Academic literature on the topic 'LOCKDOWN PHASES'
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Journal articles on the topic "LOCKDOWN PHASES"
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NIVDANGE, SANDIP, Chinmay Jena, and Pooja Pawar. "Nationwide CoViD-19 lockdown impact on air quality in India." MAUSAM 73, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i1.1475.
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This paper discusses the comparative results of surface and satellite measurements made during the Phase1 (25 March to 14 April), Phase2 (15 April to 3 May) and Phase3 (3 May to 17May) of Covid-19 imposed lockdown periods of 2020 and those of the same locations and periods during 2019 over India. These comparative analyses are performed for Indian states and Tier 1 megacities where economic activities have been severely affected with the nationwide lockdown. The focus is on changes in the surface concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), PM2.5 and PM10, Ozone (O3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and retrieved columnar NO2 from TROPOMI and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS satellite. Surface concentrations of PM2.5 were reduced by 30.59%, 31.64% and 37.06%, PM10 by 40.64%, 44.95% and 46.58%, SO2 by 16.73%, 12.13% and 6.71%, columnar NO2 by 46.34%, 45.82% and 39.58% and CO by 45.08%, 41.51% and 60.45% during lockdown periods of Phase1, Phase2 and Phase3 respectively as compared to those of 2019 periods over India. During 1st phase of lockdown, model simulated PM2.5 shows overestimations to those of observed PM2.5 mass concentrations. The model underestimates the PM2.5 to those of without reduction before lockdown and 1st phase of lockdown periods. The reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, CO and columnar NO2 are discussed with the surface transportation mobility maps during the study periods. Reduction in the emissions based on the observed reduction in the surface mobility data, the model showed excellent skills in capturing the observed PM2.5 concentrations. Nevertheless, during the 1st & 3rd phases of lockdown periods AOD reduced by 5 to 40%. Surface O3 was increased by 1.52% and 5.91% during 1st and 3rd Phases of lockdown periods respectively, while decreased by -8.29% during 2nd Phase of lockdown period.
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Verma, Surender, Anjali Verma, Pradeep Garg, Rajesh Godara, Vivek Sirohi, Neha Garg, and Vijay Pal. "Pattern of surgical emergencies during COVID-19 lockdown in a tertiary care centre." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205368.
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Background: COVID-19 is a novel pandemic affecting almost all countries of the world. The containment measures in form of lockdown taken to prevent its spread has impacted pattern and volume of surgical emergencies. As emergency admissions form a major bulk of total surgical admissions hence this study was planned to look for the impact of lockdown on the spectrum of surgical emergencies in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A descriptive register based study was done by collecting data of surgical emergencies in three phases – pre lockdown, lockdown and lockdown with relaxations. Data regarding surgical admissions which includes trauma as well as non-trauma emergencies during various phases was collected and analysed.Results: Total number of surgical emergencies decreased by 55.6% during lockdown when compared with pre-lockdown phase. In lockdown phase with relaxations, total admissions increased by 35.2% over lockdown phase however they was overall decrease by 19.4% than pre-lockdown phase. Physical assault was most common cause of trauma admissions in both lockdown (48.2%) as well as relaxation phases (57.1%) whereas RSA was the most common cause in pre-lockdown phase (50.5%).Conclusions: As there was significant decrease in surgical emergencies particularly road side accidents during both lockdown and relaxation phases, hence we conclude that maximum emergencies can be avoided which ultimately decrease the burden on existing health care system. However lockdown has adversely affected economy of country and public comfort i.e. travel restrictions, jobs, recreation etc. Moreover, rise in cases of physical assaults also warrants urgent attention in the community.
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Hemker, Falk, Timo Haselhoff, Susanne Brunner, Bryce T. Lawrence, Katja Ickstadt, and Susanne Moebus. "The Role of Traffic Volume on Sound Pressure Level Reduction before and during COVID-19 Lockdown Measures—A Case Study in Bochum, Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 13, 2023): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065060.
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During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, sound pressure levels (SPL) decreased because of lockdown measures all over the world. This study aims to describe SPL changes over varying lockdown measure timeframes and estimate the role of traffic on SPL variations. To account for different COVID-19 lockdown measures, the timeframe during the pandemic was segmented into four phases. To analyze the association between a-weighted decibels (dB(A)) and lockdown phases relative to the pre-lockdown timeframe, we calculated a linear mixed model, using 36,710 h of recording time. Regression coefficients depicting SPL changes were compared, while the model was subsequently adjusted for wind speed, rainfall, and traffic volume. The relative adjusted reduction of during pandemic phases to pre-pandemic levels ranged from −0.99 dB(A) (CI: −1.45; −0.53) to −0.25 dB(A) (CI: −0.96; 0.46). After controlling for traffic volume, we observed little to no reduction (−0.16 dB(A) (CI: −0.77; 0.45)) and even an increase of 0.75 dB(A) (CI: 0.18; 1.31) during the different lockdown phases. These results showcase the major role of traffic regarding the observed reduction. The findings can be useful in assessing measures to decrease noise pollution for necessary future population-based prevention.
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Ambade, Preshit Nemdas, Kednapa Thavorn, and Smita Pakhale. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Did Strict Mobility Restrictions Save Lives and Healthcare Costs in Maharashtra, India?" Healthcare 11, no. 14 (July 24, 2023): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142112.
