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Journal articles on the topic 'Locust nutrition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Kietzka, Gabriella J., Michel Lecoq, and Michael J. Samways. "Ecological and Human Diet Value of Locusts in a Changing World." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091856.

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Since ancient times, locusts have been serious pests wreaking havoc on settled agriculture throughout much of the world. Numerous locust practices have been developed to control infestations. This has led to most commentaries portraying locust infestations only in a negative light while focusing on finding best management practices for suppressing locust populations and lessening crop damage caused by swarms. Yet, locusts are also of great ecological significance in being not only an extraordinary natural phenomenon but also major components of ecosystem nutrient cycling, arising long before settled agriculture. Furthermore, for humans, locusts are a nutritious food source, historically and currently being consumed directly. Locust control today should more regularly include their harvesting. This is now more feasible, as environmentally friendly biopesticides can be used to replace harmful organic pesticides. We focus here on the ecological significance of locusts by using calculations based on a 1 km2 area of swarming and breeding Desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, and show that the huge biomass of locust individuals contributes greatly to ecosystem processes while also having great potential use in human nutrition, especially where there is an urgent need for improved dietary intake and nutrition.
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2

Zudaire, E., S. J. Simpson, and L. M. Montuenga. "Effects of food nutrient content, insect age and stage in the feeding cycle on the FMRFamide immunoreactivity of diffuse endocrine cells in the locust gut." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 21 (November 1, 1998): 2971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.21.2971.

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We have studied the influence of variations in dietary protein and digestible carbohydrate content, of insect age and of time during the feeding cycle on the endocrine cells of the ampullar region of the midgut in the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria L. Morphometric analysis of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity was used as an indirect measure of the amount of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) stored in the gut endocrine cells. There was a highly significant correlation between FaRP content and the nutritional quality of the food, measured relative to the concentrations and ratio of protein to digestible carbohydrate in a nutritionally optimal diet. The direction of the relationship between FaRP content and diet quality varied with age during the fifth stadium. On day 1, FaRP levels increased with the nutritional quality of the food, while on day 4 the opposite relationship was observed. Release of peptide was triggered by the onset of a meal during ad libitum feeding, with cell FaRP levels returning to premeal values within 15 min of the meal ending. The results also suggested that cell contents were released during food deprivation beyond the normal intermeal interval. Locusts switched for a single meal during ad libitum feeding on day 4 from a low- to a high-carbohydrate food did not respond by reducing endocrine cell FaRP content. Our results show a relationship between the diffuse gut endocrine system and feeding and nutrition in locusts. The ampullar endocrine cells are in three-way contact with the midgut luminal contents, with the primary urine from the Malpighian tubules and with the haemolymph. They are thus ideally positioned to play an integrative receptor-secretory function in the regulation of a variety of post-ingestive processes, such as enzyme secretion, absorption, gut motility or nutrient metabolism.
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3

Deng, Jian, Sha Wang, Chengjie Ren, Wei Zhang, Fazhu Zhao, Xianfang Li, Dan Zhang, Xinhui Han, and Gaihe Yang. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus Resorption in Relation to Nutrition Limitation along the Chronosequence of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Plantation." Forests 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030261.

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Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption is an important strategy to conserve N and P in the face of nutrient limitation. However, little is known about the variation of N and P resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) and their correlation with leaves and soil C:N:P stoichiometry in black locust forests (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) of different ages. In this study, we measured C, N, and P concentrations in soil, green leaves, and senesced leaves from black locust forests of different ages (i.e, 10-, 20-, 30-, 36-, and 45-year-old), and calculated the NRE, PRE, and C:N:P stoichiometry ratios. The NRE and PRE tended to increase and then decrease with stand age, ranging from 46.8% to 57.4% and from 37.4% to 58.5%, with averages of 52.61 and 51.89, respectively. The PRE:NRE decreased with increased stand ages. The C:P and N:P of soil and green leaves increased with stand ages, indicating the increase of P limitation. In the senesced leaves, C:P and N:P were lower than in green leaves and first increased and then decreased with stand age. The PRE was significantly negatively correlated with the C:P and N:P of soil and green leaves. The NRE was significantly correlated with the C concentration of green leaves, P of the senesced leaves, and C:N. Results suggested that the NRE and PRE responded differently to soil and plant nutrients in black locust forests of different ages. In addition, the black locust plantations would alter the conservation and use strategy of nutrients in the ecosystem through a plant-mediated pathway. Future studies should elucidate the central nutrient utilization strategy of black locust in response to a nutrient-poor environment and determine how it is involved in regulating nutrient resorption.
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4

Ntayombya, P., and A. M. Gordon. "Effects of black locust on productivity and nitrogen nutrition of intercropped barley." Agroforestry Systems 29, no. 3 (March 1995): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00704871.

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5

Tee, T. N., J. A. Ogwuche, and E. T. Ikyaagba. "The Role of Locust Bean and Ironwood Trees in Human Nutrition and Income in Nigeria." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8, no. 8 (July 15, 2009): 1172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.1172.1177.

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6

Garcia-Ochoa, F., and J. A. Casas. "Viscosity of locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum solutions." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 59, no. 1 (1992): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740590114.

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7

El Hassan, Nafisa M., Sara Y. Hamed, Amro B. Hassan, Mohamed M. Eltayeb, and Elfadil E. Babiker. "Nutritional Evaluation and Physiochemical Properties of Boiled and Fried Tree Locust." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2008): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.325.329.

