devices. This evolution brings nice convenience however additionally will increase the chance of exposing passwords to shoulder surfing attacks. Attackers will observe directly or use external recording devices to gather users’ credentials. To overcome this drawback, we tend to plan a unique authentication system Pass Matrix, supported graphical passwords to resist shoulder surfing attacks. With a one-time valid login indicator and circulatory horizontal and vertical bars covering the complete scope of pass-images, Pass Matrix offers no hint for attackers to work out or slim down the password even they conduct multiple camera-based attacks. We tend to additionally enforce a Pass Matrix image on android and applied real user experiments to judge its memorability and usefulness. From the experimental result, the proposed system achieves higher resistance shoulder surfing attacks whereas maintaining usability.
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Jha, Srirang, Amiya Kumar Mohapatra, and Shyam S. Lodha. "Political Economy of Farm Loan Waivers in India." FIIB Business Review 8, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714519844128.
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Political leadership of various states in India is under tremendous pressure to provide instant relief to the farmers reeling under debt trap, resulting in suicides in several cases. Often, suicides by peasants are widely covered in the media which in turn sway the people’s perception about apparent indifference of the government towards the farming communities of the country. This certainly brings in concerns related to political economy revolving around judicious distribution of wealth and national income of the country. State governments of India are generally reluctant to waive off the farm loans as a matter of routine due to concomitant burden on exchequer that might adversely affect their fiscal balances. However, political parties tend to use farm loan waiver as tactics to come to power in spite of the fact that such populist measures are not good for the economy, nor do they offer a long-term solution to the age-old problem of higher degree of incidence of indebtedness among the farming communities. This article explores the antecedents and consequences of farm loan waivers and the way forward. Besides, it also reconnoitres whether the state takes such decisions as farm loan waiver purely on the basis of economics or any hidden political agenda.
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Sharah, Muh Agus. "Adsorpsi Logam (Pb) dengan Menggunakan Biji Kelor sebagai Adsorben." JURNAL KRIDATAMA SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 5, no. 02 (December 10, 2023): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.53863/kst.v5i02.1000.
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Lead or in everyday life is better known as lead, in scientific language it is called lead, and this metal is symbolized by Pb. This metal is included in group IV-A metals on the periodic table of chemical elements. It has an atomic number (NA) of 82 and an atomic weight (BA) of 207.2 (Palar, 2008). Lead in air is in the form of Pb (OH)2. Most of the lead metal on earth enters natural water systems and accumulates, which can eventually enter the bodies of animals and humans, which can cause children's intelligence to decrease, stunted body growth, and even cause paralysis. other symptoms such as poisoning, nausea, anemia, and stomach ache. One absorbent material that can be used to adsorb heavy metals such as lead is moringa oleifera seeds. This research uses a method to obtain the desired quantitative and qualitative data regarding PB metal content before adsorption and after adsorption, adsorption time, and quality of Moringa seeds as an adsorbent, then analyzed proximally. The results of the research showed that the Pb concentration in Tallo River water was 0.0204 mg/L, but after adding Moringa seed adsorbent, the Pb concentration dropped to <0.002mg/L, this means that Moringa seeds are very good at absorbing Pb metal. Hulled Moringa seeds tend to absorb more easily than whole Moringa seeds. The longer the adsorbent takes to adsorb, the Pb concentration decreases until the Pb concentration remains relatively constant.Keywords: Adsorption; Absorbent, Moringa Seeds,Metal
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Gubangco, Alliah Grace D., Josh Denziel S. Joves, and Anna Corinna D. Pizarro-Uy. "Consumption in the Philippines: In the Course of Unemployment and Loan Acquisition." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 2 (March 23, 2022): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.2.2.
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Unemployment is one of the problems of Filipinos, which affects their consumption of goods and services since they have no income, worsened by the increasing prices in the market. Here, they tend to acquire consumer loans to support their means in obtaining their needs and wants, but due to the acquisition of previous loans and obligations to pay, they tend to adjust their consumption. Embedded from the Life-Cycle Hypothesis, Permanent Income Hypothesis and Keynesian Consumption Theory, the main objective of the research was to identify the relationship of unemployment, consumer loans per capita, real gross domestic product per capita, and inflation rate with the real household final consumption expenditure per capita in the Philippines using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) in multiple regression analysis, and diagnostic tests in Eviews software using empirical time-series quarterly data from 2009 to 2019. This research found that unemployment and consumer loans per capita have an indirect relationship with the consumption of Filipinos. On the other hand, the gross domestic product per capita has a direct relationship. This claimed that all variables are significantly related to consumption except the inflation rate, although it showed an indirect trend. The findings exposed that Filipinos adjust their consumption to cope with no income due to unemployment, acquisition of consumer loans, and inflation rate to attain their needs and wants while having income increases their consumption. This research recommended that the Philippine government support the unemployed Filipinos by providing insurance or benefits, lessening the lending interest rate of loans, and overseeing the market prices to aid their consumption.
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Siringoringo, Vincent Theodorus, Delianis Pringgenies, and Ambariyanto Ambariyanto. "Kajian Kandungan Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg), Tembaga (Cu), dan Timbal (Pb) pada Perna viridis di Kota Semarang." Journal of Marine Research 11, no. 3 (May 25, 2022): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i3.33864.
