Academic literature on the topic 'Log book variables'
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Journal articles on the topic "Log book variables"
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Deheuvels, Paul, and Josef Steinebach. "Exact convergence rate of an Erdös-Rényi strong law for moving quantiles." Journal of Applied Probability 23, no. 2 (June 1986): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214179.
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Consider a sequence U1, U2, · ·· of i.i.d. uniform (0, 1)-random variables. For fixed α ∈ (0, 1), let U(n, K) denote the [Kα]th order statistic of the subsample Un+1, · ··, Un+K, and set . Book and Truax (1976) proved the following analogue of the Erdös-Rényi (1970) strong law of large numbers: for α < u < 1 and C = C(α, u) such that −1/C = αlog(u/α)+ (1 – α)log((l – u)/(1 –α)), it holds almost surely that In view of the Deheuvels–Devroye (1983) improvements of the original Erdös-Rényi law, we determine the lim inf and lim sup of where K = [C log N]. This improves (∗), showing that it holds with a best-possible convergence rate of order O(log log N/log N). Using the quantile transformation the result can be extended to a general i.i.d. sequence X1, X2, · ·· with d.f. F satisfying a strict monotonicity condition.
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Deheuvels, Paul, and Josef Steinebach. "Exact convergence rate of an Erdös-Rényi strong law for moving quantiles." Journal of Applied Probability 23, no. 02 (June 1986): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200029661.
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Consider a sequence U 1, U 2 , · ·· of i.i.d. uniform (0, 1)-random variables. For fixed α ∈ (0, 1), let U(n, K) denote the [Kα]th order statistic of the subsample Un +1, · ··, Un +K , and set . Book and Truax (1976) proved the following analogue of the Erdös-Rényi (1970) strong law of large numbers: for α < u < 1 and C = C(α, u) such that −1/C = αlog(u/α)+ (1 – α)log((l – u)/(1 –α)), it holds almost surely that In view of the Deheuvels–Devroye (1983) improvements of the original Erdös-Rényi law, we determine the lim inf and lim sup of where K = [C log N]. This improves (∗), showing that it holds with a best-possible convergence rate of order O(log log N/log N). Using the quantile transformation the result can be extended to a general i.i.d. sequence X 1, X 2, · ·· with d.f. F satisfying a strict monotonicity condition.
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Putri, Melati Dwi Nabila, and Zainul Kisman. "Analysis Of Factors Affecting Firm Value (Empirical Studies On Food And Beverage Sub-Sector Industry Companies Listed On Idx In 2014 – 2020)." Islamic Banking : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah 8, no. 1 (August 16, 2022): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.36908/isbank.v8i1.571.
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This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, dividend policy, firm size, and debt policy on firm value in the Manufacturing sector of the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2020. The ratios used in this study include Price to Book Value (PBV), Return on Equity (ROE), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Log Total Assets, and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). This study used 10 companies as research samples with 7 years of observation, resulting in 70 observations. This research uses Eviews version 10 program with panel data analysis method. The method used in sampling in this study, namely purposive sampling technique. The results showed that simultaneously profitability (ROE), Dividend Policy (DPR), Firm Size (Log Total Assets), and Debt Policy (DER) variables had an effect on firm value, and partially Profitability (ROE) and Debt Policy (DER) variables. has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Then the Dividend Policy (DPR) has a negative and significant effect on firm value. While Firm size (Log Total Assets) has no effect on firm value in the company
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Putri, Hana Tamara. "PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARE (EPS) DAN PRICE BOOK VALUE (PBV) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA INDUSTRI RETAIL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2013-2016." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 3, no. 2 (October 17, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v3i2.57.
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The purpose of this studyis to find out how the influence of earnings per share (EPS) and price book value (PBV) simultaneously and parcial to stock prices in retail industry listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia period 2013-2016. The ojek this analysis is the retail industry listed on the stock exchange indonesia period 2013-2016. Sampel used in this research is as many as 8 retail industry listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia period 2013-2016. The method used is qualitative and quantitative method. . The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis, the classical assumption test (normality, multicolinearity, hetoroscedasicity, and autocorrelation) and coefficient of determination. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the equation Log Y= 2.244 + Log 0,528EPS Log 0,018PBV + e , with F test value of 5,153. Value t test for earning per share (EPS) of 3,159 and the value of T test for price book value (PBV) of 0,113. Rated R Square 26,2%, while the remaining 73,8% explained other factors beyond the study models. And the R value of 0,512. The conclusion of this research indicates that simultaneously independent variable earnings per share (EPS) and price book value (PBV) have an effect on stock price variable. The parcial price (PBV) has no significant effect on stock price dependent and earnings per share (EPS) have a significant effect on stock price variables.
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Romashchenko, Andrei, Alexander Shen, and Marius Zimand. "27 Open Problems in Kolmogorov Complexity." ACM SIGACT News 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3510382.3510389.
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This formula can be informally read as follows: the ith messagemi brings us log(1=pi) "bits of information" (whatever this means), and appears with frequency pi, so H is the expected amount of information provided by one random message (one sample of the random variable). Moreover, we can construct an optimal uniquely decodable code that requires about H (at most H + 1, to be exact) bits per message on average, and it encodes the ith message by approximately log(1=pi) bits, following the natural idea to use short codewords for frequent messages. This fits well the informal reading of the formula given above, and it is tempting to say that the ith message "contains log(1=pi) bits of information." Shannon himself succumbed to this temptation [46, p. 399] when he wrote about entropy estimates and considers Basic English and James Joyces's book "Finnegan's Wake" as two extreme examples of high and low redundancy in English texts. But, strictly speaking, one can speak only of entropies of random variables, not of their individual values, and "Finnegan's Wake" is not a random variable, just a specific string. Can we define the amount of information in individual objects?
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Wong, Tze Sun. "Stock Characteristics and Individual Herding." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2020100104.
