Relevant bibliographies by topics / Localized embedded coding structures

Academic literature on the topic 'Localized embedded coding structures'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Localized embedded coding structures"

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Vergini, E., and D. A. Wisniacki. "Localized structures embedded in the eigenfunctions of chaotic Hamiltonian systems." Physical Review E 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): R5225—R5228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.58.r5225.

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Goldberg, David Theo. "Coding Time." Critical Times 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-7862517.

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Abstract This article analyzes the various ways algorithmic logic structures, streamlines, and delimits the conception of time and memory; orders the logics of social arrangement; and delimits the political. The author considers the ways in which algorithms extend racial discrimination, rendering it less visible, less discernible, and so more difficult to address. He briefly formulates a notion of crypto-value embedded within algorithmic self-conception and elaborates an algorithmic ontology. The latter is distinguished from the contemporary understanding of the post-human. The essay concludes with a reflection on a politics of street encounter as a counter to prevailing algorithmic constraints on the political. “Coding time” accordingly concerns the coding of time, the conception of time embedded in coding, the sociality and value that coding produces, and the implications for being and being human that the time of coding is manifesting.
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Collins, David J., Richard O’Rorke, Adrian Neild, Jongyoon Han, and Ye Ai. "Acoustic fields and microfluidic patterning around embedded micro-structures subject to surface acoustic waves." Soft Matter 15, no. 43 (2019): 8691–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00946a.

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Interactions between substrate waves and microchannel walls generate spatially localized periodic acoustic forces for microscale patterning activities. We develop analytical models that can be readily applied to predict this periodicity.
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ABID, MALEK, BRUNO ANDREOTTI, STÉPHANE DOUADY, and CAROLINE NORE. "Oscillating structures in a stretched–compressed vortex." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 450 (January 9, 2002): 207–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001006449.

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The dynamics of a vortex subject to a localized stretching is numerically investigated. The structure of the flow is analysed in the case of an initially two-dimensional vortex surrounded by a periodic array of vortex rings localized far from its core. Amplified oscillations of both the axial vorticity and the stretching are found, in strong contrast with Burgers-like vortices. The resulting dynamics is the appearance, around the vortex, of successive vortical structures of smaller and smaller radius and alternate sign embedded in the previous vortical rings. The frequency scaling of the oscillations is recovered by linear analysis (Kelvin modes) but not the amplification nor the shape of the successive tori. An inviscid model based on structures is presented, which compares better with the numerical computations. These results suggest that the formalism of Kelvin waves is not sufficient to describe the full dynamics, which is instead related to the feedback of rotation on stretching and more conveniently described in terms of localized structures. We finally discuss the relative timescales of vortex stretching and of vortex reaction. The Burgers-like vortices, where there is no such reaction, turn out to correspond to a nearly pure strain field, slightly disturbed by rotation.
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Jenkins, R. Brian, Peter Joyce, Adam Kong, and Charles Nelson. "Discerning Localized Thermal Heating from Mechanical Strain Using an Embedded Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Network." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092583.

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Prior research has demonstrated that distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) based on Rayleigh scattering can be embedded in carbon fiber/epoxy composite structures to rapidly detect temperature changes approaching 1000 °C, such as would be experienced during a high energy laser strike. However, composite structures often experience mechanical strains that are also detected during DOFS interrogation. Hence, the combined temperature and strain response in the composite can interfere with rapid detection and measurement of a localized thermal impulse. In this research, initial testing has demonstrated the simultaneous response of the DOFS to both temperature and strain. An embedded DOFS network was designed and used to isolate and measure a localized thermal response of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite to a low energy laser strike under cyclic bending strain. The sensor interrogation scheme uses a simple signal processing technique to enhance the thermal response, while mitigating the strain response due to bending. While our ultimate goal is rapid detection of directed energy on the surface of the composite, the technique could be generalized to structural health monitoring of temperature sensitive components or smart structures.
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Gong, Kai, Jia-Jian Wu, Ying Liu, Qing Li, Run-Ran Liu, and Ming Tang. "The Effective Healing Strategy against Localized Attacks on Interdependent Spatially Embedded Networks." Complexity 2019 (May 15, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7912857.

