Relevant bibliographies by topics / Location awareness

Academic literature on the topic 'Location awareness'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Location awareness"

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Schmandt, C., and N. Marmasse. "User-centered location awareness." Computer 37, no. 10 (October 2004): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2004.182.

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Liu, Xiong, and Hassan A. Karimi. "Location awareness through trajectory prediction." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 30, no. 6 (November 2006): 741–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2006.02.007.

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BUTZ, ANDREAS. "BETWEEN LOCATION AWARENESS AND AWARE LOCATIONS: WHERE TO PUT THE INTELLIGENCE." Applied Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 6 (July 2004): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08839510490462830.

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Conti, Andrea, Flavio Morselli, Zhenyu Liu, Stefania Bartoletti, Santiago Mazuelas, William C. Lindsey, and Moe Z. Win. "Location Awareness in Beyond 5G Networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 59, no. 11 (November 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.221.2100359.

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Kovacevic, Aleksandra, Oliver Heckmann, Nicolas C. Liebau, and Ralf Steinmetz. "Location Awareness—Improving Distributed Multimedia Communication." Proceedings of the IEEE 96, no. 1 (January 2008): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2007.909913.

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Chandra, Madhup, Mark T. Jones, and Thomas L. Martin. "E-Textiles for Autonomous Location Awareness." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 6, no. 4 (April 2007): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2007.51.

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LaMarca, Anthony, and Eyal de Lara. "Location Systems: An Introduction to the Technology Behind Location Awareness." Synthesis Lectures on Mobile and Pervasive Computing 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00115ed1v01y200804mpc004.

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Watanabe, K., and S. Shimojo. "Inhibition of Return without Visual Awareness." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0509.

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When a cue and a target are successively presented at the same location, reaction times to discriminate the location of the target are longer than when they are at different locations (inhibition of return: IOR). We found that visual awareness of the cue was not necessary for IOR to occur. Both eyes dichoptically viewed 9 × 9 scattered arrays of vertical or horizontal line segments. To avoid effects of eye dominance and binocular rivalry, cue displays were presented briefly (33, 50, or 200 ms). Three types of cue displays were randomised: (i) no cue: horizontal segments for the left (right) eye and vertical segments for the right (left) eye; subjects perceived scattered binocularly-combined crosses, (ii) binocular (fusible) cue: displays for both eyes had cue elements (a horizontal or vertical segment popping out among orthogonal background segments) and identical interocularly; subjects easily perceived the cue; (iii) dichoptic cue: displays for both eyes had cues at the same location, but all the segments were interocularly orthogonal. Here, because of the brief presentation that horizontal and vertical segments were just combined binocularly, and subjects could see only scattered crosses. Thus, they could not be aware of the cue, which exists at the monocular level. After the cue display disappeared, the target displays [same as the cue display in (ii), but with an independent location of the pop-out target] were presented (ISI=400, 800, or 1200 ms). Reaction time to discriminate location of the target was measured for three subjects who fixated on a fixation point. In our results, IOR took place in conditions (ii) and (iii). This suggests that localisation of the cue occurs without visual awareness, which then leads to IOR.
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Yang, Weicai, Qing Chang, Hui Li, Yang Gao, and Lina Bao. "Location awareness method for spot beam emitters." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 12, no. 12 (December 2018): 1493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2018.5290.

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Yen, Tan Shiang, Mohd Azam Osman, Ng Poh Sing, Tan Chee Yong, and Steven Chan. "Infrastructure Damage Reporting System with Location Awareness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2391.

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Complaints reported by the public about faulty or damaged infrastructure are important information for the management and maintenance team. Nonetheless, existing system to manage the complaint reports often has the problem of insufficient and ambiguous description about the reported infrastructure which resulting difficulties for the management to take action. The troublesome process of filing a complaint report could have reduced the willingness of public to make a report. Therefore, this paper is to introduce solution to the situation through an infrastructure damage complaining system with location awareness and photo capturing capabilities. The proposed system has been developed and thus the purpose of this paper is to introduce the system from the perspective of system design and architecture and to discuss the practical implications of the system. The proposed system provides an instant and convenient approach for the public to file a complaint report about damaged or faulty infrastructure. The public only need to take a photo with their mobile device and the system will automatically embed the coordination of the facility into the photo with geo-tagging technique. The simplified process of filing a complaint report may encourage the public to be more willing to collaborate with management. The visual information in the photo and location of the facility provide useful for the management team to accurately assess the severity of the damage thus to be able take informed action. As the outcome, the proposed system helps to achieve more effective and efficient management of public infrastructure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Location awareness"

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Chandra, Madhup. "Electronic Textiles for Autonomous Location Awareness." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36120.