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Individuals who invest stocks in a market with excess volatility generally end up selling or holding the stocks at losses. The purpose of this study was to examine individual herding as it related to three comprehensible stock characteristics, market capitalization, price-to-book ratio, and industry affiliation. The target population was the individual investors who traded in Taiwan Stock Exchange in 2016. Data were collected through subscription. Based on Lakonishok, Shleifer, and Vishny's measure, individual herding was significant. The three stock characteristics were separately and as a whole related to individual herding. The findings confirmed sell-herding higher than buy-herding, more serious herding in high market capitalization stocks, and broad industry herding. The findings also extended knowledge to comparable herding levels with 8 to 10 years ago, more linearity between log market capitalization and log odds of herd occurrence, and less herding in P/B ratio stocks with other independent variables controlled.
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Hagströmer, Maria, Pekka Oja, and Michael Sjöström. "The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 6 (September 2006): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005898.
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AbstractIntroductionThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed to measure health-related physical activity (PA) in populations. The short version of the IPAQ has been tested extensively and is now used in many international studies. The present study aimed to explore the validity characteristics of the long-version IPAQ.Subjects and methodsForty-six voluntary healthy male and female subjects (age, mean±standard deviation: 40.7±10.3 years) participated in the study. PA indicators derived from the long, self-administered IPAQ were compared with data from an activity monitor and a PA log book for concurrent validity, and with aerobic fitness, body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat for construct validity.ResultsStrong positive relationships were observed between the activity monitor data and the IPAQ data for total PA (ρ = 0.55, P < 0.001) and vigorous PA (ρ = 0.71, P < 0.001), but a weaker relationship for moderate PA (ρ = 0.21, P = 0.051). Calculated MET-h day−1 from the PA log book was significantly correlated with MET-h day−1 from the IPAQ (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001). A weak correlation was observed between IPAQ data for total PA and both aerobic fitness (ρ = 0.21, P = 0.051) and BMI (ρ = 0.25, P = 0.009). No significant correlation was observed between percentage body fat and IPAQ variables. Bland–Altman analysis suggested that the inability of activity monitors to detect certain types of activities might introduce a source of error in criterion validation studies.ConclusionsThe long, self-administered IPAQ questionnaire has acceptable validity when assessing levels and patterns of PA in healthy adults.
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Mulia, Rahmi Putri, Herlina Helmy, and Mia Angelina Setiawan. "Equity Risk Incentives dan Corporate Tax Aggresiveness." Wahana Riset Akuntansi 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/wra.v7i1.104567.
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This study aims to examine the equity risk incentives relationship with corporate tax aggressiveness. This study uses four proxies to measure corporate tax aggressiveness variables, namely Cash Effectives Tax Rate (CETR), Tax Shelter, Unrecognized Tax Benefits (UTB), and Discretionary Book Tax Differences (DTAX). The equity risk incentives variable is measured using the annual natural total log of compensation of the key management. The study population was manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. The study samples were determined by purposive sampling method so that samples for each CETR, Shelter, UTB and DTAX were obtained were 235, 180, 210 and 205 companies. Based on panel data regression analysis, the results show that 1) Equity Risk Incentive is negatively related to Cash Effectives Tax Rate but not significant, 2) Equity Risk Incentive is positively related to Tax Shelter but not significant, 3) Equity Risk Incentive is negatively related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits not significant, and 4) Equity Risk Incentive is positively related to the Discretionary Book Tax Differences but not significant. The conclusion of this study is that equity risk incentives are not positively related significantly with corporate tax aggressiveness so the hypothesis is rejected.Keywords: Equity Risk Incentives; Tax Aggressiveness
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Kebede, Ebissa Bayana, Adugna Olani Akuma, and Yonas Biratu Tarfa. "Perinatal Asphyxia Among Neonates Admitted Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2098130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20981304.
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Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a severe problem which causes serious problem in neonates in developing countries. This study is aimed to determine magnitude of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among neonates admitted over a period of 4 years on 740 samples. Systematic sampling method was employed to get required samples from log book. Epi-data 3.1 is used for data entry and the entered data was exported to SPSS Version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multiple variable logistic regressions analysis were applied to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Finally, P-value <.05 at 95% CI was declared statistically significant. Results: The main significant factor associated to perinatal asphyxia were prolonged labor ( P = .04, AOR = 1.68 95%CI: [1.00, 2.80]), being primipara ( P = .003, AOR = 2.06, 95%CI: [1.28, 3.30]), Small for Gestational Age (SGA) ( P = .001, AOR = 4.35, 95%CI: [1.85, 10.19]), Large for Gestational Age ( P = .001, AOR = 16.75, 95%CI: [3.82, 73.33]) and mode of delivery. Conclusion: The magnitude of perinatal asphyxia was 18%. Prolonged labor, parity, birth size, mode of delivery, and APGAR score at 1st minute were significantly associated with perinatal asphyxia. So, Nurses, Midwives, Medical Doctors, and health extension workers have to engage and contribute to on how to decrease the magnitude of perinatal asphyxia.
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.., Mohamed Bechir, and Nadia Mansour. "Governance mechanisms, gender diversity and banking performance: The case of French banks." Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Technology 1, no. 1 (2023): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jsdgt.010103.
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Today, there is a great deal of pressure on companies from public authorities, investors, and civil society to introduce more diversity. This criterion is the subject of binding regulations in various countries, to strengthen the presence of women in the management and governance of companies. Our study aims to investigate the results of governance mechanisms, especially board of directors ‘characteristics, on a bank’s performance. Specifically, we are examining how certain governance practices, such as gender diversity on the board and the CEO's dual role, affect a bank's performance. Indeed, these boards’ attributes are proven to reduce agency conflicts and enhance control mechanisms to serve in the best manner shareholders and contribute the better banks' performance. For our empirical methodology, we used panel data with a sample of 66 French banks observed during the period 2014-2018. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between gender diversity and performance, as measured by the variable return on equity. We also discovered that director independence has a positive effect on performance. We observed a positive and significant effect on the bank's performance as a result of the CEO's duality. For control variables used: size and debt, the relationship with bank performance is positive with the size variable calculated as the log Book value of Total Assets. But the impact is negative between debt and banks' performance with low significance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Log book variables"
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Markaida-Golzarri, Miren Jaione. "La Articulación de la Identidad Nacional Euskérica en Textos de los Siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII: The Articulation of Basque National Identity in XVI, XVII, and XVIII Century Texts." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin992362262.