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8

Ombódi, Attila, Andrea Csorbai Gógán, Balázs Papp, and Katalin Posta. "Effects of fertilisation on development and nutrient uptake of black locust saplings grown in pots." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2020.7.2.43.

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Currently, black locust is the most important tree species in Hungary with significant economic value. Intensification of its cultivation and the improvement of the timber quality should include the use of highly productive clones and reasonable fertilization. Nutrition management should be based on reliable data from exact experiments. In our trial, nutrition intake of Turbo Obelisk OBE01 clone saplings was examined during a four-month period. Osmocote Pro (18:9:10 + 2Mg) was used as fertilizer at a dose of 2.5 and 5 kg m-3 mixed to a peat-based substrate. At the end of the growing period, saplings reached a height of 260-280 cm and a stem diameter of 16-18 mm. Nutrient intake order was found to be the following: Ca (3.3-4.2 g) > N (3.1-3.6 g) > K (2.1-2.9 g) > Mg (0.35-0.5 g) = P (0.3-0.5 g). Based on our results, a lower N:P and N:K rate fertilizer is recommended, especially if a non-peat based substrate and longer growing period is planned with a higher rate of nitrogen fixation. Considering nitrogen resource, a dose of 5 kg m-3 was proved to be less effective than a concentration of 2.5 kg m-3. However, the higher concentration of phosphorous, potassium and magnesium were well-utilized by the plants.
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9

Feldman, Nira, Clara Norenberg, Hillary Voet, Ester Manor, Yishal Berner, and Zecharia Madar. "Enrichment of an Israeli ethnic food with fibres and their effects on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." British Journal of Nutrition 74, no. 5 (November 1995): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950171.

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The effects of various sources of dietary fibre on the high glycaemic index of an Israeli ethnic food, melawach, were investigated in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Locust-bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum significantly decreased the glucose response to, and glycaemic index of, melawach in these diabetic subjects (P < 0·05). It also tended to decrease their insulinaemic response and insulinaemic index, but differences were not significant. Dietary fibre from lupin (Lupinus albus) and insoluble maize-cob fibre did not affect glucose and insulin levels in NIDDM volunteers. Subjects with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 exhibited similar glucose, but not insulin, responses to fibre. Locust-bean gum had no significant effect on glycaemic response in NIDDM subjects with a BMI > 30 kg/m2, whereas insulinaemic response decreased. The results indicate that foods containing the same nutrients in almost the same amounts, but differing in added dietary fibre, lead to different physiological responses in diabetic subjects. Furthermore, insulin response should be considered when fibre is incorporated into the diabetic's diet.
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10

Casas, J. A., and F. Garc�a-Ochoa. "Viscosity of solutions of xanthan/locust bean gum mixtures." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, no. 1 (January 1999): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199901)79:1<25::aid-jsfa164>3.0.co;2-d.

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11

Du, Baoguo, Junzhu Pang, Bin Hu, Diane E. Allen, Tina L. Bell, Sebastian Pfautsch, Florian Netzer, Michael Dannenmann, Shuoxin Zhang, and Heinz Rennenberg. "N2-fixing black locust intercropping improves ecosystem nutrition at the vulnerable semi-arid Loess Plateau region, China." Science of The Total Environment 688 (October 2019): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.245.

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12

Horigome, T., R. Kumar, and K. Okamoto. "Effects of condensed tannins prepared from leaves of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats." British Journal of Nutrition 60, no. 2 (September 1988): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880099.

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1. Of the nineteen plants screened, six were found to contain large quantities of condensed tannins. Black locust (Robinia pseudo-Acacia), bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), wistaria (Wistaria floribunda) and Japanese knotgrass (Reynoutria japonica) were used for the present experiment. Tannins of the investigated plants were fractionated into three or four molecular forms, according to the degree of polymerization, by chromatography on a column of Sephadex LH-20.2. The protein-precipitating capacity of the fractionated tannins increased with the increase in degree of polymerization. The inhibitory effect of tannins on trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activities in vitro also increased with the increase in degree of polymerization. The digestion of tannin-bovine serum albumin complex by trypsin was related to the degree of polymerization of tannins complexed.3. Inclusion of black locust tannins in the diet (10 g/kg) depressed the activities of trypsin and α-amylase in the upper, middle and lower parts of the intestine of the rats, but the lipase activity was increased in the middle part and remained unaffected in the upper and lower parts. It is presumed that the tannins have little affinity for lipase.4. Digestion trials, when the microflora level of the alimentary canal of rats was reduced by dietary antibiotic treatment, revealed that the inclusion of tannins in the diet (20 g/kg) depressed the digestibilities of proximate constituents, except crude fat, and increased faecal bile acid excretion.
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13

Esenwah, Christiana N., and Marcel J. Ikenebomeh. "Processing Effects on the Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Contents of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa Benth.) Seed." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2008): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.214.217.

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14

Elliott, Deanna B., Jacob P. Youngblood, Michael J. Angilletta, and Arianne J. Cease. "Effects of Temperature and Nutrition on Growth Efficiency of the South American Locust ( Schistocerca cancellata ) During the Sixth Instar." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04776.

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15

Boutekrabt, F., and G. Pizelle. "Influence of the form of nitrogen nutrition on foliar nitrate reductase activity in young black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.)." Annales des Sciences Forestières 46, Supplement (1989): 782s—785s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:198905art0174.

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16

Jo, Wonjun, and Byoungseung Yoo. "Effects of Cellulose Gums on Rheological Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Xanthan Gum and Locust Bean Gum." Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2018.23.3.269.