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Logam berat merupakan zat pencemar yang sangat berbahaya bagi sistem lingkungan hidup karena bersifat toksik, tidak dapat terurai secara alami dan cenderung terakumulasi didalam perairan dan tubuh organisme. Akumulasi logam berat Hg, Cu dan Pb dalam biota dapat berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia yang mengonsumsinya dalam konsentrasi tertentu seperti gangguan sistem saraf, merusak ginjal bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat merkuri (Hg), tembaga (Cu) dan timbal (Pb) pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) dan batas aman konsumsinya di wilayah Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas dan perairan daerah Mangunharjo, Kota Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif eksploratif. Teknik Pengambilan sampel dan penentuan lokasi menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2020. Analisis kandungan logam berat menggunakan alat AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) dan Mercury Analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kandungan logam berat pada wilayah Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas lebih tinggi yaitu (<0,002 mg/Kg) untuk (Hg), (1,864 mg/Kg) untuk (Cu) dan (0,697 mg/Kg) untuk (Pb), sementara daerah Mangunharjo memperoleh hasil yang lebih rendah yakni (1,646 mg/Kg) untuk (Cu) dan ( 0,253 mg/Kg) untuk (Pb) serta (<0,002 mg/Kg) untuk (Hg). Berdasarkan baku mutu menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.22 Tahun 2021, tingkat pencemaran logam berat di Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas dan Perairan Mangunharjo sudah melampaui batas yang sudah ditetapkan dan batas maksimum daging kerang hijau yang dapat dikonsumsi untuk berat badan rata-rata 60 kg yaitu ± 2,15 kg dan 2,55 kg per minggu untuk masing masing lokasi.Heavy metals are pollutants that are very dangerous for the environmental system because they are toxic, cannot be decomposed naturally and tend to accumulate in waters and organisms' bodies. The accumulation of heavy metals Hg, Cu and Pb in biota can have a negative impact on human health who consume them in certain concentrations such as nervous system disorders, kidney damage and even death. This study aims to determine the content of heavy metals mercury (Hg), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in green mussels (Perna viridis) and its safe limit for consumption in the Tanjung Mas Harbor area and the waters area of Mangunharjo, Semarang City. The research method used is descriptive exploratory method. Sampling technique and location determination using purposive sampling method. Sample was taken in July 2020. The analysis of heavy metal content was conducted using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) and Mercury Analyzer. The results showed that the average heavy metal content in the Tanjung Mas Port area was higher (<0.002 mg/Kg) for (Hg), (1.864 mg/Kg) for (Cu) and (0.697 mg/Kg) for (Pb), while the Mangunharjo area obtained lower yields (1.646 mg/Kg) for (Cu) and (0.253 mg/Kg) for (Pb) and (<0.002 mg/Kg) for (Hg). Based on the quality standard according to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment No. 22 of 2021, the level of heavy metal pollution in both locations has exceeded the predetermined limit and the maximum limit of green mussel that can be consumed for an average body weight of 60 kg from both locations is ± 2,15 kg and 2,55 kg per week.
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Bitia, Ruthana, and Zuliani Dalimunthe. "Bank Ownership and Decline in Loan Growth due to the Pandemic." Indonesian Capital Market Review 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/icmr.v14i2.1153.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of bank ownership structure on loan growth before and during the pandemic. Specifically, we developed four models to capture different loan types provided in the Indonesian banking system; working capital, investment, consumer, and total loan growth. This study used 150 observations of commercial banks for 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2020 (during the pandemic). We conducted the regression method to test hypotheses. The main finding of this study was that foreign banks’ consumer credit growth significantly lower than domestic banks. Similar findings occurred for other types of loans, and this conclusion has controlled for the adverse effects of the pandemic. This finding means that foreign banks in Indonesia are not substitutes for loan suppliers in the domestic market and tend to behave pro-cyclical. The government needs to carry out regulations to reduce the risk-accelerate nature of foreign banks in the Indonesian economy
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Maltby, Robert. "The distribution of Greek loan–words in Terence." Classical Quarterly 35, no. 1 (May 1985): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800014609.
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The aim of this paper is to discuss Terence's use of Greek loan-words and to examine their distribution by plays and by characters. How far are they used for stylistic effect and what relationship do they have to the themes of different plays? Is there any evidence for the concentration of these words, which often tend to be colloquial in tone, in the mouths of slaves and characters of low social status for the purposes of linguistic characterisation? Finally, does Terence's use of these words develop in the course of his short career? The usefuleness of a previous note on this subject by J. N. Hough is limited by the absence of any comprehensive list of occurrences, so that its objectivity is difficult to check. A more helpful discussion by P. Oksala gives a fuller list, but concentrates mainly on a comparison with Plautine usage in the type and frequency of these words and does not discuss their distribution within the Terentian corpus.The question of characterisation by linguistic means, particularly in the field of New Comedy, has received considerable attention in recent years. The doctrine that a character's speech should be appropriate to his or her age, sex or social status, is well attested in the ancient world, with reference both to the theatre and to the law-courts. The ancient scholia on Aristophanes, as well as the fourth-century commentary on Terence that goes under the name of Donatus, contain comments on the appropriateness of particular words and phrases to particular character types. Leo, commenting long ago on the distribution of Greek words in Plautus, observed that they were used predominantly by slaves and characters of low social standing, a point made earlier by N. Tuchhaendler. More recently M. E. Gilleland has produced detailed statistical evidence for both Plautus and Terence which tends to back up these observations.
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Sheil, Ashley, and David Malone. "Guessing PINs, One Partial PIN at a Time." Entropy 24, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091224.
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Entering digits of a personal identification number (PIN) is a common form of authentication. One variant of this scheme is to request the digits from a random subset of positions, which is sometimes called a partial PIN. In this paper we consider strategies for guessing the PIN when a partial PIN scheme is in use, which allows the quantification of the strength of this mechanism. We suggest several strategies for guessing the PIN under the assumption that the organisation assigns PINs randomly and requests random positions from the PIN at each login. We present analytic and simulation results from the different strategies and explore their performance when guessing different sizes of PIN and requested subset. We find that the most effective strategies have a reasonable chance of recovering a PIN in tens to hundreds of guesses.
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Widyatama, Arif, Akmal Irfan Majid, Teguh Wibowo, Deendarlianto Deendarlianto, and Samsul Kamal. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PHENOMENA ON THE SUCCESSIVE DROPLETS IMPACTING HOT COPPER SURFAC." Jurnal Penelitian Saintek 24, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jps.v24i2.26923.
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This study was aimed at investigating the phenomena and interactions between water droplets and hot metal surfaces using an experimental method. In this study, the droplet was dropped from 50 mm from the top of the metal surface with a frequency of 8.5 droplets per second. The observed droplet diameter was 3.12 mm. The metal used was copper with a surface temperature between 110-240 ° C. High speed video camera with a speed of 2000 fps was used to record visual data. Then the image processing technique was applied to calculate the change in droplet diameter. The results show that at low temperatures, droplets tend to maintain their initial position of contact with fluctuating deformations. While at high temperatures, a bounce phenomenon occurs which results in collisions between droplets being imperfect. Visualization results can reveal the complete change in the droplet geometry in the form of spreading ratio and complete apex height. The temperature of 140° C is the initial transition area for phenomena that result in droplets has no contact with hot surfaces so that the process of heat transfer between surfaces is inhibited.STUDI EKSPERIMEN PADA FENOMENA SUCCESSIVE DROPLETS MENUMBUK PERMUKAAN TEMBAGA PANASPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari fenomena dan interaksi antara tetesan air (droplet) dan permukaan logam panas dengan metode eksperimental. Pada penelitian ini, droplet dijatuhkan dari posisi 50 mm dari atas permukaan logam dengan frekuensi 8,5 droplet per detik. Diameter droplet yang diamati sebesar 3,12 mm. Logam yang digunakan adalah tembaga dengan temperatur permukaan di antara 110-240° C. High speed video camera dengan kecepatan 2000 fps digunakan untuk merekam data visual. Teknik image processing diaplikasikan untuk menghitung perubahan diameter droplet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, pada temperatur rendah, droplet cenderung mempertahankan posisi awal kontak dengan perubahan bentuk yang fluktuatif. Kedua, temperatur tinggi, terjadi fenomena bouncing yang mengakibatkan tumbukan antar droplet menjadi tidak sempurna. Hasil visualisasi dapat mengungkap perubahan geometri droplet berupa spreading ratio dan apex height secara lengkap. Dari penelitian ini juga diketahui bahwa temperatur 140°C menjadi daerah transisi awal terjadinya fenomena yang mengakibatkan droplet tidak bersinggungan dengan permukaan panas sehingga proses perpindahan kalor antar permukaan terhambat.
