Journal articles on the topic 'Localized thermal comfort'
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Brajkovic, Dragan, Michel B. Ducharme, and John Frim. "Influence of localized auxiliary heating on hand comfort during cold exposure." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 2054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2054.
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There is a need for a hand-heating system that will keep the hands warm during cold exposure without hampering finger dexterity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of torso heating on the vasodilative responses and comfort levels of cooled extremities during a 3-h exposure to −15°C air. Subjects were insulated, but their upper extremities were left exposed to the cold ambient air. The effect of heating the torso [torso-heating test (THT)] on hand comfort was compared with a control condition in which no torso heating was applied, but Arctic mitts were worn [control test (CT)]. The results indicate that mean finger temperature, mean finger blood flow, mean toe temperature, mean body skin temperature, body thermal comfort, mean finger thermal comfort, and rate of body heat storage were all significantly ( P< 0.05) higher on average ( n = 6) during THT. Mean body heat flow was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower during THT. There were no significant differences ( P ≥ 0.05) in rectal temperature between CT and THT. Mean unheated body skin temperature and mean unheated body heat flow (both of which did not include the torso area in the calculation of mean body skin temperature and mean body heat flow) were also calculated. There were no significant differences ( P ≥ 0.05) in mean unheated body skin temperature and mean unheated body heat flow between CT and THT. It is concluded that the application of heat to the torso can maintain finger and toe comfort for an extended period of time during cold exposure.
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Conceição, Eusébio, Ma Inês Conceição, João Gomes, Manuela Lúcio, and Hazim Awbi. "Influence of the Ceiling Mounted Localized Air Distribution System Performance in the Human Body." E3S Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236214002.
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This work presents a numerical study of the influence of the ceiling mounted localized air distribution system performance in the human thermal behavior. In his study a coupling of the Computational Fluids Dynamics and the Human Thermal Modelling is used to evaluate the thermal comfort, the indoor air quality and the Draught Risk. The input data, of the coupling numerical models, are evaluated in the Building Dynamics Modelling. The virtual chamber geometry is generated using the Computational Aided Design system and the occupants’ geometry is generated using empirical equations, based on occupant height and weight. The ADI (Air Distribution Index) and the ADTI (Air Distribution Turbulence Index), used to evaluate the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning system performance, depends of the thermal comfort level, the indoor air quality level, the Draught Risk level, the effectiveness for heat removal, the effectiveness for contaminant removal and the effectiveness for airflow removal. The study is made in a virtual chamber occupied by twelve virtual manikins and equipped with twelve seats, six desks and with a ceiling mounted localized air distribution system. The ceiling mounted localized air distribution system is equipped with an inlet system and an extraction system located above the head level.
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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, Maria Manuela Lúcio, and Hazim Awbi. "Energy Production of Solar DSF for Ceiling-Mounted Localized Air Distribution Systems in a Virtual Classroom." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040495.
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This paper presents an application of energy production in a solar Double Skin Facade (DSF) used in a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system for a ceiling-mounted localized air distribution systems in a virtual classroom. In this numerical work, a virtual classroom, an inlet ceiling-mounted localized air distribution system, an exhaust ventilation system, and a DSF system are considered. The numerical simulations consider an integral building thermal response (BTR) and a coupling of an integral human thermal-physiology response (HTR) and differential computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The BTR numerical model calculates, among other parameters, the DSF indoor air temperature and energy production. The HTR numerical model calculates, among other parameters, the human thermal comfort. The CFD numerical model, among other parameters, calculates the indoor air quality. In this study which is performed for winter conditions, the energy produced in the DSF is used for driving the HVAC system. Six different airflow rates are used. The air temperature and energy production in the DSF are also evaluated. The influence of the airflow rate on the HVAC system performance is evaluated by the Air Distribution Index for mid-morning and mid-afternoon conditions. The results show that energy production reduces when the airflow increases and the operating point can be selected using the acceptable levels of thermal comfort and air quality levels or using the maximum Air Distribution Index value. In this study, the application of the thermal comfort and air quality levels criteria demonstrates that the HVAC system uses an optimum airflow rate.
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Uğursal, Ahmet, and Charles H. Culp. "The effect of temperature, metabolic rate and dynamic localized airflow on thermal comfort." Applied Energy 111 (November 2013): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.014.
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KUBO, Hiroko, Norio ISODA, and Takuko YANASE. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED COOL AIRFLOW ON THERMAL COMFORT IN SUMMER CONDITIONS." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 62, no. 492 (1997): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.62.31_2.
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Conceição, Eusébio Z. E., Cristina I. M. Santiago, and Hazim B. Awbi. "Numerical study of different ceiling-mounted air distribution systems for a virtual classroom environment." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 10 (July 19, 2016): 1382–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16659325.
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This paper presents a comparative numerical study of different ceiling-mounted-localized air distribution systems placed above students in a virtual classroom in summer conditions. The influence of four different ceiling-mounted-localized air distribution systems, using vertical descendent jets, on the thermal comfort, local thermal discomfort, and air quality levels was numerically evaluated. The air distribution index, developed previously, was used for non-uniform environment. This index considers the thermal comfort level, air quality level, effectiveness for heat removal, and effectiveness for contaminant removal. Numerical simulations were conducted for a virtual classroom equipped with one of four different ceiling-mounted-localized air distribution systems and with 6 desks, 6 or 12 students, and 2 upper airflow outlets. Inlet air supply temperature of 20 and 24℃ and an outdoor air temperature of 28℃ were used. The simulation results show that the air supply system having a vertical air jet placed at 1.8 m above the floor level (Case III), and with an inlet area of 0.01 m2 and a supply air velocity of 3 m/s would represent the best option in comparison with other air supply methods. In general, the air distribution index value decreases with an increase in inlet air temperature and the number of occupants. The air distribution index values are highest for Case III representing a classroom with 6 or 12 occupants with an inlet air temperature of 20 or 24℃.
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Conceição, Eusébio, Mª Inês Conceição, Mª Manuela Lúcio, João Gomes, and Hazim Awbi. "Numerical Simulation of the Human Microenvironment Around the Occupants." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602049.
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In this study the numerical simulation of the human microenvironment around the occupants is carried out. This numerical work is made inside a virtual chamber, used as classroom, considers the ceiling mounted localized air distribution systems built with one inlet and one exhaust system. The virtual chamber has twelve chairs, each occupied by a virtual mannequin, and six tables. The software, developed by the authors, considers a differential CFD, an integral Human Thermal Modelling and an integral Building Thermal Modelling numerical model. The inlet and exhaust ventilation systems promote, respectively, a downward airflow and an upward airflow in the occupied zone. The study, made in winter conditions, evaluates the thermal comfort, the indoor air quality, the Draught Risk, the Air Distribution Index and Air Distribution Turbulent Index. The results obtained in this work allow us to infer that the thermal comfort, indoor air quality and Draught Risk are acceptable according to what is proposed in international standards.