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(13145966), Gregory John Rowsell. "Predicting maximal 400-m swim performance using submaximal swim times and training log variables." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Predicting_maximal_400-m_swim_performance_using_submaximal_swim_times_and_training_log_variables/20365512.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of using a combination of submaximal swim measures and log book variables to predict 400-m maximal swim performance in well -trained triathletes. Seven well -trained triathletes (five male, two female) recorded subjective ratings of well being (quality of sleep, fatigue, stress and muscle soreness), training effort (day prior), resting morning heart rate and previous day's training details (minutes swum, bicycled or run) in daily training logs for a 42 -day period during the preparation phase of a triathlon -training year. Each participant also completed three consecutive swimming performance measures (200-m and 500-m submaximal, and 400-m maximal swims) at two of four regular weekly swim -training sessions. Statistical analyses revealed that 200-m submaximal swim time (r = 0.602, p = 0.000), 500-m submaximal swim time (r = 0.655, p = 0.000), quality of sleep (r = 0.201, p = 0.039), stress (r = 0.251, p = 0.013) and training effort (day prior) (r = 0.314, p = 0.003) were significantly correlated to the variation in 400-m maximal swim performance. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 49.4% of the variance in 400-m maximal swim performance was predicted by the 200-m and 500- m submaximal swim times. A combination of submaximal swim measures and log book variables significantly enhanced (F (7, 68) = 3.324, p = 0.004) the prediction such that 58.4% of the variance in 400-m maximal swim performance was explained. These results suggest that a combination of log book variables and submaximal swim measures account for a significant amount of the variance in 400-m maximal swim performance and that a combination of these variables may be used to monitor individual responses to swim training in well -trained triathletes.
Books on the topic "Log book variables"
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López Naranjo, José Isabel, and Rodolfo Osorio Osorio. Análisis de regresión aplicado. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/book.93.
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El análisis de regresión es una herramienta de la inferencia estadística aplicada que permite ajustar conjunto de datos proveniente de trabajos de investigación con propósitos de predicción. En esta obra se trata una diversidad de técnicas útiles en esta tarea y se proporcionan las estrategias que permiten la selección de las variables, el tamaño de muestra y el mejor modelo; aquél que explique de mejor manera la relación entre las variables estudiadas. Esta técnica es aplicable en cualquier área de las ciencias: agropecuarias, biológica, económica, salud, genética, matemáticas, del comportamiento humano, etc., donde los objetivos incluyan predicción de resultados futuros de la variable respuesta (dependiente).
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Segundo Curso sobre Elementos Básicos del Análisis Matemático. UJAT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/book.189.
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Este libro puede servir como guía en la impartición de un curso semestral de Análisis Matemático para estudiantes universitarios con conocimientos básicos sobre cálculo diferencial e integral de Riemann para funciones de una variable, así como de convergencia y continuidad de espacios métricos. El libro consiste de cuatro capítulos, en los cuales se abordan los siguientes temas: integración de Riemann-Stieltjes, convergencia puntual y uniforme de sucesiones y series de funciones, teoría de diferenciación e integración de Riemann para funciones de varias variables e integración impropia de Riemann. En todos estos temas se dan demostraciones muy detalladas de los resultados y se presentan varios ejemplos que coadyuvan a la comprensión y uso de los conceptos y resultados presentados. Cada sección contiene una lista de ejercicios que pueden ser resueltos con sólo el material previo y el de la sección correspondiente. Tales listas contienen ejercicios que se resuelven o demuestran en forma más o menos directa de las definiciones y teoremas vistos, y algunos no en forma tan directa, pero se presentan sugerencias para algunos de los más intricados. Estas listas de ejercicios son además un complemento de la teoría vista en las secciones, pues varios de ellos corresponden a demostrar algunas proposiciones o corolarios que se desprenden de algunos teoremas importantes; así como a demostrar algunas afirmaciones en las pruebas de estos teoremas, lo cual induce al estudiante a realizar un análisis cuidadoso de tales demostraciones y adquirir una mejor comprensión de tales teoremas.
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Pérez Castro, Judith. Una mirada multidisciplinaria sobre la formación ambiental y los desastres. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/book.61.
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Los desastres son eventos extraordinarios en los que suelen intervenir múltiples variables, ya sean naturales o de origen antrópico, en diferentes grados y combinaciones. Sus efectos adversos se manifiestan en el corto, mediano y largo plazos en diversos contextos: económicos, geográficos, políticos, humanos, sociales y culturales. Para enfrentar y gestionar las consecuencias de los fenómenos catastróficos es necesario dotar a los sujetos de una formación en saberes, habilidades y valores, principalmente en las primeras etapas de su vida. En este capítulo exponemos parte de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo identificar los conocimientos que en materia de prevención y manejo de desastres son transmitidos en el medio escolar.
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Ortiz Lazcano, Asael. Cincuenta años de divorcio en Hidalgo. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/books.34.
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El interés de este trabajo es analizar de forma cuantitativa e histórica, la evolución del divorcio en el estado de Hidalgo durante los últimos 50 años (1950-2000), apoyándose para ello en aspectos demográficos, socioeconómicos, jurídicos e históricos1. Esta revisión se hace de forma directa mediante el análisis de variables que de acuerdo a diversas investigaciones, han modificado radicalmente a la familia, a las relaciones interpersonales y de pareja en el último medio siglo. Estas variables son la edad al matrimonio, el nivel de escolaridad (principalmente en las mujeres), el trabajo asalariado femenino, la baja en la fecundidad y la edad de solicitud del divorcio, entre otras (Kiernan, 1986; Ahrons, 1987; Glick, 1989; Morgan, 1990; Bergman, 1990; De Oliveira y García; 1993; Jelin, 1991, 1994; García y De Oliveira, 1998; Quilodrán, 2001).
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Ortiz Lazcano, Asael, and Joselito Medina Marín, eds. México 2020: la pandemia del Sars-Cov-2 y sus diferentes tasas de intensidad. Algunas características sociodemográficas. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/books.12.