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Introduction: Maharashtra, India, remained a hotspot during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the initial complete lockdown, the state slowly relaxed restrictions. We aim to estimate the lockdown’s impact on COVID-19 cases and associated healthcare costs. Methods: Using daily case data for 84 days (9 March–31 May 2020), we modeled the epidemic’s trajectory and predicted new cases for different phases of lockdown. We fitted log-linear models to estimate the growth rate, basic (R0), daily reproduction number (Re), and case doubling time. Based on pre-restriction and Phase 1 R0, we predicted new cases for the rest of the restriction phases, and we compared them with the actual number of cases during each phase. Furthermore, using the published and gray literature, we estimated the costs and savings of implementing these restrictions for the projected period, and we performed a sensitivity analysis. Results: The estimated median R0 during the different phases was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.45) for pre-lockdown, 1.67 (95% CI: 1.50, 1.82) for phase 1 (strict mobility restrictions), 1.24 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.35) for phase 2 (extension of phase 1 with no restrictions on agricultural and essential services), 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.23) for phase 3 (extension of phase 2 with mobility relaxations in areas with few infections), and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.123) for phase 4 (implementation of localized lockdowns in high-case-load areas with fewer restrictions on other areas), respectively. The corresponding doubling time rate for cases (in days) was 17.78 (95% CI: 5.61, −15.19), 3.87 (95% CI: 3.15, 5.00), 10.37 (95% CI: 7.10, 19.30), 20.31 (95% CI: 10.70, 212.50), and 45.56 (95% CI: 20.50, –204.52). For the projected period, the cases could have reached 631,819 without the lockdown, as the actual reported number of cases was 64,975. From a healthcare perspective, the estimated total value of averted cases was INR 194.73 billion (USD 2.60 billion), resulting in net cost savings of 84.05%. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) for implementing the lockdown, rather than observing the natural course of the pandemic, was INR 33,812.15 (USD 450.83). Conclusion: Maharashtra’s early public health response delayed the pandemic and averted new cases and deaths during the first wave of the pandemic. However, we recommend that such restrictions be carefully used while considering the local socio-economic realities in countries like India.
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Lavalle, Raffaele, Elena Condominas, Josep Maria Haro, Iago Giné-Vázquez, Raquel Bailon, Estela Laporta, Ester Garcia, et al. "The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Adults with Major Depressive Disorder from Catalonia: A Decentralized Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 5161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065161.
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The present study analyzes the effects of each containment phase of the first COVID-19 wave on depression levels in a cohort of 121 adults with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) from Catalonia recruited from 1 November 2019, to 16 October 2020. This analysis is part of the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse-MDD (RADAR-MDD) study. Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), and anxiety was evaluated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Depression’s levels were explored across the phases (pre-lockdown, lockdown, and four post-lockdown phases) according to the restrictions of Spanish/Catalan governments. Then, a mixed model was fitted to estimate how depression varied over the phases. A significant rise in depression severity was found during the lockdown and phase 0 (early post-lockdown), compared with the pre-lockdown. Those with low pre-lockdown depression experienced an increase in depression severity during the “new normality”, while those with high pre-lockdown depression decreased compared with the pre-lockdown. These findings suggest that COVID-19 restrictions affected the depression level depending on their pre-lockdown depression severity. Individuals with low levels of depression are more reactive to external stimuli than those with more severe depression, so the lockdown may have worse detrimental effects on them.
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van der Koogh, Mylène, Rick Wolbertus, and Renee Heller. "Charging after Lockdown: The Aftermath of COVID-19 Policies on Electric Vehicle Charging Behaviour in The Netherlands." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 3 (March 7, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14030067.
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During the COVID-19—related lockdowns (2020–2022), mobility patterns and charging needs were substantially affected. Policies such as work from home, lockdowns, and curfews reduced traffic and commuting significantly. This global pandemic may have also substantially changed mobility patterns on the long term and therefore the need for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. This paper analyzes changes in electric charging in the Netherlands for different user groups during different phases of the COVID-19 lockdown to assess the effects on EV charging needs. Charging needs dropped significantly during this period, which also changed the distribution of the load on the electricity grid throughout the day. Curfews affected the start times of charging sessions during peak hours of grid consumption. Infrastructure dedicated to commuters was used less intensively, and the charging needs of professional taxi drivers were drastically reduced during lockdown periods. These trends were partially observed during a post–lockdown measuring period of roughly 8 months, indicating a longer shift in mobility and charging patterns.
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Javed, Zeeshan, Yuhang Wang, Mingjie Xie, Aimon Tanvir, Abdul Rehman, Xiangguang Ji, Chengzhi Xing, Awais Shakoor, and Cheng Liu. "Investigating the Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Trace Gases Using Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations in Nanjing, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233939.
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The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdowns all over the world have had various impacts on atmospheric quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the lockdown on the air quality of Nanjing, China. The off-axis measurements from state-of-the-art remote-sensing Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscope (MAX-DOAS) were used to observe the trace gases, i.e., Formaldehyde (HCHO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), along with the in-situ time series of NO2, SO2 and Ozone (O3). The total dataset covers the span of five months, from 1 December 2019, to 10 May 2020, which comprises of four phases, i.e., the pre lockdown phase (1 December 2019, to 23 January 2020), Phase-1 lockdown (24 January 2020, to 26 February 2020), Phase-2 lockdown (27 February 2020, to 31 March 2020), and post lockdown (1 April 2020, to 10 May 2020). The observed results clearly showed that the concentrations of selected pollutants were lower along with improved air quality during the lockdown periods (Phase-1 and Phase-2) with only the exception of O3, which showed an increasing trend during lockdown. The study concluded that limited anthropogenic activities during the spring festival and lockdown phases improved air quality with a significant reduction of selected trace gases, i.e., NO2 59%, HCHO 38%, and SO2 33%. We also compared our results with 2019 data for available gases. Our results imply that the air pollutants concentration reduction in 2019 during Phase-2 was insignificant, which was due to the business as usual conditions after the Spring Festival (Phase-1) in 2019. In contrast, a significant contamination reduction was observed during Phase-2 in 2020 with the enforcement of a Level-II response in lockdown conditions i.e., the easing of the lockdown situation in some sectors during a specific interval of time. The observed ratio of HCHO to NO2 showed that tropospheric ozone production involved Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) limited scenarios.
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Paz-Graniel, Indira, Nancy Babio, Stephanie K. Nishi, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, Alfredo Martínez, et al. "How Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Pandemic Affect the Depression Symptomatology in Mediterranean Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome?" Depression and Anxiety 2023 (July 14, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6765950.