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Many real-world infrastructure networks, such as power grids and communication networks, always depend on each other by their functional components that share geographic proximity. A lot of works were devoted to revealing the vulnerability of interdependent spatially embedded networks (ISENs) when facing node failures and showed that the ISENs are susceptible to geographically localized attacks caused by natural disasters or terrorist attacks. How to take emergency methods to prevent large scale of cascading failures on interdependent infrastructures is a longstanding problem. Here, we propose an effective strategy for the healing of local structures using the connection profile of a failed node, called the healing strategy by prioritizing minimum degrees (HPMD), in which a new link between two active low-degree neighbors of a failed node is established during the cascading process. Afterwards, comparisons are made between HPMD and three healing strategies based on three metrics: random choice, degree centrality, and local centrality, respectively. Simulations are performed on the ISENs composed of two diluted square lattices with the same size under localized attacks. Results show that HPMD can significantly improve the robustness of the system by enhancing the connectivity of low-degree nodes, which prevent the diffusion of failures from low-degree nodes to moderate-degree nodes. In particular, HPMD can outperform other three strategies in the size of the giant component of networks, critical attack radius, and the number of iterative cascade steps for a given quota of newly added links, which means HPMD is more effective, more timely, and less costly. The high performance of HPMD indicates low-degree nodes should be placed on the top priority for effective healing to resist the cascading of failures in the ISENs, which is totally different from the traditional methods that usually take high-degree nodes as critical nodes in a single network. Furthermore, HPMD considers the distance between a pair of nodes to control the variation in the network structures, which is more applicable to spatial networks than previous methods.
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Hobbs, Bruce E., and Alison Ord. "Localized and chaotic folding: the role of axial plane structures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1965 (April 28, 2012): 1966–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0426.

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Most natural fold systems are not sinusoidal in profile. A widely held view is that such irregularity derives solely from inherited initial geometrical perturbations. Although, undoubtedly, initial perturbations can contribute to irregularity, we explore a different (but complementary) view in which the irregular geometry results from some material or system softening process. This arises because the buckling response of a layer (or layers) embedded in a weaker matrix is controlled in a sensitive manner by the nature of the reaction forces exerted by the deforming matrix on the layer. In many theoretical treatments of the folding problem, this reaction force is assumed to be a linear function of some measure of the deformation or deformation rate. This paper is concerned with the influence of nonlinear reaction forces such as arise from nonlinear elasticity or viscosity. Localized folds arising from nonlinearity form in a fundamentally different way than the Biot wavelength selection process. As a particular example of nonlinear behaviour, we examine the influence of axial plane structures made up of layers of different mineralogy formed by chemical differentiation processes accompanying the deformation; they are referred to as metamorphic layering . The alternating mineralogical composition in the metamorphic layers means that the embedding matrix exerts a reaction force on the folded layers that varies not only with the deflection or the velocity of deflection of the layer, but also in a periodic manner along the length of the folded layers. The influence of this spatially periodic reaction force on the development of localized and chaotic folding is explored numerically.
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Lee, Sangkyun, and Jeonghyun Lee. "Compressed Learning of Deep Neural Networks for OpenCL-Capable Embedded Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081669.

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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been quite successful in solving many complex learning problems. However, DNNs tend to have a large number of learning parameters, leading to a large memory and computation requirement. In this paper, we propose a model compression framework for efficient training and inference of deep neural networks on embedded systems. Our framework provides data structures and kernels for OpenCL-based parallel forward and backward computation in a compressed form. In particular, our method learns sparse representations of parameters using ℓ 1 -based sparse coding while training, storing them in compressed sparse matrices. Unlike the previous works, our method does not require a pre-trained model as an input and therefore can be more versatile for different application environments. Even though the use of ℓ 1 -based sparse coding for model compression is not new, we show that it can be far more effective than previously reported when we use proximal point algorithms and the technique of debiasing. Our experiments show that our method can produce minimal learning models suitable for small embedded devices.
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Ohyama, Takako, Hazuki Takahashi, Harshita Sharma, Toshio Yamazaki, Stefano Gustincich, Yoshitaka Ishii, and Piero Carninci. "An NMR-based approach reveals the core structure of the functional domain of SINEUP lncRNAs." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 16 (July 22, 2020): 9346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa598.