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Oh, Myoung Su, Jae Hwan Ahn, Dong Woo Kim, Dong Soo Jang, and Yongchan Kim. "Thermal comfort and energy saving in a vehicle compartment using a localized air-conditioning system." Applied Energy 133 (November 2014): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.089.
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De Turck, Sven, Nathan Van Den Bossche, and Jelle Laverge. "The potential of Personal Conditioning Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202098.
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Traditional HVAC systems provide a uniform indoor climate for the whole building or space, whereas the occupants each have their own comfort preferences. The result is suboptimal comfort for the occupants on the one hand, with at best up to 5 % of dissatisfied, and energy losses due to control on the safe side by the building operators. Personalised conditioning systems (PCS) do not aim to heat, cool or ventilate the space but to deliver the heat, cold and fresh air directly to the occupant. This paper provides a systematic assessment about the energy saving potential and potential comfort gains that can be achieved by implementing localized and personal HVAC systems in home environments. Using the Human Thermal Module software that allows to study the thermal sensation and thermoregulation under transient and asymmetric environmental conditions, the energy saving potential was evaluated in TRNSYS, and for a case study with different user behavior patterns it was shown that comfortable micro-climates can be achieved by means of heated chairs for an air temperature as low as 17°C, and the total annual energy savings amount to 30% in winter conditions and 70% in summer conditions.
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Su, Chu-Qi, Ze-Zheng Wang, Xun Liu, Xin Xiong, Tao Jiang, and Yi-Ping Wang. "Research on thermal comfort of commercial vehicle and economy of localized air conditioning system with thermoelectric coolers." Energy Reports 8 (November 2022): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.153.
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Du, Chenqiu, Baizhan Li, Hong Liu, Yu Ji, Runming Yao, and Wei Yu. "Quantification of personal thermal comfort with localized airflow system based on sensitivity analysis and classification tree model." Energy and Buildings 194 (July 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.010.
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He, Bao-Jie, Junsong Wang, Huimin Liu, and Giulia Ulpiani. "Localized synergies between heat waves and urban heat islands: Implications on human thermal comfort and urban heat management." Environmental Research 193 (February 2021): 110584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110584.
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Kang, Byung Ha, and Hyun Jin Lee. "A Review of Recent Research on Automotive HVAC Systems for EVs." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 04 (December 2017): 1730003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517300038.
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Automotive heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are of particular interest from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy, especially in electric vehicles (EVs) such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This paper describes recent research on automotive air-conditioning and heating technologies after classifying them into heat pump applications, control and operation, heat exchangers, refrigerants, thermal comfort, localized HVAC systems, and additional energy-saving systems. Even though many researchers have applied the existing concepts and technologies for EVs, significant revamping efforts are necessary owing to the dynamic, transient, and local characteristics of vehicles.
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Joe, Jaewan, Panagiota Karava, Xiaodong Hou, Yingying Xiao, and Jianghai Hu. "A distributed approach to model-predictive control of radiant comfort delivery systems in office spaces with localized thermal environments." Energy and Buildings 175 (September 2018): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.068.
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Ni, Xiaoyang, Tianyu Yao, Ying Zhang, Yijie Zhao, Qin Hu, and Albert P. C. Chan. "Experimental Study on the Efficacy of a Novel Personal Cooling Vest Incorporated with Phase Change Materials and Fans." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2020): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081801.
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In recent years, personal cooling has aroused much attention because it can achieve both localized high-level thermal comfort and build energy savings. In this study, a novel hybrid personal cooling vest (PCV) incorporated with phase change materials (PCMs) and ventilation fans was developed, and its efficacy was investigated by human trials in a hot-humid climate chamber. Three generally accepted indices (thermal load, Q; thermal sensation, TS; and physiological strain index, PSI) and a new proposed index (cumulative heat storage, CHS) during human trials were comparatively studied between the two human trial groups, i.e., the PCV group (wearing the PCV) and the CON group (without PCV). Results found that TS, PSI, and CHS were significantly reduced by the PCV, which suggests that the PCV can significantly improve both the perceptual and physiological strain. In addition, a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.8407) was found between the proposed index of CHS with PSI, which indicates the applicability and reliability of CHS for assessing physiological heat strain.
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Conceição, Eusébio Z. E., and Ma Manuela J. R. Lúcio. "Evaluation of thermal comfort conditions in a localized radiant system placed in front and behind two students seated nearby warmed curtains." Building and Environment 45, no. 10 (October 2010): 2100–2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.03.006.
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McGill, Grainne, Lukumon O. Oyedele, and Keith McAllister. "An investigation of indoor air quality, thermal comfort and sick building syndrome symptoms in UK energy efficient homes." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 3 (November 16, 2015): 329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-10-2014-0054.
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Purpose – Concern of the deterioration of indoor environmental quality as a result of energy efficient building design strategies is growing. Apprehensions of the effect of airtight, super insulated envelopes, the reduction of infiltration, and the reliance on mechanical systems to provide adequate ventilation (air supply) is promoting emerging new research in this field. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort investigation in UK energy efficient homes, through a case study investigation. Design/methodology/approach – The case study dwellings consisted of a row of six new-build homes which utilize mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) systems, are built to an average airtightness of 2m3/m2/hr at 50 Pascal’s, and constructed without a central heating system. Physical IAQ measurements and occupant interviews were conducted during the summer and winter months over a 24-hour period, to gain information on occupant activities, perception of the interior environment, building-related health and building use. Findings – The results suggest inadequate IAQ and perceived thermal comfort, insufficient use of purge ventilation, presence of fungal growth, significant variances in heating patterns, occurrence of sick building syndrome symptoms and issues with the MVHR system. Practical implications – The findings will provide relevant data on the applicability of airtight, mechanically ventilated homes in a UK climate, with particular reference to IAQ. Originality/value – IAQ data of this nature is essentially lacking, particularly in the UK context. The findings will aid the development of effective sustainable design strategies that are appropriate to localized climatic conditions and sensitive to the health of building occupants.
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Ferrucci, Margherita, Piercarlo Romagnoni, Fabio Peron, and Mauro Strada. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Study with Comfort Analysis in Large Atrium of the Angelo Hospital in Venice." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093454.