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Pasaribu, Pananda, and Bonnie Mindosa. "The Bank Specific Determinants of Loan Growth and Stability: Evidence from Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jieb.v36i2.1385.
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Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the specific determinants of loan growth and the consequences of excessive loan growth on bank stability. Background Problems: Bank loans play an important role in economic growth, but previous studies indicate that excessive loans lead to bank instability. Novelty: This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis, as it will discuss both the loan determinants and excessive loans simultaneously. Research Methods: This study covers more than 89% of the total loans of commercial banks (listed and non-listed banks) between 2002 and 2018 and it employs GMM in order to obtain robust estimations. Finding/Results: The growth of customers’ deposits and gross NPL are the most important factors in explaining loan growth in Indonesia. Banks with excessive loans tend to have high levels of credit risk. Conclusion: Banks’ liquidity and credit risk have important roles in explaining banks’ loans. However, excessive loans could lead to bank instability, particularly for small banks.
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Zariyawati, M. A., M. T. Hirnissa, and K. A. Muhammad-Mujb. "Determinant Factors of Non-Performing Loan among Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries in Malaysia." International Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 8 (June 26, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n8p48.
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This study aimed to investigate the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) using a case of the Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (NBFIs) in Malaysia during the period from 2009 to 2018. The study revealed that the level of NPLs can be attributed to both NBFI-specific factors (internal factors) and macroeconomic factors. The assessments on panel data analysis were done using STATA software. The results show that NBFI size, Profit (ROA), Lending Interest Rate (IR), and Inflation (INF) have a significant positive relationship with NPLs. The findings reveal that NPLs tend to increase with the deteriorating bank’s efficiency. The larger the NBFI size, higher profit, and high interest contribute to the increment of NPLs. Meanwhile, NPL also increases due to the change in economic condition, particularly with a rise in inflation rate. Hence, for NBFIs to decrease their NPLs, they should consider these factors during the lending process.
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Susantoro, Tri Muji, and Ariani Andayani. "Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Kawasan Pesisir Tanjung Selor Kalimantan Utara." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2019.v4i1.181.
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<strong>Heavy Metal Contamination in the Coastal Area of Tanjung Selor North Kalimantan.</strong> The establishment of the North Kalimantan Province transformed the Tanjung Selor region and its surroundings into the provincial capital so that it will grow rapidly, both in terms of development and other activities. Monitoring environmental conditions, one of which is heavy metals in the waters need to be carried out as a starting environment before the area develops. This is important given the nature of heavy metals that change toxic at concentrations that exceed the threshold. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential for heavy metal contamination in the coastal area of Tanjung Selor, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. Heavy metals studied is limiting to mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). The location of the sampling was carried out using Landsat 8 imagery designed to represent the condition of the coastal area. Samples come from well water, river water, seawater, and marine sediments at 4, 9 and 5 observation stations respectively. Samples were taken on August 2014 using the grab sample method and analyzed for heavy metal content using the standard American Public Health Association (APHA) method with the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) instrument. Of the 23 samples produced, only 3 observation stations were not contaminated with heavy metals. While in the other 20 samples one of three types of heavy metals were found that exceeded the threshold. In general, Cu is the most detected metal exceeding the threshold in the study area found in samples of river water, sea water and sediment. Zn is found to exceed the threshold in well water. Pb is found to exceed the threshold in sample 5 of river water. Cd is found to exceed the threshold in samples of river water, sea water and sediment. The source of pollution is thought to originate from coal mining activities, oil palm plantations, and household waste. The overall results of this study show that river estuaries tend to accumulate heavy metals.
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Nugraha, Yogaprasta Adi, and Mariana R. A. Siregar. "The Role Of Local Loan Institution In Providing Safety Net In Rural Area." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 2, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v2i1.813.
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Rural area cannot be separated with poverty, according to Statistics Center Board (BPS), there are 18 milions rural people live below poverty line. Rural poverty has become many focus in development studies. There is a siginificant difference between rural poverty and urban poverty. Poor society in urban area are more vulnurable compared to poor society in rural area. In rural area, poor people tends to have informal social security that helps them to survive. This research aimed to determine the role of loan institution in providing social safety net for rural poor. Qualitative method was used to help us to have a better understanding about the debt institution in rural areas. This research found that rural poor have several alternatives source of debt that enable them to survive in a vulnerable situation. Most of people tend to see for a realistic loan institution with low interest (without interest is more preferable), low risk in returning the debt and fast in providing the money.
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Abidin, Zainal, Suci Amanati, Kuswardani Kuswardani, and Alamsyah Alamsyah. "PENGARUH TRANSCUTANEUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION, LASER DAN TERAPI LATIHAN PADA PASCA OPERASI TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT." Jurnal Fisioterapi dan Rehabilitasi 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33660/jfrwhs.v2i1.47.
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LATAR BELAKANG : Total Knee Replacement (TKR) adalah prosedur operasi pengganti sendi lutut yang tidak normal dengan material buatan. Dalam pembedahan penggantian totalsendi lutut, bagian ujung tulang akan diganti dengan bahan logam dan plastic (polyethylene). Laporan tindakan sebanyak 70 pasien berusia 50 - 85 tahun yang menjalani total kneereplacement pada periode Januari 2011 - Januari 2012 yang dilakukan oleh dokter bedah di Rumah Sakit Universitas Aalborg, Denmark (Buletin Orthopedi, 2013). Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Bendan kota Pekalongan dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 8 partisipan menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan pretest dan posttest. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2017. Terapi yang digunakan antara lain : TENS, LASER dan Terapi Latihan.
Tujuan : untuk mengetahui pengaruh Transcutaneus Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Laser, dan Terapi Latihan pada penderita Total Knee Replacement sinistra.
Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapat nilai sig. (2-tailed) untuk nilai VAS yang tampak pada sebesar 0,001, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan derajat nyeri yang signifikan. Hasil uji hipotesis untuk lingkup gerak sendi mendapatkan nilai sig (2-tailed). Hal ini berarti terjadi peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi yang signifikan. Sedangkan hasil uji hipotesis untuk skor Jette dengan nilai sig (2tailed) test sebesar 0,000 yang berarti terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan untuk kemampuan aktivitas fungsional pasien.
