Academic literature on the topic 'Locally concentrated features'
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Journal articles on the topic "Locally concentrated features"
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Fainzilberg, Leonid S. "Diagnostics of Object State by Phase Trajectories of Observed Signals with Locally Concentrated Features." Journal of Automation and Information Sciences 36, no. 3 (2004): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v36.i3.50.
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Chen, Shu Wen, Guo Bin Zhao, Xiang Min Chen, and Hao Wang. "Analysis of Features and Causation of Rock Burst of Qirehataer Diversion Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1243.
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Rock burst will happened when the underground engineering is excavated in the hard and brittle rock mass because of high in situ stress or concentrated stress. The length of Qirehataer diversion tunnel is 15.639km,and the maximum over-depth is 1720m. With excavation of tunnel, lightly to moderate rock burst had taken place in 600m length about of tunnel, and moderate rock burst locally. The mainly lithology of tunnel is gneiss granite and the percent is 64.5%, uniaxial compressive strength of which is 63.5MPa so it should be classified hard rock. The maximum principle stress is 30MPa in the place of rock bust. This paper analysis engineering geology conditions of this area and the characters of rock burst, author concludes that posteriority and continuity for time and Traceability and continuity for place are different from others rock burst examples. The reason is that course of stress adjustment is continually and repetitive.
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Tajima, Yoshimitsu, and Shinji Sato. "LOCAL CONCENTRATION OF SLOWLY VARYING WAVE AND CURRENT FIELDS AROUND THE ABRUPTLY CHANGING BOTTOM SLOPES ALONG THE SHORE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.21.
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This study aims to investigate physical mechanisms of locally concentrated nearshore hydrodynamic forces under interactive fields of waves and currents on abruptly changing coastal bathymetry. Laboratory experiments were first performed to represent such phenomena and a newly developed monitoring system based on image processing techniques successfully captured the local concentrations of wave fields as quantitative high-resolution data sets. Numerical experiments were then performed to investigate the physical mechanisms of the observed features. It was found that, among the other various possible factors, slowly varying wave-induced nearshore currents have one of the most significant impacts on local concentrations of waves around the abruptly changing bathymetry.
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Tao, Jianfeng, Chengjin Qin, Weixing Li, and Chengliang Liu. "Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Diesel Engines via Extreme Gradient Boosting and High-Accuracy Time–Frequency Information of Vibration Signals." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 3280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153280.
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Accurate and timely misfire fault diagnosis is of vital significance for diesel engines. However, existing algorithms are prone to fall into model over-fitting and adopt low energy-concentrated features. This paper presents a novel extreme gradient boosting-based misfire fault diagnosis approach utilizing the high-accuracy time–frequency information of vibration signals. First, diesel engine misfire tests were conducted under different spindle speeds, and the corresponding vibration signals were acquired via a triaxial accelerometer. The time-domain features of signals were extracted by using a time-domain statistics method, while the high-accuracy time–frequency domain features were obtained via the high-resolution multisynchrosqueezing transform. Thereafter, considering the nonlinearity and high dimensionality of the original characteristic data sets, the locally linear embedding method was employed for feature dimensionality reduction. Eventually, to avoid model overfitting, the extreme gradient boosting algorithm was utilized for diesel engine misfire fault diagnosis. Experiments under different spindle speeds and comprehensive comparisons with other evaluation methods were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed extreme gradient boosting-based misfire diagnosis method. The results verify that the highest classification accuracy of the proposed extreme gradient boosting-based algorithm is up to 99.93%. Simultaneously, the classification accuracy of the presented approach is approximately 24.63% higher on average than those of algorithms that use wavelet packet-based features. Moreover, it is shown that it obtains the minimum root mean squared error and can effectively prevent the model from falling into overfitting.
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Girimaji, Satish Chandra. "Intellectual disability in India: the evolving patterns of care." International Psychiatry 8, no. 2 (May 2011): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600002393.
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Intellectual disability was recognised in ancient Indian literature, but organised services have a history of just five decades. India shares many features of low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries regarding intellectual disability. There is a low level of awareness about its nature, causes and interventions. One can come across many superstitions, myths and misconceptions about intellectual disability. In general, services are inadequate, being concentrated in big cities and urban areas. There is generally limited access to support services and few government benefits, and these, in any case, are often of little value (World Health Organization, 2007). Locally and nationally, there are few relevant and reliable epidemiological data on the prevalence of intellectual disability. However, there have been some positive developments within the past three decades, and they are the focus of this paper.
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Guo, Xiaoying, Liang Li, Akira Asano, and Chie Muraki Asano. "Influences of Global and Local Features on Eye-Movement Patterns in Visual-Similarity Perception of Synthesized Texture Images." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165552.
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Global and local features are essential for visual-similarity texture perception. Therefore, understanding how people allocate their visual attention when viewing textures with global or local similarity is important. In this work, we investigate the influences of global and local features of a texture on eye-movement patterns and analyze the relationship between eye-movement patterns and visual-similarity selection. First, we synthesized textures by separately controlling global and local textural features through the primitive, grain, and point configuration (PGPC) texture model, a mathematical morphology-based texture model. Second, we conducted an experiment to acquire eye-movement data where participants identified the texture that was highly similar to the standard texture. Experiment data were obtained through an eye-tracker from 60 participants. The collected eye-tracking data were analyzed in terms of three metrics, including total fixation duration in each region of interest (ROI), fixation-point variance in each ROI, and fixation-transfer counts between different ROIs. Analysis results indicated the following. (1) The global and local features of a texture influenced eye-movement patterns. In particular, the texture image that was globally similar to the standard texture contained dispersed fixation points. By contrast, the texture image that was locally similar to the standard texture contained concentrated fixation points. The domination of global and local features influenced the viewers’ similarity choice. (2) The final visual-similarity selection was related to the fixation-transfer count between different ROIs, but not to the fixation time in each ROI. This research also extends the applicability of the mathematical morphology-based texture model to human visual perception.
