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Journal articles on the topic 'Localized law'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 April 2023

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1

Clerc, M. G., S. Coulibaly, and D. Laroze. "Interaction law of 2D localized precession states." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 90, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 38005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/90/38005.

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2

Besse, Christophe, Rémi Carles, and Sylvain Ervedoza. "A conservation law with spatially localized sublinear damping." Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire 37, no. 1 (January 2020): 13–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2019.03.002.

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3

Miyai, Eiji, and Fusayoshi J. Ohkawa. "Curie-Weiss law for almost localized itinerant-electron ferromagnets." Physical Review B 61, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 1357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.61.1357.

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4

Xue, Jian, Shengwang Hao, Rong Yang, Ping Wang, and Yilong Bai. "Localization of deformation and its effects on power-law singularity preceding catastrophic rupture in rocks." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519857121.

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Three distinct length scales are involved in the deformation evolution and catastrophic rupture of heterogeneous rocks in general: two essential ones are the specimen size macroscopically and the grain size at micro-scale respectively, the other is the emerging localized band of deformation and damage. The band initiates almost nearby the peak load, and the rupture eventually occurs afterwards within the localized band. In this paper, we report that with the evolution of concentrated high strain and damage in the localized band, a power-law singularity emerges within the localized band preceding the eventual rupture. The localization of deformation imposes a spatial non-uniqueness on the power-law singularity, and then leads to a trans-scale characteristic of the power-law singularity. Based on this characteristic, it is demonstrated that the singularity presented by the global response of a whole specimen comes from the singularity of local response in the localized band. The localization and the power-law singularity are associated precursory events, spatially and temporally, respectively, before macroscopic rupture. In particular, based on the power-law singularity exhibited in the zonal areas near or across the rupture surface, a prediction of the occurrence time of catastrophic rupture can be made accordingly. This provides a practically helpful approach to the prediction of rupture, merely by means of monitoring the zonal areas adjacent to the localized band.

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5

Clerc, M. G., S. Coulibaly, N. Mujica, R. Navarro, and T. Sauma. "Soliton pair interaction law in parametrically driven Newtonian fluid." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1901 (August 28, 2009): 3213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0072.

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An experimental and theoretical study of the motion and interaction of the localized excitations in a vertically driven small rectangular water container is reported. Close to the Faraday instability, the parametrically driven damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation models this system. This model allows one to characterize the pair interaction law between localized excitations. Experimentally we have a good agreement with the pair interaction law.

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6

Lowe, Jessica K. "A Separate Peace? The Politics of Localized Law in the Post-Revolutionary Era." Law & Social Inquiry 36, no. 03 (2011): 788–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01250.x.

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Law is often seen as peripheral to Southern life before the Civil War, and the South as an outlier in the American legal history of that era. InThe People and Their Peace(2009), Laura Edwards demonstrates the profoundly legal nature of Southern society and takes an important step toward integrating the legal history of the South with that of the nation. Edwards identifies two dueling legal cultures in North and South Carolina between 1787 and 1840—the law of local courts, which she terms localized law, and the state law of professionalized lawyers and reformers. She argues that white women, slaves, and the poor fared better in localized law—which was based on notions of popular sovereignty and the flexible rubric of restoring “the peace”—than in state courts, which were steeped in a national culture of individual rights that led to more restrictive results. This essay questions Edwards's dichotomy between local law and state law and her depiction of the popular content of localized law, while building on Edwards's innovations to suggest a new direction for Southern legal history.

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7

GHERGHETTA, TONY. "LOCALIZING GRAVITY ON A 3-BRANE IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 943–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01008564.

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We present metric solutions in six and higher dimensions with bulk cosmological constant, where gravity is localized on a 3-brane. The corrections to four-dimensional gravity from the bulk continuum modes are power-law suppressed. Furthermore, the introduction of a bulk "hedgehog" magnetic field leads to a regular geometry, and can localize gravity on the 3-brane with either positive, zero or negative bulk cosmological constant.

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8

Chiusi, Tiziana J. "Czajkowski , Kimberley, Localized Law. The Babatha and Salome Komaise Archives." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 135, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgra-2018-1350128.