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Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are attracting widespread attention for their emerging regulatory, transcriptional, epigenetic, structural and various other functions. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis has revealed that retrotransposon elements (REs) are transcribed and enriched in lncRNA sequences. However, the functions of lncRNAs and the molecular roles of the embedded REs are largely unknown. The secondary and tertiary structures of lncRNAs and their embedded REs are likely to have essential functional roles, but experimental determination and reliable computational prediction of large RNA structures have been extremely challenging. We report here the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based secondary structure determination of the 167-nt inverted short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) B2, which is embedded in antisense Uchl1 lncRNA and upregulates the translation of sense Uchl1 mRNAs. By using NMR ‘fingerprints’ as a sensitive probe in the domain survey, we successfully divided the full-length inverted SINE B2 into minimal units made of two discrete structured domains and one dynamic domain without altering their original structures after careful boundary adjustments. This approach allowed us to identify a structured domain in nucleotides 31–119 of the inverted SINE B2. This approach will be applicable to determining the structures of other regulatory lncRNAs.
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Chiappini, Andrea, Guillaume Alombert-Goget, Cristina Armellini, Simone Berneschi, Brigitte Boulard, Massimo Brenci, Ilaria Cacciari, et al. "Opal-Type Photonic Crystals: Fabrication and Application." Advances in Science and Technology 71 (October 2010): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.71.50.

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We report on fabrication and characterization of two different opal-like structures: (i) crystal exhibiting mechanochromism, i.e. change of colour when subjected to mechanical stress, composed of closely packed colloidal polystyrene particles (CPCP) embedded in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric matrix; (ii) metallo-dielectric systems (MDCS), based on the realization of inverse silica opal and following attachment of gold nanoparticles on the silica network of the inverse colloidal structure. Optical measurements, performed on the two structures, have demonstrated that: (i) when an horizontal strain is applied on the CPCP embedded in PDMS, a blue shift of the diffraction peak occurs as a function of the applied strain and (ii) MDCS have unique optical properties that combine the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with the photonic band gap features of colloidal crystal structures. Finally, preliminary results on MDCS used as SERS substrate evidence a higher increase of the Raman signal in respect to that observed for others metallic structures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Localized embedded coding structures"

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Leung, Raymond Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Scalable video compression with optimized visual performance and random accessibility." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24192.

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This thesis is concerned with maximizing the coding efficiency, random accessibility and visual performance of scalable compressed video. The unifying theme behind this work is the use of finely embedded localized coding structures, which govern the extent to which these goals may be jointly achieved. The first part focuses on scalable volumetric image compression. We investigate 3D transform and coding techniques which exploit inter-slice statistical redundancies without compromising slice accessibility. Our study shows that the motion-compensated temporal discrete wavelet transform (MC-TDWT) practically achieves an upper bound to the compression efficiency of slice transforms. From a video coding perspective, we find that most of the coding gain is attributed to offsetting the learning penalty in adaptive arithmetic coding through 3D code-block extension, rather than inter-frame context modelling. The second aspect of this thesis examines random accessibility. Accessibility refers to the ease with which a region of interest is accessed (subband samples needed for reconstruction are retrieved) from a compressed video bitstream, subject to spatiotemporal code-block constraints. We investigate the fundamental implications of motion compensation for random access efficiency and the compression performance of scalable interactive video. We demonstrate that inclusion of motion compensation operators within the lifting steps of a temporal subband transform incurs a random access penalty which depends on the characteristics of the motion field. The final aspect of this thesis aims to minimize the perceptual impact of visible distortion in scalable reconstructed video. We present a visual optimization strategy based on distortion scaling which raises the distortion-length slope of perceptually significant samples. This alters the codestream embedding order during post-compression rate-distortion optimization, thus allowing visually sensitive sites to be encoded with higher fidelity at a given bit-rate. For visual sensitivity analysis, we propose a contrast perception model that incorporates an adaptive masking slope. This versatile feature provides a context which models perceptual significance. It enables scene structures that otherwise suffer significant degradation to be preserved at lower bit-rates. The novelty in our approach derives from a set of "perceptual mappings" which account for quantization noise shaping effects induced by motion-compensated temporal synthesis. The proposed technique reduces wavelet compression artefacts and improves the perceptual quality of video.
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Ling, Jie. "Smart card fault attacks on public key and elliptic curve cryptography." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5967.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Blömmer, Otto, and Seifert presented a fault attack on elliptic curve scalar multiplication called the Sign Change Attack, which causes a fault that changes the sign of the accumulation point. As the use of a sign bit for an extended integer is highly unlikely, this appears to be a highly selective manipulation of the key stream. In this thesis we describe two plausible fault attacks on a smart card implementation of elliptic curve cryptography. King and Wang designed a new attack called counter fault attack by attacking the scalar multiple of discrete-log cryptosystem. They then successfully generalize this approach to a family of attacks. By implementing King and Wang's scheme on RSA, we successfully attacked RSA keys for a variety of sizes. Further, we generalized the attack model to an attack on any implementation that uses NAF and wNAF key.
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Books on the topic "Localized embedded coding structures"