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Background and Aims. To control the COVID-19 spread, in March 2020, a forced home lockdown was established in Spain. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of mobility and social COVID-19-established restrictions on depressive symptomatology in older adults with metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that severe restrictions might have resulted in detrimental changes in depressive symptomatology. Methods. 2,312 PREDIMED-Plus study participants ( men = 53.9 %; mean age = 64.9 ± 4.8 years) who completed a COVID-19 lockdown questionnaire to assess the severity of restrictions/lockdown and the validated Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) during the three established phases concerning the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain (prelockdown, lockdown, and postlockdown) were included in this longitudinal analysis. Participants were categorized according to high or low lockdown severity. Analyses of covariance were performed to assess changes in depressive symptomatology across lockdown phases. Results. No significant differences in participant depression symptomatology changes were observed between lockdown severity categories (low/high) at the studied phases. During the lockdown phase, participants showed a decrease in BDI-II score compared to the prelockdown phase (mean (95% CI), -0.48 (-0.24, -0.72), P < 0.001 ); a nonsignificantly larger decrease was observed in participants allocated in the low-lockdown category (low: -0.59 (-0.95, -0.23), high: -0.43 (-0.67, -0.19)). Similar decreases in depression symptomatology were found for the physical environment dimension. The post- and prelockdown phase BDI-II scores were roughly similar. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown was associated with a decrease in depressive symptomatology that returned to prelockdown levels after the lockdown. The degree of lockdown was not associated with depressive symptomatology. The potential preventive role of the physical environment and social interactions on mental disorders during forced home lockdown should be further studied. This trial is registered with ISRCTN89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
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Asif, Aroojh, Martin Beattie, Kathryn Kelly, and Lois Ots. "Teaching in lockdown: Examining Scottish primary teachers’ resilience during national lockdowns." Educational Psychology in Scotland 21, no. 1 (2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsepis.2021.21.1.25.
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The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in an unprecedented move to emergency remote teaching. The present study examined the Scottish context of teacher resilience (TR) by considering the lived experiences of eight Scottish primary school teachers during ongoing lockdowns, referred to as ‘transitional emergency remote teaching’ (TERT). Data from virtual interviews was analysed following an inductive and experiential approach to Braun and Clarke’s (2013) six phases of reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: ‘Teacher career adaptability’, ‘Relationships within school’, ‘Learning from home’ and ‘Continuous Professional Development’(CPD). Key findings suggest that teachers who demonstrated resilience adapted to TERT and identified new positive aspects to their teacher identities; senior management had a key role in supporting TR; TERT impacted positively on teacher-student relationships with parents increasingly viewed as partners in learning; and reflection promoted help-seeking behaviours, with practitioners desiring more formal reflective opportunities considering the impact of TERT.
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Tyagi, Bhishma, Naresh Krishna Vissa, and Sachin D. Ghude. "Evolution of Pollution Levels from COVID-19 Lockdown to Post-Lockdown over India." Toxics 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10110653.
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The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the administration to lock down in many countries globally to stop the spread. As the lockdown phase had only the emergency use of transportation and most of the industries were shut down, there was an apparent reduction in pollution. With the end of the lockdown period, pollution is returning to its regular emission in most places. Though the background was abnormally low in emissions (during the lockdown phase) and the reduced pollution changed the radiation balance in the northern hemispheric summer period, a modified pollution pattern is possible during the unlock phases of 2020. The present study analysed the unlock 1 and 2 stages (June–July) of the COVID-19 lockdown over India. The rainfall, surface temperature and cloud cover anomalies of 2020 for understanding the differences in pollutants variation were also analysed. The unlock phases show remarkable differences in trends and mean variations of pollutants over the Indian region compared to climatological variations. The results indicated changing high-emission regions over India to climatological variations and identified an AOD dipole with future emissions over India.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LOCKDOWN PHASES"
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KAIJUKA, AKASIIMA LORNA. "ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY IN INDO GANGETIC PLAIN DURING LOCKDOWN PHASES IN 2020." Thesis, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19723.
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Analyzing the trend of air quality from previous years to date, helps policy makers and community
to know how to deal with air pollution. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as
pandemic in early March. India announced Janata curfew which means peoples curfew on Sunday
22, March 2020. From 22nd March 2020 throughout all the lockdown phases, the air quality was
observed and different air pollutants decreased in concentration apart from Ozone. This study
focuses on concentrations of five pollutants PM2.5, NO2, NO, ozone and SO2 from January, 2016
to December, 2020. The study is done for 7 cities in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), these include
Delhi (capital city of India), Rohtak (city in state of Haryana and upwind of Delhi), Faridabad
(most populated city in Haryana and downwind of Delhi), Kanpur (industrial city in state of Uttar
Pradesh), Agra (city in Uttar Pradesh with high tourism), Varanasi (holy city in Uttar Pradesh
known for high number of funeral pyres) and Lucknow (capital city of Uttar Pradesh). The
concentration of different air pollutants has been decreasing from 2016 for all cities, this shows
the effect of multiple control measures put in place by the Indian Government. The trend greatly
changed in the year 2020 which also shows the effect of different lockdown phases to the air
quality. Using spatial analysis, its clearly seen that PM2.5 is the one that mostly pollutes the air
mostly the during winter season. However much there was lockdown in 2020 from the second
quarter of the year. But in comparison with the same periods in 2019, it’s also seen that there is
great influence caused by meteorological factors, as it is seen that during winter the air quality
index of PM2.5 is poor.
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Bártolo, Mariana Tavares. "A relação entre os estados emocionais das mães e a regulação emocional das crianças na fase final do primeiro confinamento por covid-19 e no regresso à nova normalidade." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/8355.