Kesimpulan : Modalitas TENS, LASER dan Terapi latihan pada pasien post total knee replacement dapat mengurangi nyeri, meningkatkan lingkup gerak sendi dan meningkatkan aktifitas fungsional lutut partisipan secara signifikan.
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Zhang, Yaojie, Yu Wei, and Benshan Shi. "The pricing of loan insurance based on the Gram-Charlier option model." China Finance Review International 8, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-10-2017-0210.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a loan insurance pricing model allowing for the skewness and kurtosis existing in underlying asset returns.Design/methodology/approachUsing the theory of Gram-Charlier option, the authors first derive a closed-form solution of the Gram-Charlier pricing model. To address the difficulties in implementing the pricing model, the authors subsequently propose an iterative method to estimate skewness and kurtosis in practical application, which shows a relatively fast convergence rate in the empirical test.FindingsNot only the theoretical analysis but also the empirical evidence shows that the effects of skewness and kurtosis on loan insurance premium tend to be negative and positive, respectively. Furthermore, the actual values of skewness and kurtosis are usually negative and positive, respectively, which leads to the empirical result that the pricing model ignoring skewness and kurtosis substantially underestimates loan insurance premium.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a loan insurance pricing model considering the skewness and kurtosis of asset returns, in which the authors use the theory of Gram-Charlier option. More importantly, the authors further propose a novel iterative method to estimate skewness and kurtosis in practical application. The empirical evidence suggests that the Gram-Charlier pricing model captures the information content of skewness and kurtosis.
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Muftiadi, Anang, Rivani ., and Dian Fordian. "ANALISIS DAN DETERMINAN EFISIENSI SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI DI INDONESIA." AdBispreneur 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v4i1.21030.
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The construction sector business, as the backbone of infrastructure development is tend to be in-efficient and burdensome on national infrastructure costs. This study aims to explore the in-efficiency level and its determinants of Construction Sector businesses. Efficiency level is measured by input coefficients of Input-Output Table and use secondary data from Central Statistics Agency in 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008,and 2010.The results show, there is in-efficiency in Construction Sector at 2010 and is likely to continue to following years. The dominant source of the in-efficiency is Industrial Sector of Metal Products which provides steel and other metals as main materials in the Construction Sector. The petroleum refining industry that produces fuel accelerates the increase construction costs. The single national price policy of fuel is a instant step to reduce the negative impact of in-efficiency in Construction Sector. Sektor bisnis konstruksi yang menjadi tulang punggung pembangunan infrastruktur menunjukkan gejala in-efisiensi dan membebani biaya infrastruktur nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan tingkat in-efisiensi tersebut dan menggali determinan in-efisiensi yang dihadapi oleh bisnis pada sektor konstruksi. Tingkat efisiensi diukur dengan Koefisiensi Input pada Tabel Input-Output dan menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 1995,1998,2000,2003,2005,2008, dan 2010.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sektor Konstruksi mengalami in-efisiensi pada akhir tahun 2010 dan cenderung akan terus mengalami in-efisiensi pada tahun berikutnya. Sumber in-efisiensi terbesar berasal Sektor Industri Barang dari Logam yang menyediakan kebutuhan baja dan logam lainnya yang digunakan sebagai material penting Sektor Konstruksi. Industri pengilangan minyak bumi yang menghasilkan BBM turut mempercepat kenaikan biaya konstruksi. Kebijakan satu harga nasional menjadi langkah cepat untuk mengurangi dampak negatif in-efisiensi pada Sektor Konstruksi.
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Mofleh, Abdul Fattah, and Mamordin Mangal. "Unlocking the Tourism Potential of Mawlana Yaqoob Charkhi Valley in Charkh District, Logar Province, Afghanistan." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 5 (October 24, 2023): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.5.30.
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This research study examines the tourism potential of Mawlana Yaqoob Charkhi Valley in Charkh District, Logar Province, Afghanistan, and investigates its impact on the local economy. The primary objective is to identify key enhancements that can effectively attract a larger number of visitors and assess the influence of tourism on local market demand. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 100 visitors. The collected data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test in the statistical software SPSS. The findings reveal significant associations between various factors and increased visitor numbers, including improvements in road conditions, allowance for family visits, the establishment of hotels, the activation of additional recreational activities, the opening of shops and restaurants, and the extension of telephone and internet services in the area. Furthermore, it was observed that visitors from distant regions tend to contribute more significantly to the local economy through higher expenditure during their visits. Based on the study's results, recommendations are made for the Afghan government and private sectors to focus on infrastructure development in the aforementioned areas. This research contributes to the understanding of rural tourism development in Afghanistan and provides valuable insights for policymakers, managers, and tourism planners.
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Kelchen, Robert, and Amy Y. Li. "Institutional Accountability: A Comparison of the Predictors of Student Loan Repayment and Default Rates." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 671, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 202–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217701681.
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The federal government holds colleges accountable if too many of their students default on loan repayment, but the default measure traditionally used captures only a fraction of students who are struggling to repay their loans. The 2015 College Scorecard dataset introduced a new loan repayment metric, showing that the percentage of students who have not reduced the principal balance of their loans by at least $1 over a given period of time far outstrips the traditional loan default measure. Using a sample of 3,595 colleges, we test the extent to which student demographics, institutional characteristics, and state-level economic factors are associated with repayment rates and default rates. We also examine whether factors associated with loan repayment rates change between one and seven years after students begin repayment. We find that characteristics traditionally associated with economic disadvantage, including being a first-generation college student or a member of an underrepresented minority group, tend to be associated with lower loan repayment rates, as does attendance at for-profit colleges. These factors are just as or more strongly associated with longer-term repayment rates compared to shorter-term repayment rates.
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Chen, Hao, Xiaoming Zheng, and Lijuan Liu. "Ethical decision making in a critical development phase." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, no. 8 (October 17, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211311588.
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Subject area Ethical decision making, business ethics. Study level/applicability This case is applicable to MBA, EDP and EMBA courses. Case overview TOREAD, a professional provider of outdoor equipment in China, started in business by producing and selling tents. To meet market demand, TOREAD expanded its product line which ranges from outdoor durable tent products to “pan-outdoor” products including footwear and clothing. During the critical expansion phase, TOREAD was challenged by a quality problem in a batch of outsourced sandals that had been manufactured by a contracted supplier. By researching different options and going through an ethical decision making process, TOREAD made the choice of destroying all “problem sandals”. Since then, TOREAD has focused development on product quality improvement and product innovation to establish a sustainable brand image and generate social benefits. TOREAD's decision making in the critical development phase helped it to become the leader in the outdoor product industry in China. Expected learning outcomes This case may be used for courses such as business ethics and strategy. By learning this case, students can understand the process of making ethical decisions when facing moral dilemmas among corporate decision makers, employees and relevant interested parties, and learn how to make strategic decisions to balance company profit growth and social benefits in critical development phases. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Vojinovic, Borut. "World corporate loan markets for raising new capital - does distance still matter: Are financial assets priced locally or globally?" Ekonomski anali 51, no. 168 (2006): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0668031v.