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To improve the thermal comfort in the hall of the Angelo Hospital (Venezia) an analysis was developed by using Computation Fluid Dynamics and considering some configurations for the air-conditioning system and for the solar shading devices. The reference configuration consists of the installation of four fan coils in the area coupled with a 3 m high metal casing used for solar shading. Then, three other solutions are proposed: by increasing the number of fan coils and changing their position, by adding some radiant panels arranged on the walls, and by inserting a physical confinement as a lateral confinement. The study consists of three sections. Firstly, a section in which the study area is modelled through a strong simplification that allows to represent only a slice of the domain but to immediately evaluate the role of the casing. A second section in which the area is completely modelled, and a third section in which a comfort evaluation is carried out. The analysis shows that the metal casing brings a substantial benefit due to the solar shielding it causes. The radiant panels cool the area only near the wall. The increasing of the number of the fans leads to an excessively high air speed and localized discomfort due to drafts. The lateral confinement on the north and south side is the one that guarantees better cooling of the study area.
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Lodi, Chiara, Susanna Magli, Francesco Maria Contini, Alberto Muscio, and Paolo Tartarini. "Improvement of thermal comfort and energy efficiency in historical and monumental buildings by means of localized heating based on non-invasive electric radiant panels." Applied Thermal Engineering 126 (November 2017): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.071.
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Keramidas, Michail E., Roger Kölegård, Igor B. Mekjavic, and Ola Eiken. "Interactions of mild hypothermia and hypoxia on finger vasoreactivity to local cold stress." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 317, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): R418—R431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2019.
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We examined the interactive effects of mild hypothermia and hypoxia on finger vasoreactivity to local cold stress. Eight male lowlanders performed, in a counterbalanced order, a normoxic and a hypoxic (partial pressure of oxygen: ~12 kPa) hand cold provocation (consisting of a 30-min immersion in 8°C water), while immersed to the chest either in 21°C [cold trials; 0.5°C fall in rectal temperature (Trec) from individual preimmersion values], or in 35.5°C water, or while exposed to 27°C air. The duration of the trials was kept constant in each breathing condition. Physiological (Trec, skin temperature, cutaneous vascular conductance, oxygen uptake) and perceptual (thermal sensation and comfort, local pain, affective valence) reactions were monitored continually. Hypoxia accelerated the drop in Trec by ~14 min ( P = 0.06, d = 0.67). In the air-exposure trials, hypoxia did not alter finger perfusion during the local cooling, whereas it impaired the finger rewarming response following the cooling ( P < 0.01). During the 35.5°C immersion, the finger vasomotor tone was enhanced, especially in hypoxia ( P = 0.01). Mild hypothermia aggravated finger vasoconstriction instigated by local cooling ( P < 0.01), but the response did not differ between the two breathing conditions ( P > 0.05). Hypoxia tended to attenuate the sensation of coldness ( P = 0.10, r = 0.40) and thermal discomfort ( P = 0.09, r = 0.46) in the immersed hand. Both in normoxia and hypoxia, the whole body thermal state dictates the cutaneous vasomotor reactivity to localized cold stimulus.
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Giannaros, T. M., D. Melas, I. A. Daglis, and I. Keramitsoglou. "Development of an operational modeling system for urban heat islands: an application to Athens, Greece." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 21, 2014): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-347-2014.
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Abstract. The urban heat island (UHI) effect is one prominent form of localized anthropogenic climate modification. It represents a significant urban climate problem since it occurs in the layer of the atmosphere where almost all daily human activities take place. This paper presents the development of a high-resolution modeling system that could be used for simulating the UHI effect in the context of operational weather forecasting activities. The modeling system is built around a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model, properly modified to allow for the better representation of the urban climate. The model performance in terms of simulating the near-surface air temperature and thermal comfort conditions over the complex urban area of Athens, Greece, is evaluated during a 1.5-month operational implementation in the summer of 2010. Results from this case study reveal an overall satisfactory performance of the modeling system. The discussion of the results highlights the important role that, given the necessary modifications, a meteorological model can play as a supporting tool for developing successful heat island mitigation strategies. This is further underlined through the operational character of the presented modeling system.
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Giannaros, T. M., D. Melas, I. A. Daglis, and I. Keramitsoglou. "Development of an operational modelling system for urban heat islands: an application to Athens, Greece." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 5 (September 25, 2013): 4963–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-4963-2013.
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Abstract. The urban heat island (UHI) effect is one prominent form of localized anthropogenic climate modification. It represents a significant urban climate problem since it occurs in that layer of the atmosphere where almost all daily human activities take place. This paper presents the development of a high-resolution modelling system that could be used for simulating the UHI effect in the context of operational weather forecasting activities. The modelling system is built around a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model, properly modified to allow for the better representation of the urban climate. The model performance in terms of simulating the near-surface air temperature and thermal comfort conditions over the complex urban area of Athens, Greece, is evaluated during a 1.5-month operational implementation in the summer of 2010. Results from this case study reveal an overall satisfactory performance of the modelling system. The discussion of the results highlights the important role that, given the necessary modifications, a meteorological model can play as a supporting tool for developing successful heat island mitigation strategies. This is further underlined through the operational character of the presented modelling system.
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Matsumoto, Yuna, Manami Kanamaru, Phan Xuan Tan, and Eiji Kamioka. "Clarifying Optimum Setting Temperatures and Airflow Positions for Personal Air Conditioning System on Flight." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4(Suppl.) (December 20, 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4(suppl.).1431.
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In recent years, the demand for air travel has increased and many people have traveled by plane. Most passengers, however, feel stressed due to the limited cabin space. In order to make these passengers more comfortable, a personal air-conditioning system for the entire chair is needed. This is because the human body experiences discomfort from localized heating or cooling, and thus, it is necessary to provide appropriate airflow to each part of the body. In this paper, a personal air-conditioning system, which consists of six vertically installed air-conditioning vents, will be proposed. To clarify the setting temperature of each vent, the airflow around the passenger and the operative temperature of each part of the body is investigated using fluid simulation. In the simulation, the ideal temperature for each part of the body is defined and compared with the operative temperature to verify how close both temperatures are, resulting in determining the ideal setting temperature. The simulation result shows, that most parts of the body reach their ideal temperatures. In addition, the optimum setting temperature and position of each air-conditioning vent, which contribute to maintaining the thermal comfort of the human body on the plane, is clarified.
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Speroni, Alberto, Andrea Giovanni Mainini, Andrea Zani, Riccardo Paolini, Tommaso Pagnacco, and Tiziana Poli. "Experimental Assessment of the Reflection of Solar Radiation from Façades of Tall Buildings to the Pedestrian Level." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105781.