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La presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia del Sars-Cov-2 en las defunciones de mexicanos, especialmente aquellos que presentan ciertas comorbilidades, y la hipótesis que se manejó dentro de la presente investigación, plantea que son estas personas las que tienen una mayor probabilidad de complicación y de fallecimiento ante un contagio del Sars-Cov-2. La pandemia del COVID19 ha generado tasas de mortalidad diferenciando por sexo, edad, entre otras variables demográficas; sin embargo los recursos de atención médica, el distanciamiento social y las políticas de salud han causado grandes variaciones en el alcance y la dinámica de la pandemia en todas las naciones. Por ello se ha hecho difícil estimar la prevalencia, la tasa de mortalidad por infección y otros factores importantes para los proveedores de atención y los encargados de formular políticas públicas y de salud. Rahmandad, Lim y Sterman, estimaron la propagación a nivel mundial del COVID-19, para ello utilizaron los datos de 84 países, realizando pruebas confiables que incluyen 4.75 mil millones de personas y desarrollaron un modelo epidemiológico dinámico que integra datos sobre casos, muertes, exceso de mortalidad y otros factores para estimar cómo la transmisión asintomática, la agudeza de la enfermedad, la hospitalización y las respuestas conductuales y políticas influyen la prevalencia del COVID19. Para los países seleccionados ellos estimaron casos y defunciones hasta el 18 de junio del presente año; estimaron en 11.8 la tasa de mortalidad por infección y un error en la estadística de 1.48 veces los informes oficiales respectivamente. Afirman que en todas las naciones permanecen muy por debajo del nivel necesario para la inmunidad colectiva. También concluyeron que se hubiera alertado al público antes, con ellos se hubieran reducido los contactos y se podrían haber evitado 35.3 millones de casos y 197 mil muertes. Sin embargo, los resultados futuros dependen menos de las pruebas y más de la voluntad de las comunidades y los gobiernos de reducir la transmisión (Rahmandad, Lim y Sterman, 2020).
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Merlevède, Florence, Magda Peligrad, and Sergey Utev. Functional Gaussian Approximation for Dependent Structures. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826941.001.0001.
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This book has its origin in the need for developing and analyzing mathematical models for phenomena that evolve in time and influence each another, and aims at a better understanding of the structure and asymptotic behavior of stochastic processes. This monograph has double scope. First, to present tools for dealing with dependent structures directed toward obtaining normal approximations. Second, to apply the normal approximations presented in the book to various examples. The main tools consist of inequalities for dependent sequences of random variables, leading to limit theorems, including the functional central limit theorem (CLT) and functional moderate deviation principle (MDP). The results will point out large classes of dependent random variables which satisfy invariance principles, making possible the statistical study of data coming from stochastic processes both with short and long memory. Over the course of the book different types of dependence structures are considered, ranging from the traditional mixing structures to martingale-like structures and to weakly negatively dependent structures, which link the notion of mixing to the notions of association and negative dependence. Several applications have been carefully selected to exhibit the importance of the theoretical results. They include random walks in random scenery and determinantal processes. In addition, due to their importance in analyzing new data in economics, linear processes with dependent innovations will also be considered and analyzed.
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Anderson, Michael, and Corinne Roughley. Scotland's Populations from the 1850s to Today. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805830.001.0001.
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The last book-length study of Scottish population history was published in 1977, and it stopped in 1939. This book uses much hitherto unexploited material to throw new light on many topics. It sets current and recent population changes in their long-term context, exploring how the legacies of past demographic change have combined with a history of weak industrial investment, employment insecurity, deprivation and poor living conditions to produce the population profiles and changes of Scotland today. A major argument of this book is that Scotland has had multiple population histories, with great variability in population change, migration patterns, nuptiality, fertility, and mortality, and that these can be directly linked to its wide diversity of topography, climate and natural resources, which are in turn significantly linked to the many differences in local agrarian systems, settlement patterns and housing, transport accessibility, and local industries and other employments. This diversity and these linkages are explored throughout the book. However, the book also shows that, on all the major demographic variables, there have been features that stand out as making Scotland different both from England and Wales and from other parts of Europe. Emigration was higher, nuptiality lower, marital fertility higher until the 1980s, and mortality persistently higher, especially in the West Central Belt of the country; the only exception, in a comparative context, was low infant mortality in the later nineteenth century. The reasons behind these differences are extensively explored.
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Bergman, Marcelo. Trends and Patterns in Latin American Criminality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608774.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a comprehensive evaluation of Latin American trends in violent and property crime over the past twenty-five to thirty years, displays short and long time series for different countries, and describes various types of crimes in the region. Different data sources depict the clear upward trend in criminality and country differences in the intensity of crime. This chapter also discusses the merits of transcending homicide data to fully assess the social transformations occurring in the region. Finally, it describes the dependent variable of this book.
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Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796992.003.0010.
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The main conclusions of the book are four. Without the credible prospect of an equilibrium shift even well-designed reforms of Italy’s political or economic institutions are likely to yield limited results, because they shall be undermined by the constraints posed by the extant equilibrium. The country’s political and economic elites are unlikely to be either willing or able to promote an equilibrium shift, however, by reason of those same constraints. Two consequences follow. First, absent an external shock the country is likely to remain on the extant equilibrium for as long as its material and moral consequences shall be tolerable. Second, a strategy to reverse Italy’s decline should focus on the variable that is freer from the grip of that equilibrium, namely ideas.
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Kaufman, J. Gilbert, and Elwin L. Rooy. Aluminum Alloy Castings. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.aacppa.9781627083355.
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Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processes and Applications is a practical guide to the process, structure, property relationships associated with aluminum alloy castings and casting processes. It covers a wide range of casting methods, including variations of sand casting, permanent mold casting, and pressure die casting, showing how key process variables affect the microstructure, properties, and performance of cast aluminum parts. Other chapters provide similar information on the effects of alloying and heat treating and the influence and control of porosity and inclusions. A significant portion of the book contains curated collections of property and performance data, including many previously unpublished aging response curves, growth curves, and fatigue curves; tensile properties at high and low temperatures and at room temperature after high-temperature exposure; the results of creep rupture tests conducted at temperatures from 212 to 600 °F (100 to 315 °C); and stress-strain curves obtained from casting alloys in various tempers under tensile or compressive loads. The book also discusses the factors that contribute to corrosion and fracture resistance and includes test specimen drawings as well as a glossary of terms. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-803-8, follow this link.