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17

Damásio, M. H., E. Costell, L. Izquierdo, and L. Durán. "Influence of composition on non-oral texture of kappa-carrageenan—locust bean gum—guar gum mixed gels." Food Quality and Preference 5, no. 3 (January 1994): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-3293(94)90035-3.

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18

Coggan, Nicole, Fiona J. Clissold, and Stephen J. Simpson. "Locusts use dynamic thermoregulatory behaviour to optimize nutritional outcomes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1719 (February 2, 2011): 2745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2675.

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Because key nutritional processes differ in their thermal optima, ectotherms may use temperature selection to optimize performance in changing nutritional environments. Such behaviour would be especially advantageous to small terrestrial animals, which have low thermal inertia and often have access to a wide range of environmental temperatures over small distances. Using the locust, Locusta migratoria , we have demonstrated a direct link between nutritional state and thermoregulatory behaviour. When faced with chronic restrictions to the supply of nutrients, locusts selected increasingly lower temperatures within a gradient, thereby maximizing nutrient use efficiency at the cost of slower growth. Over the shorter term, when locusts were unable to find a meal in the normal course of ad libitum feeding, they immediately adjusted their thermoregulatory behaviour, selecting a lower temperature at which assimilation efficiency was maximal. Thus, locusts use fine scale patterns of movement and temperature selection to adjust for reduced nutrient supply and thereby ameliorate associated life-history consequences.
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19

Olaniran, Abiola Folakemi, Clinton Emeka Okonkwo, Oluwakemi Christianah Erinle, Akinyomade Oladipo Owolabi, John Olusegun Ojediran, and Tajudeen Adeniyi Olayanju. "Optimum Boiling Duration and Its Effect on Nutritional Quality and Acceptability of Mechanically Dehulled Unfermented Locust Bean Seeds." Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2020.25.2.219.

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20

Damasio, Maria Helena, Elvira Costell, Luis Izquierdo, and Luis Duran. "Influence of composition on the sensory texture attributes of κ-carrageenan-locust bean gum-guar gum mixed gels." Food Quality and Preference 4, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-3293(93)90369-h.

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21

Ikenebomeh, Marcel J., Robert Kok, and Jordan M. Ingram. "Processing and fermentation of the african locust bean (Parkia filicoidea Welw.) to produce dawadawa." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37, no. 3 (March 1986): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740370312.

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22

Winther, A. M., and D. R. Nassel. "Intestinal peptides as circulating hormones: release of tachykinin-related peptide from the locust and cockroach midgut." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 1269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.7.1269.

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Tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) in the locust Locusta migratoria and the cockroach Leucophaea maderae have stimulatory effects on some muscles that are not innervated by TRP-containing neurons. Thus, these tissues may be affected by circulating TRPs. Here, we have investigated whether the midgut is the source of circulating TRPs. TRP-immunoreactive material in the locust midgut is found only in the endocrine cells of the gut epithelium. In both species of insect, the endocrine cells contain several isoforms of TRPs, as determined by immunocytochemistry and a combination of chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The release of TRPs was investigated by ELISA using isolated midguts of the locust and cockroach. Elevated levels of K(+) in the bathing saline induced the release of TRP from the midgut of both species. To examine the release of TRPs into the circulation in vivo, we measured haemolymph levels of TRPs in fed and starved locusts. The concentration of TRP-immunoreactive material in fed locusts was estimated to be 0.15 nmol l(−1), and this increased approximately fourfold in insects starved for 24 h. In accordance with this observation, the content of TRP-immunoreactive material in the midgut was lower in starved locusts than in fed locusts. Although part of the increased blood concentration of TRPs may be due to reduced blood volume, our data suggest that TRPs are released as hormones from the midgut of the locust and cockroach and that this release may be linked to nutritional status.
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23

Makanjuola, Olakunle Moses, and Adebola Ajayi. "Effect of Natural Fermentation on the Nutritive Value and Mineral Composition of African Locust Beans." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2012.11.13.

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24

Ijarotimi, Oluwole Steve, and Oluremi Olufunke Keshinro. "Protein quality, hematological properties and nutritional status of albino rats fed complementary foods with fermented popcorn, African locust bean, and bambara groundnut flour blends." Nutrition Research and Practice 6, no. 5 (2012): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2012.6.5.381.

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25

Ademola, I. T., R. A. Baiyewu, E. A. Adekunle, M. B. Omidiran, and F. G. Adebawo. "An Assessment into Physical and Proximate Analysis of Processed Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Preserved with Common Salt." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10, no. 5 (April 15, 2011): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2011.405.408.

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26

Ijarotimi, Steve, and Olufunke Keshinro. "Determination of Nutrient Composition and Protein Quality of Potential Complementary Foods Formulated from the Combination of Fermented Popcorn, African Locust and Bambara Groundnut Seed Flour." Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10222-012-0079-z.

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27

He, Z., M. Zhao, C. Y. Wang, L. Sun, Y. Y. Jiang, and Y. Feng. "Purine and uric acid contents of common edible insects in Southwest China." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 5, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2018.0023.