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Urban climates are highly influenced by the ability of built surfaces to reflect solar radiation, and the use of high-albedo materials has been widely investigated as an effective option to mitigate urban overheating. While diffusely solar reflective walls have attracted concerns in the architectural and thermal comfort community, the potential of concave and polished surfaces, such as glass and metal panels, to cause extreme glare and localized thermal stress has been underinvestigated. Furthermore, there is the need for a systematic comparison of the solar concentration at the pedestrian level in front of tall buildings. Herein, we show the findings of an experimental campaign measuring the magnitude of the sunlight reflected by scale models reproducing archetypical tall buildings. Three 1:100 scaled prototypes with different shapes (classic vertical façade, 10% tilted façade, curved concave façade) and different finishing materials (representative of extremes in reflectance properties of building materials) were assessed. A specular surface was assumed as representative of a glazed façade under high-incidence solar angles, while selected light-diffusing materials were considered sufficient proxies for plaster finishing. With a diffusely reflective façade, the incident radiation at the pedestrian level in front of the building did not increase by more than 30% for any geometry. However, with a specular reflective (i.e., mirror-like) flat façade, the incident radiation at the pedestrian level increased by more than 100% and even by more than 300% with curved solar-concentrating geometries. In addition, a tool for the preliminary evaluation of the solar reflectance risk potential of a generic complex building shape is developed and presented. Our findings demonstrate that the solar concentration risk due to mirror-like surfaces in the built environment should be a primary concern in design and urban microclimatology.
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Shukla, Pushpendra Kumar, and Pydi Anil Kishan. "Effect of input parameters on energy requirements of phase change material integrated local heating system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012083.
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Abstract The space heating in residential buildings in winter accounts for a considerable amount of conventional energy. Therefore, improving the performance of space heating systems with the inclusion of renewable energy sources like solar becomes crucial in order to have better occupant’s comfort while reducing energy use. Phase change material (PCM) is one of the best solutions for renewable energy, especially solar, which is intermittently available. PCM stores energy when surplus energy is available and delivers whenever it is required. It is integrated with the current system for energy storage as well as availing heat at a constant temperature. The present study will try to demonstrate the energy-saving by implementing the local heating with a spiral latent heat thermal energy storage system, when only a particular (local) space heating is of interest. In this work, an experimental as well as the numerical study of a dome over a bed was performed. Various heating coil configurations, namely floor coil, roof zig-zag, and roof spiral, were constructed to find the best configuration for the localized space heating. Experiments and simulations with the variable flow rate (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 m/s) and varying inlet temperatures (55, 60, and 65°C) of the heat transfer fluid were carried out. It was found that the floor coil heating gives better results as compared with the other two. It was also seen that the effect of mass flow rate and inlet temperature was not that much significant after a limit. A temperature difference of 20°C was maintained between the space under consideration with the surrounding room.
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Brown, Dorothy Cimino, Michael J. Iadarola, Sandra Z. Perkowski, Hardam Erin, Frances Shofer, Karai J. Laszlo, Zoltan Olah, and Andrew J. Mannes. "Physiologic and Antinociceptive Effects of Intrathecal Resiniferatoxin in a Canine Bone Cancer Model." Anesthesiology 103, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 1052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200511000-00020.
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Background Resiniferatoxin is a potent capsaicin analog. Intrathecal administration leads to selective, prolonged opening of the transient receptor potential V1 ion channel, which is localized mainly to C-fiber primary afferent nociceptive sensory neurons. Following work in laboratory animals, the authors explored the use of intrathecal resiniferatoxin to control spontaneous bone cancer pain in companion (pet) dogs. Methods Normal canine population: Behavioral testing was performed to establish baseline paw withdrawal latency; subsequently, general anesthesia was induced and resiniferatoxin was administered intrathecally while hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Behavior testing was repeated for 12 days after administration of resiniferatoxin. Clinical canine population: Twenty companion dogs with bone cancer pain were recruited. The animal's baseline level of discomfort and analgesic use were recorded. Resiniferatoxin was administered intrathecally and hemodynamic parameters were monitored while the dogs were under general anesthesia. Dogs were reevaluated up to 14 weeks after resiniferatoxin administration. Results Normal canine population: In the first minutes after resiniferatoxin injection, there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate from baseline. Two days after injection, limb withdrawal latencies increased to the point of cutoff in the dogs that received at least 1.2 microg/kg resiniferatoxin. Clinical canine population: From baseline, there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate after resiniferatoxin injection. Comfort scores were significantly improved at 2, 6, 10, and 14 weeks after resiniferatoxin administration (P < 0.0001). There was decreased or discontinued use of supplemental analgesics in 67% of the dogs 2 weeks after resiniferatoxin administration. Conclusions Intrathecal resiniferatoxin elicits transient hemodynamic effects. In controls, a profound and sustained blockade of thermal stimuli is produced in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar administration in dogs with bone cancer produces a prolonged antinociceptive response.
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Luck, Brian D., Jeremiah D. Davis, Joseph L. Purswell, Aaron S. Kiess, and Steven J. Hoff. "Assessing Air Velocity Distribution in Three Sizes of Commercial Broiler Houses During Tunnel Ventilation." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 4 (2017): 1313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12107.