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Preneel, Bart. Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems – CHES 2011: 13th International Workshop, Nara, Japan, September 28 – October 1, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: International Association for Cryptologic Research, 2011.

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Patrick, Schaumont, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems – CHES 2012: 14th International Workshop, Leuven, Belgium, September 9-12, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Christophe, Clavier, and Gaj Kris, eds. Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems - CHES 2009: 11th international workshop, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 6-9, 2009 ; proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Localized embedded coding structures"

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Roper, Stephen D., and Nirupa Chaudhari. "Taste Coding and Feedforward/Feedback Signaling in Taste Buds." In Handbook of Brain Microcircuits, edited by Gordon M. Shepherd and Sten Grillner, 379–88. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636111.003.0032.

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Taste buds are the sensory end organs of the gustatory system. Thousands of these tiny sensory structures are embedded throughout the lingual epithelium and palate. As well-defined anatomical structures, taste buds can provide valuable insight into microcircuit organization. Information transmitted by taste buds to the brain results in conscious perceptions of taste—sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, and perhaps fat and others, but they also generate signals that initiate physiological reflexes such as a rapid burst of insulin secretion from the pancreatic islets to prepare the digestive tract for food. These responses are termed cephalic phase reflexes. This chapter presents an overview of how cell-cell communication and synaptic transmission within taste buds might underlie information processing in these sensory end organs, and perhaps also sheds light on the problem of taste coding, at least at its initial stages in the periphery.
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Xiao, Yongqiao, Jenq-Foung Yao, and Guizhen Yang. "Discovering Frequent Embedded Subtree Patterns from Large Databases of Unordered Labeled Trees." In Data Warehousing and Mining, 3235–51. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch206.

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Recent years have witnessed a surge of research interest in knowledge discovery from data domains with complex structures, such as trees and graphs. In this paper, we address the problem of mining maximal frequent embedded subtrees which is motivated by such important applications as mining “hot” spots of Web sites from Web usage logs and discovering significant “deep” structures from tree-like bioinformatic data. One major challenge arises due to the fact that embedded subtrees are no longer ordinary subtrees, but preserve only part of the ancestor-descendant relationships in the original trees. To solve the embedded subtree mining problem, in this article we propose a novel algorithm, called TreeGrow, which is optimized in two important respects. First, it obtains frequency counts of root-to-leaf paths through efficient compression of trees, thereby being able to quickly grow an embedded subtree pattern path by path instead of node by node. Second, candidate subtree generation is highly localized so as to avoid unnecessary computational overhead. Experimental results on benchmark synthetic data sets have shown that our algorithm can outperform unoptimized methods by up to 20 times.
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Pereira, Ângela Guimarães. "Evolutionary Modeling of Routes: The Case of Road Design." In Spatial Evolutionary Modeling. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135688.003.0015.