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9

Cazes, Fabien, Anita Simatos, Michel Coret, Alain Combescure, and Anthony Gravouil. "Cracking Cohesive Law Thermodynamically Equivalent to a Non-Local Damage Model." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.81.

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This paper deals with the transition from a localized damage state to crack formation. Several attempts have already been made in this field. Our approach is in the continuity of studies where thermodynamic considerations lead to the definition of an equivalent crack concept. The main idea consists in replacing a damaged localized zone by a crack in order to recover the same amount of dissipated energy. On the one hand, a nonlocal model is used to modelize accurately localized damage. On the other hand, an elastic model which authorizes the formation of a crack described by a cohesive zone model is used. This cohesive zone model is defined thermodynamically in order to be in concordance with the damage model. The method allows obtaining the cohesive zone model traction curve from the knowledge of the nonlocal damage model solution. The numerical implementation is done using a Lagrangian multiplier that ensures the energetic equivalence between both models.

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10

Ducros, Hélène. "Localized Responses to Unsustainable Growth." Global Environmental Politics 14, no. 2 (May 2014): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00232.

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11

Solin, N. I. "Efros-Shklovskii law and localized states in weakly doped lanthanum manganites." JETP Letters 91, no. 12 (June 2010): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002136401012012x.

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12

Knobloch, E. "Localized structures and front propagation in systems with a conservation law." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 81, no. 3 (June 2016): 457–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxw029.

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13

Miemiec, André. "A Power Law for the Lowest Eigenvalue in Localized Massive Gravity." Fortschritte der Physik 49, no. 7 (July 2001): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3978(200107)49:7<747::aid-prop747>3.0.co;2-t.

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14

Shapiro, B. Ya, and L. V. Yefimova. "Localized superconductivity in a system with anisotropic dispersion law of electrons." Solid State Communications 62, no. 4 (April 1987): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(87)90806-4.

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15

Preiser, Christoph, Jens Lösel, I. David Brown, Martin Kunz, and Aniceta Skowron. "Long-range Coulomb forces and localized bonds." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199003961.

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The ionic model is shown to be applicable to all compounds in which the atoms carry a net charge and their electron density is spherically symmetric regardless of the covalent character of the bonding. By examining the electric field generated by an array of point charges placed at the positions of the ions in over 40 inorganic compounds, we show that the Coulomb field naturally partitions itself into localized regions (bonds) which are characterized by the electric flux that links neighbouring ions of opposite charge. This flux is identified with the bond valence, and Gauss' law with the valence-sum rule, providing a secure theoretical foundation for the bond-valence model. The localization of the Coulomb field provides an unambiguous definition of coordination number and our calculations show that, in addition to the expected primary coordination sphere, there are a number of weak bonds between cations and the anions in the second coordination sphere. Long-range Coulomb interactions are transmitted through the crystal by the application of Gauss' law at each of the intermediate atoms. Bond fluxes have also been calculated for compounds containing ions with non-spherical electron densities (e.g. cations with stereoactive lone electron pairs). In these cases the point-charge model continues to describe the distant field, but multipoles must be added to the point charges to give the correct local field.

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16

Dour, G., and Y. Estrin. "Dislocation Motion in Crystals With a High Peierls Relief: A Unified Model Incorporating the Lattice Friction and Localized Obstacles." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 124, no. 1 (May 22, 2001): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1421612.

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The combined effect of the lattice friction and localized obstacles on the individual dislocation velocity is considered. First the two effects are considered separately. The velocity of an individual dislocation is described by the Hirth-Lothe equation for the case of lattice friction and by a power law for the case of localized obstacles. The power law is modified to introduce a static waiting time: the time a dislocation has to wait in its equilibrium configuration at an obstacle until it breaks away by virtue of thermal activation. As a next step, a combination of the two mechanisms is described. A dynamic waiting time is introduced: it corresponds to a situation when a dislocation overcomes the obstacle before it reaches the equilibrium configuration. The model provides a good description of the effects when they are independent, and also gives an interpolation of the two regimes. A simulation for a model material is proposed to illustrate the transition between the two regimes. This unified model is tested against experimental data for in-situ deformation of monocrystalline germanium in a transmission electron microscope. The purpose is to determine an equivalent power law exponent in a regime of plastic flow that does not follow a proper power law. The resolution is not complete because the strength of the localized obstacles is not known. However, the results are promising and allow a discussion relating to the strength of localized obstacles.