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Abstract. Convective cooling is a critical management strategy for maintaining an environment that promotes production efficiency, thermal comfort, and animal well-being in commercial broiler houses. Variations in house size, design, and equipment configuration contribute greatly to the air velocity distribution within the facility. This study assessed total airflow, air velocity distribution, and quantified the floor area in three facilities experiencing insufficient air velocity for maintenance of production efficiency, thermal comfort, and animal well-being. Test facility 1 was an 18.3 × 170.7 m solid side-wall broiler house, test facility 2 was a 15.24 × 144.8 m solid side-wall broiler house, and test facility 3 was a 12.19 × 121.9 m curtain side-wall broiler house. Total airflow of each facility, measured with a Fan Assessment and Numeration System, was 512,730, 389,495, and 329,270 m3 h-1 for test facilities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Air velocity distribution patterns were characterized in each house with a Scalable Environment Assessment System (SEAS) and spatial statistics. The air velocity distributions within the test facilities were variable, with notable maxima immediately downstream of the tunnel inlets, which serve as a well-defined vena contracta, and local minima near the leading end of the evaporative pads and the exhaust fans. Equipment within the facilities had an impact on the air velocity distribution by creating reduced cross-sectional areas that resulted in localized increases in air velocity. The percentage of total bird-level floor area in each facility experiencing air velocities below 1.5 m s-1 was 14.3%, 20.7%, and 10.0% for test facilities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The effective design velocity (Ved) was calculated from total airflow using the measured building cross-sectional area. The Ved measured 2.97, 2.45, and 2.34 m s-1 for test facilities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Mean cross-sectional air velocity (Vcs) was calculated from SEAS data and normalized using each facility’s Ved to account for differences in building size for comparison. Test facility 1, the largest of the three houses, generated substantially higher Vcs/Ved than test facilities 2 and 3. Test facilities 2 and 3 maintained a larger proportion of Vcs above Ved than test facility 1. Test facility 1 showed 26.5% of the total house length below Ved, while test facilities 2 and 3 had only 20.8% and 17.5%, respectively, of the total house length below Ved. The lower-velocity regions were due to the length of the evaporative cooling pad inlet and the use of tunnel doors, and the exhaust fan placement on the side-walls in test facility 1 created an additional pronounced low-velocity area. Placement of tunnel ventilation fans on the end-wall of the facility, rather than the side-wall, eliminated the low-velocity region at the exhaust end of the facility. Modifications to current practices for broiler production facility construction and evaporative cooling pad inlet installation would be required to minimize the low-velocity region at the inlet end of these facilities. Consideration of house width and physical arrangement of the air inlets, tunnel fans, and internal equipment are critical for improving the uniformity of air velocity in commercial broiler houses. Keywords: Air velocity, Anemometer, Broiler house, FANS, Tunnel ventilation.
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Morais, Fabiana Terezinha Leal de, José Pinheiro Lopes Neto, Adriana Maria dos Santos, Patrício Gomes Leite, and Raissa Gonçalves Cavalcanti. "CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n3p388-394.
Full textAbstract:
CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL
FABIANA TEREZINHA LEAL DE MORAIS1, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO2, ADRIANA MARIA DOS SANTOS3, PATRÍCIO GOMES LEITE4, RAISSA GONÇALVES CAVALCANTI5
1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, Avenida Assis Chateaubriand, 101, Liberdade,58414-060, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. fabianaleal_morais@hotmail.com.
2 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.lopesneto@gmail.com.
3 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Alencar Pires de almeida, 07 – Centro, 58748-000, Água Branca, Paraíba, Brasil.ttstadriana@gmail.com.
4 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.pgomesleite@gmail.com
5 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.raissa_lala1@hotmail.com.
RESUMO: Tendo em vista a importância do conforto térmico na avicultura de postura no Brasil, o objetivo geral destapesquisa foi avaliar o conforto térmico no galpão (pinteiro), localizado em uma granja comercial no município de Cuité (PB). A avaliação foi realizada com base nos dados de Índice da Temperatura do Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), avaliando o desempenho das pintainhas relacionado ao ganho de peso e as coletas de dados foram realizadas diariamente.Foi utilizado um galpão destinado para a fase de cria para aves da linhagem Lohmann LSL no período da terceira semana para desenvolvimento das aves, avaliando os valores de ITGU e comparando àqueles indicados pela literatura. Como resultados, observamos que foi possível manter as faixas de conforto térmicas bem próximas ao recomendado, e o ganho de peso mantiveram-se abaixo do indicado pelo manual da linhagem, os animais submetidos a condições térmicas adversas apresentaram menor ganho de peso.
Palavras-chave: ambiência, conforto térmico, ganho de peso.
THERMAL COMFORT AND POISER PERFORMANCE IN THE INITIAL PHASE (CRIA)
ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of thermal comfort in poultry farming in Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the thermal comfort in the shed (pestle), located in a commercial farm in the municipality of Cuité - PB. The evaluation was performed based on the data of air temperature (ºC), relative humidity of the air (%), the black globe temperature for determination of the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (ITGU). Weight gain on chicks and data collection were performed daily. The shed for the breeding phase of the Lohmann LSL line was used in the third week for bird development, evaluating the ITGU values and comparing to those indicated in the literature, we observed that it was possible to keep the thermal comfort bands very close to the recommended one, and the weight gain remained distant to that indicated by the lineage manual, the animals submitted to adverse thermal conditions showed less weight gain.
Keywords: ambience, thermal comfort, weight gain.
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Kenickel Nunes, Beatriz, Silvia Regina Lucas de Souza, Arilson José de Oliveira Júnior, Enedy Allan Rodrigues Cordeiro, and Reginaldo Apolinário de Almeida. "A FLUIDODINÂMICA COMPUTACIONAL UTILIZADA PARA MAPEAR O CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE SUÍNOS NA FASE DE MATERNIDADE." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n1p32-39.
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As observações geradas em estudos sobre instalações de suínos têm demonstrado que o desempenho térmico das instalações comumente utilizadas pelos produtores vem apresentando um quadro de desconforto térmico na fase da maternidade, devido às adaptações construtivas feitas com a finalidade de atender tanto as necessidades da matriz quanto dos leitões. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a ferramenta de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) para realizar o mapeamento do microambiente de duas instalações de suínos, visando o bem-estar dos animais. As simulações foram obtidas em uma maternidade da Fazenda Experimental Lageado, UNESP, Botucatu/SP e de uma granja comercial localizada em Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo/SP. Para as simulações utilizou-se o software Autodesk® CFD Simulation juntamente com o AutoCAD 3D, para desenho das instalações. As condições de conforto térmico foram analisadas por meio da aplicação do índice de voto médio estimado – PMV. Na instalação comercial simulada observou-se que as aberturas laterais não são suficientes para manter uma condição de conforto térmico, segundo o índice PMV. Com o uso da fluidodinâmica computacional foi possível modificar o ambiente mediante a elevação do seu fluxo de ar, o que demonstrou ser uma solução na diminuição da temperatura do ar e alcance de uma condição de conforto térmico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Conforto térmico, bem-estar de suínos, fluidodinâmica computacional, CFD, simuladores. FLUIDODYNAMICS COMPUTATIONAL USED FOR THE MAPPING OF THERMAL CONDITIONS IN INSTALLATION OF SWINE MATERNITIESABSTRACT: Studies have shown that the thermal performance of facilities commonly used by producers has presented an environmental discomfort picture in the maternity phase due to constructive adjustments made in order to meet needs of both piglets and sow. Therefore, this work aimed to use the computational fluid dynamic tool for mapping the microclimate of two facilities, which purpose of improving the animal welfare. The simulations were conducted at experimental farm “Lageado”, UNESP, Botucatu/SP and a commercial facility, located in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo/SP. For simulations were used the Autodesk® CFD Simulation software along with AutoCAD 3D (facilities design). Thermal comfort conditions were analyzed by means of predicted mean vote – PMV. In simulated commercial facility was observed that side vents are not sufficient to establish a thermal comfort condition, according to PMV. With computational fluid dynamic was possible to change the environment through air flow increase, showing to be a solution in decrease of air temperature and reach of thermal comfort condition.KEYWORDS: Thermal comfort, swine welfare, computational fluid dynamic, CFD, simulators.