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The mature textile industry coupled with our familiarity and comfort level with fabrics and the possibility of seamless integration of electronic components such as sensors, processors, and power sources in the fabric opens up a new dimension of computing. The electronic textile presents a suitable substrate over which numerous applications can be developed. Location awareness is one such application that can reap the benefits of e-textiles such that it can be widely deployed at a reasonable cost for assisting visually impaired people or to provide navigational help during emergency situations. This thesis describes an autonomous, wearable location awareness system that will determine a user's location within a building given a map of that building. The thesis examines the issues, constraints, and challenges concerning the design of such a system. The two-part location awareness algorithm computes the location and orientation within a room as well as determines the user's movement between rooms. The efficacy of the proposed system is demonstrated with a wearable prototype.
Master of Science
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Celebi, Hasari. "Location awareness in cognitive radio networks." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002562.

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Leonhardt, Ulf. "Supporting location-awareness in open distributed systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286368.

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Alrayes, Fatma. "Location privacy awareness on geo-social networks enhancing awareness with feedback solutions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110806/.

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Users of GeoSocial Networks (GeoSNs) share their personal location information with other users online. GeoSNs use spatiotemporal histories of users and other semantic information from their tags and comments to build location-based profiles and to offer personalised services and interaction experiences. However, such location-based profiles can potentially be used to extract private information about users, that they may not wish to disclose, and can thus pose a threat to their privacy. Users are generally unaware of the extent of data they are sharing and its potential implicit content. Studies have also shown that users are concerned about their location privacy and that current solutions offered by GeoSNs, namely privacy policies and privacy settings, do not effectively address their concerns. The focus of this thesis is on addressing the problem of location privacy on GeoSNs through enhancing users’ location privacy awareness of potential risks to allow them to make informed consent about their location disclosure. Therefore, this work firstly studies the link between location information disclosure and the risks to personal privacy and evaluates the level of user awareness and their attitude to privacy implications of sharing location information in GeoSNs. Factors contributing to the location privacy problem are identified, including those stemming from the nature of the data collection procedures and the modes of using the application by the users. Systematic user studies were carried out that showed the limitation in users’ awareness of the extent of the data and information they are disclosing. Thus, to enable location privacy awareness, a data-driven approach is undertaken to assessing the threat associated with the exposure of location-related personal information. Based on that, a privacy threat model is proposed that takes into account the types of shared data, its visibility by possible adversaries and the user’s awareness of the disclosed information. In addition, privacy feedback solutions are proposed to address the gaps in user awareness by revealing the level of risk to their privacy associated with exposing different types of location-related personal information. These solutions allow users to view their geo-profiles collected and inferred based on their location-sharing actions on GeoSNs and notify them about who of the other users can see their information. User-based experiments were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions using surveys, interviews, and prototypes along with realistic users’ data. Results demonstrate clearly the significance of the proposed solutions on enhancing user awareness. Employing the methods proposed in this thesis will thus enable users to effectively manage their privacy and make informed decisions about their location disclosure on GeoSNs.
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Snow, Bradford Jason. "A Personal Place Awareness System." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1113852696.

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Balachandran, Anand. "Incorporating location-awareness in public-area wireless networks /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3102542.

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Daruwala, Yohann. "A Constructive Memory Architecture for Context Awareness." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2250.