Book chapters on the topic "Log book variables"
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Hernandez, Ariel Macaspac. "Lessons for Practice: Reflexivity and Stakeholder Engagement for Transformations Towards Sustainability." In Taming the Big Green Elephant, 289–345. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31821-5_14.
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AbstractThis chapter intends to present a practical approach to strategically facilitating sustainable, low-carbon transformation. The recommendations that can be made are presented while using a Weberian understanding (Verstehen) of various variables and dynamics that has been crystalized through this book’s theoretical foundation (chapters 2 to 6), methodological tools (chapters 7 and 8), case studies (chapters 9 to 12), simulation game (part of chapter 12), and the theoretical claims through the conceptual framework (chapter 13). A major contribution of this book is a set of recommendations that aim to support an inquiry-based, reflective, collaborative, and integrative facilitation of the transformation process.
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Camacho Olmedo, María Teresa, Jean-François Mas, and Martin Paegelow. "Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model." In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 189–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_10.
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AbstractIn Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) modelling, soft maps are often produced to express the propensity of an area to land use change. These maps are generally prepared in raster format, and have values of between 0 and 1, indicating the propensity of each pixel to change. In the literature, they are referred to as suitability, change potential or change probability maps. These maps are sometimes considered as the final product of a model (e.g. map of deforestation risk), but they can also serve as intermediate products that simulate the changes from which a hard-simulated land use/cover map can later be prepared using, for example, a cellular automaton. In both cases, it is essential to evaluate the soft map’s ability to identify the areas that are most susceptible to change. One way of assessing this ability is to compare the spatial coincidence between the real changes observed on the ground and the values estimated by the soft map. One would expect real change areas to coincide with high change potential values (near 1) and real no-change areas with low change potential values (near 0). This comparison can be made using various statistical approaches including Correlation Coefficient (Sect. 1), the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) (Sect. 2) and the Difference in Potential (DiP) (Sect. 3). Other measures, such as total uncertainty, quantity uncertainty and allocation uncertainty (Sect. 4), are used exclusively in the analysis of soft maps. In this chapter, we describe the fundamental steps involved in these four statistical approaches to validating the soft maps produced by a model. The four sections are illustrated with specific cases: to validate soft maps produced by the model, to validate soft maps produced by the model against a reference map and to validate soft maps produced by various models against a reference map. We use the Ariège database to validate the different soft maps (change potential and suitability maps) produced by the model by comparing them with real land use maps of the Ariège Valley for two dates (CORINE 2012 and 2018). All these validation techniques are carried out using raster data. As commented earlier, the soft maps produced by the model are continuous, ranked variables. We designed exercises using this original format. In other chapters of this book, the soft maps produced by the model are validated after reclassification of the original maps.
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Osagie Adenomon, Monday, and Felicia Oshuwalle Madu. "Comparison of the Out-of-Sample Forecast for Inflation Rates in Nigeria using ARIMA and ARIMAX Models." In Time Series Analysis - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107979.
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This book chapter compares the out-of-sample forecast for inflation rates in Nigeria using ARIMAX and ARIMA models. To achieve this, Annual Data on Exchange Rate, Inflation Rate, Interest Rate and Unemployment Rate from 1981 to 2017 was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The analysis used data from 1981 to 2010 while 2011 to 2017 was used to valid the forecast from the ARIMA and ARIMAX models. The preliminary analysis revealed that natural log transform of inflation rate is normally distributed and stationary at first difference while Exchange Rate, Inflation Rate, Interest Rate and Unemployment Rate were used as exogenous variables in the ARIMAX models. The following models ARIMA(1,1,0), ARIMA(1,1,1), ARIMA(0,1,1), ARIMAX(1,1,0), ARIMAX(1,1,1) and ARIMAX(0,1,1) were compared for both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. Using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as selection criteria, ARIMAX(0,1,1) with RMSE of 0.6810 emerged as superior model for the in-sample forecast for forecasting inflation rate in Nigeria while ARIMA(1,1,1) emerged as a superior model for the out-of-sample forecast for inflation rate in Nigeria and its forecast for inflation revealed a negative growth in inflation in Nigeria. This study therefore recommended ARIMA(1,1,1) model be used for out-of-sample forecast for inflation rate in Nigeria.
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Stillwell, John, and Kirk Harland. "Analysing Interaction Data." In Technologies for Migration and Commuting Analysis, 69–88. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-755-8.ch004.
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Large and complex interaction data sets present researchers with analytical challenges and this chapter attempts to identify and illustrate a number of ways to analyse origin-destination flows. Given the impossible task of providing a comprehensive review in such a limited space, certain analytical measures, modelling methods and visualisation techniques have been selected for inclusion, following an introduction to the notation commonly employed to represent interaction variables. Various Census and NHS patient register data sets are used to exemplify interaction measures, beginning with simple net balances and inflow/outflow ratios and moving onto indices of connectivity, inequality and distance moved. The multiplicative component framework is introduced as a particularly useful analytical approach. More sophisticated methods of modelling interaction data using statistical or mathematical calibration techniques are reviewed, examples of log-linear regression and spatial interaction model structure are highlighted in the context of historical calibration and a brief discussion of the use models for future projection is included. Maps that show patterns of geographical movement function as effective illustrative and research tools. Computerized mapping of geographical movement has evolved since the 1970s and 1980s and, in this chapter, we introduce a new method of mapping flows using vectors and illustrate this approach with micro data on pupils travelling to school. The chapter aims to provide a broad introduction to analysis methods for interaction data, many of which are subsequently applied in later chapters of the book.
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Amorim, Manuela, Diana Tavares, Maria Céu Lamas, Sandra Mota, and Ana Salgado. "Students’ Perception of Self-efficacy and Academic Engagement in School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto: an Observational Study." In ATHENA Research Book, Volume 1, 137–57. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.3.2022.9.