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17

MONTHUS, CÉCILE. "MULTIFRACTALITY IN THE GENERALIZED AUBRY–ANDRÉ QUASIPERIODIC LOCALIZATION MODEL WITH POWER-LAW HOPPINGS OR POWER-LAW FOURIER COEFFICIENTS." Fractals 27, no. 02 (March 2019): 1950007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19500075.

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The nearest-neighbor Aubry–André quasiperiodic localization model is generalized to include power-law translation-invariant hoppings [Formula: see text] or power-law Fourier coefficients [Formula: see text] in the quasiperiodic potential. The Aubry–André duality between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] manifests when the Hamiltonian is written in the real-space basis and in the Fourier basis on a finite ring. The perturbative analysis in the amplitude [Formula: see text] of the hoppings yields that the eigenstates remain power-law localized in real space for [Formula: see text] and are critical for [Formula: see text] where they follow the strong multifractality linear spectrum, as in the equivalent model with random disorder. The perturbative analysis in the amplitude [Formula: see text] of the quasiperiodic potential yields that the eigenstates remain delocalized in real space (power-law localized in Fourier space) for [Formula: see text] and are critical for [Formula: see text] where they follow the weak multifractality Gaussian spectrum in real space (or strong multifractality linear spectrum in the Fourier basis). This critical case [Formula: see text] for the Fourier coefficients [Formula: see text] corresponds to a periodic function with discontinuities, instead of the cosinus function of the standard self-dual Aubry–André model.

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18

Mekki, Kais, William Derigent, Ahmed Zouinkhi, Eric Rondeau, André Thomas, and Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim. "Non-localized and localized data storage in large-scale communicating materials: Probabilistic and hop-counter approaches." Computer Standards & Interfaces 44 (February 2016): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2015.08.010.

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19

Kong, Zheng Yi, Shan Hua Xu, and Yu Sheng Chen. "The Calculation of the Thickness for Uniform Corrosion and Localized Corrosion in Steel Corrosion." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.514.

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Because of the complexity of corrosion, the law of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion is still not clear,so it is difficult to assess their impact on the structure safety. In order to differ them and find their own law, we obtain a lot of corrosion specimens by ways of constant temperature and humidity, and then detect the size of corrosion pits by roughness tester. After that, the method for calculating the thickness of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion is proposed. Then the method is used to analyze the experiment data. The result indicates the thickness of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion all increase with the rate of corrosion, and they all show a power relationship with corrosion rate, so it will provide a basis for distinguishing them in safety assessment.

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20

Putelat, T., J. H. P. Dawes, and A. R. Champneys. "A phase-plane analysis of localized frictional waves." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2203 (July 2017): 20160606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0606.

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Sliding frictional interfaces at a range of length scales are observed to generate travelling waves; these are considered relevant, for example, to both earthquake ground surface movements and the performance of mechanical brakes and dampers. We propose an explanation of the origins of these waves through the study of an idealized mechanical model: a thin elastic plate subject to uniform shear stress held in frictional contact with a rigid flat surface. We construct a nonlinear wave equation for the deformation of the plate, and couple it to a spinodal rate-and-state friction law which leads to a mathematically well-posed problem that is capable of capturing many effects not accessible in a Coulomb friction model. Our model sustains a rich variety of solutions, including periodic stick–slip wave trains, isolated slip and stick pulses, and detachment and attachment fronts. Analytical and numerical bifurcation analysis is used to show how these states are organized in a two-parameter state diagram. We discuss briefly the possible physical interpretation of each of these states, and remark also that our spinodal friction law, though more complicated than other classical rate-and-state laws, is required in order to capture the full richness of wave types.

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21

Fu, Y. B., and Y. X. Xie. "Effects of imperfections on localized bulging in inflated membrane tubes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1965 (April 28, 2012): 1896–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0297.