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In this study a route is defined as the path that a linear structure or facility follows in the terrain. Linear structures comprise facilities such as roads, motorways, railways, pipelines, electrical power lines, and telephone cables, each of these structures requiring specific technical parameters in what concerns the geometry of the path and having different effects on the terrain they traverse. Amongst these structures, roads and motorways are the group that creates the greatest overall impact; accordingly Portuguese legislation requires an environmental impact assessment (EIA) process as part of the necessary licensing approval. Usually the alternative (or alternatives) that undergo the EIA process is justified in terms of technical and economical issues. The result is that if major environmental impacts are identified by the EIA study, a myriad of mitigation measures are proposed, very seldom the redesign of the path being carried out (Guimarães Pereira & Antunes, 1996). Preliminary studies that precede the implementation of these types of projects are technically detailed and often come together with economical feasibility studies, shelving environmental issues for later assessment. In the methodology proposed in this chapter a multidimensional evaluation methodology, multicriteria evaluation, will be combined with the robustness of a search methodology, genetic algorithms (GAs) to generate alternative road routes that take into consideration environmental, economical, technical, and social criteria. These criteria are referenced to the physical space where the road is to be placed and therefore this methodology is embedded into a geographic information system (GIS). Genetic algorithms are particularly attractive to apply to multi-modal problems, allowing the exploration of spatial features to eventually find “best compromise” alternatives because these algorithms proceed their search by maintaining a population of solutions, that they can simultaneously exploit for their efficiency.1 Moreover, the particular mixing mechanism provides the means to recombine solutions and explore the search space. The remainder of this chapter describes evolutionary modeling of road routes, in particular the coding onto a GA of the geometric algorithm that accounts for the technical aspects of motorway siting. The details of the implementation of the MCDA-GA methodology, running within the GIS GRASS 4.1 (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) and its application to generate and evaluate alternative routes of a section of a Portuguese complementary itinerary (IC7) will be presented.
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Conference papers on the topic "Localized embedded coding structures"

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Jenkins, R. Brian, Peter Joyce, Adam Kong, and Charles Nelson. "Discerning localized thermal impulses using an embedded distributed optical fiber sensor network." In Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, edited by Kon-Well Wang, Hoon Sohn, Haiying Huang, and Jerome P. Lynch. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2514386.

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Jenkins, Brian, Peter Joyce, Deborah Mechtel, Kyle Milden, Kyle Elam, and Joe Watkins. "Highly localized thermal response measurements in composites using embedded fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Kara J. Peters, Wolfgang Ecke, and Theodoros E. Matikas. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2012180.

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Williams, Brandon, Asha Hall, and Oliver Myers. "Terfenol-D Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP): Embedded Sensing for Early Localized Damage Detection." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2283.

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Abstract Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) have become an essential part of designing and engineering lightweight rigid bodies, predominantly in the aerospace and automotive industries. Typical epoxy based CFRPs exhibit virtually no plasticity with minimal strain to failure. Although CFRPs have high specific strengths and elastic moduli, the brittle fracture mechanism presents unique challenges in failure detection for the US Army’s vertical lift vehicle components since failure can occur catastrophically. The Army currently uses a “safe-life” interval-based service methodology where components are replaced with regards to a usage spectrum rather than the component’s actual state of structural health. This paper explores a method for solving this problem by investigating the possibility of embedding Terfenol-D particles (∼100 microns in diameter), a magnetostrictive material, into the CFRP’s ply interphase for embedded non-contact, real-time, structural health monitoring. For baseline results, the change in localized (32 mm2 field of view) magnetic flux was only 0.02% for an applied load of 0–100% of the material’s ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For quasi-static testing procedure on specimen 5714 (15 wt.% Terfenol-D embedded CFRP) on a 0–40% loading interval of the material’s UTS, there was an observed localized (32 mm2 field of view) magnetic flux gradient of more than 5 mT (4%) with a reversible flux of 100%. For quasi-static testing procedure on specimen 5714 (15 wt.% Terfenol-D embedded CFRP) on a 0–70% loading interval of the material’s UTS, there was an observed localized (32 mm2 field of view) magnetic flux gradient of more than 3 mT (2%) with a reversible flux of only 25%. Terfenol-D embedded CRFPs have shown promising results for detecting instantaneous strain and degradation levels. Acoustic emission (AE) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning were used to validate the observed results.
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Li, Hao, Weiping Wang, Xiang Yang, and Mingming Lu. "ARSM: A Lightweight Packet Reception Notification Mechanism for Wireless Localized Network Coding." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.and.euc.2013.49.