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The intense increase in students in Higher Education, observed in recent decades, has promoted profound changes quantitative and qualitative in demand, frequency, and student profile. In the context of these changes, we conducted a study to evaluate the self-efficacy and academic engagement of students using an online questionnaire. It includes some sociodemographic variables and the Self-Efficacy Scale in Higher Education (AEFS) and University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI). It was possible to verify that students had a score for academic engagement above the average, revealing an overall high level of academic engagement, an indicator of student success. Regarding self-efficacy, the score obtained is above 4 (on a scale of 1 to 5), close to 5, in social interaction, which indicates that these students overall have relatively robust self-efficacy beliefs. In all cases, the low values of standard deviation reveal a good degree of agreement between responses.
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Eiran, Ehud. "The Moroccan Settlement Project in Western Sahara (1975–) and the Indonesian Settlement Project in East Timor (1975–99)." In Post-Colonial Settlement Strategy, 85–129. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474437578.003.0004.
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The chapter investigates the Moroccan settlement project in the Western Sahara and the Indonesian settlement project in East-Timor (1975-1999). It uses the framework advanced in the book and shows that both projects were meant to secure permeant territorial expansion into occupied regions. Following the model, the chapter analyses the four variables that led to the launch of the settlement projects: Legally plausible case for expansion, American support, institutional capacity and a low level of local affinity to the occupying states. The section dealing with each case includes four parts: the why and how of occupation and expansion, the evolution of the settlement projects, the four variables that led to the projects, and then how these variables interacted to produce a settlement project. The chapter is concluded with some observations about the comparison between the two cases.
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Vercruysse, Davy. "The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Masculinity, and Femininity on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students." In Masculinity Studies - An Interdisciplinary Approach [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102046.
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In the last decade, a lot of studies have focused on the effects of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of students. However, various conclusions are seen in previous literature regarding the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students. In a lot of papers regarding the relation between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions and behavior, the variable sex (being male or female) is a control variable or studied as moderator. Since sex is not always seen as a sufficient moderator, some researchers split the total test group into two subgroups, based on the gender role orientation of people (masculinity and femininity) rather than the sex differences, although research in this area is quite scarce. This book chapter tackles this research gap and examines the effects of entrepreneurship education on student’s entrepreneurial intention, when emphasizing not only on sex but also on masculinity and femininity. Two different empirical studies are integrated. The first study demonstrates that male students have higher entrepreneurial intention compared with female students, and people with high masculinity also score higher in entrepreneurial intention, compared with people with low masculinity. The second study reveals that an elective, lecture-based course especially suited the students with high masculinity.
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Poast, Paul. "Negotiations and the Future of Alliance Studies." In Arguing about Alliances, 169–80. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740244.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter summarizes the book's main claims and empirical findings, discussing the implications of these findings as well as directions for future research. At their heart, alliance treaties are about using military force. As such, war planning can be conceptualized as the core of alliance treaty negotiations. Equipped with this premise, the book argued that the key variable determining whether conditions are conducive to agreement is the compatibility of the participants' ideal war plans. These plans must be both operationally and strategically compatible. When war plan compatibility is low, the second key explanatory variable comes into play: the number of negotiation participants that have attractive outside options. The chapter then highlights how the arguments and evidence in the book indicate new research directions in four areas related to alliances: alliance treaty design, alliance reliability, NATO expansion, and the formation of defense cooperation agreements.
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Brodbeck, Simon. "The Yuga Cycle in the Mahābhārata." In Divine Descent and the Four World-Ages in the Mahābhārata – or, Why Does the Kṛṣṇa Avatāra Inaugurate the Worst Yuga?, 13–46. Cardiff University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18573/book9.b.
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Chapter 2 initiates discussion of the cycle of four yugas. The Manusmṛti passage on this topic is presented and discussed, as are the various Mahābhārata passages. Chapter 2 is a long chapter because the yuga cycle is peculiar in various ways, and resists easy conceptualisation. One section discusses the fact that many parameters – notably lifespan, goodness (dharmicness), and length of yuga – are part of one complex variable, which is shifted down through levels and up again. One section differentiates this sawtooth cycle of levels (from 4, to 3, to 2, to 1, then right back up to 4 again) from the smooth sine-wave alternations within the diurnal, lunar, and annual cycles. A final section differentiates the Mahābhārata’s (and the Manusmṛti’s) yuga scheme from the longer yuga scheme found in various Purāṇas.
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Günaydin, A. Doruk. "Predicting Equity Returns in Developed Markets." In Recent Applications of Financial Risk Modelling and Portfolio Management, 68–90. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5083-0.ch004.
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This chapter examines the relation between various firm-specific variables and the cross-section of equity returns in 26 developed countries. Univariate portfolio analyses using equal-weighted returns show that low beta, book-to-market equity, and momentum analysis are also priced in the cross-section of developed market returns, whereas short-term reversal and downside beta manifest themselves in the opposite direction. Univariate portfolio analysis based on value-weighted returns reveal that the predictive power of book-to-market equity and short-term reversal is driven by small stocks. Multivariate firm-level cross-sectional regression analysis document that momentum, short-term reversal, illiquidity, idiosyncratic volatility, hybrid tail risk, lower partial moment are related to expected stock returns. Overall, the most robust cross-sectional predictor in developed market is found to be return momentum.
Conference papers on the topic "Log book variables"
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Schabek, Tomasz, and Nijolė Maknickienė. "INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON STOCK PRICES IN POLAND – CROSS SECTION AND TIME SERIES ANALYSIS." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.54.
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The purpose of the study is to determine if the macroeconomic factors influence rates of returns from broad index of stocks in Poland. The study investigates stability of relation between macroeconomic and stock market variables in short and long time period. After running time series regressions we check if selected macro variables are still significant in cross-section of stock returns including control variables like price to book value, capitalization and momentum. The study is based on large sample of individual rates of returns and macroeconomic variables describing real sphere of the economy. Mine findings suggest that the short and long term relation is statistically and economically significant although not stable in the both analysed time horizons. Macroeconomic beta parameter (sensitivity to macro variables measure) is not significant in cross-sectional test proving that traditionally accepted variables (in our study only price to book-value and momentum) still better explain the expected re-turns.