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The problem of localized bulging in inflated membrane tubes shares the same features with a variety of other localization problems such as formation of kink bands in fibre-reinforced composites and layered structures. This type of localization is known to be very sensitive to imperfections, but the precise nature of such sensitivity has not so far been quantified. In this paper, we study effects of localized wall thinning/thickening on the onset of localized bulging in inflated membrane tubes as a prototypical example. It is shown that localized wall thinning may reduce the critical pressure or circumferential stretch by an amount of the order of the square root of maximum wall thickness reduction. As a typical example, a 10 per cent maximum wall thinning may reduce the critical circumferential stretch by 19 per cent. This square root law complements the well-known Koiter's two-thirds power law for subcritical periodic bifurcations. The relevance of our results to mathematical modelling of aneurysm formation in human arteries is also discussed.

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22

Zhou, Qin, Houria Triki, Jiakun Xu, Zhongliang Zeng, Wenjun Liu, and Anjan Biswas. "Perturbation of chirped localized waves in a dual-power law nonlinear medium." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 160 (July 2022): 112198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112198.

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23

Solin, N. I. "Erratum: “Efros-shklovskii law and localized states in weakly doped lanthanum manganites”." JETP Letters 92, no. 4 (August 2010): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364010160149.

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24

Zhang, Ping, Xi-bing Li, and Ning Li. "Strength evolution law of cracked rock based on localized progressive damage model." Journal of Central South University of Technology 15, no. 4 (August 2008): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-008-0093-9.

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25

Gumbs, Godfrey, Antonios Balassis, Andrii Iurov, and Paula Fekete. "Strongly Localized Image States of Spherical Graphitic Particles." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/726303.

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We investigate the localization of charged particles by the image potential of spherical shells, such as fullerene buckyballs. These spherical image states exist within surface potentials formed by the competition between the attractive image potential and the repulsive centripetal force arising from the angular motion. The image potential has a power law rather than a logarithmic behavior. This leads to fundamental differences in the nature of the effective potential for the two geometries. Our calculations have shown that the captured charge is more strongly localized closest to the surface for fullerenes than for cylindrical nanotube.

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26

Goldberg-Hiller, Jonathan. "The Boycott of the Law and the Law of the Boycott: Law, Labour, and Politics in British Columbia." Law & Social Inquiry 21, no. 02 (1996): 313–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1996.tb00083.x.

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This article uses a critical theoryllegal mobilization perspective to study the 1987–92 trade union boycott of the British Columbia labour law. The problems encountered establishing a total boycott–one that would eschew all contact with the state–and the subsequent modification of the parameters of the boycott through a selective reliance on the law offer an important case from which to learn more about the role of law and legal rights in highly regulated organizations and how collectives mobilize the law. The author argues that legal rights are important to unions because of their ability to mediate the complexity of labour relations through a decentralization of authority. At the same time, mobilization of the law for this purpose accentuates localized identities and unequal resources that operate in tension with a boycott ethos, necessitating a deliberative politics to legitimize the law. By exploring the tension between these two forms of mobilization around law–one to reduce complexity, another to legitimize broad collective norms–the author analyzes and draws some conclusions about the reproduction of social unionism in British Columbia.

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27

Mizuno, Hideyuki, Hayato Shiba, and Atsushi Ikeda. "Continuum limit of the vibrational properties of amorphous solids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (October 31, 2017): E9767—E9774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709015114.

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The low-frequency vibrational and low-temperature thermal properties of amorphous solids are markedly different from those of crystalline solids. This situation is counterintuitive because all solid materials are expected to behave as a homogeneous elastic body in the continuum limit, in which vibrational modes are phonons that follow the Debye law. A number of phenomenological explanations for this situation have been proposed, which assume elastic heterogeneities, soft localized vibrations, and so on. Microscopic mean-field theories have recently been developed to predict the universal non-Debye scaling law. Considering these theoretical arguments, it is absolutely necessary to directly observe the nature of the low-frequency vibrations of amorphous solids and determine the laws that such vibrations obey. Herein, we perform an extremely large-scale vibrational mode analysis of a model amorphous solid. We find that the scaling law predicted by the mean-field theory is violated at low frequency, and in the continuum limit, the vibrational modes converge to a mixture of phonon modes that follow the Debye law and soft localized modes that follow another universal non-Debye scaling law.