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Dissertação de Mestrado rapresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Mestre em Psicologia Clínica.A regulação emocional é uma competência crucial que é desenvolvida nos primeiros anos de vida, sofrendo uma grande influência do contexto familiar em que a criança está inserida. A investigação evidenciou associações bidirecionais entre a regulação emocional da criança e as dificuldades emocionais maternas. Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar as associações entre as dificuldades emocionais das mães e a labilidade emocional das crianças na fase final do primeiro confinamento por covid-19 (com levantamento gradual das medidas) e na fase de desconfinamento mais generalizado (com a reabertura dos estabelecimentos de ensino pré-escolar). A amostra foi composta por 169 mães de crianças com média de 65 meses que preencheram um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos, o Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) – Adult Report e o Emotional Regulation Checklist. Na fase final do confinamento, as mães relataram níveis significativamente mais elevados de labilidade emocional nos rapazes do que nas raparigas e descreveram maior agitação quando as crianças tinham 5-7 anos do que quando estas tinham 3-4 anos. Foram observadas associações positivas entre a labilidade emocional da criança e os estados emocionais negativos das mães em ambos os momentos de avaliação, mas estas foram de maior magnitude na fase de desconfinamento mais generalizado.
Emotional regulation is a crucial skill that is developed during the first years of life, being strongly influenced by child’s family context. Research has shown bidirectional associations between child’s emotion-regulation and maternal emotional difficulties. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between mothers’ emotional difficulties and children’s emotional lability during the final phase of the first covid-19’s lockdown (with gradual removal of restrictive measures) and during the more generalized reopening phase (with the reopening of preschool facilities). The sample consisted of 169 mothers of children with an average age of 65 months, who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) – Adult Report and the Emotional Regulation Checklist. During the final phase of the lockdown, mothers reported significantly higher levels of emotional lability in boys than in girls and described higher levels of restlessness when children were aged 5-7 years than when they were aged 3-4 years. Positive associations between child’s emotional lability and maternal negative emotional states were observed in both assessment times, but the magnitude of the associations was higher during more generalized reopening phase.
Books on the topic "LOCKDOWN PHASES"
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Sharma, Dr Aarti, and Dr Sanjay Kaushal. Building the New Trends and Prospects in Business Management. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, DELHI, INDIA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842222.2021.ed.
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COVID-19, with its evolving concurrent variants, has been disrupting the working environments and every sphere of lives of individuals making the overall management in various field challenging. The first phase of the spread of virus in 2020, which led to complete lockdowns in many countries, had taught many lessons to all the sectors, organizations, and institutions. Though the initial impact of the pandemic largely had a negative impact on individuals and organizations, the following phases, especially with the discovery of multiple anti-COVID vaccines, saw greater and improved adaptability and efficient management among individuals, organizations, as well as international relations. It is evident that this disruption caused by the pandemic is fundamentally different from recessions; this situation requires break from the normal status quo and a new normal needs to be inculcated in various areas. To overcome the challenges posed by the pandemic, individuals and organizations need to be more vigorous and positive in their overall approach towards personal and professional management respectively. This book provides insights on trends and prospects in health, culture, business management, finance, design, architecture, education and technology that have occurred during the pandemic.
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Gandhi, C. A. Latika. Self Connection-Breathing Is Life: An Insight into Pre and Post Lockdown Phase. Independently Published, 2020.
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Sony, Dr Krishan K., Dr Nidhi Verma, and Dr Mohsin Uddin, eds. PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC. REDSHINE Publication, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/1794795529.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has sparked a global health crisis that has altered our perceptions of the world and our daily lives. Not only has the velocity of infection and transmission patterns undermined our feeling of agency, but the safety measures to restrict the virus's spread also demanded social and physical separation, prohibiting us from seeking solace in the company of others. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc on daily life and normal activities as well as having serious health, economic, financial, and societal consequences Lockdowns and physical/social distancing measures were enforced in numerous countries throughout the world beginning in March 2020. COVID-19 has claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. This high death toll, combined with the rapid changes in daily life brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, may have a negative impact on child and adolescent mental health. Individuals' reactions to the security measures adopted to combat the epidemic varied depending on the social roles they played. Some segments of the population seem to be more exposed to the risk of anxious, depressive, and post-traumatic symptoms as the population is more susceptible to stress. COVID-19 pandemic has generated a situation like mass hysteria or fear. This mass fear of COVID-19, termed as “Coronaphobia”, has generated a plethora of psychiatric manifestations across societies. In India, the first and foremost responses to the pandemic have been fear and a sense of clear and imminent danger. Fears have ranged from those based on facts to unfounded fears based on misinformation circulating in the media, particularly social media. All of us respond differently to the barrage of information from all the available sources. It is equally important to consider the impact of the various phases of the pandemic on children, the elderly and pregnant women. The worries of adults can be transmitted to children and make them anxious and fearful. They can become very easily bored, angry and frustrated. Without an opportunity for outdoor play and socialization, they may become increasingly engrossed in social media and online entertainment, which can make them even more socially isolated when they emerge out of this situation. Parents need to know means of keeping the children engaged, providing an opportunity to learn new skills at home, as well as encourage children to participate in activities, get them engaged in “edutainment” and hone their extracurricular skills as well. Children with special needs may need innovative approaches to engage them and keep them active at home. For the elderly, they can feel further isolated and neglected, become more worried about their families, and increasingly worried about their health. They may not have the support systems to care for them, particularly in terms of their medical needs. This can aggravate into anxiety and depression.
Book chapters on the topic "LOCKDOWN PHASES"
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Pietilä, Iikka, Jenni Kallio, Jari Varsaluoma, and Kaisa Väänänen. "Youths’ Digital Participation in the Early Phases of COVID-19 Lockdown." In Electronic Participation, 3–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82824-0_1.
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Hasan, Shameem, Mirza Rasheduzzaman, and M. Mofazzal Hossain. "Consequences of Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on the Electricity Generation and Environment in South Asia." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 113–38. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_6.
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AbstractThere has been an unprecedented impact of COVID-19 outbreak worldwide. To save people from COVID-19, many countries imposed strict lockdown since March 2020 in different phases. In this paper, the impacts of COVID-19 on the power industry of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka and its positive impacts on the environment have been investigated through the reduction of power generation and Green House Gas (GHG) emission during a certain part of the lockdown period. It is found that there was a 16.96%, 26% and 22.7% reduction of power generation in May’20 compared with that of May’19 in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka respectively. Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOX) and fluorinated gases are the main components of Green House Gases (GHGs) where CO2 contains almost 80% of the GHGs. CO2 emission was reduced by a maximum of 22.29% in May 2020 in Bangladesh compared to May’19. India encountered a CO2 emission reduction of 29.75% in April’20 compared to April’19. NOX and SO2 reduction in India in April’20 were 29.59% and 31.19% respectively whereas in Bangladesh in May’20 during the lockdown, NOX decreased by 15.57% and SO2 increased by 23.36%. Hence, from the comparative study presented in this paper, the consequence of lockdown due to COVID-19 on the power sector and environment of three South Asian countries can be realized.