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Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover, use, and take advantage of contextual information, such as the location, tasks and preferences of the user, in order to adapt their behaviour in response to changing operating environments and user requirements. A problem that arises is the inability to respond to contextual information that cannot be classified into any known context. Many context-aware applications require all discovered contextual information to exactly match a type of context, otherwise the application will not react responsively. The ability to learn and recall contexts based on the contextual information discovered has not been very well addressed by previous context-aware applications and research. The aim of this thesis is to develop a component middleware technology for mobile computing devices for the discovery and capture of contextual information, using the situated reasoning concept of constructive memory. The research contribution of this thesis lies in developing a modified architecture for context-aware systems, using a constructive memory model as a way to learn and recall contexts from previous experiences and application interactions. Using a constructive memory model, previous experiences can be induced to construct potential contexts, given a small amount of learning and interaction. The learning process is able to map the many variations of contextual information currently discovered by the user with a predicted type of context based on what the application has stored and seen previously. It only requires a small amount of contextual information to predict a context, something common context-aware systems lack, as they require all information before a type of context is assigned. Additionally, some mechanism to reason about the contextual information being discovered from past application interactions will be beneficial to induce contexts for future experiences.
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Daruwala, Yohann. "A Constructive Memory Architecture for Context Awareness." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2250.

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Master of Philosophy (Architecture)
Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover, use, and take advantage of contextual information, such as the location, tasks and preferences of the user, in order to adapt their behaviour in response to changing operating environments and user requirements. A problem that arises is the inability to respond to contextual information that cannot be classified into any known context. Many context-aware applications require all discovered contextual information to exactly match a type of context, otherwise the application will not react responsively. The ability to learn and recall contexts based on the contextual information discovered has not been very well addressed by previous context-aware applications and research. The aim of this thesis is to develop a component middleware technology for mobile computing devices for the discovery and capture of contextual information, using the situated reasoning concept of constructive memory. The research contribution of this thesis lies in developing a modified architecture for context-aware systems, using a constructive memory model as a way to learn and recall contexts from previous experiences and application interactions. Using a constructive memory model, previous experiences can be induced to construct potential contexts, given a small amount of learning and interaction. The learning process is able to map the many variations of contextual information currently discovered by the user with a predicted type of context based on what the application has stored and seen previously. It only requires a small amount of contextual information to predict a context, something common context-aware systems lack, as they require all information before a type of context is assigned. Additionally, some mechanism to reason about the contextual information being discovered from past application interactions will be beneficial to induce contexts for future experiences.
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Guerra, Anna <1987&gt. "Location and Map Awareness Technologies in Next Wireless Networks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7554/1/Guerra_Anna_tesi.pdf.

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In a future perspective, the need of mapping an unknown indoor environment, of localizing and retrieving information from objects with zero costs and efforts could be satisfied by the adoption of next 5G technologies. Thanks to the mix of mmW and massive arrays technologies, it will be possible to achieve a higher indoor localization accuracy without relying on a dedicated infrastructure for localization but exploiting that designed for communication purposes. Besides users localization and navigation objectives, mapping and thus, the capability of reconstructing indoor scenarios, will be an important field of research with the possibility of sharing environmental information via crowd-sourcing mechanisms between users. Finally, in the Internet of Things vision, it is expected that people, objects and devices will be interconnected to each other with the possibility of exchanging the acquired and estimated data including those regarding objects identification, positioning and mapping contents. To this end, the merge of RFID, WSN and UWB technologies has demonstrated to be a promising solution. Stimulated by this framework, this work describes different technological and signal processing approaches to ameliorate the localization capabilities and the user awareness about the environment. From one side, it has been focused on the study of the localization and mapping capabilities of multi-antenna systems based on 5G technologies considering different technological issues, as for example those related to the existing available massive arrays. From the other side, UWB-RFID systems relying on passive communication schemes have been investigated in terms of localization coverage and by developing different techniques to improve the accuracy even in presence of NLOS conditions.
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Guerra, Anna <1987&gt. "Location and Map Awareness Technologies in Next Wireless Networks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7554/.

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In a future perspective, the need of mapping an unknown indoor environment, of localizing and retrieving information from objects with zero costs and efforts could be satisfied by the adoption of next 5G technologies. Thanks to the mix of mmW and massive arrays technologies, it will be possible to achieve a higher indoor localization accuracy without relying on a dedicated infrastructure for localization but exploiting that designed for communication purposes. Besides users localization and navigation objectives, mapping and thus, the capability of reconstructing indoor scenarios, will be an important field of research with the possibility of sharing environmental information via crowd-sourcing mechanisms between users. Finally, in the Internet of Things vision, it is expected that people, objects and devices will be interconnected to each other with the possibility of exchanging the acquired and estimated data including those regarding objects identification, positioning and mapping contents. To this end, the merge of RFID, WSN and UWB technologies has demonstrated to be a promising solution. Stimulated by this framework, this work describes different technological and signal processing approaches to ameliorate the localization capabilities and the user awareness about the environment. From one side, it has been focused on the study of the localization and mapping capabilities of multi-antenna systems based on 5G technologies considering different technological issues, as for example those related to the existing available massive arrays. From the other side, UWB-RFID systems relying on passive communication schemes have been investigated in terms of localization coverage and by developing different techniques to improve the accuracy even in presence of NLOS conditions.
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Books on the topic "Location awareness"