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28

Зуев, Л. Б., В. И. Данилов, and М. В. Надежкин. "Масштабный эффект при автоволновой пластической деформации." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 17 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.17.49887.18378.

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The relationship between the spatial parameter of the development of localized plastic flow (the length of the autowave of localized plasticity) and the length of the deformed sample is studied. In experiments conducted on polycrystalline samples from an alloy of zirconium and technically pure aluminum, the logarithmic law of the relationship of these quantities, acting at the stage of Taylor parabolic work hardening, was established.

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29

Choi, Yo Sop, and Andreas Heinemann. "Competition and Trade: The Rise of Competition Law in Trade Agreements and Its Implications for the World Trading System." World Competition 43, Issue 4 (December 1, 2020): 521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2020026.

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Since the failure of the Havana Charter in 1950, it has not been possible to agree upon a binding competition law at the global level. However, following the fiasco of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Ministerial Conference in Cancún in 2003, the number of bilateral and regional trade agreements containing competition law chapters, or at least competition-related rules, has increased noteworthy. This reflects that trade and competition are closely intertwined. In an ever more integrated, globalized, and digitized economy, the competition law framework needs to be internationalized. If a binding competition law is not possible at the global level, it is only logical that bilateral and regional trade agreements fill the gap. This article questions the extent to which these agreements contribute to the convergence of competition law. In this context, the development in Northeast Asia seems promising and may provide a guidepost for establishing international standards of competition law cooperation and enforcement. Presented here is the idea of localized harmonization, which takes advantage of closer affinity between bilateral and regional partners. With a sufficient degree of convergence, it is not excluded that efforts towards a multilateral competition agreement could be relaunched one day. competition law, world trade law, WTO, free trade agreement, regional trade agreement, bilateral cooperation, convergence, localized harmonization, Asian competition law, digital economy

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30

Zuev, Lev. "Autowave nature of plasticity. Scale invariance." EPJ Web of Conferences 221 (2019): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922101019.

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The generality of localization of plastic deformation, which is observed at the stage of linear work hardening for HCP, BCC and FCC monoand polycrystals of pure metals and alloys, is considered. It was found previously that the motion rate of localized flow autowave is related to the reciprocal value of the work hardening coefficient by a linear law, which is universal in character. This is further substantiated by the results of the given study. The waves of plastic flow localization are found to have dispersion law. It has been established that in order to address the autowave of localized deformation, a quasi-particle may be introduced. The quasi-particle’s characteristics have been defined.

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31

Klochikhin, A. A., and S. G. Ogloblin. "Urbach Law and Lifshitz Singularity in Spectra of Localized States of Disordered Systems." physica status solidi (b) 172, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221720132.

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32

Zuev, L. B., V. V. Gorbatenko, and L. V. Danilova. "The model of plastic deformation and failure of solids." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 9 (2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/9/75.

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The new model is proposed to explain localized plasticity and failure development in solids. This is based on the idea about the interaction of plasticity acts with acoustic emission pulses. They are generated in the course of the elementary plasticity acts. It is shown experimentally that plastic flow is always localized on the macroscopic scale level. The distribution of localization in the volume has the form of different autowave processes and depends on the work hardening law.

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33

Zeng, Qiaoshi, Yu Lin, Yijin Liu, Zhidan Zeng, Crystal Y. Shi, Bo Zhang, Hongbo Lou, et al. "General 2.5 power law of metallic glasses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 7 (February 1, 2016): 1714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525390113.

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Metallic glass (MG) is an important new category of materials, but very few rigorous laws are currently known for defining its “disordered” structure. Recently we found that under compression, the volume (V) of an MG changes precisely to the 2.5 power of its principal diffraction peak position (1/q1). In the present study, we find that this 2.5 power law holds even through the first-order polyamorphic transition of a Ce68Al10Cu20Co2 MG. This transition is, in effect, the equivalent of a continuous “composition” change of 4f-localized “big Ce” to 4f-itinerant “small Ce,” indicating the 2.5 power law is general for tuning with composition. The exactness and universality imply that the 2.5 power law may be a general rule defining the structure of MGs.