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Khandelwal, Ronak, Suraksha Grewal, Ashok K. Kakodia, and Kumud Tanwar. "Air Quality Index: A Comparative Study of Air Quality in Jaipur When the Pre-lockdown and Post-lockdown Phases Are in Effect." In Advances in Mathematical Modelling, Applied Analysis and Computation, 552–61. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29959-9_36.
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Prasad, Rabinder Kumar, Subrata Chakraborty, and Rosy Sarmah. "Lockdown Phases and Changing Clusters of Indian States with Respect to Number of Cases of COVID-19." In Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications, Volume 2, 71–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9705-0_8.
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Mandal, Shyama Prasad, Avinash Kumar Ranjan, Bikash Ranjan Parida, and Sailesh Narayan Behera. "Assessing Aerosol and Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration in Major Urban Cities over the Himalayan Region during the COVID-19 Lockdown Phases." In Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability, Volume 2, 293–315. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003265160-18.
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Goswami, Asutosh, and Suhel Sen. "Geospatial Appraisal of Vegetation Health and Air Quality of Delhi During Pre- and Post-lockdown Phases Through a Multi-criteria Decision Model." In Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 7–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1934-5_2.
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Beham-Rabanser, Martina, Karin Scaria-Braunstein, Sabine A. Haring-Mosbacher, Matthias Forstner, and Johann Bacher. "Arbeit und Familie im Covid-19-Alltag." In Die österreichische Gesellschaft während der Corona-Pandemie, 31–68. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34491-7_2.
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ZusammenfassungDie zur Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie von den Regierungen gesetzten Einschränkungen und Maßnahmen im ersten Lockdown im Frühjahr 2020 beeinflussten unser berufliches und privates Alltagsleben in einem bis dato unbekannten Ausmaß. Wie sich dabei der Stellenwert von Familie und Kindern bzw. Arbeit und Beruf veränderte und welche Rolle dabei die konkrete individuelle Lebenssituation und damit einhergehende Stressoren spielen, analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag. Neben den Daten der Values in Crisis Umfrage (VIC) (Aschauer et al., 2020) und dem Sozialen Survey Österreich 2016 (SSÖ) (Prandner, 2019) wird in den Analysen auf eine qualitative Primärstudie zurückgegriffen (Haring-Mosbacher und Scaria-Braunstein, 2021), um neben Wertorientierungen auch Muster der Alltagsbewältigung herauszuarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Während bei Frauen in der ersten Phase der Corona-Krise die Wichtigkeit von Familie und Kindern gegenüber 2016 gleichgeblieben ist und jene von Arbeit und Beruf leicht zurückging, hat bei Männern der Stellenwert von Arbeit und Beruf deutlich abgenommen. Zugleich belegen die qualitativen Analysen, bei denen besonderes Augenmerk auf die spezifische Situation von Frauen in der „Rushhour des Lebens“ (zwischen Ende 20 und Mitte 40) gerichtet wird, dass ihre Alltagswelt eine sehr heterogene war: Die starke Entgrenzung des Arbeitsalltags, die Hauptverantwortung für Betreuungs- und Haushaltsarbeiten, inklusive Homeschooling, sowie eine starke Gefühlsambivalenz waren für die Zeit des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 charakteristisch.
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Dutta, Joystu, Srijan Goswami, and Abhijit Mitra. "Trends in Water Pollution during the COVID-19 Lockdown Phase." In COVID-19 and Emerging Environmental Trends, 113–20. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003108887-8.
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Pierce, Robin. "Fortified Nudges? Protecting the Vulnerable in a Post-COVID Society." In The New Common, 169–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_24.
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AbstractThe eagerly awaited transition back into a functioning and vibrant society presents numerous challenges, not the least of which is how to protect the vulnerable. As society emerges from the “crisis” phase and the lockdown is lifted, it remains unclear to what extent it should be left to the vulnerable to protect themselves.The elderly, the infirm, and those with existing health conditions are particularly susceptible to tragic outcomes from the coronavirus. To be vulnerable to a severe impact of COVID-19 turns the disease into a pervasively lurking death threat. Yet, to suggest that the vulnerable spend their lives in retreat in order to significantly minimize the risk is problematic in multiple ways. As policy-makers craft the way forward, the question must be asked whether an appeal to the goodwill and voluntary cooperation of people, along with the slow evolution of social norms, is an adequate approach to protecting the vulnerable.
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Nikore, Mitali, Charmi Mehta, and Akshay Kanikar. "COVID-19 and the Indian Economy: Constructing Roadmaps to an Inclusive Recovery." In Global Perspectives of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health, Education, and Role of Media, 99–146. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1106-6_6.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has driven the highest share of economies into recession in modern times and is expected to bring about the largest contraction in global GDP per capita since World War II. The uncertainty it has spawned is driving governments and institutions into a conundrum, as they are tasked with charting out a course for recovery is immense. While India’s GDP contracted 7.3% in FY 2020–21, COVID-19 deepened and exposed the fault lines of the economy. The authors highlight the phase of slowdown in India prior to the pandemic and how COVID-19-related lockdowns reinforced the slowdown. They demonstrate historical trends for a set of indicators for three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and services and display the extent of damage that the pandemic induced economic slowdown caused while also identifying underlying factors that existed pre-COVID. Finally, the authors present a macro-economic outlook covering trends and linkages across demand drivers, employment, and investment. They conclude with a roadmap for inclusive growth advocating strategies that seek to advance equality of access, sustainability of resources, and state capacity for governance.