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Mitrasinovic, Petar M. "Acrylonitrile (AN)Cu9(100) interfaces: Electron distribution and nature of bonded interactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-043.
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There is a fundamental interest in the investigation of the interfacial interactions and charge migration processes between organic molecules and metallic surfaces from a theoretical standpoint. Quantum mechanical (QM) concepts of bonding are contrasted, and the vital importance of using combined QM methods to explore the nature of the interfacial interactions is established. At the one-electron level, the charge distribution and nature of bonded interactions at the ANCu9(100) (neutral and charged (1)) interfaces are investigated by both the Becke (B) Vosko (V) Wilk (W) Nusair (N)/DZVP density functional theory (DFT) method and the MP2/631+G* strategy within the conceptual framework provided by natural bond orbital (NBO) natural atomic orbital (NAO) population analysis and Atoms-In-Molecules (AIM) theory. By this approach, the interfacial interactions are given physical definitions free of any assumptions and are visualized by using the topological features of the total electron density. A natural link between the electron density on the one side and the shapes (not energies) of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) on the other side is clarified. The question of whether the spatial extents of the HOMO and LUMO resemble the corresponding spatial maps of the negative (charge locally concentrated) and positive (charge locally depleted) Laplacian of the total electron density in [ANCu9(100)]1 is addressed.Key words: ANCu9(100) interfaces, NBONAO population, electron distribution, AIM, bonded interactions.
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MacDonaldd, Eric, David Espalin, Slade Culp, and Ryan Wicker. "Multi3D Manufacturing: 3D Printing of Geometrically-Complex Aerospace Structures with Embedded Electronics." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 000301–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-ta31.
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Recent efforts have concentrated on 3D printing for use not only in creating conceptual models but functional end-use products as well and the expiration of many of the additive manufacturing process patents of the 1980s has led to lower cost systems in general. The freedom of 3D printing along with the change in economics is leading to the democratization of manufacturing, where products will soon be fabricated locally and with requirements specified individually by the end user. However, currently 3D printing is limited to single material fabrication and consequently can only create mechanical structures. For additively manufactured end-use products to be relevant, additional features will need to be incorporated into the complex structures in terms of electronic, electromechanical, electromagnetic and thermal composition. Recent research has been reported of embedding electronic components and electrical interconnect into 3D printed structures either by interrupting the process or by inserting the additional content after the structure has been built. However, only until recently with an investment from the presidential initiative on manufacturing � America Makes � has there been a focused research effort on technology that produces multi-functionality with enhanced 3D printing, where additional manufacturing technologies are leveraged. This presentation will describe the development and status of the Multi3D Manufacturing System underway at the University of Texas at El Paso.
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Reynolds, R. L., N. S. Fishman, and M. R. Hudson. "Sources of aeromagnetic anomalies over Cement oil field (Oklahoma), Simpson oil field (Alaska), and the Wyoming‐Idaho‐Utah thrust belt." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 5 (May 1991): 606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443077.
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Geochemical and rock magnetic studies, undertaken to determine the cause of magnetic anomalies over Cement oil field (Anadarko basin, Oklahoma), Simpson oil field (North Slope basin, Alaska), and the Wyoming‐Idaho‐Utah thrust belt, have revealed different magnetic sources developed under different sedimentologic, geochemical, and structural settings. At Cement, ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite ([Formula: see text]), typically intergrown with more abundant, nonmagnetic pyrite ([Formula: see text]), formed as a result of hydrocarbon seepage. Sulfur isotopic data indicate that sulfur in the Fe‐S minerals was probably derived from two different sources: (1) isotopically heavy, thermochemical [Formula: see text] in petroleum, and (2) isotopically light [Formula: see text] generated by sulfate‐reducing bacteria that derived metabolic energy from leaking hydrocarbons or organic compounds derived from hydrocarbons. Although pyrrhotite may make a minor contribution to the reported total magnetic field anomalies at Cement, the measured anomalies are probably mostly caused by man‐made features such as buried well casings and pipelines. Magnetite, found in well cuttings from Cement and previously considered the source of the anomalies, is contamination from drilling. At Simpson, ferrimagnetic greigite ([Formula: see text]) is concentrated locally in Upper Cretaceous beds. A preliminary geochemical study reveals a complicated picture in which early diagenetic chemical and mineralogic changes are variably overprinted by later epigenetic alterations, perhaps related to hydrocarbon seepage. The greigite probably formed at different times from sulfate reduction by bacteria that used either organic compounds derived from hydrocarbons or detrital organic matter, or both, as food sources. Magnetic‐property studies suggest the natural remanent magnetization of greigite‐bearing rocks may contribute to the magnetic anomalies. In the thrust belt, the Middle Jurassic Preuss Sandstone has magnetizations as much as 0.76 A/m (average 0.14 A/m) west of the Absaroka fault where aeromagnetic anomalies locally correspond to exposures of the Preuss and much lower magnetizations (average [Formula: see text]) east of the Absaroka fault. The magnetization is carried by rounded titanium‐bearing detrital magnetite, commonly concentrated along heavy‐mineral laminations. Carbon isotopic compositions of calcite cement (−2.4 to +1.5 per mil) reflect an absence of organic carbon in the calcite and thus suggest that hydrocarbon had no role in the preservation of the detrital magnetite. Our results show that abiologic and biologic mechanisms can generate different magnetic sulfide minerals in zones of sulfidic hydrocarbon seepage. More commonly, sulfidic seepage could either diminish magnetization by replacement of detrital magnetic minerals with nonmagnetic sulfide minerals, or it would have no effect on magnetization if such detrital minerals were originally absent. An important negative result is the absence of abundant secondary (diagenetic) magnetite in the seepage environments. Although secondary magnetite occurs in some biodegraded crude oils, concentrations of such magnetite capable of producing aeromagnetic anomalies have not been documented.