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Santos, Joel Silva dos, Vicente De Paulo R. da Silva, Lincoln Eloi de Araújo, Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de Lima, and Angelina Dias Leão Costa. "Análise das Condições do Campo Térmico em Ambiente Urbano: Estudo de Caso em Campus Universitário (Analysis of Conditions of Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment: a Case Study in University Campus)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 2 (September 21, 2011): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i2.232697.
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O estudo do clima urbano, especificamente do comportamento do seu campo térmico, constitui-se em um dos grandes problemas socioambientais para as populações residentes nessas áreas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho analisa os efeitos dos diferentes tipos de cobertura de solo nas condições do campo térmico do Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, localizado na cidade de João Pessoa, PB. As medições da temperatura do ar e umidade relativa foram realizadas em dois períodos distintos (seco e chuvoso), utilizando-se data logger Hobos em seis pontos representativos da área de estudo. O Índice de Thom foi utilizado para analisar o nível de conforto térmico nas escalas diária e horária e o tipo de cobertura de solo de cada ponto analisado foi definido considerando oito classes, de acordo com a percentagem de vegetação e de materiais permeáveis e impermeáveis existentes no entorno do ponto. Os resultados do trabalho permitiram caracterizar o micro clima local e identificar alterações no ambiente provocadas pelo adensamento de construções, além de fornecerem dados para fazer sugestões no sentido de minimizar esses efeitos através da manutenção da arborização remanescente da Mata Atlântica. As análises quantitativas e qualitativas dos dados revelaram diferentes condições micro climáticas na área de estudo que foram modificadas substancialmente em função da cobertura do solo. As áreas com alta concentração de materiais impermeáveis mostraram nível de desconforto térmico bastante elevado no período de maior demanda atmosférica, que ocorre entre 11 e 15h. Palavras-chave: Clima urbano, Campo térmico, Índice de Desconforto de Thom Analysis of Conditions of Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment: a Case Study in University Campus ABSTRACT The study of urban climate, specifically the behavior of their thermal field, it constitutes one of the great social and environmental problems for people living in these areas. In this way, the present study analyzes the effects of different types of ground cover in the thermal field of the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I which is located in the city of João Pessoa, PB. The measurements of air temperature and relative humidity were carried out in two distinct periods (dry and wet seasons), using data logger Hobos in 6 representative points through study area. Thom’s discomfort index was used to analyze the thermal comfort level in daily values into one-hour time scale through University campus. The types of ground cover for each analyzed point were classified into 8 classes according to percentage cover in vegetation and permeable and impermeable materials. The results allowed to characterize the local microclimate, as well as identify environment changes provided by urban crowding, and to suggest actions to reduction of these effects by maintaining Atlantic forest biodiversity. The quantitative and qualitative data analysis showed that the different microclimatic conditions at experimental area were substantially due to soil cover changes. The areas with high concentration level in waterproof materials showed high level of thermal discomfort just in the period with highest atmospheric demand which it occurs from 11 to 15h. Keywords: Urban climate, thermal comfort, Thom’s index
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Santos, Joel Silva dos, Beatriz Cristina Barbalho de Melo, Lincoln Eloi de Araújo, and Évio Eduardo Chaves de Melo. "Caracterização do Campo Térmico Urbano e suas Relações com o Uso e Ocupação do Solo no Campus Central da UFPB (Urban Climate: Characterization of Thermal Field and its Relations with the Different Forms of Soil Usage and Occupation in the Central...)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 3 (September 24, 2011): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232731.
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O trabalho correlaciona como as diferentes formas de uso e cobertura do solo interfere nas condições do campo térmico do Campus I da UFPB localizado na cidade de João Pessoa, PB. Para a realização da pesquisa inicialmente foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito da temática em questão, seguido do reconhecimento da área de estudo e das medições in loco para a coleta dos dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. O experimento de campo foi realizado em 06 pontos representativos do campus durante dois períodos distintos, um chuvoso e o outro seco, de forma a caracterizar as condições do campo térmico local, devido ao adensamento de construções e a presença de arborização. Para o cálculo do índice de conforto térmico foi utilizado o Índice de Thom. Os resultados demonstraram que as diferentes formas de uso e ocupação do solo têm alterado o campo térmico da área em estudo, e gerado uma série de preocupações entre os planejadores desse espaço. Dentre as principais preocupações estão as relacionadas ao crescimento da estrutura da universidade (que se torna inevitável) devido à rápida expansão acadêmica e a diminuição das áreas verdes, que desempenham um papel importante para amenização climática. O Campus Universitário carece de estudos que correlacionem o crescimento das construções com as condições de conforto térmico da população. Em virtude disso, este trabalho tem grande relevância e importância, uma vez que procura articular os estudos na área de climatologia urbana ao planejamento e ordenamento territorial urbano. Palavras Chave: Clima Urbano, Campo Térmico, Índice de Desconforto Térmico Urban Climate: Characterization of Thermal Field and its Relations with the Different Forms of Soil Usage and Occupation in the Central Campus of UFPB ABSTRACT The work seeks to correlate how different forms of use and land cover interfere under conditions of thermal field of UFPB Campus I located in the city of João Pessoa-PB. To carry out the search was initially made a bibliographic survey regarding the subject in question, followed by the recognition of the study area and spot measurements for the collection of data of temperature and relative humidity. Field experiment was conducted on 06 representative points of campus during two distinct periods, a rainy and dryin order to characterize the conditions of the local thermal field, due to the densification of constructions and the presence of af forestation. For the calculation of thermal comfort index was used the index of Thom. The results demonstrated that the different forms of soil usage and occupation have changed the thermal field of the área under study, and generated a number of concerns among the planners of this space. Among the main concerns are related to the growth of the University's structure (that becomes unavoidable) due to rapid academic expansion and decline of Green areas, which play an important role for climate thawing. The Campus lacks studies that correlate the growth of buildings with thermal comfort conditions of the population. As a result, this work has great relevance and importance, since it seeks to articulate the studies in the area of urban climatology to urban planning and regional planning. Keywords: Urban climate, Thermal Field, Thermal Discomfort index
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Silveira, Iáskara Michelly de Medeiros, and Rodrigo Guimarães de Carvalho. "Microclima e Conforto Térmico na Área da Mata da Bica no Município de Portalegre/RN." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 062. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p062-078.