Conference papers on the topic "LOCKDOWN PHASES"
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Tyagi, Prince, Naman Goyal, and Trasha Gupta. "Analysis of COVID-19 Tweets During Lockdown Phases." In 2021 9th International Conference on Information and Education Technology (ICIET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciet51873.2021.9419641.
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Kaselyová, Paulína. "Analysis of Job Security and Financial Stability of Households During COVID-19 in Slovakia and Europe." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.234-245.
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The presented paper provides analysis of job security and financial stability of households during COVID-19 in Slovakia and Europe. By analysing more than 135 000 answers from respondents across Europe we compare Slovakian jobs and financial situation with situation in other 26 EU countries during different phases of COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data from questionnaire e-study named Living, working and COVID-19, we compare changes in EU citizens’ perceptions of job security and financial stability during „first lockdown”, „reopening” and “year after” period of COVID-19’s European outbreak. The results showed that most of citizens in most of EU countries though that it was unlikely or very unlikely that they lose their job in the next three months. These results were consistent during all three examined periods.
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Maria Arnaldo Valdés, Rosa, Victor Fernando Gómez Comendador, Maria Zamarreño, Francisco Perez Moreno, and Raquel Delgado-Aguilera. "Human Factors Hazards in aviation operating environment during COVID -19." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001431.
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COVID 19 has become a mayor and without precedent disruption in aviation, with a big impact in aviation front line operators, such as crews, air traffic controller and aircraft dispatchers. This new reality has generated unexperienced human factors consequences and ups and downs in the lives of these professionals. They had to deal with new environments in their personal and professional dimensions and changes in both the physical and also psychosocial conditions as a consequence of COVID -19 impacts.The complexity of restating a complex system such as global air transport affects the staff of all aviation supply chain and has the potential to generate new and emergent hazards, a different risk landscape, and new operational and safety challenges.This paper focuses on COVID-related human factors challenges for aviation professionals, how those challenges can generate hazards that jeopardize aviation safety levels, and what can be done to mitigate the derived risks.The paper revises situations faced by operators and service providers during the COVID lockdown and the reanimation of the operations, with a focus on the best practices applied by different organisations to cope with the challenges human factors derived issues while assuring continued high levels of safety as operations ramp up.The paper combines an assessment of the best practices implemented by the industry during the last two years with a classical safety risk assessment approach. The paper revised also the safety risk assessments, about COVID 19 operations-related human factors challenges, conducted by main international aviation organisation such as as the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers’ Associations (IFATCA), the International Federation of Air Line Pilots’ Associations (IFALPA) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Appropriate resources and tools to minimize the mental health impact of COVID-19 and ensure staff well-being throughout the lockdown and recovery phases are discussed.The paper offers a better understanding of the impact that post COVID-19 operations-related challenges could have on aviation human factors; outline new biological and psycho-social hazards and risks situation and their interactions with aviation safety; and finally identify and propose appropriate mitigation measurements for those negative consequences
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Liew, William Sin, M. Shahril Allapitchai, Ahmad Luqman Johan, Sattiyaraju Sellapan, Khalil Ould M'Bareck, Ahmad Hafizi Ahmad Zaini, and Mohd Hairi Abdul Razak. "Project Management Strategy: Managing Covid-19 Global Pandemic for Deepwater Offshore Operations in Remote Location." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21843-ms.
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Abstract During the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO), the work of plug & abandonment of 15 deepwater subsea wells were ongoing in Field "C". Discovered in 2001, the field is located approximately 80 km west of coastline and about 90 km from Nouakchott, capital of Mauritania, situated in West Africa. Field "C" is a deepwater field in water depth ranging from 730m to 830m. The field was developed using subsea wells, Hinged Over Subsea Templates (HOST), manifolds, flexible flowlines, umbilicals and risers tied back to a permanently moored FPSO. The field consists of nine (9) oil producer wells and five (5) water injection wells. During the development stage, one (1) gas injection well was drilled and completed at adjacent Field "B" about 17 km Northeast of Field "C". The water depth at this gas injection well location is approximately 280m. The diagram below shows the Field "C" and Field "B" layout. Field "C" has reached maturity in 2016. Due to high operating costs, declining production coupled with declining oil prices, the decision was made to cease production, plug and abandon (P&A) and decommission the field. Two phases strategy was engaged by the Operator in order to complete the decommissioning and abandonment of Field "C". In Phase 1, which was executed back in the year of 2017-2018, all the 15 deepwater subsea wells were temporarily suspended with two (2) barriers in place. The Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit was decommissioned and disconnected. In line with the strategy of dividing the project into two phases, the information on well integrity and conditions acquired during the Phase 1 Temporary Wells Suspension (TWS) was used by the Operator in planning for Phase 2 – Wells Plug and Abandonment (P&A). The Operator made full use of the temporary well suspension period between Phase 1 and Phase 2 for engineering, procurement and operations preparation. The same drillship was utilized for the project in both phases. Multiple optimizations and modifications were done on the drillship based on lessons learned in Phase 1 and to cater for the subsea Xmas Tree and subsea structures retrieval in Phase 2. Due to the nature of the remote location and no existing oil & gas operations support base, all equipment required in this project was sent to Mauritania early. Equipment inspection and acceptance were carried out in Mauritania as part of the strategy in ensuring the availability of good quality equipment for offshore operations. The operations on Wells Plug & Abandonment commenced in December 2019. In March 2020, upon declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Operator was faced with the difficulty of continuing operation as the Host Country activated border lockdown. The Operator managed to continue operations for remaining well and demobilized drillship and personnel safely. The Operator has successfully retrieved three (3) subsea Xmas Trees, P&A three (3) wells and intervened six (6) other wells for tubing cutting before operations was suspended due to COVID-19 pandemic. The Operator used the suspension phase to devise a methodology to resume operation in the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic situation. The challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the steps taken for resumption are highlighted in this paper.
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Sellapan, Sattiyaraju, M. Shahril Majid Allapitchai, Ahmad Luqman Johan, El Khalil Mohamed M’Bareck Heboul, William Sin Yoong Liew, Ahmad Hafizi Ahmad Zaini, Mohd Hairi Abdul Razak, and M. Yuzmanizeil Yaakub. "Challenges and Lessons Learnt Operating During Covid19 Pandemic in Remote Location: A Success Story of Mauritania Deepwater Abandonment and Decommissioning Campaign." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208460-ms.