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Andrews-Speed, C. P. "The role of silica and iron oxide mobility in the formation of gold-bearing fluvial sediments in the Proterozoic Mporokoso Basin, northern Zambia." Geological Magazine 123, no. 2 (March 1986): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800029794.
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AbstractGold-bearing sandstone and conglomerate near the base of the Proterozoic Mporokoso Group were deposited in a braided river system. The detrital sand grade material is mainly of quartz, sericite and haematite, and the pebbles are of vein-quartz, chert, silicic volcanics, quartzose metasediment and jaspilite. The basement rocks presently exposed in the basement are silicic igneous rocks and quartzose metasediments.The petrography of the fluvial sediments suggests that silica and, to a lesser extent, iron oxide were mobile both in the source-area and in the braided river system. Evidence for silica-mobility includes jaspilite pebbles with spherulites and glaebules of chalcedony, abundant vein-quartz pebbles, intra-basinal sandstone pebbles, and the silicification of volcanic pebbles. The detrital haematite in the fluvial sandstone forms pseudomorphs after magmatic magnetite. Authigenic iron oxide occurs in several forms which suggest that iron oxide was mobile in the source-area and in the fluvial sediments. Uranium is locally abundant in basement and sedimentary rocks, cassiterite is a common heavy mineral in the fluvial sediments, and fluorite has been found in the basement.These features may be explained by intense weathering which mobilized both silica and iron. The silica was concentrated near the surface to form silcretes in the basement and later in the overlying fluvial sediments. Hydrothermal convection cells driven by the granites may have carried silica, iron, tin, fluorine and uranium towards the surface before and during the erosion of the igneous basement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Locally concentrated features"
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Філатова, Ганна Євгенівна. "Методи та засоби підтримки прийняття рішень в біомедичних системах на основі морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів та зображень." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/32462.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.17 – біологічні та медичні прилади i системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми розвитку теоретичних основ і засобів підтримки прийняття рішень при проектуванні біомедичних систем на основі морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів та зображень з локально зосередженими ознаками з використанням узгодженої морфологічної фільтрації, яка враховує в явному або неявному вигляді моделі корисних одновимірних і двовимірних сигналів. Розроблено узагальнену модель процесу інструментального обстеження пацієнта у вигляді сукупності функціональної, інформаційної, структурної і математичної моделей. Розроблено півтоновий морфологічний фільтр на основі локальних статистик, який в неявному вигляді враховує модель корисного двовимірного сигналу. Розроблений узагальнений метод морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів з локально зосередженими ознаками за допомогою багатоканального узгодженого морфологічного фільтра. Розроблено критерій оцінки якості методу морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів з локально зосередженими ознаками на основі синтезованого багатоканального узгодженого морфологічного фільтра. Розроблена система альтернативних діагностичних ознак при морфологічному аналізі біомедичних сигналів з локально зосередженими ознаками, що враховує модель корисного одновимірного сигналу і властивості функції виявлення узгодженого морфологічного фільтра. Розроблена математична модель цифрового рентгенівського зображення, що враховує особливості візуалізації біологічних об'єктів і їх структурних елементів. Розроблений метод підвищення якості візуалізації біологічних об'єктів на рентгенівських зображеннях широкого класу на основі морфологічного аналізу біомедичних зображень з локально зосередженими ознаками. Розроблений об'єктивний інтегральний критерій оцінки якості візуалізації біологічних об'єктів та їх структурних елементів на медичних слабоконтрастних півтонових рентгенологічних зображеннях. Розроблена структура узагальненої біомедичної системи підтримки прийняття рішень, а також програмне забезпечення модулів морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів та зображень з локально зосередженими ознаками. Виконано перевірку адекватності розроблених методів морфологічного аналізу при обробці реальних біомедичних сигналів та зображень.Dissertation for the doctor degree in the technical sciences area for specialty 05.11.17 – Biological and Medical Devices and Systems. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and applied problem of the development of theoretical foundations and decision support means in the design of biomedical systems based on the morphological analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features using consistent morphological filtering that takes into account explicitly or implicitly models of useful one- and twodimensional signals. The generalized model of the instrumental examination process of the patient as a set of functional, informational, structural and mathematical models was developed. The halftone morphological filter on the basis of local statistics which implicitly takes into account the model of a useful two-dimensional signal was developed. The generalized method for the morphological analysis of biomedical signals with locally concentrated features using a multichannel matched morphological filter was developed. The criterion for evaluating the quality of the morphological analysis method of biomedical signals with locally concentrated features on the basis of a synthesized multichannel matched morphological filter was developed. The system of alternative diagnostic features in the morphological analysis of biomedical signals with locally concentrated features taking into account the model of a useful one-dimensional signal and the properties of the detecting function of matched morphological filter was developed. The mathematical model of a digital X-ray image that takes into account the visualization features of biological objects and their structural elements was developed. The method for improving the quality of visualization of biological objects on X-ray images of a wide class was developed on the basis of the morphological analysis of biomedical images with locally concentrated features. The objective integral criterion for assessing the quality of visualization of biological objects and their structural elements on medical lowcontrast halftone X-ray images was developed. The structure of the generalized biomedical decision support system as well as the software for modules of morphological analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features were developed. The adequacy of the developed methods of morphological analysis in the processing of real biomedical signals and images was checked.