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A cidade de Portalegre, localizada na Região Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, está situada no topo de uma serra com cerca de 650 m de altitude. O relevo justifica uma condição climática de excepcionalidade ao contexto geral do semiárido, com chuvas mais abundantes e uma temperatura mais amena. As condições ambientais tornam-se mais singulares devido à presença de brejos de altitude, sendo o mais conhecido deles a Mata da Bica, que se localiza no entorno da área urbana. A área do brejo foi transformada em um Terminal Turístico e mantém uma mata arbórea, uma nascente com espelho d’água e uma bica. A problemática desta pesquisa é compreender se na Mata da Bica, as condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar são mais confortáveis em função da manutenção da cobertura vegetal e se esse serviço ambiental é um motivador da visitação. Foram realizadas duas coletas de dados para monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade durante 24 h em três pontos com coberturas do solo diferentes: o ponto 1 na Mata da Bica; o ponto 2 na área urbana; e o ponto 3 na zona rural. Junto a isso, foi verificada a opinião da população quanto ao conforto térmico na Mata da Bica e na área urbana. Confirmando a hipótese da pesquisa, a área de menor temperatura e maior conforto térmico foi a Mata da Bica, e obteve-se a indicação de que a condição climática do local é um dos serviços ambientais responsáveis pela atração turística. A B S T R A C T The city of Portalegre, located in the West Region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, is on the top of an approximately 650 m altitude scarp. The relief justifies a weather condition of exceptionality to the general semi-arid context, with more abundant rains and milder temperatures. Environmental conditions become more peculiar due to the presence of high altitude marshes, being Mata da Bica the best-known, located in the surroundings of the urban zone of Portalegre. The marsh area was transformed into a Tourist Terminal. It features an arboreal, a spring with water surface and a water fountain. This research aims to understand if, at Mata da Bica, the temperature and air relative humidity conditions are more comfortable depending on the maintenance of the plant cover and if this environmental service motivates visitation. Two data collections were conducted to monitor the temperature and humidity for 24 h on three areas with different ground covers: area 1 at Mata da Bica; area 2 in the urban zone; and area 3 in the rural zone. The data collected were analyzed, and the opinion of the population was verified regarding thermal comfort at Mata da Bica and in the urban zone. As expected, the area with the lowest temperature and highest thermal comfort was Mata da Bica, and it was also confirmed that the weather is one of the environmental services responsible for tourist attraction. Key words: Thermal comfort. Environmental service. Urban climate.
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Parente, Rebeca de Andrade, Belise Maria Oliveira Bezerra, Tiago Silva Andrade, Lina Raquel Santos Araújo, and Ricardo Toniolli. "Comportamento de Leitões na Fase de Creche Criados em Região de Clima Tropical." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n2p144-147.
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O ambiente em que o animal habita está relacionado com o comportamento que esse vai expressar, portanto, problemas comportamentais podem ser indicativos de deficiências ambientais ou de manejo, alterando o bem-estar do animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de leitões, na fase de creche, de acordo com variações de temperatura e umidade do ambiente em granja comercial localizada em Maranguape-Ceará. Foram utilizados 60 leitões de ambos os sexos desmamados aos 21 dias de idade com peso médio de 6,1±0,4 kg distribuídos em quatro baias de 15 animais cada, que foram observados em dois horários por dia. Foi instalada uma câmera, na parte superior da baia, para fazer a filmagem dos leitões, que filmava das 05:00 horas às 07:00 horas da manhã, e de 12:00 horas às 14:00 horas da tarde, além de serem registradas a temperatura e umidade, através de um termohigrômetro. Para analisar o comportamento dos animais foi utilizada uma ficha de etograma, calculando-se os percentuais de ocorrência de cada comportamento. As médias de temperatura registradas foram 25 e 28 °C e de umidade 84% e 73% para os horários 05:00 horas e 12:00 horas, respectivamente. Os animais passaram a maior parte do tempo dormindo ou deitados (69 e 70%) em ambos os horários de observação. O comportamento apresentado pelo animal pode ser um indicativo de conforto térmico, situação essencial para expressão de seu potencial produtivo. Palavras-chave: Bem-Estar Animal. Conforto Térmico. Etograma. Suinocultura. Abstract The environment in which the animal lives is related to the behavior it will express, so behavioral problems may be indicative of environmental or management deficiencies, altering the animal’s welfare. The objective of this work is to evaluate the piglets behavior in the nursery phase according to temperature and humidity variations in a commercial farm located in Maranguape-Ceará. Sixty piglets of both sexes weaned at 21 days of age with an average weight of 6.1±0.4 kg were used, distributed in four pens of 15 animals each, which were observed at two times per day. A camera was installed in the upper part of the pen for filming the piglets, which filmed from 5:00 am to 7:00 am, and from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm, and was recorded at temperature and humidity through a hygrometer term. To analyze the animals behavior, an ethogram form was used. The average temperatures recorded were 25 and 28 °C and humidity 84% and 73% at 05:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. hours, respectively. The animals spent most of the time sleeping or lying down (69 and 70%) at both observation times. The behavior shown by the animal can be an indication of thermal comfort, an essential situation for the expression of its productive potential. Keywords: Animal Welfare. Thermal Comfort. Ethogram. Pig Breeding.
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Arruda, Karlla Emmanuelle Cunha. "Estudo da Amenidade Térmica Proporcionada Pela Reserva Ecológica de Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE (Study of Thermal Amenity Provided by the Ecological Reserve of Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 3, no. 3 (July 7, 2011): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v3i3.232665.