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Though the paper focuses on pricing, as the background I provide some evidence about loan flows across markets in the form of borrowers? and lenders? propensity to issue outside their natural home market. The data show that borrowers stay home when they can and that they tend to issue in Europe when they must issue abroad. That is, borrowers domiciled in one of the major markets (Europe, U.S., and Asia) almost always issue in that market, whereas borrowers in more remote locations usually issue in the European market. For example, borrowers from Latin America are overwhelmingly issuing in Europe rather than in the U.S. market.
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Firiyansyah, Syahril, Amrizal Amrizal, and Siska Mitria Nova. "MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SISWA DALAM MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH ALUMINIUM UNTUK KRIYA LOGAM DI SMA NEGERI 1 PANYABUNGAN UTARA." Educraf : Journal Of Craft Education, Craft Design And Creative Industries 2, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/educraf.v2i1.3255.
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This research was conducted to increase students' creativity in utilizing aluminum waste for metal crafts at SMA Negeri 1 Panyabung Utara. The main source of problems in research is that students tend to be more passive and less creative, so that they are constrained in generating ideas for metal work. This study aims to increase students' creativity by utilizing aluminum waste and to find out the form of metal crafts produced by utilizing aluminum waste with press carving and filigree techniques. Data collection techniques in this study are active participation observation techniques, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the study proved that there was an increase in the creativity of class XI students in making various metal craft products. To increase students' creativity in utilizing aluminum waste, several important stages are carried out, namely sorting materials, preparing equipment, making designs/sketches, the creative process of making decorative and functional metal craft products. In addition, to measure students' abilities can be seen based on creativity in designing works, perseverance in working on works and students' skills in making works. Efforts are made to increase student creativity, namely by providing motivation using varied learning media and displaying visual forms in the form of videos of metal craft work processes and photos of examples of metal craft products.
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Álvarez Díaz, Andrea, and Catalina Montenegro González. "Niños y niñas transgénero: desafíos para su inclusión en comunidades educativas." Atenea (Concepción), no. 528 (2024): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29393/at528-6nnac20006.
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En este trabajo se refl exiona acerca de las posibilidades y límites que tene-mos como comunidades y agentes educativos en Chile para enfrentar el desafío ético y político de incluir a niños y niñas transgénero en un espacio escolar “inclusivo”. El foco del análisis se sitúa en la comunidad educativa, en sus actores y acciones instituciona-les, entendiendo que un proceso de transición de género trae consigo una oportunidad de cambio y aprendizaje para las familias y colectivos a los cuales se vincula. A partir de una revisión bibliográfi ca, se describe el contexto educativo chileno en el que la infancia trans se enfrenta a violencias físicas, psicológicas y simbólicas que vulneran sus derechos y su dignidad. Revisamos estrategias educativas de inclusión, algunas cer-canas a la asimilación, otras más orientadas a la integración, mientras otras logran pau-latinamente instalar procesos inclusivos que cuestionan la heteronorma como disposi-tivo político de opresión de sexo/género. Se proponen recomendaciones pedagógicas e institucionales para evitar que la infancia transgénero quede supeditada a estrategias de inclusión que la subalternizan, planifi cadas y diseñadas desde la lógica heterosexual.
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Leonard, Tommy, Elvira Fitriyani Pakpahan, and Kevin Alexander. "FREEDOM OF CONTRACT IN MORTGAGE LOAN AGREEMENT AT PT. BANK CIMB NIAGA, TBK. IN MEDAN." International Journal of Latin Notary 2, no. 02 (March 30, 2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.61968/journal.v2i02.42.
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In a credit agreement, the position of the bank as a creditor and the customer as a debtor is never balanced. The position of the bank is stronger than that of potential customers. Whereas freedom of contract can only achieve justice if the parties have a balanced bargaining power. Unbalanced bargaining power occurs when a strong party can impose his will on a weak party, until the weak party only follows the terms of the contract proposed to him. Given that in the credit agreement there has been a contractual relationship and the clauses tend to favor the bank as the creditor, in a credit agreement, mostly for debtors its only a take it of leave it option, so that the opportunity to negotiate as an initial process of obtaining an agreement is small and even neglected. The research is used a empiric juridical legal research method. Data sources from the research were derived from secondary data consisting of legal materials and legal documents that became the basic foundation for answering problems in this study. The results of this study revealed that the completion of defaults in the mortgage loan agreement can be made before it is executable. Settlement of the default can be done by reschedulling, re-requirements and rearrangegement.
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Szigel, Gábor. "Carbon Intensity of Banks’ Loan Portfolio : A Good Basis for Comparison in Case of LowIncome Countries?" Financial and Economic Review 21, no. 4 (2022): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.4.83.
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In recent years, more and more credit institutions have been publishing the financed carbon footprint of their loan portfolio, enabling comparisons across institutions, for which investors and supervisors tend to use the carbon intensity of portfolios expressed as a proportion of the financed carbon footprint-to-total loan volumes. In this article, it is argued that such comparisons are unfair to low-income countries with low price levels, as they show the same activity as being more “carbonintensive” in a low-income country than in a high-income country. The magnitude of such distortions can be significant, amounting to as much as 3 to 7-fold just within the European Union itself. As differences resulting from price levels do not actually represent differences in the carbon intensity of individual countries’ real economy and are also not an “own choice” of these countries (but rather a consequence of the Balassa-Samuelson effect), it is argued that the comparison of carbon intensity of different banks’ loan portfolios should be conducted using purchasing power parity adjustments – if not necessarily for investors, at least in the practice of financial supervisory authorities.
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Rutten, Gijsbert, and Rik Vosters. "Testing Frenchification: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of French Loan Morphology in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Dutch." Roczniki Humanistyczne 71, no. 6sp (July 24, 2023): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh237106.11s.