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Філатова, Ганна Євгенівна. "Методи та засоби підтримки прийняття рішень в біомедичних системах на основі морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів та зображень." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/32456.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.17 – біологічні та медичні прилади i системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми розвитку теоретичних основ і засобів підтримки прийняття рішень при проектуванні біомедичних систем на основі морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів та зображень з локально зосередженими ознаками з використанням узгодженої морфологічної фільтрації, яка враховує в явному або неявному вигляді моделі корисних одновимірних і двовимірних сигналів. Розроблено узагальнену модель процесу інструментального обстеження пацієнта у вигляді сукупності функціональної, інформаційної, структурної і математичної моделей. Розроблено півтоновий морфологічний фільтр на основі локальних статистик, який в неявному вигляді враховує модель корисного двовимірного сигналу. Розроблений узагальнений метод морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів з локально зосередженими ознаками за допомогою багатоканального узгодженого морфологічного фільтра. Розроблено критерій оцінки якості методу морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів з локально зосередженими ознаками на основі синтезованого багатоканального узгодженого морфологічного фільтра. Розроблена система альтернативних діагностичних ознак при морфологічному аналізі біомедичних сигналів з локально зосередженими ознаками, що враховує модель корисного одновимірного сигналу і властивості функції виявлення узгодженого морфологічного фільтра. Розроблена математична модель цифрового рентгенівського зображення, що враховує особливості візуалізації біологічних об'єктів і їх структурних елементів. Розроблений метод підвищення якості візуалізації біологічних об'єктів на рентгенівських зображеннях широкого класу на основі морфологічного аналізу біомедичних зображень з локально зосередженими ознаками. Розроблений об'єктивний інтегральний критерій оцінки якості візуалізації біологічних об'єктів та їх структурних елементів на медичних слабоконтрастних півтонових рентгенологічних зображеннях. Розроблена структура узагальненої біомедичної системи підтримки прийняття рішень, а також програмне забезпечення модулів морфологічного аналізу біомедичних сигналів та зображень з локально зосередженими ознаками. Виконано перевірку адекватності розроблених методів морфологічного аналізу при обробці реальних біомедичних сигналів та зображень.Dissertation for the doctor degree in the technical sciences area for specialty 05.11.17 – Biological and Medical Devices and Systems. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and applied problem of the development of theoretical foundations and decision support means in the design of biomedical systems based on the morphological analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features using consistent morphological filtering that takes into account explicitly or implicitly models of useful one- and twodimensional signals. The generalized model of the instrumental examination process of the patient as a set of functional, informational, structural and mathematical models was developed. The halftone morphological filter on the basis of local statistics which implicitly takes into account the model of a useful two-dimensional signal was developed. The generalized method for the morphological analysis of biomedical signals with locally concentrated features using a multichannel matched morphological filter was developed. The criterion for evaluating the quality of the morphological analysis method of biomedical signals with locally concentrated features on the basis of a synthesized multichannel matched morphological filter was developed. The system of alternative diagnostic features in the morphological analysis of biomedical signals with locally concentrated features taking into account the model of a useful one-dimensional signal and the properties of the detecting function of matched morphological filter was developed. The mathematical model of a digital X-ray image that takes into account the visualization features of biological objects and their structural elements was developed. The method for improving the quality of visualization of biological objects on X-ray images of a wide class was developed on the basis of the morphological analysis of biomedical images with locally concentrated features. The objective integral criterion for assessing the quality of visualization of biological objects and their structural elements on medical lowcontrast halftone X-ray images was developed. The structure of the generalized biomedical decision support system as well as the software for modules of morphological analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features were developed. The adequacy of the developed methods of morphological analysis in the processing of real biomedical signals and images was checked.
Book chapters on the topic "Locally concentrated features"
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Martin, Randall. "Localism, Deforestation, and Environmental Activism in The Merry Wives of Windsor." In Shakespeare and Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199567027.003.0006.
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Poisoned towns and rivers, species extinctions, and now climate change have confirmed many times over how modern dreams of limitless growth combined with relentless technological exploitation have compromised planetary life at every level. In response to such degradation, the integrity of local place has been a major orientation for environmental ethics and criticism. The origins of localism are conventionally traced to late-eighteenth-and nineteenth-century critiques of urban industrialization, and Romanticism’s corresponding veneration for rural authenticity and wilderness spaces. Mid-twentieth-century environmentalism revived this ‘ethic of proximity’ in denouncing the release of pollutants and carcinogens into local soils, waters, and atmospheres by civil offshoots of military manufacturing and industrial agriculture. Those releases did not stay local, but soon penetrated regional water systems and wind patterns to become worldwide problems. Such networks of devastation continue to grow, especially in developing countries eager to mimic the worst aspects of Western consumer culture. In response to these developments, ecotheorists have partially revised locally focused models of environmental protection. Planetary threats such as rising global temperatures, melting polar ice sheets, and more intense storms have made it imperative to update the famous Sierra Club slogan and to act globally as well as locally. Localism has also been reshaped by conservation biology’s new recognition that geophysical disturbances and organic change are structural features of all healthy ecosystems. Within these more complicated ecological paradigms, the cultivation of relatively balanced and genuinely sustainable local relationships nonetheless remains an important conservationist worldview. In early modern England it was the leading life experience out of which responses to new environmental dangers were conceived. In this chapter I shall discuss Shakespeare’s representations of one of the three most significant of these threats—deforestation—in The Merry Wives of Windsor. (The other two, exploitative land-uses and gunpowder militarization, will be the subjects of Chapters 2 and 3 respectively). Early modern English writers and governments treated deforestation as a national problem, even though its impacts were concentrated mainly in the Midlands and the south-east.