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Edible insects have recently been considered as a potential food source that may solve problems of malnutrition and starvation worldwide. However, studies exploring insects as food sources are mainly focused on entomophagy and nutrition rather than the potential risks of excessive metabolite contents, such as purine and uric acid. In this study, we analysed guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine and uric acid concentrations in 11 species of edible insects from Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in Southwest China, including 5 species of dragonfly, 3 species of wasp and a single species of locust, mealworm and silkworm. Purine and uric acid contents differed distinctly between these insects, and guanine and xanthine were the dominant purines in all samples. The proportions of 4 purines in the total purine content of these insects differed markedly from those in meat samples from poultry and livestock, and uric acid contents varied significantly between aquatic insects and terricolous insects, such as silkworm pupa. Taken together, the present data show that most edible insects are potent food sources of purine.
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28

Lazaridou, Athina, Costas G. Biliaderis, and Marta S. Izydorczyk. "Structural characteristics and rheological properties of locust bean galactomannans: a comparison of samples from different carob tree populations." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81, no. 1 (2000): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(20010101)81:1<68::aid-jsfa780>3.0.co;2-g.

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Cao, Hui, Qiang Luo, Huailing Wang, Zhigang Liu, Guoqiang Li, and Jie Liu. "Structural characterization of peptides fromLocusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen, 1835) and anti-aging effect inCaenorhabditis elegans." RSC Advances 9, no. 16 (2019): 9289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00089e.

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30

Józefiak, Damian, Agata Józefiak, Bartosz Kierończyk, Mateusz Rawski, Sylwester Świątkiewicz, Jakub Długosz, and Ricarda Margarete Engberg. "1. Insects – A Natural Nutrient Source for Poultry – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0010.

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Abstract The consumption of poultry meat and eggs is expected to increase considerably in the nearest future, which creates the demand for new poultry feed ingredients in order to support sustainable intensive production. Moreover, the constant improvement of the genetic potential of poultry has resulted in an increased nutrient density in poultry feeds, which limits the possibility to include low quality feed ingredients. Therefore, the feed industry needs new sources of highly digestible protein with a desirable amino acid composition to substitute other valuable but limited protein sources of animal origin, such as fishmeal. With estimated 1.5 to 3 million species, the class of insects harbours the largest species variety in the world including species providing a high protein and sulphur amino acids content, which can be successfully exploited as feed for poultry. The aim of this paper is to review the present state of knowledge concerning the use of insect protein in poultry nutrition and the possibilities of mass production of insects for the feed industry. There is no doubt that insects have an enormous potential as a source of nutrients (protein) and active substances (polyunsaturated fatty acids, antimicrobial peptides) for poultry. It can be concluded, based on many experimental results, that meals from insects being members of the orders Diptera (black soldier fly, housefly), Coleoptera (mealworms) and Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locust, crickets and katylids), may be successfully used as feed material in poultry diets. However, legislation barriers in the European Union, as well as relatively high costs and limited quantity of produced insects are restrictions in the large-scale use of insect meals in poultry nutrition.
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., Bridget O. Omafuvbe, Olumuyiwa S. Falade ., Bolanle A. Osuntogun ., and Steve R. A. Adewusi . "Chemical and Biochemical Changes in African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) and Melon (Citrullus vulgaris) Seeds During Fermentation to Condiments." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3, no. 3 (April 15, 2004): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2004.140.145.

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., A. S. Ekop. "Changes in Amino Acid Composition of African Yam Beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpas) and African Locust Beans (Parkia filicoida) on Cooking." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 5, no. 3 (April 15, 2006): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.254.256.

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33

Evans, A. J., R. L. Hood, D. G. Oakenfull, and G. S. Sidhu. "Relationship between structure and function of dietary fibre: a comparative study of the effects of three galactomannans on cholesterol metabolism in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 68, no. 1 (July 1992): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920079.

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Male adult rats were fed on diets containing 80 g/kg galactomannans with different galactose (G): mannose (M) ratios/kg. The galactomannans were compared with purified cellulose (Solkaflok) and the animals were also fed on a basal diet free from fibre. All diets contained cholesterol (10 g/kg) and sodium cholate (2 g/kg). The three galactomannans were fenugreek gum (1G:1M), guar gum (1G:2M) and locust-bean gum (1G:4M). In comparison with the fibre-free and Solkaflok diets, all three galactomannans lowered the concentrations of cholesterol in both liver and blood plasma. The galactomannans also decreased the rate of hepatic synthesis of cholesterol. Dietary galactomannans increased caecal volatile fatty acids, particularly propionic, increased the weight of the caecum and its contents and increased the amount of water in the faeces. The increase in propionic acid production was significantly related to a decrease in caecal pH, but not to changes in plasma cholesterol or hepatic cholesterol synthesis. These effects were significantly influenced by chemical composition and structure of the galactomannan; they were most evident when the proportion of galactose in the galactomannan was highest (i.e. fenugreek gum). The three galactomannans also differed markedly in their effects on the viscosity of the digesta, but the galactomannan which gave the highest viscosity was least effective in lowering plasma cholesterol. A separate experiment with perfused loops of small intestine in vivo showed that the most effective galactomannan, fenugreek gum, had no direct effect on cholesterol absorption.
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González-Ortiz, Gemma, José Francisco Pérez, Rafael Gustavo Hermes, Francesc Molist, Rufino Jiménez-Díaz, and Susana María Martín-Orúe. "Screening the ability of natural feed ingredients to interfere with the adherence of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88 to the porcine intestinal mucus." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 4 (September 19, 2013): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513003024.