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34

SHEYKHI, AHMAD, and BIN WANG. "ON TOPOLOGICAL CHARGED BRANEWORLD BLACK HOLES." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 31 (October 10, 2009): 2531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309031120.

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We study a class of topological black hole solutions in RSII braneworld scenario in the presence of a localized Maxwell field on the brane. Such a black hole can carry two types of charge, one arising from the extra dimension, the tidal charge, and the other from a localized gauge field confined to the brane. We find that the localized charge on the brane modifies the bulk geometry and in particular the bulk Weyl tensor. The bulk geometry does not depend on different topologies of the horizons. We present the temperature and entropy expressions associated with the event horizon of the braneworld black hole and by using the first law of black hole thermodynamics we calculate the mass of the black hole.

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35

Wang, Yue-Yue, Chao-Qing Dai, and Xiao-Gang Wang. "Stable localized spatial solitons in $$\mathcal {PT}$$ PT -symmetric potentials with power-law nonlinearity." Nonlinear Dynamics 77, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 1323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1381-6.

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36

Munsberg, L., J. Javaloyes, and S. V. Gurevich. "Topological localized states in the time delayed Adler model: Bifurcation analysis and interaction law." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 30, no. 6 (June 2020): 063137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0002015.

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37

Patenaude, Allan L., Darryl S. Wood, and Curt T. Griffiths. "Indigenous Peoples in the Canadian Correctional System: Critical Issues and the Prospects for ‘Localized’ Corrections." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 8, no. 2 (May 1992): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629200800205.

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Research Findings have revealed that Canada's indigenous peoples are incarcerated in federal and provincial/territorial correctional facilities in numbers far in excess of their representation in the general population. Only recently, however, has attention been given to the development of policies and programmes to address the special needs of incarcerated indigenous offenders during confinement and upon release. Concurrent with this has been an increasing involvement by indigenous communities, bands and organizations to develop alternative correctional strategies which are community-based and designed to better address the needs of offenders, victims and communities.

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38

Savotchenko, S. E. "Interaction of the localized states near nonlinear repulsive media border." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 19 (July 9, 2018): 1850222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918502226.

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In this paper, the new type of coupled states localized near the nonlinear boundary media and propagating along it are considered. The boundary of nonlinear media with different parameters of anharmonicity of interatomic interaction creates a disturbance of medium characteristic. It is expected that the particle has a complex linear law of dispersion with several branches of different parameters in a model proposed in this paper. The problem is reduced to the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with boundary conditions for a special kind. Explicit solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations satisfying the boundary conditions were found. It is shown that the existence of nonlinear localized excitations of several types is possible. They have a soliton-like profile in the direction perpendicular to the boundary. The structure and shape of the localized states is determined by the anharmonicity parameters and the intensity of interaction of the excitations with the plane defect. The equations determining the energy of the wave localized along the media boundary for a fixed direction of its wave vector are derived. Dependences of the wave numbers from the parameters of the system for localized states in various private cases are explicitly expressed.

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39

DAWES, J. H. P. "Localized convection cells in the presence of a vertical magnetic field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 570 (January 3, 2007): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006002795.

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Thermal convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated uniformly from below usually produces an array of convection cells of roughly equal amplitudes. In the presence of a vertical magnetic field, convection may instead occur in vigorous isolated cells separated by regions of strong magnetic field. An approximate model for two-dimensional solutions of this kind is constructed, using the limits of small magnetic diffusivity, large magnetic field strength and large thermal forcing.The approximate model captures the essential physics of these localized states, enables the determination of unstable localized solutions and indicates the approximate region of parameter space where such solutions exist. Comparisons with fully nonlinear numerical simulations are made and reveal a power-law scaling describing the location of the saddle-node bifurcation in which the localized states disappear.

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40

Bertram, W. K. "Investigation of the localized co-interchange instabilities in a rotamak plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 41, no. 3 (June 1989): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800014057.