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Das Bhattacharjee, Anindita. "Feature Extraction." In Intelligent Analysis of Multimedia Information, 48–105. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0498-6.ch003.
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Accessibility problem is relevant for audiovisual information, where enormous data has to be explored and processed. Most of the solutions for this specific type of problems point towards a regular need of extracting applicable information features for a given content domain. And feature extraction process deals with two complicated tasks first deciding and then extracting. There are certain properties expected from good features-Repeatability, Distinctiveness, Locality, Quantity, Accuracy, Efficiency, and Invariance. Different feature extraction techniques are described. The chapter concentrates of taking a survey on the topic of Feature extraction and Image formation. Here both image and video are considered to have their feature extracted. In machine learning, pattern recognition and in image processing has significant contribution. The feature extraction is one of the common mechanisms involved in these two techniques. Extracting feature initiates from an initial data set of measured data and constructs derived informative values which are non redundant in nature.
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Zimring, Franklin E. "Why the Prison-Boom Generation?" In The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration, 44–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197513170.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the issue of what aspects of criminal law and policy had such concentrated impact in the generation after 1970, when prison populations multiplied. There were no aspects of substantive law that seem to explain the pattern, but two operational features and incentives in state and local criminal process might have jointly sparked the explosion. The focus of prosecutors on statistics on convictions and punishments as measures of their adversarial effectiveness started in the 1970s. This focus appears to have combined with the perverse “free lunch” feature of state governments in which county governments, which have most of the power to determine prison terms, pay none of the costs of imprisonment. The reporting systems increased the desire for more substantial punishment, and the total lack of cost to local government inhibited restraint in penal growth.
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Clarke, Colin. "Decolonization and the Politics of National Culture." In Decolonizing the Colonial City. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199269815.003.0016.
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The focus in this chapter shifts from the ghetto, politics, and violence in downtown Kingston (Ch. 5 and 6) to concentrate on the development of the plastic and performing arts during the last four decades of Jamaica’s decolonization and the first four decades after independence. Inevitably, it also concentrates on the experience and achievements of two generations of Jamaicans, who, with the help of a handful of Britishers during the 1920s and 1930s, laid the foundations for the flourishing of creole culture (the culture of the brown and black population) as national culture after 1962. However many of the themes that have previously been investigated— colonialism, race, pluralism, class, the ghetto, and politics resurface in this chapter and are bound into the argument. The chapter opens with a brief account of the late-colonial need to forge a national identity in Jamaica instead of relying on the imitative provincialism of white colonial culture. It then looks at the cultural complexity of Kingston, drawing brief attention to distinctions in family, religion, education, and especially language between the three principal social strata, in the lower two of which the modern arts movement has been embedded. The focus is subsequently placed on the plastic arts—sculpture, wood carving, pottery, and painting; poetry, and the novel; pantomime, dance, and plays. The final section concentrates on popular music and the creative role of the Rastafari movement in the development and diffusion of reggae, one of the quintessential expressions of Jamaican national culture. Here low-status black culture has been not only a national unifying focus for all (or almost all) sections of society, but also a vehicle for projecting a Jamaican black identity on to the international stage. However, reggae has been partially eclipsed by dance-hall (and slackness), and this has introduced renewed tensions between uptown and downtown. A major feature of Jamaican national culture (as it emerged around independence) is that it is creole, or local to Jamaica. However, it is also a plural culture, in that virtually all branches of the arts are divided into tutored and untutored versions: Cooper (1993) uses the terms ‘book’ and ‘long head’, reflecting the involvement of the middle and lower strata, respectively.
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Santy, Raeni Dwi, and Refi Mayasari Buhari. "Economic Impact and Current Results of Urbanization." In E-Planning and Collaboration, 996–1013. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5646-6.ch047.
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The growth of the urban population in Indonesia is commonly fast due to permanently inclinig urbanization flows. This chapter considers the most important factors of Indonesian urbanization and its positive and negative effects in current conditions to discover directions for modernization of the governmental role in regulation and control of urbanization processes. Special issues of this chapter are concentrated around the problem of urbanization's role in development of Indonesia (national and regional level), national labor and internal migration policy, and niveling disbalance between urban and rural areas. Finally, this chapter includes special conclusions and reccommendations for modernization of national and regonal programs oriented to optimise internal conditions of urbanization development in Indonesia that are based on the best achievements of international experience and use local Indonesian features of urbanization.
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Santy, Raeni Dwi, and Refi Mayasari Buhari. "Economic Impact and Current Results of Urbanization." In Urbanization and Migration as Factors Affecting Global Economic Development, 130–47. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7328-1.ch008.
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The growth of the urban population in Indonesia is commonly fast due to permanently inclinig urbanization flows. This chapter considers the most important factors of Indonesian urbanization and its positive and negative effects in current conditions to discover directions for modernization of the governmental role in regulation and control of urbanization processes. Special issues of this chapter are concentrated around the problem of urbanization's role in development of Indonesia (national and regional level), national labor and internal migration policy, and niveling disbalance between urban and rural areas. Finally, this chapter includes special conclusions and reccommendations for modernization of national and regonal programs oriented to optimise internal conditions of urbanization development in Indonesia that are based on the best achievements of international experience and use local Indonesian features of urbanization.