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There is a long history of social, cultural and political contact between the Dutch and French language areas, which has also resulted in language contact. In the Dutch language area, the cultural and linguistic contact situation has resulted in an anti-French discourse of alleged Frenchification from the sixteenth century onwards. The peak of influence from French is traditionally located in the eighteenth century. However, corpus-based research of the actual influence of French on Dutch in the Early and Late Modern periods is still scarce. We investigate the use of 31 French loan suffixes (e.g. the verbal suffix -eren, nominal suffixes such as -age and -teit, and adjectival suffixes such as -aal) in the Letters as Loot Corpus, which is a socially stratified corpus of private and business letters from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, written by men and women from various regions in the northern Low Countries. A regression analysis shows that the overall distribution of French loan suffixes is quite similar in the two periods, except for the capital Amsterdam, where there is a significant increase in the eighteenth century. Further significant effects are found for men and for the higher social ranks, and for business or mixed letters (as opposed to purely private letters). The results suggest that French-origin items entered the language of the northern Low Countries as relatively formal or conceptually written forms, mainly adopted by upper (middle) class men from the cosmopolitan city of Amsterdam.
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Park, Jaram, Meeyoung Cha, Hoh Kim, and Jaeseung Jeong. "Managing Bad News in Social Media: A Case Study on Domino’s Pizza Crisis." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 6, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v6i1.14273.
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Social media has become prominently popular. Tens of millions of users login to social media sites like Twitter to disseminate breaking news and share their opinions and thoughts. For businesses, social media is potentially useful for monitoring the public perception and the social reputation of companies and products. Despite great potential, how bad news about a company influences the public sentiments in social media has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study is to assess people’s sentiments in Twitter upon the spread of two types of information: corporate bad news and a CEO’s apology. We attempted to understand how sentiments on corporate bad news propagate in Twitter and whether any social network feature facilitates its spread. We investigated the Domino’s Pizza crisis in 2009, where bad news spread rapidly through social media followed by an official apology from the company. Our work shows that bad news spreads faster than other types of information, such as an apology, and sparks a great degree of negative sentiments in the network. However, when users converse about bad news repeatedly, their negative sentiments are softened. We discuss various reactions of users towards the bad news in social media such as negative purchase intent.
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Chaidir, Zulkarnain, Qomariah Hasanah, Qomariah Hasanah, Rahmiana Zein, and Rahmiana Zein. "PENYERAPAN ION LOGAM Cr(III) DAN Cr(VI) DALAM LARUTAN MENGGUNAKAN KULIT BUAH JENGKOL (Pithecellobium jiringa (JACK) PRAIN.)." Jurnal Riset Kimia 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v8i2.239.
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Jengkol shells (Pithecellobium jiringa) an agricultural waste from typical Indonesian plant has been investigated for its ability to absorb heavy metal ions Cr VI and Cr III . Effect of pH, concentration, contact time, mass and the speed of stirring biosorben studied by extraction method. Concentration of metal ions Cr VI and Cr III was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The optimum conditions for metal ion uptake of Cr VI occurs at pH 4, the concentration of 7000 mg/L, contact time of 60 minutes, 0.1 g biosorben mass and stirring speed 100 rpm. For the metal ions Cr III wa obtained conditions optimum at pH 5, the concentration of 1500 mg/L, contact time of 60 minutes, 0.1 g biosorben mass and stirring speed 100 rpm. Functional groups contained in the jengkol shells analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Data equilibrium uptake of metal ions Cr VI and Cr III by the jengkol shells analyzed using two isotherm models , namely Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models . The absorption of both the metal ions tend to follow the Langmuir isotherm models in which the absorption capacity of metal ions obtained for Cr VI ) and Cr III is 24.9376 mg / g and 39. 0625 mg /g . The optimum condition was applied to study the river Batang Arau at Padang city obtained a capacity of 15.065 mg/ g with 45 efficiency, 94 % for the uptake of metal ions Cr (total).
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Araújo, Antônio Maria Henri Beyle de, Paulo Roberto Barbosa Lustosa, and Edilson Paulo. "The cyclicality of loan loss provisions under three different accounting models: the United Kingdom, Spain, and Brazil." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 29, no. 76 (November 6, 2017): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201804490.
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ABSTRACT A controversy involving loan loss provisions in banks concerns their relationship with the business cycle. While international accounting standards for recognizing provisions (incurred loss model) would presumably be pro-cyclical, accentuating the effects of the current economic cycle, an alternative model, the expected loss model, has countercyclical characteristics, acting as a buffer against economic imbalances caused by expansionary or contractionary phases in the economy. In Brazil, a mixed accounting model exists, whose behavior is not known to be pro-cyclical or countercyclical. The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of these accounting models in relation to the business cycle, using an econometric model consisting of financial and macroeconomic variables. The study allowed us to identify the impact of credit risk behavior, earnings management, capital management, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) behavior, and the behavior of the unemployment rate on provisions in countries that use different accounting models. Data from commercial banks in the United Kingdom (incurred loss), in Spain (expected loss), and in Brazil (mixed model) were used, covering the period from 2001 to 2012. Despite the accounting models of the three countries being formed by very different rules regarding possible effects on the business cycles, the results revealed a pro-cyclical behavior of provisions in each country, indicating that when GDP grows, provisions tend to fall and vice versa. The results also revealed other factors influencing the behavior of loan loss provisions, such as earning management.
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Suyitno, Suyitno, Urip Agus Salim, and Muslim Mahardika. "Aplikasi Cetakan Permanen untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Kualitas Produk IKM Pengecoran Logam Kuningan di Ngawen, Sidokarto, Godean, Yogyakarta." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.22218.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) brass foundry in Ngawen Sidokarto, District of Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta mostly produced cow necklace accessories (klonthong) and jathilan accessories (klinthing). Te industry and business management are arranged within the scope of family. Te products are relatively low in quality and its market share is limited and tend to be traditional. Tis condition is caused by the weak knowledge of the management and the method of casting metals and metal science. Brass casting methode, that was used at IKM partner, is casting with mold of sand or soil. Tis process requires the making process of sand molds, that is removed afer the brass solidify. For large quantities products, this process is inefcient and takes a long time. It would require a more efcient and faster method in the production process. Method of sand casting and ceramics have been used by SMEs cast brass in Yogyakarta, however it has many disadvantages in terms of increased productivity and quality as well as the expansion of product applications. Te permanent mold casting of iron is a casting method which has many advantages over other methods, but the use for SMEs has not been applied in the SME of cast brass. Te permanen mold casting methods was introduced to SME partners. Tis replaces the sand mold materials and molding sand. It is expected the casting process is faster because the mold can be used for a large number of products. Te results show that the application of the technology results in products with precision and consistent in shape and size. Community Service of UGM with Appropriate Technology has also collaborated with Industry and Trade service of Yogyakarta donation of production machinery for making permanent mold. It can be concluded that the application of permanen mold in the brass foundry industry improve the product precision and the speed of produsction.
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E. Koeslulat, Ermi. "Kandungan antinutrisi, logam berat dan cemaran biologis tepung buah Sonneratia spp dan Rhizophora mucronata dari populasi hutan mangrove di Kabupaten Kupang." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2019.13.2.105-116.