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The inhibition of the attachment of bacteria to the intestine by receptor analogues could be a novel approach to prevent enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88-induced diarrhoea in piglets. The objective of the present study was to screen the ability of different feed ingredients (FI) to bind to ETEC K88 (adhesion test, AT) and to block its attachment to the porcine intestinal mucus (blocking test, BT) usingin vitromicrotitration-based models. In the AT, wheat bran (WB), casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) and exopolysaccharides exhibited the highest adhesion to ETEC K88 (P< 0·001). In the BT, WB, CGMP and locust bean (LB) reduced the number of ETEC K88 attached to the intestinal mucus (P< 0·001). For WB and LB, fractionation based on their carbohydrate components was subsequently carried out, and each fraction was evaluated individually. None of the WB fractions reduced the adhesion of ETEC K88 to the mucus as did the original extract, suggesting that a protein or glycoprotein could be involved in the recognition process. With regard to the LB fractions, the water-extractable material reduced the adhesion of ETEC K88 (P< 0·001) to the mucus similar to the original extract (P< 0·001), indicating, in this case, that galactomannans or phenolic compounds could be responsible for the recognition process. In conclusion, among the FI screened, the soluble extracts obtained from WB, LB and CGMP exhibited the highest anti-adhesive properties against ETEC K88 in the BT. These results suggest that they may be good candidates to be included in diets of weaned piglets for the prevention of ETEC K88-induced diarrhoea.
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Samejo, Ahmed Ali, Riffat Sultana, Santosh Kumar, and Samiullah Soomro. "Could Entomophagy Be an Effective Mitigation Measure in Desert Locust Management?" Agronomy 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030455.

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The desert locust has been a notorious pest since ancient times. A population upsurge hit Pakistan in 2019 and caused tremendous damage to agriculture and livelihoods. To take advantage of this ongoing upsurge, we conducted a field study to verify whether locust collection could be an interesting control method to protect crops in the event of an invasion, as well as an accepted food resource for poor rural communities. A village in the Thar desertic region was selected as a type-locality. An awareness campaign was launched to promote the collection and consumption of locusts as well as to alert people of their nutritional value. Two large swarms arrived near the village and several other swarms affected places nearby. Around 3033 kg of locusts were collected through handpicking at night. Most of the locusts were eaten and, as a result, hoppers of the next generation did not emerge in the type-locality; however, hopper bands appeared in areas where entomophagy was not practiced. The study area had less locust activity because swarms could not lay eggs due to entomophagy by the villagers. The consumption of desert locusts could be an effective practice to prevent malnutrition and protein deficiency and, to a certain extent, an efficient mitigation measure to help local populations to better protect themselves and their crops against locust outbreaks. Collection and consumption of locusts should be encouraged while remaining realistic about its real impact on locust control. This should also be done in concert with local authorities to take into account the risks to human health and to avoid the consumption of insects treated with pesticides.
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Röhle, Heinz, Lutz Böcker, Karl-Heinz Feger, Rainer Petzold, Heino Wolf, and Wael Ali. "Anlage und Ertragsaussichten von Kurzumtriebsplantagen in Ostdeutschland | Establishment and expected yield of short-term rotation plantations in Eastern Germany." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0133.

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Tree species with rapid early growth that can be propagated easily and that show good coppicing ability are the most suitable species for the establishment of short-term rotation plantations. Depending on the site conditions, central European species of the genera Populus L. and Salix L. are recommended. In conditions with a limited water supply, Robinia pseudoacacia L. is more suitable. The success of short-term rotation plantations depends on optimal site preparation and early spring planting of the cuttings/plants as important preconditions. Primarily, during the first year of the rotation cycle effective weed control, protection from browsing, and other management measures are needed. Due to the productive and fast growing poplar and willow species' requirements for high quality site conditions in respect to radiation, nutrients and soil water availability, former farmland with adequate to good nutrition availability and sufficient water supply is particularly suitable. During the vegetation period, precipitation should reach at least 300 mm; however, less precipitation can be compensated by capillary rise from groundwater into the rooting zone. Results from test plantations show that growth increments may reach 6 to 10 t/ha/yr (dry biomass) for willow and 6 t/ha/yr for locust on favorable sites. For poplar grown under dense stand conditions, annual growth increments may significantly exceed 10 t/ha/yr.
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Simon, László, Béla Szabó, György Vincze, Miklós Szabó, and József Koncz. "Impact of fertilization on the mineral nutrition and yield of Salix triandra x Salix viminalis and Robinia pseudoacacia L. bioenergy crops." Agrokémia és Talajtan 67, no. 1 (June 2018): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.8.

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Willow was cultivated as an energy crop in a field experiment. The brown forest soil was treated with an inorganic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate−AN: 100 kg ha-1) or with various organic or mineral soil amendments (municipal biocompost–MBC: 20 t ha−1; municipal sewage sludge compost–MSSC: 15 t ha−1; rhyolite tuff–RT: 30 t ha−1; willow ash−WA: 600 kg ha−1), or their combinations (AN+MBC; AN+RT; AN+WA, MSSC+WA) in four replications. Nineteen months after the soil treatments the macroelement-rich amendments (MBC, MSSC) enhanced the harvested fresh shoot yield most significantly (up to 41% as compared to the untreated control), and also the shoot diameter and shoot height of the willow plants. Most of the treatments enhanced the uptake of N (9.8-23.5%) and K in willow leaves, but the concentrations of P, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in the leaves were reduced. The toxic element (As, Cd, Pb) accumulation of willow shoots was negligible. In a 4-year field experiment the effects of the mineral fertilizers AN and AN+calcium-magnesium carbonate (CMC) were studied on the mineral nutrition of the leaves and wood yield of black locust trees cultivated as an energy crop. The brown forest soil was treated with 300 kg ha−1 annual doses of these fertilizers as top-dressing in June 2009, May 2010 and May 2011. Both fertilizers caused a three to four times increase in the nitrate content of the upper soil soon after their application in June. By the end of the vegetation period (in December) the nitrate concentration in the soil was similar to that in the control plots. The nitrogen content of the leaf stalks (petioles) and leaves, however, was only slightly higher in the treated plots. As a trend, fertilization increased the phosphorus and reduced the calcium uptake in the leaf stalks and leaves, while the magnesium content was not influenced. In March 2012, when the whole trees were harvested, 22% or 28% higher aboveground fresh shoot weight was detected in the AN or AN+CMC treatments than in the control.
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Mitchell, Susan E., G. Kathleen Newell, and Walter R. Schumm. "Dietary Quality and Family Environment." Psychological Reports 61, no. 3 (December 1987): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.3.791.