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Saraceno, Chiara, David Benassi, and Enrica Morlicchio. "Urban poverty in Italy." In Poverty in Italy, 88–112. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352211.003.0006.
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The chapter describes the incidence and features of poverty in the ten largest Italian cities. Exploiting the bulk of existing research, the chapter discusses how poverty is produced in each city, stressing the connection between the social organization of the urban life – including the economy, the social dynamics, the social fabric, the local politics – and the triggering of individual and household trajectories of impoverishment. Following an analysis based on maps that show how the disadvantaged population is more or less concentrated is some areas of each city, the situation of the three largest ones – Milan, Naples and Rome – is described in more detail. These three cities are very different from each other: Milan is the wealthiest city of the country, and here poverty transforms typically in social exclusion, while Naples is the ideal-typical case of Mediterranean city with a large diffusion of “integrated poverty”, but also of disqualified poverty and urban segregation. Rome is an immense territory with large dispersed and often isolated peripheries (the so-called borgate) where a highly vulnerable and variegated population live often in conflict with each other.
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Pedrycz, Witold. "Granular Computing and Human-Centricity in Computational Intelligence." In Machine Learning, 1721–35. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.ch702.
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Information granules and ensuing Granular Computing offer interesting opportunities to endow processing with an important facet of human-centricity. This facet implies that the underlying processing supports non-numeric data inherently associated with the variable perception of humans. Systems that commonly become distributed and hierarchical, managing granular information in hierarchical and distributed architectures, is of growing interest, especially when invoking mechanisms of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing. The outstanding feature of human centricity of Granular Computing along with essential fuzzy set-based constructs constitutes the crux of this study. The author elaborates on some new directions of knowledge elicitation and quantification realized in the setting of fuzzy sets. With this regard, the paper concentrates on knowledge-based clustering. It is also emphasized that collaboration and reconciliation of locally available knowledge give rise to the concept of higher type information granules. Other interesting directions enhancing human centricity of computing with fuzzy sets deals with non-numeric semi-qualitative characterization of information granules, as well as inherent evolving capabilities of associated human-centric systems. The author discusses a suite of algorithms facilitating a qualitative assessment of fuzzy sets, formulates a series of associated optimization tasks guided by well-formulated performance indexes, and discusses the underlying essence of resulting solutions.
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Pchelovodova, Irina, and Nikolai Anisimov. "An Udmurt Exceptional Performer, Dzhakapay." In Sator, 439–68. ELM Scholarly Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/sator.2021.22.16.
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This article concentrates on the phenomenon of the individual in the ethnic culture of the Udmurt, bearing in mind that this has never been attempted before. This is a proper framework to analyse Ol’ga Solov’yova’s (1932–2018) personality, who was famous among the people as Dzhaky / Dzhakapay / Dzhaky apay (lit: Aunt Jay). A whole range of reasons justifies scientific interest in her: her huge repertoire of songs and rituals, her ability to improvise freely within her local tradition, her unique musical and auditory skills. The analysis of Dzhakapay’s character allows us to connect the songs of her repertoire and her fate. Many non-ritual songs are in fact autobiographical narratives, dedicated to reflexions on an unhappy fate, on being an orphan. A considerable number of songs in her repertoire belong to the category of so-called personal songs (in Russian: imennyye pesni, ‘name songs’), which represent a kind of personal memoire in musical form. Another unique feature of this performer’s art is her knowledge of songs from neighbouring villages in their original language (Russian, Mari, Tatar) and their translation into Udmurt. Her knowledge of the local traditional rituals made her very important to the local community, in which she was deeply respected. Until the last day of her life, she followed the ontological positions, the rules of behaviour, the canons of ritual and singing performance elaborated by tradition, and attempted to instil them into the people surrounding her. This awakened her genuine interest in the social and scientific milieu. And today, when she is no longer among us, her name is attached to many very different projects.
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Ling, Roger, Paul Arthur, Georgia Clarke, Estelle Lazer, Lesley A. Ling, Peter Rush, and Andrew Waters. "Introduction." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii: Volume 1: The Structures. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198134091.003.0007.
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The present volume is the first of three which will together provide an in-depth analysis of one city block at Pompeii: the so-called Insula del Menandro (Insula of the Menander) (Pompeii I 10). It will concentrate on the architecture and structural history of the insula, while the second and third volumes will deal respectively with interior decoration and with loose finds. Each will be used, in its different way, to shed light on the social history of the insula and of Pompeii in general. Behind this publication lies a long-term programme of recording and documentation going back to the 1970s, the primary objective of which has been the production of an archive, consisting primarily of drawings at 1:5 of the surviving wall-paintings, and plans, sections, and elevations at 1:50 of the visible architecture. These are supplemented by photographs in black and white and in colour, and by drawings of selected pavements and certain architectural details at 1:10. In addition there are pro forma sheets providing a detailed record, room by room, of all architectural and decorative features. Copies of this archive will ultimately be deposited in the Archaeological Superintendency at Pompeii, in the British School at Rome, and in the University of Manchester. This project, carried out by a team from Britain, fits in with the general policy of the Pompeian authorities since the late 1970s to improve the documentation of the site. There have been a number of programmes of recording during this period, most importantly a series of photographic campaigns mounted by the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione to record the surviving paintings and pavements and, more recently, a massive computerization project called Neapolis which has Involved specialists in various disciplines (archaeology, cartography, architecture, art history, and anthropology) and has aimed to produce an electronic archive permitting access to almost any piece of information, visual or written, about the city. The Importance of recording, in whatever form, is all too apparent. Despite the best efforts of the local authorities, the fabric of the city is steadily deteriorating: weathering, plant infestation, vandalism, and theft all take their toll.