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Mangrove degradation tend to increase due to excessive human activity such as land conversion, wood extraction for construction and fuel wood and nonmetallic extraction. The utilization of fruit of mangroves-in certain limits- can be an alternative way to convert the destructive utilization into more environmentally friendly one. This study aims to determine three types of flour i.e Sonneratia spp fruit flesh flour (SFFF), Rhizophora mucronata fruit skin flour (RSFF) ; and Rhizophora fruit flesh flour (RFFF). Since the utilization of SFFF is more developed in community than RSFF and RFFF, the SFFF is examined more than the two next. The analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Center for Agro-Based Industry and Laboratory of Study Center for Biopharmaca, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The examination of SFFF covered antinutrient content (tannin and cyanide acid (HCN)), heavy metal (Pb, Mn, Cu, Hg and As) and biological contaminants (total plate count, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp, mold and yeast). The examination of RSFF and RFFF covered only tannin as antinutrient and Pb, Mn, Cu, Hg and As as heavy metals. The results showed that SFFF met the SNI Standards for tannin, HCN, Hg, As, E.coli, B. cereus, Salmonella sp, molds and yeasts while the Cu and Mn did not. RSFF and RFFF met the standards for tannin, Hg and As, while Pb, Cu dan Mn content did not. These content may be reduced by increasing the soaking and boiling time.
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E. Koeslulat, Ermi, and Sigit B. Prabawa. "Kandungan antinutrisi, logam berat dan cemaran biologis tepung buah Sonneratia spp dan Rhizophora mucronata dari populasi hutan mangrove di Kabupaten Kupang." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2020.13.2.105-116.
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Mangrove degradation tend to increase due to excessive human activity such as land conversion, wood extraction for construction and fuel wood and nonmetallic extraction. The utilization of fruit of mangroves-in certain limits- can be an alternative way to convert the destructive utilization into more environmentally friendly one. This study aims to determine three types of flour i.e Sonneratia spp fruit flesh flour (SFFF), Rhizophora mucronata fruit skin flour (RSFF) ; and Rhizophora fruit flesh flour (RFFF). Since the utilization of SFFF is more developed in community than RSFF and RFFF, the SFFF is examined more than the two next. The analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Center for Agro-Based Industry and Laboratory of Study Center for Biopharmaca, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The examination of SFFF covered antinutrient content (tannin and cyanide acid (HCN)), heavy metal (Pb, Mn, Cu, Hg and As) and biological contaminants (total plate count, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp, mold and yeast). The examination of RSFF and RFFF covered only tannin as antinutrient and Pb, Mn, Cu, Hg and As as heavy metals. The results showed that SFFF met the SNI Standards for tannin, HCN, Hg, As, E.coli, B. cereus, Salmonella sp, molds and yeasts while the Cu and Mn did not. RSFF and RFFF met the standards for tannin, Hg and As, while Pb, Cu dan Mn content did not. These content may be reduced by increasing the soaking and boiling time.
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Kausar, Nabeela, Ikram Ud Din, Mudassar Ali Khan, Ahmad Almogren, and Byung-Seo Kim. "GRA-PIN: A Graphical and PIN-Based Hybrid Authentication Approach for Smart Devices." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041349.
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In many smart devices and numerous digital applications, authentication mechanisms are widely used to validate the legitimacy of users’ identification. As a result of the increased use of mobile devices, most people tend to save sensitive and secret information over such devices. Personal Identification Number (PIN)-based and alphanumeric passwords are simple to remember, but at the same time, they are vulnerable to hackers. Being difficult to guess and more user-friendly, graphical passwords have grown in popularity as an alternative to all such textual passwords. This paper describes an innovative, hybrid, and much more robust user authentication approach, named GRA-PIN (GRAphical and PIN-based), which combines the merits of both graphical and pin-based techniques. The feature of simple arithmetic operations (addition and subtraction) is incorporated in the proposed scheme, through which random passwords are generated for each login attempt. In the study, we have conducted a comparative study between the GRA-PIN scheme with existing PIN-based and pattern-based (swipe-based) authentications approaches using the standard Software Usability Scale (SUS). The usability score of GRA-PIN was analyzed to be as high as 94%, indicating that it is more reliable and user friendly. Furthermore, the security of the proposed scheme was challenged through an experiment wherein three different attackers, having a complete understanding of the proposed scheme, attempted to crack the technique via shoulder surfing, guessing, and camera attack, but they were unsuccessful.
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Mugarura, Norman. "The Law relating to syndicated loan agreements and its application in commercial practice." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 24, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-09-2015-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to articulate the law relating to syndicated loan agreements and what legal experts and parties need to safeguard against inherent pitfalls in its usage and practice. The research design of this paper has two strands: an examination of generic issues relating syndicated loan agreements and the process; and the mechanisms for transferring proprietary rights and interests should parties want to do so. Design/methodology/approach The paper was written on the basis of evaluating primary and secondary data sources to gain insights into commercial experiences of harnessing syndicated loan facilities as an alternative form of raising finance for development projects. It has examined case law which reflects the law and practice of syndicated loan markets both in common and civil law jurisdictions. Particular attention has been paid to the credibility of source materials and its relevance to usage and practice of syndicated loan agreements. The core element of this methodology has been an evaluation of generic issues which underpin syndicated loan agreements, analysis of academic literature and evaluation of cases and policy documents. The paper has drawn examples in both common and civil jurisdictions to gain insights into the law which governs syndicated loan markets and its practical application. There has been an uptake in syndicated loan markets not only in United Kingdom but also globally. While there has been a growing body of literature on syndicated loan markets, mechanisms for transferring proprietary rights and interests of contractual parties have not been given proportionate attention. The paper addresses a gap in the law of syndicated loan markets and the varied ways in which they are harnessed in international commercial practice. It addresses existing gaps in the law and practice of syndicated loans, not only in the UK but also in other jurisdictions where examples have been drawn. The research design of this paper has two strands: an examination of generic issues relating loans and the process in which they are constituted as financial products; and the mechanisms for transferring proprietary rights and interests. Findings The findings underscore the fact that much as syndicated loans offer huge advantages to commercial parties, there are also intricacies which parties need to keep in mind and guard against. Like in other forms of commercial agreements, parties to a syndicated loan agreement have the power to nominate the governing law not necessarily from jurisdictions where they do business but as they may see fit. In practice, effective contractual terms in syndicated loans are to be applied slightly differently to other form of commercial agreements in English contract law. For example, representation and warranties are grouped together and constitute statements by the borrower, which the lender considers should be true at the inception of the loan agreement. As a syndicated loan involves the participation of many banks (obviously some foreign banks), there is the potential for conflict of laws. As such, arranging a syndicated loan should be governed by the relating to international commercial contracts to address the challenge posed by conflict of laws. This is essential to ensure proprietary transfer of rights in the asset are properly constituted and effective. The loan should be carefully structured to reflect important technical issues which relate to duties and obligation of contractual