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Setiyawan, Arbi, Ni Lessari, and Hanik Devia. "Growing bigger and more accurate with GSBPM (part three)." In Decision Making Based on Data. International Association for Statistical Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.19503.
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Very different from other countries with only one language, Indonesia has more than three hundred local languages having more than seven hundred dialects. Currently all descriptions census and survey variables in questionnaire, data entry program, metadata, and interviewer guide book are available only in single national language. An interviewer may not be able to accurately translate variable descriptions from single national language to local languages and further to a particular dialect. This condition leads to misinterpretation and low accuracy in collected variables. We propose consolidation among local languages to produce official statistics variables at National Statistics College in the context of statistical education. Consolidation will produce multilingual official statistics equipment mentioned above. Every year there are several hundred new students at National Statistics College from almost every leading local language. These are untapped resources and are ready for this purpose. Data accuracy may be improved with multilingual descriptions variable. It will encourage a lot of information about a variable as much as local language but it will make data more accurate. There will be no biased variable because it has been explained in the local language. Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM) provides structured approach to arrive at more accurate data. A personal computer owned by every student offers far more ease and flexibility for review, validate, edit GSBPM sub-process during education. The academic campus has long standardized software to help for this purpose.
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Heidari, Hassan, and Narmin Davoudi. "Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Iran: An Application of Bounds Test Approach to Cointegration." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00172.
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This paper examines the long-run relationship between exports, imports and economic growth in Iranian economy using annual data over the period of 1960-2007. As Iran is an oil-exporting country, and oil-export boom has a direct impact on the import demand function, and it leads to higher levels of consumption that impact on growth, we emphasize the role of the imports variable in this investigation. Moreover, following recent studies about importance of human capital in endogenous growth models, we extend Feder's model (1982) by entering a proxy for human capital. As Iranian economy has been subject to numerous shocks and regime shifts, we apply Bai and Perron (2003) test to detect any possible endogenous structural breaks. Hence, investigating data properties by concerning structural breaks shows that our variables are not in the same order of integration. This property convince us to use Bounds Test approach to cointegration developed by pesaran et, al. (2001) where it can be applied irrespective of order of integration of the variables. Finally, being sure about existence a long-run relationship between variables, ARDL approach and ECM employed to argue about short-run and long-run coefficient. The results reveal that while there is significant positive relationship between exports and economic growth, the effect of imports is insignificant and also human capital has a negative effect on growth both in short and long run.
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Berghauser Pont, Meta, Gianna Stavroulaki, Lars Marcus, Kailun Sun, Ehsan Abshirini, and Jesper Olsson. "Quantitative comparison of the distribution of densities in three Swedish cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5317.
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Typologies play a role in urban studies since a long time, but definitions are often rather abstract, ill-defined and at worst end in fixed stereotypes hiding underlying spatial complexity. Traditional typologies are focussing on separate elements, which allow for understanding crucial differences of one spatial feature in greater detail, but lack the capacity to capture the interrelation between elements. Further, they often focus on one scale level and therefore lack to acknowledge for interscalarity. Recent publications define morphological typologies based on quantitative variables, building on the seminal book ´Urban Space and Structures´ by Martin and March, published in 1972, but using more advanced spatial analysis and statistics. These approaches contribute to the discussion of types in two ways: firstly, they define types in a precise and repeatable manner allowing for city-scale comparisons; secondly, they acknowledge cross-scale dynamics important for e.g. living qualities and economic processes where not only the local conditions are important, but also the qualities in proximity. This paper focuses on the comparison of building types in three Swedish cities, using the multi-variable and multi-scalar density definition. A statistical clustering method is used to classify cases according to their measured similarity across the scales. The results show that working with types is a fruitful way to reveal the individual identity of these types, compare cities and highlight some differences in the way the three cities are structured.
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Lemmens, Karel, Marc Aertsens, Véra Pirlet, Hélène Serra, Elie Valcke, Pierre De Cannière, and Pierre Van Iseghem. "Measurement of Glass Corrosion in Boom Clay Disposal Conditions." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1286.
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Abstract To estimate the life-time of vitrified high level waste (HLW-glass) in geological disposal conditions in Boom Clay, the dissolution behaviour of waste glass has been studied in experiments in surface laboratories and in the HADES underground research facility of SCK•CEN since the 1980’s. The programme consists mainly of dissolution tests. The purpose of these tests is to understand the basic glass dissolution mechanisms, and to demonstrate realistic long-term dissolution rates. The main experimental variables are glass composition, environmental materials, temperature, and test duration. The studied glasses are the COGEMA glass R7T7, and the PAMELA glasses with SM539, SM527 and SM513 glass frit. The environmental materials comprise Boom Clay, metallic corrosion products and engineered barrier materials. Dissolution tests have been performed at temperatures from 40 to 190°C, for test durations from days to several years. The tests are performed with inactive glasses, which can be doped with radionuclides of interest. Because of the importance of silica sorption by the environmental materials, the dissolution test programme was extended with silica diffusion- and sorption tests in Boom Clay and FoCa clay. The interpretation of the experimental results is supported by geochemical and kinetic modeling. In the area of kinetic modeling, both analytical and Monte Carlo codes are applied. The dissolution tests have demonstrated that, although the presence of Boom Clay initially increases the glass dissolution rate, the long-term dissolution rate decreases for diluted clay / clay water slurries. This decrease has not yet been demonstrated for the R7T7 glass in compact Boom Clay, but is expected to occur here also on the long term. The dissolution rate decreases faster after sufficient addition of glass powder to the medium. This was tested in experiments with the R7T7 glass at relatively high clay concentration (2000 g of humid Boom Clay per liter clay water, this is about half the solid/liquid ratio of compact Boom Clay), at 40 and 90°C. Linear interpolation of the long-term mass losses resulted in dissolution rates of ∼ 0.01 g.m−2.day−1. The statistical uncertainties on the dissolution test results did not allow to demonstrate smaller rates. The minimum statistically significant dissolution rate depends on the test conditions. Therefore, the present SCK•CEN programme includes dissolution tests at long-term near-field conditions (this is at 30°C, with compact Boom Clay and FoCa clay), which are considered more representee for the long-term situation. In view of the uncertainties on the experimental long-term dissolution rates and on the long-term dissolution mechanisms, rates smaller than 0.01 g.m−2.day1 (about 1 μ/year) should not be used as best estimate in the present performance assessment studies for disposal in Boom Clay. A constant dissolution rate of 0.01 g.m−2.day−1 would correspond to a dissolution time for a R7T7 glass package of approximately 150 000 years. The minimum dissolution time is of the order of 104 years.