Conference papers on the topic "Locally concentrated features"
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Povoroznyuk, Anatoliy, Anna E. Filatova, Róza Dzierzak, and Ulzhalgas Zhunissova. "The visualization quality improvement method of x-ray images with locally concentrated features (IMRI-method)." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2019, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Maciej Linczuk. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2536817.
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Wen, Jing Heng, and Michael J. Neely. "Optimization of Heat-Sink Fin Features by FEA Simulation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63529.
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Heat sinks are frequently used when heat exchange is required for electric circuits. In cases where the heat generation is evenly distributed, the height and spacing of fins are uniform. However, when heat generation is locally concentrated, uniform fin distribution is not the most efficient design. The original battery-charger heat-sink for a particular model of electric golf car featured a uniform fin design that had been in use for a long time. When re-tooling was required, the design team decided to investigate the heat-sink design for potential improvement. The project began by analyzing the heat-flow distribution of the baseline design. It was found that approximately 70% of the total heat flow was concentrated at a local area. The efficiency of the heat sink was based on material thermal property, fin height, fin spacing and etc. ANSYS thermal and structure were used to optimize these features. In order to understand how fin height and spacing influenced heat exchange, a three-step optimization process was used, including fin spacing optimization, fin height optimization and a combining analysis. The working environment was assumed to be non-forced convective cooling. The final design featured a highly non-uniform fin distribution that improved heat exchange by approximately 10% with a material reduction of about 15% compared with the baseline design. A US patent is pending for the improved heat-sink design.
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Liu, Dongnan, Donghao Zhang, Yang Song, Chaoyi Zhang, Fan Zhang, Lauren O'Donnell, and Weidong Cai. "Nuclei Segmentation via a Deep Panoptic Model with Semantic Feature Fusion." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/121.
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Automated detection and segmentation of individual nuclei in histopathology images is important for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Due to the high variability of nuclei appearances and numerous overlapping objects, this task still remains challenging. Deep learning based semantic and instance segmentation models have been proposed to address the challenges, but these methods tend to concentrate on either the global or local features and hence still suffer from information loss. In this work, we propose a panoptic segmentation model which incorporates an auxiliary semantic segmentation branch with the instance branch to integrate global and local features. Furthermore, we design a feature map fusion mechanism in the instance branch and a new mask generator to prevent information loss. Experimental results on three different histopathology datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art nuclei segmentation methods and popular semantic and instance segmentation models by a large margin.
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Trinkle, Chris A., Phil Smith, R. Ryan Vallance, Basil T. Wong, and M. Pinar Mengu¨c¸. "Thermal Finite Difference Analysis of Threshold Heating for Nanoscale Machining." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39377.
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We are investigating a new manufacturing process utilizing Threshold Heating and Emission from Nanotubes (THEN) to remove clusters of atoms from workpiece surfaces. A pulsed laser will locally heat a workpiece to the threshold temperature, and then electrons emitted from nanotube tips will create nanoscale features within the heated zone. This paper concentrates on modeling the temperature distribution in the workpiece caused by radiation and conduction transfer. Our finite difference model considers a Gaussian laser beam radiating through a transparent substrate onto a metallic workpiece layer. The finite difference model will eventually be integrated with thermal models of electron emission and absorption to achieve a complete model of the THEN process.
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Choi, Kyungsik, Seong-Yeob Jeong, and Jong-Ho Nam. "Ice Load Prediction Formulas for Icebreaking Cargo Vessels." In SNAME 8th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-162.
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The ice load prediction for the icebreaking cargo vessels is discussed. Ice load includes the global ice loads and local ice pressures on the hull of the icebreaking vessels. The extreme ice loads are expected from large ice features and these loads are most likely to be concentrated at the bow area of a ship. The available ice load data from model tests and also from full-scale sea trials are collected and analyzed in the same format according to various ship-ice interaction processes. The ice load prediction formulas are compared with the measured data. Based on collected test data, semi-empirical ice load prediction formulas are recommended for large sized icebreaking cargo vessels.
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Ilieva, Elena. "AIRBNB: STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECT IN THE RECEPTIVE DESTINATION." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.196.
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The study aims to reveal the most current economic impact of shared accommodation on the economy of the receptive destination - at national and local level. As the biggest representative of peer-to-peer accommodation worldwide, Airbnb is the subject of the current research. Therefore, the business model of Airbnb is shortly examined and the specific distinctions of the company are presented. The data, used for the economic impact analysis, is officially published from Airbnb studies in national and local economies of various tourist destinations. The main conclusion is that there is a huge economic impact of Airbnb, especially in Europe and USA, and the perspective is for further growth. One of the most important features of Airbnb is the ability to spread the economic impact in tourism less developed destinations and to concentrate the benefits in the local economy.
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Yu, Tung-Ting, Yuh-Min Chen, R. Allen Miller, Gary L. Kinzel, and Taylan Altan. "A Framework for Sheet Metal Part Design and Manufacturing Assessment." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0007.