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Hazas, Mike, John Krumm, and Thomas Strang, eds. Location- and Context-Awareness. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752967.

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Hightower, Jeffrey, Bernt Schiele, and Thomas Strang, eds. Location- and Context-Awareness. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75160-1.

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Strang, Thomas, and Claudia Linnhoff-Popien, eds. Location- and Context-Awareness. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b136418.

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Choudhury, Tanzeem, Aaron Quigley, Thomas Strang, and Koji Suginuma, eds. Location and Context Awareness. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01721-6.

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Zheng, Yang, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Location, Localization, and Localizability: Location-awareness Technology for Wireless Networks. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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Liu, Yunhao. Location, localization, and localizability: Location-awareness technology for wireless networks. New York: Springer, 2014.

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Maze, T. H. Access management awareness program. Ames, Iowa (Iowa State University Research Park, 2675 N. Loop Dr., Suite 2100, Ames 50010-8615): Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, 1997.

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Facebook nation: Total information awareness. New York, N.Y: Springer, 2013.

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Jeffrey, Hightower, Schiele Bernt 1968-, and Strang Thomas 1972-, eds. Location- and context-awareness: Third international symposium, LoCA 2007, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, September 20-21, 2007 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Choudhury, Tanzeem, Thomas Strang, and Aaron Quigley. Location and Context Awareness. Springer, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Location awareness"

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Dawson, Catherine. "Location awareness and location tracking." In A–Z of Digital Research Methods, 181–87. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351044677-28.

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Kargl, Frank, and Alexander Bernauer. "The COMPASS Location System." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 105–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11426646_10.

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Huỳnh, Tâm, Ulf Blanke, and Bernt Schiele. "Scalable Recognition of Daily Activities with Wearable Sensors." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 50–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75160-1_4.

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Wren, Christopher R., Yuri A. Ivanov, Ishwinder Kaur, Darren Leigh, and Jonathan Westhues. "SocialMotion: Measuring the Hidden Social Life of a Building." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 85–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75160-1_6.

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Ye, Juan, Lorcan Coyle, Simon Dobson, and Paddy Nixon. "A Unified Semantics Space Model." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 103–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75160-1_7.

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Muller, Henk L., Michael McCarthy, and Cliff Randell. "Particle Filters for Position Sensing with Asynchronous Ultrasonic Beacons." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752967_1.

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Kern, Nicky, and Bernt Schiele. "Towards Personalized Mobile Interruptibility Estimation." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 134–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752967_10.

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Huỳnh, Tâm, and Bernt Schiele. "Unsupervised Discovery of Structure in Activity Data Using Multiple Eigenspaces." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 151–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752967_11.

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Wren, Christopher R., and Emmanuel Munguia Tapia. "Toward Scalable Activity Recognition for Sensor Networks." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 168–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752967_12.

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Patterson, Donald J., Xianghua Ding, and Nicholas Noack. "Nomatic: Location By, For, and Of Crowds." In Location- and Context-Awareness, 186–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752967_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Location awareness"

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Voong, Michael, and Russell Beale. "Representing Location in Location-based Social Awareness Systems." In People and Computers XXII Culture, Creativity, Interaction. BCS Learning & Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/hci2008.52.

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Iqbal, Rahat, Anne James, Witold Poreda, and John Black. "A multi-user location-awareness system." In 2010 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2010.5472001.

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Akgul, Ferit Ozan, and Kaveh Pahlavan. "Location awareness for everyday smart computing." In 2009 International Conference on Telecommunications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictel.2009.5158609.

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Voong, Michael. "Mobile Location-based Awareness and Connectedness." In People and Computers XXII Culture, Creativity, Interaction. BCS Learning & Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/hci2008.96.