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If the rotamak is regarded as a spherical field-reversed mirror then, according to conventional ideal MHD analysis, it should be unstable to co-interchange modes localized near the vortex point of the magnetic field. It is shown that to study these instabilities in a typical rotamak plasma, the Hall term in Ohm's law cannot be ignored. The effect of the Hall term on the ideal MHD analysis of co-interchange modes is investigated and a stability criterion is derived.

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41

Toma, Ghiocel, and Flavia Doboga. "Vanishing Waves on Closed Intervals and Propagating Short-Range Phenomena." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/359481.

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This study presents mathematical aspects of wave equation considered on closed space intervals. It is shown that a solution of this equation can be represented by a certain superposition of traveling waves with null values for the amplitude and for the time derivatives of the resulting wave in the endpoints of this interval. Supplementary aspects connected with the possible existence of initial conditions for a secondorder differential system describing the amplitude of these localized oscillations are also studied, and requirements necessary for establishing a certain propagation direction for the wave (rejecting the possibility of reverse radiation) are also presented. Then it is shown that these aspects can be extended to a set of adjacent closed space intervals, by considering that a certain traveling wave propagating from an endpoint to the other can be defined on each space interval and a specific mathematical law (which can be approximated by a differential equation) describes the amplitude of these localized traveling waves as related to the space coordinates corresponding to the middle point of the interval. Using specific differential equations, it is shown that the existence of such propagating law for the amplitude of localized oscillations can generate periodical patterns and can explain fracture phenomena inside materials as well.

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Roark, Marc Lane. "Scaling Commercial Law in Indian Country." Texas A&M Law Review 8, no. 1 (May 2020): 89–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v8.i1.3.

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How do you drive economic enterprise in a financial desert? Indian tribes, academics, economists, and policy makers have considered the means and methods for energizing economic growth for forty years. Efforts such as the creation and promotion of the Model Tribal Secured Transactions Act (“MTSTA”) promise much toward creating conditions that would gather financial opportunity to tribal regions that experience poverty at a strikingly higher rate than any other place in the United States. And yet, while the law has been available for more than ten years, tribes have been reticent to adopt it. This Article fills the vacuum in the literature around the promise of uniform laws in Indian Country by describing the inherent tension that exists between downscaling uniform laws into tribal contexts and the localism that seeks to preserve localized values. This Article argues that tribal choices to accept uniformity or reject uniformity in these areas are built around a combination of formal associations and organic relationships designed to create “institutional thickness” in the face of other scarce resources.

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Hennig, Dirk, Nikos I. Karachalios, and Jesús Cuevas-Maraver. "The closeness of localized structures between the Ablowitz–Ladik lattice and discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations: Generalized AL and DNLS systems." Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 042701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072391.

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The Ablowitz–Ladik system, being one of the few integrable nonlinear lattices, admits a wide class of analytical solutions, ranging from exact spatially localized solitons to rational solutions in the form of the spatiotemporally localized discrete Peregrine soliton. Proving a closeness result between the solutions of the Ablowitz–Ladik system and a wide class of Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger systems in a sense of a continuous dependence on their initial data, we establish that such small amplitude waveforms may be supported in nonintegrable lattices for significantly large times. Nonintegrable systems exhibiting such behavior include a generalization of the Ablowitz–Ladik system with power-law nonlinearity and the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with power-law and saturable nonlinearities. The outcome of numerical simulations illustrates, in excellent agreement with the analytical results, the persistence of small amplitude Ablowitz–Ladik analytical solutions in all the nonintegrable systems considered in this work, with the most striking example being that of the Peregine soliton.

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44

Charef, Hamid, and Ali Sili. "The effective equilibrium law for a highly heterogeneous elastic periodic medium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 143, no. 3 (May 22, 2013): 507–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210511001053.

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We study the homogenization of the linearized system of elasticity standing for the equilibrium equation of a highly periodic heterogeneous elastic medium submitted to small deformations and made of two different materials: a very rigid material located in a set Fε (ε being the size of the period of the medium) of vertical fibres surrounded by a soft elastic material localized in the set Mε. The ratio between the coefficients of the elasticity tensor of the two materials is assumed to be 1/ε4. We deal with the general case without any special assumption, such as isotropy, on the material.