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Abstract In this paper, the framework for a sheet metal part design and manufacturing assessment environment is presented. Based on an investigation of the characteristics of sheet metal part design, form feature methodology is employed to facilitate design and provide information for assessment. The tasks, rules, and the significant items for manufacturing assessment are identified and formalized into a knowledge base with object-oriented techniques. The knowledge base is used for design assessment including evaluation for compatibility with press-working processes, modification of preliminary designs into better ones given cost considerations, and evaluation to avoid defects and failures. To support on-line design evaluations, a part model is constructed by extracting the required feature and connectivity data from a CAD database. The research is concentrated on box-type sheet metal parts primarily made by cutting (e.g., shearing, blanking, punching, etc.), bending, flanging, and local stretching. These parts are produced by both stampers and fabricators.
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Ricci, Martina, Roberto Pacciani, Michele Marconcini, Paolo Macelloni, Stefano Cecchi, and Claudio Bettini. "CFD-Based Throughflow Analysis of Transonic Flows in Steam Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90851.
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Abstract A CFD-based throughflow solver is applied to the meridional analysis of low-pressure steam turbine modules. The throughflow code inherits its numerical scheme from a state-of-the-art CFD solver (TRAF code) and incorporates real gas capabilities, three-dimensional flow features and spanwise mixing models. Secondary flow effects are introduced via a concentrated vortex model. Tip gap and shroud leakage effects are modelled in terms of source vectors in the system of governing equations. The impact of part-span shrouds and snubbers are accounted for, on a local basis, through suitable body force fields. The AUSM+-up upwind strategy has been adopted as a basis to construct a numerical flux scheme explicitly suited for throughflow applications. The original formulation has been adapted to handle real gas flows and to embed the treatment of body force fields in a fully consistent framework. The capability of the procedure is assessed by analysing the low-pressure modules of two large steam turbines designed and manufactured by Ansaldo Energia. These 3-stage modules include rotor tip shrouds and part-span snubbers, and feature supersonic flow and large blade twist. Throughflow predictions in terms of main performance figures and radial distributions of flow quantities are compared to experimental data and 3D steady viscous analyses. It will be shown how the proposed CFD-based throughflow model can be fruitfully used in the early stages of the design as it delivers predictions of comparable accuracy with 3D CFD analyses at a fraction of the computational time.
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Wolf, Hannes, Matthias Franke, Alexander Halcoussis, Christophe Kleinclaus, and Sébastien Gautier. "Investigation of Penny Leakage Flows of Variable Guide Vanes in High Pressure Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56327.
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In this paper, the modelling of leakages through a compressor stator penny cavity, and their effect on the aerodynamics within the compressor are studied. The penny, sometimes also referred to as ‘button’, is the cylindrical platform feature of a variable stator normally found between a vane’s airfoil and spindle. The pennies nominally lie recessed into the compressor endwalls at hub and casing, with a surrounding clearance to ensure the vane’s stagger angle can be adjusted. RANS-simulations, with these clearances included, have shown a significant impact from the penny cavity leakages on compressor efficiency and surge line. Neglecting this secondary flow path through the penny cavities results in an under prediction of the losses close to the endwalls. The prediction of the penny cavity effect on the stator row is based on a Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) study, using a hybrid structured-unstructured mesh to provide adequate resolution of the local flow phenomena. The complex geometry and pressure field result in flows that are unevenly distributed within the penny cavity. The outflow or leakage is focused in a concentrated area leading to a high local velocity that strongly impacts the stator losses and turning. Since such geometries lie beyond the normal validated cases, the modelling uncertainties are discussed and the plausibility of the results is checked. In order to provide an experimental database and validate the turbulent mixing of leakage and main flow, which is seen as the main contributor to loss production, a validation test case — ‘Jet-In-Crossflow’ was chosen. As well as the standard RANS code, this validation case was run as a time-accurate high-order Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) simulation (PowerFLOW), using Very-Large-Eddy-Simulation (VLES) turbulence modelling. The LBM simulation showed significant unsteady flow features and was considerably closer to the test data than the RANS calculations. A future test campaign, currently being prepared at the annular cascade test facility of the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery (IST) at RWTH Aachen university, will be briefly presented. This focuses on investigating the penny flows in a typical engine design.
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Thatte, Azam, and Voramon Dheeradhada. "Coupled Physics Performance Predictions and Risk Assessment for Dry Gas Seal Operating in MW-Scale Supercritical CO2 Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57670.
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U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has recently sponsored research programs to develop megawatt scale supercritical CO2 (sCO2) turbine for use in concentrated solar power (CSP) and fossil based applications. To achieve the CSP goal of power at $0.06/kW-hr LCOE and energy conversion efficiency > 50%, the sCO2 turbine relies critically on extremely low leakage film riding seals like dry gas seal (DGS). Although DGS technology has been used in other applications before. making it successful for stringent conditions of an sCO2 turbo-expander is challenging. This paper presents results from a multi-scale coupled physics model that predicts the performance of DGS under a typical sCO2 turbine mission cycle and addresses some of the risks specific to operation in sCO2. Real gas equations of state are incorporated in the models to capture large discontinuities in fluid properties close to the critical point. A novel experimental setup is developed to observe and characterize transition of CO2 through liquid-vapor and supercritical phases. Coupled fluid-structure-thermal interaction model investigates the effect of aerodynamic and thermal perturbations on the structural and rotordynamic instabilities. Dynamic instabilities arising from sonic transition in thin sCO2 film of DGS pose additional challenges while the large surface roughness changes due to sCO2 corrosion warrant further design considerations. Effectiveness of features like spiral grooves in converting fluid momentum into pressure rise in the thin film and also in achieving local flow reversals is investigated. Effect of various design features on the optimal performance is quantified and insights for a successful DGS operation in a sCO2 turbomachine are provided.