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Gour, Rashmi, Nikhil Raut, and Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay. "Context-awareness and location-awareness for mobile users using multi-level location based time stamp key." In 2016 International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iota.2016.7562761.

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Melzer, James E., and Ashutosh Morde. "Location and head orientation tracking in GPS-denied environments." In Situation Awareness in Degraded Environments 2018, edited by John (Jack) N. Sanders-Reed and Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2304013.

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Kumar, Naveen. "Where are you? A location awareness system." In 2012 Fourth International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoac.2012.6416798.

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Panichcharoenrat, Tawan, and Wilaiporn Lee. "Hybrid location awareness in cognitive radio system." In 2014 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieecon.2014.6925839.

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Guo, Qing, Yi Huang, and Yin-Leng Theng. "Topic-Sensitive Location Recommendation with Spatial Awareness." In 2015 IEEE / WIC / ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2015.203.

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Kozlovszky, Miklos, Daniela Zavec Pavlinic, Andreja Oder, Gabor Feher, and Pal Bogdanov. "Situation and location awareness in harsh environment." In 2015 38th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mipro.2015.7160288.

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Reports on the topic "Location awareness"

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Tassiulas, L., and F. M. Anjum. Efficient Location Tracking of Mobile Nodes for Situation Awareness. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada439719.

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Tadros, Mariz, and Claire Thomas. Evidence Review: Religious Marginalities and COVID Vaccination - Access and Hesitancy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.033.

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Religious minority affiliation or status can play a very important role in influencing people's access to vaccines as well as their willingness to undergo vaccination. Many studies focus on class, ethnicity and geographic location when examining how social inequalities impact vaccination programmes. However, religious marginality is often overlooked. Here we explore how being situated on the margins, on account of religious affiliation, shapes experiences of vaccine access and uptake. The issues addressed are important for COVID-19 vaccination roll out, but also contain lessons for all vaccination programmes and many other preventative health measures. In this brief, we present key considerations for addressing differentials in access to and willingness to undergo vaccinations that are linked to religious minority status, experiences, authorities or doctrine. We explain why the study and awareness of religious marginality is crucial for the success of vaccination programmes broadly and specifically as they apply to COVID-19 vaccination. We also explore ways in which religious marginality intersects with other identity markers to influence individual and community access to vaccines. Finally, we examine vaccine hesitancy in relation to religious minorities and outline approaches to community health engagement that are socio-religiously sensitive, as well as practical, to enhance vaccination confidence.
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Tadros, Mariz, and Claire Thomas. Evidence Review: Religious Marginalities and COVID Vaccination - Access and Hesitancy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.043.

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Religious minority affiliation or status can play a very important role in influencing people's access to vaccines as well as their willingness to undergo vaccination. Many studies focus on class, ethnicity and geographic location when examining how social inequalities impact vaccination programmes. However, religious marginality is often overlooked. Here we explore how being situated on the margins, on account of religious affiliation, shapes experiences of vaccine access and uptake. The issues addressed are important for COVID-19 vaccination roll out, but also contain lessons for all vaccination programmes and many other preventative health measures. In this brief, we present key considerations for addressing differentials in access to and willingness to undergo vaccinations that are linked to religious minority status, experiences, authorities or doctrine. We explain why the study and awareness of religious marginality is crucial for the success of vaccination programmes broadly and specifically as they apply to COVID-19 vaccination. We also explore ways in which religious marginality intersects with other identity markers to influence individual and community access to vaccines. Finally, we examine vaccine hesitancy in relation to religious minorities and outline approaches to community health engagement that are socio-religiously sensitive, as well as practical, to enhance vaccination confidence.
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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.

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Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportation system to recruit, move, or transfer victims. This multi-method study investigates the role of transportation in combatting human trafficking in California by conducting a survey followed up with semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The expert input is supplemented with labor violations and transit accessibility analysis. Experts emphasize the importance of education, training, and awareness efforts combined with partnership, data, and analysis. Screening transportation industry personnel for human trafficking is another step that the industry can take to combat this issue. Particularly, sharing perpetrator information and transportation related trends among transportation modalities and local groups could help all anti-trafficking practitioners. In addition, the transportation industry can support the victims and survivors in their exit attempts and post/exit life. Examples of this support include serving as a safe haven, and providing transportation to essential services. Transportation should ensure that all of these efforts are survivor-centric, inclusive for all types of trafficking, and tailored to the needs of the modality, population, and location.
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5

Kendhammer, Brandon, and Wyatt Chandler. Locating the “Local” in Peacebuilding. RESOLVE Network, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/lpbi2021.1.