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Devido ao intenso processo de urbanização, hoje, o desconforto e a inospitabilidade urbana no ritmo cotidiano da população, especialmente nas grandes cidades, são questões cada vez mais presentes. Densidade populacional, degeneração das áreas verdes e poluição são alguns dos estressores ambientais aos quais as populações urbanas estão sujeitas. A maioria das grandes metrópoles brasileiras está localizada ao longo da costa, região de domínio de um dos biomas mais devastados do mundo e o mais ameaçado do país, a Floresta Atlântica. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho, realizado em uma reserva florestal urbana no Recife, ressalta uma das funções desempenhadas pela vegetação, a amenidade termal, por meio da análise e comparação de índices de temperatura atmosférica e do solo, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento aferidos dentro da unidade de conservação da Mata de Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE e nas áreas urbanizadas em seu entorno, a partir de 4 (quatro) pontos posicionados na área urbanizada a cerca de 200 metros de distância da Mata nos pontos cardeais norte,sul,leste e oeste; 4 (quatro) pontos nas bordas da Mata, também nos devidos pontos cardeais; e 2 (dois) pontos na região interna da Mata. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível observar uma variação de cerca de 5°C de diferença entre a área verde e a área urbanizada, acerca da umidade, a diferença chegou a 20%, ressaltando a importante interferência da vegetação no ambiente climático urbanizado, e a necessidade em se preservar as áreas verdes nos centros urbanos, tanto para a amenização climática, quanto para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e conforto térmico da população.Palavras-Chave: Amenidade térmica, áreas verdes, preservação ambiental. Study of Thermal Amenity Provided by the Ecological Reserve of Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE ABSTRACT Due to intense urbanization process, today, the discomfort and daily rhythm in inhospitable urban population, especially in big cities, are issues increasingly present. Population density, degeneration of the green areas and pollution are some of the environmental stressors to which urban populations are subject. Most of the major Brazilian cities are located along the coast, a region domain of the biomes of the world most devastated and most threatened of the country, the Atlantic Forest. Accordingly, the present work was undertaken in an urban forest reserve in Recife, highlights one of the functions performed by vegetation, the thermal amenity, through analysis and comparison of indices of air and soil temperature, relative humidity and air velocity wind measured within the protected area of the Mata de Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE and in urban areas around it, from 4 (four) positioned in the urbanized area about 200 meters from the forest at the cardinal points north, south, east and west; 4 (four) edges of the Forest, also in the proper points of the compass, and 2 (two) points in the inner region of the Mata. With these results it was possible to observe a variation of about 5 ° C difference between the green area and urbanized area, about the humidity, the difference was 20%, highlighting the important influence of vegetation on the climatic environment urbanized, and the need to preserving green areas in urban centers, both for alleviating climate, how to improve life quality and thermal comfort of the population. Keywords: Thermal amenity, green areas, environment preservation.
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Yang, Bin, Zhe Li, Bin Zhou, Thomas Olofsson, and Angui Li. "Enhanced effects of footwarmer by wearing sandals in winter office: A Swedish case study." Indoor and Built Environment, April 27, 2020, 1420326X2091397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x20913975.
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Human-centred thermal environment conditioning can guarantee thermal comfort needs of human occupants in their micro-environments by using localized heating/cooling devices. Meanwhile, less intensified thermal conditioning of unoccupied surrounding environments can achieve heating/cooling energy efficiency. The concept was originated from task/ambient conditioning, which was developed for personal comfort systems. Most of the localized heating/cooling devices are workstation based or chair based. Task conditioning would become more closely to targets (human bodies) by using special clothing materials or thermoelectric elements. From thermal physiological viewpoints, thermal stimulus to thermally sensitive body parts may generate better results for not only local thermal comfort but also for whole body thermal comfort. Thermal stimulus to the extremities (feet) has demonstrated good thermal comfort effects. Scandinavians are accustomed to outdoor harsh environments and prefer wearing heavy shoes' outdoors in winter. They have the habit of changing heavy shoes to sandals when entering offices, which give the opportunity to enhance localized heating effects of footwarmers by reducing shoes’ thermal resistance. Climatic chamber tests with 32 Nordic subjects were performed under different indoor ambient heating temperatures with/without the aid of footwarmers. With footwarmers and sandals, indoor heating temperature at 16°C was acceptable, which achieved energy efficient thermal comfort.
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Peng, Linghui, Lingling Shen, Weiren Fan, Zichuan Liu, Hongbo Qiu, Aibing Yu, and Xuchuan Jiang. "Ag/VO2/Ag sandwich nylon film for smart thermal management and thermo-responsive electrical conductivity." Journal of Industrial Textiles, February 2, 2021, 152808372098654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083720986542.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the effects of climate changing, the importance of outdoor thermal comfort has been recognized, and has gained more and more research attentions. Unlike indoor space where air conditioning can be easily implemented, outdoor thermal comfort can only be achieved by localized thermal management. Using textile is a simple but energy-saving way to realize outdoor thermal comfort. Herein, we report the design of a smart thermal management film with the silver/vanadium dioxide/silver (Ag/VO2/Ag) sandwich structure prepared by one-dimensional (1 D) nanowires. It was found that the Ag/VO2/Ag sandwich film was able to lower the temperature by around 10 °C under intense infrared (IR) radiation. In addition, the Ag/VO2/Ag sandwich structure film showed a thermo-responsive electrical conductivity and an outstanding bending stability, due to network structure formed by nanowires. It was experimentally proved that this sandwich structure was superior to other layer structures in IR shielding performance and thermo-responsive electrical conductivity. The as-prepared Ag/VO2/Ag sandwich structure film has great potential for various applications such as wearable devices, flexible electronics, medical monitors and smart IR radiation management.
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Olivieri, Federico, Gennaro Rollo, Francesca De Falco, Roberto Avolio, Irene Bonadies, Rachele Castaldo, Mariacristina Cocca, Maria Emanuela Errico, Marino Lavorgna, and Gennaro Gentile. "Reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane coatings for wash-durable wearable piezoresistive sensors." Cellulose, January 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05042-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGraphene-based functional coatings for cotton textiles were realized through an easy dip-coating procedure. Cotton fabrics were coated with a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer and then protected with a very thin polyurethane (PU) layer that does not affect the flexibility and the hand of the pristine cotton. The application of the rGO coating induces electrical conductivity to the fabric and the application of the PU phase increases the durability of the coatings, that show very stable surface resistivity after 10 washing cycles performed at temperatures up to 40 °C. Furthermore, the rGO and rGO/PU coated fabrics show good comfort properties, increased thermal conductivity and breathability with respect to cotton. In particular, the realized coatings allow to confine the heat transfer in correspondence of a localized heating source, which is very interesting for thermal therapy applications. Finally, the rGO/PU coated fabrics present a piezoresistive behaviour characterized by very stable electrical response to applied stretching up to 50% deformation, high sensitivity especially at low deformations with gauge factor values up to 11.7 and fast response time down to 500 ms when stretched at 100 mm/min rate at 2.5% strain. Overall, the results demonstrate that rGO/PU coated fabrics are very promising wash-durable electrically conductive e-textiles with improved comfort, enhanced thermal conductivity for possible thermal therapy applications, and piezoresistive properties for sensing applications as human motion monitoring.