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Harper, William V., David J. Stucki, Thomas A. Bubenik, Clifford J. Maier, David A. R. Shanks, and Neil A. Bates. "Improved Comparison of ILI Data and Field Excavations." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90440.
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The importance of comparing in-line inspection (ILI) calls to excavation data should not be underestimated. Neither should it be undertaken without a solid understanding of the methodologies being employed. Such a comparison is not only a key part of assessing how well the tool performed, but also for an API 1163 evaluation and any subsequent use of the ILI data. The development of unity (1-1) plots and the associated regression analysis are commonly used to provide the basis for predicting the likelihood of leaks or failures from unexcavated ILI calls. Combining such analysis with statistically active corrosion methods into perhaps a probability of exceedance (POE) study helps develop an integrity maintenance plan for the years ahead. The theoretical underpinnings of standard regression analysis are based on the assumption that the independent variable (often thought of as x) is measured without error as a design variable. The dependent variable (often labeled y) is modeled as having uncertainty or error. Pipeline companies may run their regressions differently, but ILI to field excavation regressions often use the ILI depth as the x variable and field depth as the y variable. This is especially the case in which a probability of exceedance analysis is desired involving transforming ILI calls to predicted depths for a comparison to a threshold of interest such as 80% wall thickness. However, in ILI to field depth regressions, both the measured depths can have error. Thus, the underlying least squares regression assumptions are violated. Often one common result is a regression line that has a slope much less than the ideal 1-1 relationship. Reduced Major Axis (RMA) Regression is specifically formulated to handle errors in both the x and y variables. It is not commonly found in the standard literature but has a long pedigree including the 1995 text book Biometry by Sokal and Rohlf in which it appears under the title of Model II regression. In this paper we demonstrate the potential improvements brought about by RMA regression. Building on a solid comparison between ILI data and excavations provides the foundation for more accurate predictions and management plans that reliably provide longer range planning. This may also result in cost savings as the time between ILI runs might be lengthened due to a better analysis of such important data.
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Balcılar, Mehmet, Harun Bal, Neşe Algan, and Mehmet Demiral. "Turkey’s Export Performance: Examining the Main Determinants of Export Volume (1995-2012)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00774.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the short and the long run relationships between export performance proxied by export volume index and real effective exchange rate changes in Turkey using the aggregated quarterly data sets covering the period of 1995-2012. The other factors that are expected to affect export performance such as wage, foreign income, productivity, trend GDP and exchange rate volatility are also added to the model. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is performed in the estimation process. The causalities among the variables in the model are determined based on the estimated ARDL models. The empirical results reveal that the variables of interest are cointegrated. Real effective exchange rate coefficient is significantly positive in the short run whereas negative in the long run and exchange rate volatility has no significant effect on export performance in contrast with theoretical expectations. Other evidences indicate that the recent export boom in Turkey can be explained by wages, productivity and world demand, rather than exchange rate changes. Consequently, findings suggest that policies that depressing wages and stimulating high productivity can help export sectors increase their export volume and competitiveness in Turkey.
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Harry Watson, Harry Watson. "Range Capability as a Significant Variable in Light Duty EVs Life Cycle CO2." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-epv-040.
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"It was recognised by ‘The Club of Rome’ in 1948 that the earth’s resources were limited and by 1971 in the book ‘Fundamentals of Exhaust Emissions’ I concluded that we should also have concern for CO2 levels in the air and consequent global warming caused by transport emissions. So what is the optimum strategy for minimizing energy use and emissions, recognizing that the car is the prime source of personal space for mobility, and that many governments support a focus as EVs as the solution for the future? To demonstrate how range capability has a significant influence on the optimum life for two classes of EVs and to identify the inter relationship with vehicle life. From this to forecast the optimum service life (before scrapping including recycling) against a back drop of steadily improving EV and battery manufacturing energy and efficiency, Using the best available energy production and usage data, life cycle analysis (more than ‘well-to-wheel’ as the energy content and manufacture of consumables and recycling/reuse is included) is performed for electric vehicles accounting for the change in vehicle use with age in vehicle fleets, in which new vehicles replace older, scrapped ones in the market with improvements in energy efficiency (and CO2 emissions). Depending on the vehicle size and configuration, the optimum vehicle life ranges from 17 years to more than thirty. The greater the installed battery kWh and hence range capability the longer is the optimum service life. As the energy efficiency trend for new vehicles entering the market reduces, as it must according to the law of diminishing returns, vehicles need to remain in use for longer to amortize the embedded energy in manufacturing which will also continue to improve. The analysis is only as reliable as the data. However the sensitivity analysis allows the results to remain useful as the user can adjust the scenario according to updated information. Moreover sensitivity analysis allows the reader to apply the results for regional variables such as the proportion of renewable energy in electricity generation and as a consequence of EVs reduced annual travel compared with conventional and hybrid light duty vehicles.. The application of the most recent input data is also novel. Finally, the author is not aware of analyses of this type that recognise reducing annual travel as vehicles age, rather constant km of travel per year has previously been assumed throughout the vehicle life. On the basis of the median results from the projections, short to moderate range EVs offer the path to minimizing CO2 emissions which conflicts with the general consumer desire for reduced ‘range anxiety’ and thus frequency of recharging. EVs life cycle emissions will be considerably worse than those from hybrid vehicles which use the least long term (several model change overs) energy and produce correspondingly low CO2. The sensitivity analysis allows for conclusions to be drawn about many alternative scenarios."