parties. Research limitations/implications This was largely a theoretical paper undertaken on the basis of evaluating primary and secondary data sources, some of which were not able to corroborate. It would have been better to corroborate some of the data sources used with financial institutions (which specialise in syndicate loans and related products) to mitigate the potential for bias the data used were generated. Practical implications It is important that legal practitioners and policy markers have access to requisite data on different types of loan markets not only in the UK but also other jurisdictions. One of the most important implication is that unlike bond markets (which are sought in response to an uptake in market risks), the foregoing environment tends to negatively correlate in syndicated loan markets. Lending institutions such as banks tend to be cautious when there are instabilities in the market as demonstrated in the aftermath of the recent global financial crisis (2010-2014). There is a converse relationship between loan markets and syndicated loans, which is explained by the fact that the higher the risks, the more cautious lenders (financial institutions) tend to be to safeguard against uncertainties of ending in an environment which is not conducive for business. Bonds on the other hand are sought as security by credit markets against inherent risks especially in times of economic uncertainties. This is why in the aftermath of the recent global financial crisis, banks were anxious and unwilling to lend not only to each other but also to small business for fear and to curtail potential market risks. It needs to be noted that just like in other forms of international commercial agreements, parties in syndicated loan agreements have autonomy to nominate the governing law of the agreement, not necessarily from jurisdictions where parties do business. Where parties have not nominated the governing law clause of syndicated loan contracts, rules of private international law such as characteristic performance of the contract will apply. Social implications There is a growing body of literature on syndicated loan markets, but one wonders why mechanisms for transferring proprietary rights and interests of contractual parties have not been written about as much. It is an important area but has somehow been overlooked by scholars on this subject. If the borrowers’ fails to keep up their repayments (default), it will have an adverse on loan markets and the economic stability which will in turn affects businesses, people and national governments. Originality/value The paper was written on the basis of evaluating primary and secondary data sources to gain insights into commercial experiences of harnessing syndicated loan facilities as an alternative form of raising finance for development projects. It has examined case law which reflects the law and practice of syndicated loan markets both in common and civil law jurisdictions. Particular attention has been paid to the credibility of source materials and its relevance to usage and practice of syndicated loan agreements. The core element of this methodology has been an evaluation of generic issues which underpin syndicated loan agreements, analysis of academic literature and evaluation of cases and policy documents. The paper has drawn examples in both common and civil jurisdictions to gain insights into the law which governs syndicated loan markets and its practical application.
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Chamidah, Nur, Nadhira Safa Kamiilah, Putu Eka Andriani, Cynthia Anggelyn Siburian, Muhammad Rizaldy Baihaqi, and Salma Bethari Andjani S. "ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USAGE OF ONLINE LOAN SERVICES AND THE WELL-BEING OF INDONESIAN USING CHI-SQUARE TEST." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 18, no. 2 (May 25, 2024): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol18iss2pp1217-1228.
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Online fintech lending offers convenience by providing flexibility for both lenders and borrowers. It led to a significant increase in users. Despite this encouraging growth, it comes with risks, such as the emergence of illegal loan companies. The controversial positive and negative aspects of online loans have sparked the researchers' interest in understanding how the Indonesian public perceives the existence of online loans and whether there is a relationship between the use of online loans and the well-being of users. The data were collected through the questionnaire using Google Form and then distributed to respondents who meet the specified sample criteria, namely Indonesian, aged 17 years old or above, and still able to think rationally. The total study sample are 191 respondents, with the total male is 90 and the total female is 101. Since the results of the data gathered were in the form of categorical data, so the Chi-square test is utilized in this study. With the calculated chi-square less than the chi-square table, it showed that there is no correlation between the frequency of using online loan services and the well-being of the Indonesian people, whether based on age, level of education, or type of job. Hence, it can be concluded that the usage of online loan services is not influences the well-being of Indonesian. It is also known that public perceptions of online loans vary and cannot be generalized. However, those less prosperous, tend to agree with and appreciate the online loan services’ existence compared to those who are prosperous.
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Schroeder, Sarah Bartlett. "Academic Libraries Report Minimal Standardization and Oversight of LibGuide Content." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29955.
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A Review of: Logan, J., & Spence, M. (2021). Content strategy in LibGuides: An exploratory study. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(1), Article 102282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102282 Abstract Objective – To determine what strategies academic libraries use to govern creation and maintenance of their LibGuides. Design – Online survey questionnaire. Setting – A selection of academic libraries that use Springshare’s LibGuide system, mainly in the United States and Canada. Subjects – Academic libraries with administrator level access to LibGuides at 120 large and small, private and public schools. Methods – Researchers made their online questionnaire available on a Springshare lounge and recruited participants through electronic mailing lists. Respondents were self-selected participants. The survey consisted of 35 questions, including several about their institution’s size and type, the number of LibGuides available through their library, and how their guides are created and reviewed. There was space available for comments. The survey stated that the researchers’ goal is to complete an “environmental scan of content strategies” in LibGuides at academic institutions. Main Results – Of the 120 responding institutions, 88% are located in either the United States or Canada and 53% reported that they do have content guidelines for LibGuide authors. Content guidelines might include parameters for topics, target audiences, or purpose. Parameters for structural elements, including page design, content reuse policies, naming conventions, and navigation, were most commonly represented at those institutions that reported having guidelines. Seventy-seven percent of respondents reported that their LibGuides do not go through a formal review process prior to publication. Regarding LibGuide maintenance, 58% reported that LibGuides are reviewed as needed, while 27% indicated a more systematic approach. In most cases, the LibGuide reviewer is the author, though sometimes a LibGuide administrator may take on a review role. The most common considerations for LibGuide review are currency, accuracy, usage, and consistency. Of the responding institutions, 74% reported that they do not conduct any user testing of their guides. Two of the biggest barriers to introducing and maintaining LibGuide guidelines identified in the survey were lack of time and a sense of librarian ownership over content and workflow. The strong culture of academic freedom may make some librarians resistant to following institutional guidelines. Survey respondents noted that, where content guidelines are present, they tend to address “low hanging fruit” issues, such as page design and naming conventions, rather than more complex issues around tone and messaging. Conclusion – Content creators tend to have many competing priorities, so a workflow and guideline system might help librarians spend less time on their guides. Despite a large amount of research on LibGuide best practices regarding content strategy, few institutions seem to be taking systematic steps to implement them. Further research examining the experiences of LibGuide authors and administrators and on the effectiveness of content strategy practices is necessary.