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The relationship between family environment, as measured by the Family Environment Scale, and maternal dietary quality was examined, with nutritional locus of control scales used as explanatory variables in an attempt to understand how dietary quality and family environment might be linked, as had been noted in previous research. Within a sample of 106 young, married mothers a series of canonical correlation analyses indicated no significant relationships between our measure of dietary quality and family environment or locus of control. However, interesting relationships were observed between family environment and locus of control, as well as with satisfaction with family nutrition and nutritional values, suggesting avenues for research on linkages between family social environment and health practices, including maintenance of dietary quality at adequate or better levels.
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Cease, Arianne J., Jon F. Harrison, Shuguang Hao, Danielle C. Niren, Guangming Zhang, Le Kang, and James J. Elser. "Nutritional imbalance suppresses migratory phenotypes of the Mongolian locust ( Oedaleus asiaticus )." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 6 (June 2017): 161039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.161039.

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For many species, migration evolves to allow organisms to access better resources. However, the proximate factors that trigger these developmental changes, and how and why these vary across species, remain poorly understood. One prominent hypothesis is that poor-quality food promotes development of migratory phenotypes and this has been clearly shown for some polyphenic insects. In other animals, particularly long-distance bird migrants, it is clear that high-quality food is required to prepare animals for a successful migration. We tested the effect of diet quality on the flight behaviour and morphology of the Mongolian locust, Oedaleus asiaticus . Locusts reared at high population density and fed low-N grass (performance-enhancing for this species) had enhanced migratory morphology relative to locusts fed high-N grass. Furthermore, locusts fed synthetic diets with an optimal 1 : 2 protein : carbohydrate ratio flew for longer times than locusts fed diets with lower or higher protein : carbohydrate ratios. In contrast to the hypothesis that performance-degrading food should enhance migration, our results support the more nuanced hypothesis that high-quality diets promote development of migratory characteristics when migration is physiologically challenging.
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Lumis, G. P., Calvin Chong, and C. L. Murray. "Fertilizer method and container size effects on shade trees grown in in-ground containers." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-093.

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Shade tree production in large, rigid, in-ground containers is a new nursery practice for which scientific data is lacking. The objective of this research was to study the effects of fertilizer and container size on production and nutrient status of shade trees grown in this manner. Whips of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh), European birch (Betula pendula Roth.), thornless honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis Willd.), and hybrid poplar (Populus angulata Ait. × nigra L. var. plantierensis (Simon-Louis) Schneid.) were grown for two seasons (1991–1992) with a blended medium in 38-L and 76-L containers. Each container was placed in another container of equal size previously sunken into the ground Trees were trickle irrigated and fertilized with slow release (SR) or liquid (LIQ) fertilizer, or both (SR + LIQ). Poplar grew very rapidly, resulting in large roots escaping from the containers by September 1991, therefore, results for this species were excluded from the analysis. In both years, top dry weight and trunk diameter of the other three species were significantly greater for SR-treated than for LIQ or SR + LIQ-treated trees. Root dry weight was greater for SR-treated trees only in 1991. SR-treated trees also grew more than field-grown trees, planted within the experimental site as a baseline comparison. Trees grew larger in the 76-L containers than in the 38-L containers (1991 and 1992) or in the field (1991). Key words: In-ground containers, container growing, shade trees, ornamentals, slow release fertilizer, trickle irrigation, nutrition, foliar nutrients
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Lamghari El Kossori, Radia, Christian Sanchez, Es-Saddik El Boustani, Marie No�lle Maucourt, Yves Sauvaire, Luc M�jean, and Christian Villaume. "Comparison of effects of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica sp) fruit, arabic gum, carrageenan, alginic acid, locust bean gum and citrus pectin on viscosity andin vitro digestibility of casein." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, no. 3 (February 2000): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200002)80:3<359::aid-jsfa534>3.0.co;2-8.

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42

Candriasih, Putu, Metrys Ndama, and Anna Veronica Pont. "Specific and Sensitive Nutrition Interventions with Nutritional Status of Toddlers as Prevention of Stunting in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Sigi District, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (June 12, 2021): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6148.