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Abstract Operator's Wells Abandonment & Decommissioning campaign consists of 15 Deepwater subsea wells in Field "C" offshore West Africa. Discovered in 2001, the field is located approximately 80 km west of coastline and about 90 km from Nouakchott, capital of Mauritania. Field "C" is a deepwater field in water depth ranging from 730m to 830m. The field was developed using subsea wells, Hinged Over Subsea Templates (HOST), manifolds, flexible flowlines, umbilicals, and risers tied back to a permanently moored FPSO. In total, the field consists of nine (9) oil producer wells and five (5) water injection wells. During the development stage, one (1) gas injection well was drilled and completed at adjacent Field "B" about 17 km Northeast of Field "C". The water depth at this gas injection well location is approximately 280m. Field "C" reached maturity in 2016. Due to high operating costs, declining production coupled with declining oil prices, the decision was made to cease production, plug and abandon (P&A) and decommission the field. Two phases strategy was engaged by the Operator in order to complete the decommissioning and abandonment of Field "C". In Phase 1, which was executed back in the year of 2017-2018, all the 15 deep water subsea wells were temporarily suspended with two (2) barriers in place. The Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit was decommissioned and disconnected. In line with the strategy of dividing the project into two phases, the information on well integrity and conditions acquired during the Phase 1 Temporary Wells Suspension (TWS) was used by the Operator in planning for Phase 2 – Wells Plug and Abandonment (P&A). The operator made full use of temporary well suspension period between Phase 1 and Phase 2 for engineering, procurement, and operations preparation. The same drillship was utilized for the project in both phases. Multiple optimizations and modifications were done on the drillship based on lessons learned in Phase 1 and to cater for the subsea Xmas Tree and subsea structures retrieval in Phase 2. Due to the nature of the remote location and no existing oil & gas operations support base, all equipment required in this project was sent to Mauritania early. Equipment inspection and acceptance were carried out in Mauritania as part of the strategy in ensuring the availability of good quality equipment for offshore operations. The operations on Wells Plug & Abandonment commenced in December 2019. In March 2020, upon declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, operator was faced with difficulty of continuing operation as the Host Country activated border lockdown. The operator managed to continue operations for remaining well and demobilized drillship and personnel safely. Operator has successfully retrieved three (3) subsea Xmas Trees, P&A three (3) wells and intervened six (6) other wells for tubing cutting before operations was suspended due to COVID-19 pandemic. Operator used the suspension phase to devise a methodology to resume operation in the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic situation. The challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the steps taken for resumption are highlighted in this paper. It is expected that this paper will serve as guidance in highlighting challenges and efforts taken to resume operation in the event of unforeseen suspension due to any reasons. It is also hoped that the details shared in this paper can assist other Operators in better operation planning for remote locations.
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Rapisarda, Sebastiano, Elena Ghersetti, Damiano Girardi, Nicola Alberto De Carlo, and Laura Dal Corso. "SMART WORKING AND ONLINE PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: WORK-FAMILY BALANCE, WELL-BEING, AND PERFORMANCE." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact062.
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"During lockdown and the severe restrictions aimed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, in Italy great consideration has been given to “smart working” (SW). This term refers to a form of work characterized by the absence of time or space restrictions and an organization by phases, cycles, and objectives. The requirements for SW are: work must be carried out electronically; the tools must be adequate; performance must be measurable and focused on objectives; employees must have a suitable place to get their work done. These requirements ensure that the essential objectives of SW are attained: replacing the logic of performing tasks with that of achieving objectives; allowing everyone to manage work actively and autonomously; stimulating more decisive accountability in work, and better performance. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, action-research interventions have been conducted by private and public organizations. The private sector has endeavored to meet the requirements described above. This has not always been the case in the public sector, where largely widespread and indiscriminate use of SW has been made, not always complying with the protocols. However, even within the “emergency” limits of these experiences, SW has generally been accepted. The main advantages reported by employees are time and money saved on travel and food, in addition to improved family life. However, some problems have also emerged. These include the perception of social isolation; difficulty in disconnecting from technology; inadequacy of the tools; inadequate communication with managers. We also found that the health conditions of some “smart workers” have worsened in terms of anxiety, sleep disorders, and emotional symptoms. The data clearly show the complexity of analyses and interventions in relation to the SW phenomenon. The protection of employees’ health, especially in terms of recovery and work-family balance, appears to be particularly complex. In this context, the authors’ experience shows that online psychology has become more significant because it allows to support employees at any time. The literature highlights the growing use of online psychological support also through smartphone apps that provide effective interventions anywhere. Therefore, if, on the one hand, the requirements, objectives, and good practices of SW are to be pursued to limit the critical issues that have arisen, on the other, organizations should provide psychological support to employees even at a distance and by using appropriate technologies."
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Durbarry, Anjusha, and Romeela Mohee. "A Phase-Wise Approach to Build Resilience in the Higher Education Sector: A Small Island State Perspective." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3788.
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Covid-19 lockdown disrupted the Higher Education sector across the globe. As the apex regulator for the sector in Mauritius, the Higher Education Commission assessed the state of higher education during the lockdown period including student experience. Participants from both public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), shared insights on the challenges emerging from the pandemic, measures undertaken in response thereto and the new approaches to be adopted to make higher education more resilient in future similar circumstances. A phased reform process was proposed with the aim to create a resilient higher education system capable of withstanding any future disruptions. A study conducted in October 2021 to map the phased reform process revealed that Higher Education Institutions have a contingency plan to face any renewed outbreaks, consolidated their new teaching and learning approaches and improved their student support services. The data revealed 45% of institutions had upgraded their infrastructure and logistics to be able to deliver online/blended modes of teaching and learning. This study provides a unique insight into building resilience in the Higher Education sector in small island states and the framework may be transferable to other contexts.