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45

Lacina, Bethany. "The Problem of Political Stability in Northeast India: Local Ethnic Autocracy and the Rule of Law." Asian Survey 49, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 998–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.6.998.

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Inter-communal and insurgent violence has been entrenched in Northeast India for decades. At present, however, attacks against central government forces are in abeyance. This downturn reflects the consolidation of local regimes of corruption and repression. New Delhi tolerates and even supports such localized autocracy as a means to manage security threats.

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46

Li, Wen-Sheng, and Jian-Ying Wu. "A consistent and efficient localized damage model for concrete." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 4 (February 21, 2017): 541–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789516689587.

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Damage induced localized failure is of vital importance to evaluate residual safety and to prevent catastrophic collapse of concrete structures. Aiming for the efficient and robust modeling of localized failure in quasi-brittle solids and structures, this paper addresses a thermodynamically consistent and numerically efficient localized damage model for concrete. The thermodynamic framework is presented in such a way that not only the continuum model for the bulk material, but also the localized model for the discontinuity, can be established in a consistent approach. For the latter, a localized Helmholtz free energy potential is postulated, mimicking the classical continuum damage model. Specifically, a localized damage variable is introduced to characterize degradation of the initially-rigid discontinuity with a well-defined reference stiffness. Consistent evolution law for the localized damage variable is derived from an appropriate traction-based failure criterion and its equivalent separation-based counterpart, e.g. the novel hyperbolic damage criterion introduced in this work. The proposed model can be regularized and in particular, upon the assumption of continuous stress field, an orthotropic damage model in the context of smeared crack methods is recovered. This coincidence not only justifies the proposed model, but also sheds new lights on other classical methods. Numerically, the proposed localized damage model is incorporated into the improved stable eXtended FEM. Compared to those plasticity-based localized models, an explicit numerical algorithm can be used to update the cohesive tractions transferred across the discontinuity with no iteration on the constitutive level. This feature, together with the well-conditioned system matrix ensured by the improved stable eXtended FEM, guarantees noticeable efficiency and robustness of the overall numerical performances. The proposed model is verified against several classical benchmark tests of concrete in both mode-I and mixed-mode failure. The numerical predictions agree well with experimental test data and those reported in the literature. Remarkably, all the numerical results are mesh-size and mesh-alignment independent, and no spurious stress locking is observed, showing validity of the proposed model in the modeling of localized failure in concrete.

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FUJITA, Noriki, Kyono YASUDA, Nobuyuki ISHIKAWA, Martin DIEHL, Franz ROTERS, and Dierk RAABE. "Characterizing Localized Microstructural Deformation of Multiphase Steel by Crystal Plasticity Simulation with Multi-Constitutive Law." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 63, no. 732 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.63.1.

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48

Mirlin, Alexander D., Yan V. Fyodorov, Frank-Michael Dittes, Javier Quezada, and Thomas H. Seligman. "Transition from localized to extended eigenstates in the ensemble of power-law random banded matrices." Physical Review E 54, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 3221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.3221.

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49

Takeda, K., F. Ueda, and T. Yamaguchi. "Effect of Localized Stress on Power Loss in (110) [001] Si-Fe with Law Thickness." IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan 1, no. 4 (July 1985): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tjmj.1985.4548827.

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50

Jameei, A. A., and S. Pietruszczak. "On Hydromechanical Interaction during Propagation of Localized Damage in Rocks." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020162.

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This paper provides a mathematical description of hydromechanical coupling associated with propagation of localized damage. The framework incorporates an embedded discontinuity approach and addresses the assessment of both hydraulic and mechanical properties in the region intercepted by a fracture. Within this approach, an internal length scale parameter is explicitly employed in the definition of equivalent permeability as well as the tangential stiffness operators. The effect of the progressive evolution of damage on the hydro-mechanical coupling is examined and an evolution law is derived governing the variation of equivalent permeability with the continuing deformation. The framework is verified by a numerical study involving 3D simulation of an axial splitting test carried out on a saturated sample under displacement and fluid pressure-controlled conditions. The finite element analysis incorporates the Polynomial-Pressure-Projection (PPP) stabilization technique and a fully implicit time integration scheme.

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