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Objective: The research objectives were to determine the specific and sensitive intervention model in stunting prevention efforts in the COVID 19 pandemic. Also, to determine the relationship between specific and sensitive interventions on children's nutritional status under five in the COVID-19 pandemic in Stunting Locus Village. Method: This type of research was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample in this study were 35 families with stunting children under five. This study used the chi-square test (p-value <α = 0.05) with SPSS computer software. Results: Nutritional status based on the body-weight/age index, 63% was very underweight and underweight. Based on body-height/age, 28.6% was stunted. Based on body-weight/body-height, 17.1% was severe malnutrition and 40.0 % was malnutrition. The results of the bivariate analysis for specific nutrition interventions with body-weight/age showed p = 0.98, body-weight/age had p = 0.668, body-height/age had p = 0.968, which indicated no significant relationship. Conclusions: Sensitive nutrition intervention showed no relationship between sensitive intervention and children's nutritional status under five
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43

Koguchi, Nakajima, Koguchi, Wada, Yamamoto, Innami, Maekawa, and Tadokoro. "Suppressive Effect of Viscous Dietary Fiber on Elevations of Uric Acid in Serum and Urine Induced by Dietary RNA in Rats is Associated with Strength of Viscosity." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 73, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.73.5.369.

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This study was performed to clarify how dietary fiber (DF) with different viscosities would be associated with dietary RNA metabolism. Male Wistar strain rats, four weeks old, were fed diets containing a 3% (w/w) yeast RNA and a 5% (w/w) viscous DF for five days. Viscosity of DF samples used, in order of strength, were xanthan gum (XG)> guar gum (GG)> locust bean gum (LBG)> karaya gum (KG)> pectin (PE) = arabic gum (AG)> CM-cellulose (CMC) = inulin (IN). The serum uric acid concentration in the viscous DF groups significantly decreased as compared with that in the cellulose (CL) group. The urinary excretions of uric acid and allantoin in the respective groups given AG, GG, IN, KG, PE, and XG were significantly suppressed as compared with those in the CL group. The fecal RNA excretion was markedly increased in the IN, KG, PE, and XG groups in comparison to the CL group. The DF with high viscosity significantly suppressed RNA digestion by RNase A and decreased uptakes of 14C-labeled adenosine and adenosine 5’-monophosphate (5’-AMP) in rat jejunum. The results reveal that the suppressive effect of DF on elevation of serum uric acid concentration induced by dietary RNA in rats is associated with the strength of DF viscosity. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is suggested to be attributed to the inhibitions of digestion for dietary RNA and/or absorption of the hydrolyzed compounds.
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44

Bazazi, Sepideh, Pawel Romanczuk, Sian Thomas, Lutz Schimansky-Geier, Joseph J. Hale, Gabriel A. Miller, Gregory A. Sword, Stephen J. Simpson, and Iain D. Couzin. "Nutritional state and collective motion: from individuals to mass migration." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1704 (August 25, 2010): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1447.

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In order to move effectively in unpredictable or heterogeneous environments animals must make appropriate decisions in response to internal and external cues. Identifying the link between these components remains a challenge for movement ecology and is important in understanding the mechanisms driving both individual and collective motion. One accessible way of examining how internal state influences an individual's motion is to consider the nutritional state of an animal. Our experimental results reveal that nutritional state exerts a relatively minor influence on the motion of isolated individuals, but large group-level differences emerge from diet affecting inter-individual interactions. This supports the idea that mass movement in locusts may be driven by cannibalism. To estimate how these findings are likely to impact collective migration of locust hopper bands, we create an experimentally parametrized model of locust interactions and motion. Our model supports our hypothesis that nutrient-dependent social interactions can lead to the collective motion seen in our experiments and predicts a transition in the mean speed and the degree of coordination of bands with increasing insect density. Furthermore, increasing the interaction strength (representing greater protein deprivation) dramatically reduces the critical density at which this transition occurs, demonstrating that individuals' nutritional state could have a major impact on large-scale migration.
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Eniolorunda, OO, HA Awojobi, AF Aluko, and BS Olufemi. "Growth response, nutrient digestibility and physical body measurements of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) fed whole cassava (Manihot esculenta) root meal fortified with selected fermented protein sources." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37979.

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Grasscutter serves as a major tool for improved household income generation, nutrition and bio-diversity in Nigeria. It provides a quick turnover, foreign exchange earner and reduce unemployment rate of the country.In order to assess the feeding values of concentrates used as supplement, studies were conducted in captivity to evaluate the performance of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) using 20 growing Grasscutters comprising 16 females and 4 males who were balanced for weight and grouped into four treatments. Inclusion of whole cassava meal that was incorporated at 80% of the total bulk acted as the control(T0) while 10% of whole cassava root meal was replaced by fermented soybean meal in (T1), fermented locust bean meal in (T2) and fermented melon seed meal in (T3) respectively were considered as experimental using a complete randomized design. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was used as the basal diet and water were given ad libitum. There were significant difference in the final body weight gains (P<0.05) between treatments. The mean final body weights were 1175.0 ±302.01, 1266.7±302.01, 1215±302.01 and 1143.0±302.01g for animals on T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The corresponding mean for final body weight gains were found to be 481±209.55, 536.7±209.55, 507±209.55 and 407±209.55g for T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the trunk length in T1 over T2, T0 and T3 and were recorded at the level of4.78±0.19, 4.56 ±0.18, 4.55 ± 0.18 and 4.12 ± 0.16 respectively. The nutrient digestibility of CP, EE, NFE, ADF and ADL were significantly different (P<0.05). The whole cassava root that was combined with fermented soybean meal supported a highest growth rate than those of other treatments. It was therefore concluded that fermented soybean meal may be used as an ideal diet for sustainable Grasscutter production when whole cassava root is combined with this ingredient.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 254-259, August 2018
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Trivedi, A. K., L. Arya, S. K. Verma, R. K. Tyagi, A. Hemantaranjan, M. Verma, V. P. Sharma, and D. Saha. "Molecular profiling of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) from Central Himalayan Region for genetic variability and nutritional quality." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 3 (April 2018): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000382.