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Chongprasertpon, N., JJ Coughlan, S. Arockiam, S. Arnous, and T. Kiernan. "61 The effect of covid-19 lockdown on stemi presentations: an early phase analysis." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM (Virtual), October 1st – 3rd 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-ics.61.
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Ahmad Zaini, Ahmad Hafizi, Ahmad Luqman Johan, M. Shahril Majid Allapitchai, William Sin Yoong Liew, Sattiyaraju Sellapan, El Khalil Mohamed M’Bareck Heboul, Mohd Hairi Abdul Razak, and M. Yuzmanizeil Yaakub. "Challenges and Lessons Learnt Operating During Covid 19 Pandemic in Remote Location: A Success Story of Mauritania Deepwater Abandonment and Decommissioning Campaign." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31345-ms.
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Abstract In March 2020, upon declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, operator was faced with difficulty of continuing operation as the Host Country activated border lockdown. The operator managed to continue operations for remaining well and demobilized drillship and personnel safely. Operator has successfully retrieved three (3) subsea Xmas Trees, P&A three (3) wells and intervened six (6) other wells for tubing cutting before operations was suspended due to COVID-19 pandemic. Operator used the suspension phase to devise a methodology to resume operation in the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic situation. The challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the steps taken for resumption are highlighted in this paper. It is expected that this paper will serve as guidance in highlighting challenges and efforts taken to resume operation in the event of unforeseen suspension due to any reasons. It is also hoped that the details shared in this paper can assist other Operators in better operation planning for remote locations.
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De Nicola, Alessandra. "HERITAGE AND ART EDUCATION THROUGH THE SCREEN. FILLING THE SPACE BY PERFORMATIVE METHODOLOGIES." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end140.
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Long before the pandemic, museums started to invest, experimenting with some performative practices (Bishop 2006; Lista 2006) as a method and tool to foster access and participation of different audiences to their heritage. Since the advent of the #culturequarantine, in which most of the educational activities have taken place through a digital space, care and attention to gesture and space have become a key to respond effectively to the needs of educators and users. After an initial phase of rejection and disorientation, teachers, educators and trainers had to find new answers. The aim of this contribution is to describe some of these answers looking at methodologies coming from the field of choreographic and performance research. The argumentation will pass through the narration of some international proposals, three action research experiences accomplished with museum educators and schoolteachers, through which it was possible to observe how the needs and requirements changed as the lockdown conditions changed. The outcome of the research, which took about one year, is the reconsideration of the body as a mediator of the educational and training experience. On the one hand we see the "body as archive" for new knowledge, on the other hand, the space of digital educational activities is reified, thanks to this new role of the body.
Reports on the topic "LOCKDOWN PHASES"
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Matenga, Chrispin, and Munguzwe Hichaambwa. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zambia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.039.
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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The speed with which the pandemic spread geographically, and the high rate of mortality of its victims prompted many countries around the world to institute ‘lockdowns’ of various sorts to contain it. While the global concern in the early months following the emergence of COVID-19 was with health impacts, the ‘lockdown’ measures put in place by governments triggered global socioeconomic shocks as economies entered recessions due to disruption of economic activity that the ‘lockdown’ measures entailed. Data suggests that the socioeconomic shocks arising from ‘lockdowns’ have been more severe in sub-Saharan Africa countries, generating dire livelihood consequences for most citizens who depend on the informal economy for survival. In Zambia, the effects of COVID-19 combined with a severe drought, and a decline in mining activity to contribute to a downward spiral in Zambia’s economy. This report aims to gain real-time insights into how the COVID-19 crisis was unfolding in Zambia and how rural people and food and livelihood systems were responding. The study focused on documenting and understanding the differential impacts of the pandemic at the household level in terms of changes in participation in farming activities, availability of services for agricultural production, labour and employment, marketing and transport services, food and nutrition security and poverty and wellbeing.
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Olsen, Jonathan, and Rich Mitchell. S&SR Environments and Spaces Group: Change in use of green and open space following COVID-19 lockdown ‘stay at home’ phase and initial easing of lockdown. University of Glasgow, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.223180.
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Aromolaran, Adebayo B., Milu Muyanga, Fadlullah O. Issa, and Oladele Oladeji. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.042.
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The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on 27 February 2020. By 30 March 2020, Nigeria had recorded 131 confirmed cases and two deaths. To mitigate the impending health crisis, the Nigerian Government quickly commenced a series of COVID-19 lockdowns across states in Nigeria on 30 March 2020. These lockdowns lasted for three months before a gradual relaxation began on 1 July 2021. However, infection and death cases in the country increased substantially during the months of substantial relaxation of restrictions between October 2020 and March 2021. This paper presents the results of the rapid assessment study in Nigeria between July 2020 and February 2021, which sought to document and understand the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, employment, poverty, and well-being in rural households.
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Bujard, Martin, Ellen von den Driesch, Ruckdeschel Kerstin, Inga Laß, Carolin Thönnissen, Almut Schumann, and Norbert Schneider. Belastungen von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Eltern in der Corona-Pandemie. Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12765/bro-2021-02.
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Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit den psychosozialen Belastungen von Eltern, Kindern und Jugendlichen während der Lockdown-Phasen in Deutschland seit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf den Auswirkungen der Kontaktbeschränkungen und Schulschließungen auf den mentalen und psychischen Gesundheitszustand. Vor allem für Kinder und Jugendliche sind in dieser Zeit viele alltagssichernde Strukturen weggebrochen, welche langfristige Konsequenzen für ihr persönliches Wohlbefinden und ihre Entwicklung nach sich ziehen könnten. Die zugrundeliegenden Daten sind zum einen Metadaten, welche den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu diesem Thema wiedergeben. Zudem erfolgen auch eigene Analysen mit längsschnittlichen und repräsentativen Daten des deutschen Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam und deren COVID-19-Zusatzbefragung. Diese Befunde dienen dazu einen Überblick über die Lage von Eltern, Kindern und Jugendlichen zu geben, um letztlich adäquate politische und gesellschaftliche Maßnahmen und Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten zu können.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade, and Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.
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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).