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Drawing on an extensive literature review and four case studies from leading examples of post-conflict local peacebuilding in sub-Saharan Africa, this report argues that the “local” in local peacebuilding is best defined as local knowledge of conflict drivers and dynamics and locally defined, contextually specific definitions of peace. This does not necessarily mean working through or empowering “traditional” actors and institutions (a highly contested category, in any case). Nor should it mean a narrow focus on subnational conflict drivers and peace actors to the detriment of assessing how national and international dynamics shape local peace challenges (and vice versa). International donors and peace actors are most successful when they operate with a keen awareness that all potential peacebuilding actors (national and local actors, but also external donors, "experts," and implementers) have their own agendas and that peacebuilding efforts that work at the sub-national level and engage local actors are not automatically endowed with legitimacy and community buy-in just because of their "localness." International actors must also be flexible and open to partnering with a wide range of local actors, including those that don’t meet preconceived international expectations about what an effective local partner looks like (often, old, male, and "traditional").
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Ruvinsky, Alicia, Timothy Garton, Daniel Chausse, Rajeev Agrawal, Harland Yu, and Ernest Miller. Accelerating the tactical decision process with High-Performance Computing (HPC) on the edge : motivation, framework, and use cases. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42169.

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Managing the ever-growing volume and velocity of data across the battlefield is a critical problem for warfighters. Solving this problem will require a fundamental change in how battlefield analyses are performed. A new approach to making decisions on the battlefield will eliminate data transport delays by moving the analytical capabilities closer to data sources. Decision cycles depend on the speed at which data can be captured and converted to actionable information for decision making. Real-time situational awareness is achieved by locating computational assets at the tactical edge. Accelerating the tactical decision process leverages capabilities in three technology areas: (1) High-Performance Computing (HPC), (2) Machine Learning (ML), and (3) Internet of Things (IoT). Exploiting these areas can reduce network traffic and shorten the time required to transform data into actionable information. Faster decision cycles may revolutionize battlefield operations. Presented is an overview of an artificial intelligence (AI) system design for near-real-time analytics in a tactical operational environment executing on co-located, mobile HPC hardware. The report contains the following sections, (1) an introduction describing motivation, background, and state of technology, (2) descriptions of tactical decision process leveraging HPC problem definition and use case, and (3) HPC tactical data analytics framework design enabling data to decisions.
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7

Sureshbabu, Keertana, Egbe-Etu Etu, Susan Summerville, Ankur Parmar, and Gaojian Huang. Exploring the Use of Public Transportation Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2204.

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Public transportation is an essential part of many older adults’ lives, but the pandemic presented new challenges for the vulnerable population. Adults aged 65 years and older experienced additional challenges, such as limited mobility options (e.g., lack of buses or trains in service due a combination of government lockdowns, fear of contracting or spreading the virus, and driver shortages in certain areas) because of the pandemic, which may have resulted in more age-related declines in perceptual, cognitive, and physical functioning. This study explores how older adults living in major metropolitan cities in the United States used and perceived public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team conducted an online survey through the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing marketplace, a platform that offers opportunities to recruit a larger number of participants from diverse geographic locations. 260 respondents completed the survey. Eligibility included: (1) residing in the United States, (2) being aged 55 years or older (the oldest age that can be selected on MTurk), and (3) having an approval rating of 90% or above (i.e., the percentage of the workers’ submitted tasks approved by survey requesters, offered by the MTurk platform). Overall, older adults reported that they had changed travel patterns since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced challenges in using public transportation, and expressed concerns about catching the SARS-CoV-2 virus while using public transportation. Mobile technology (e.g., a transportation navigation app) was perceived as a good option for finding public transportation information, but needs improved user experience and accessibility. These findings may help transit agencies develop effective strategies for improving transportation services and increasing policymakers’ awareness of older adults’ need for accessible public transportation.
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado, and Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.

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Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.
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