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AbstractAgriculture in the Central Himalayan Region depends on the availability of suitable germplasm as well as natural conditions. Due to extreme weather conditions, food and nutrition security is a major issue for communities inhabiting these remote and inaccessible areas. Millets are common crops grown in these areas. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) is an important crop and forms a considerable part of the diet in this region. The aim of the present study was to explore, collect, conserve and evaluate the untapped genetic diversity of foxtail millet at the molecular level and discover variability in their nutritional traits. A total of 30 accessions having unique traits of agronomic importance were collected and molecular profiling was performed. A total of 63 alleles were generated with an average of 2.52 alleles per locus and average expected heterozygosity of 0.37 ± 0.231. Significant genetic variability was revealed through the genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) values. Structure-based analysis divided whole germplasm into three sub-groups. Rich variability was found in nutritional traits such as dietary fibre in husked grains, carbohydrate, protein, lysine and thiamine content. The collected germplasm may be useful for developing nutritionally rich and agronomically beneficial varieties of foxtail millet and also designing strategies for utilization of unexploited genetic diversity for food and nutrition security in this and other similar agro-ecological regions.
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47

Zhou, Feng Li, Sha Xue, Bing Wang, and Guo Bin Liu. "Effects of Different Vegetation Types on Soil Microbiological Properties on the Loess Plateau." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4893.

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The re-establishment of natural species-rich health lands on abandoned farmland is one of the main measures in soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau of China. This study was conducted to understand how enzyme activities changed with nutritional properties and microbial biomass in different vegetation types in the loessial gully region of the Loess Plateau. Soil samples were collected in different vegetations which had planted for almost 30 years. For the collected soils, nutritional, microbial and enzymatic properties were determined. The result showed that soil nutritional properties and microbial biomass were enhanced in black locust-amorpha, compared with black locust, but weakened in Chinese pine-amorpha compared with Chinese pine. Besides, soil urease, α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, saccharase and cellulase activities in creased with restoration, but decreased polyphenol oxidase. Moreover, urease activity was obviously high in korshinsk peashrub and black locust for the nitrogen fixation of them, and α-amylase was high in Chinese pine for low pH value. However, there still was a certain gap to Chinese arborvitae which was considered to be the climax community in the region. In general, the distance of vegetations to Chinese arborvitae was grassland > black locust > Chinese pine> korshinsk peashrub > Chinese pine-amorpha > black locust-amorpha.
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48

Bawa, G. S., and M. T. Adegbulu. "Effects of duration of cooking whole or crushed African Locust Bean (Parkia Filicoidea, Welw) seeds on the levels of some Anti Nutritional Factors and growth performance of young rabbits." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v34i2.1184.

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Chemical analyses and a growth trial were carried out to determine the effect of duration of cooking whole or crushed African locust bean seeds on the proximate compositions, levels of some anti-nutritional factors and growth performance of young rabbits. Samples of whole or crushed African locust bean seeds subjected to 30. 45 or 60 minutes duration of cooking respectively, were analysed for proximate composition and levels of some anti-nutritional factors. In a completely randomized design, a 56-day feeding trial was also conducted using 63 young rabbits of mixed breeds with an average initial weight of 415.00g to evaluate the effect of cooking whole or crushed African locust bean seeds at 100°C for 30, 45 or 60 minutes on growth performance. The diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (20% CP). Diet 1 with raw African locust bean seeds served as the control. The animals were offered feed and water ad libitum. At the end of the growth trial, 5 rabbits per treatment were selected and slaughtered for carcass analysis. The results showed that cooking African locust bean seeds whole or crushed for 30, 45 or 60 minutes had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the proximate composition. However, cooking the seeds, either whole or crushed resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decrease in trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA), phytic acid, tannin und hydrocyanic acid content of the raw seeds. Feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) improved as the duration of cooking increased. The cost per unit gain decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the duration of cooking increased from 30 10 60 minutes. It was concluded that ruw African locust bean seeds contain some levels of anti nutritional factors which could limit their nutritional value in monogastric diet. Cooking whole or crushed African locust bean seeds at 100°C for 60 minutes was considered optimum for young rabbits. There was no significant (P>0.05) advantage of crushing before cooking
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Hinks, C. F., D. Hupka, and O. Olfert. "Nutrition and the protein economy in grasshoppers and locusts." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 104, no. 1 (January 1993): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90020-5.

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Pal, Partha, and Spandita Roy. "Edible Insects: Future of Human Food - A Review." International Letters of Natural Sciences 26 (September 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.26.1.

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The practice of eating insects is known as entomophagy. Many animals, such as spiders, lizards and birds, are entomophagous, as are many insects. People throughout the world have been eating insects as a regular part of their diets for millennia. As people in rural areas suffer from under nutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in Africa, Latin America and Asia, alternative nutritional food sources are needed. From ants to beetle larvae – eaten by tribes in Africa and Australia as part of their subsistence diets – to the popular, crispy-fried locusts and beetles enjoyed in Thailand, it is estimated that insect-eating is practised regularly by at least 2 billion people worldwide. More than 1900 insect species have been documented in literature as edible, most of them in tropical countries. The most commonly eaten insect groups are beetles, caterpillars, bees, wasps, ants, grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, cicadas, leaf and plant hoppers, scale insects and true bugs, termites, dragonflies and flies. The purpose of the present review is to determine the status of present research in the context of the potentiality of insects as alternative food source to cope up with the emerging problem of global food crisis
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