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Bielefeldt, Brent, Jacob Hochhalter, and Darren Hartl. "Computationally Efficient Analysis of SMA Sensory Particles Embedded in Complex Aerostructures Using a Substructure Approach." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8975.

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The Digital Twin concept represents an innovative method to monitor and predict the performance of an aircraft’s various subsystems. By creating ultra-realistic multi-physical computational models associated with each unique aircraft and combining them with known flight histories, operators could benefit from a real-time understanding of the vehicle’s current capabilities. One important facet of the Digital Twin program is the detection and monitoring of structural damage. Recently, a method to detect fatigue cracks using the transformation response of shape memory alloy (SMA) particles embedded in the aircraft structure has been proposed. By detecting changes in the mechanical and/or electromagnetic responses of embedded particles, operators could detect the onset of fatigue cracks in the vicinity of these particles. In this work, the development of a finite element model of an aircraft wing containing embedded SMA particles in key regions will be discussed. In particular, this model will feature a technique known as substructure analysis, which retains degrees of freedom at specified points key to scale transitions, greatly reducing computational cost. By using this technique to model an aircraft wing subjected to loading experienced during flight, we can simulate the response of these localized particles while also reducing computation time. This new model serves to demonstrate key aspects of this detection technique. Future work, including the determination of the material properties associated with these particles as well as exploring the positioning of these particles for optimal crack detection, is also discussed.
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Rocker, Samantha N., T. Wade Pearrell, Engin C. Sengezer, and Gary D. Seidel. "Thermo-Electromechanical Response of Polymer-Bonded Explosives for Structural Health Monitoring of Energetic Materials." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3869.

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Distributing a carbon nanotube sensing network throughout the binder phase of energetic composites is investigated in an effort for real time embedded sensing of localized heating in polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) through thermo-electromechanical response for in situ structural health monitoring (SHM) in energetic materials. The experimental effort herein is focused on using 70 wt% Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) (solid oxidizer used in solid rocket propellants) crystals embedded into epoxy binder having concentration of 0.1 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) relative to entire hybrid energetics. Electrical and dielectric properties of neat (i.e. no MWCNTs) energetics and MWCNT hybrid energetics are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated under localized thermal loading. Electrical and dielectric properties showed variations for both neat energetics and MWCNT hybrid energetics depending on input frequency measurements. Significant thermo-electromechanical response was obtained for MWCNT AP hybrid energetics, providing a proof of concept for thermo-electromechanical sensing for realtime SHM in energetics.
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Wang, Long, Sumit Gupta, Kenneth J. Loh, and Helen S. Koo. "Nanocomposite Fabric Sensors for Monitoring Inflatable and Deployable Space Structures." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9029.

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Inflatable deployable structures are practical and promising candidates for serving various aerospace missions, for instance, as solar sails, antennas, space suits, and especially Lunar and Mars habitats. These structures feature flexible composites folded at high packing efficiency, which can drastically reduce launch costs. However, they can also be damaged due to the harsh extraterrestrial operating conditions, which can propagate to cause catastrophic mission failure and endanger crew safety. Therefore, it is imperative to integrate a robust structural health monitoring (SHM) system, so that damage and faults can be detected for ensuring their safe and reliable operations. While a variety of SHM technologies have been developed for monitoring conventional, rigid, structural systems, they are faced with challenges when used for these unconventional flexible and inflatable systems. Therefore, a flexible carbon nanotube-fabric nanocomposite sensor is proposed in this study for monitoring the integrity of inflatable space structures. In particular, CNT-based thin films were fabricated by spraying and then integrated with flexible fabric to form the lightweight sensor. By coupling fabric sensors with an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) algorithm, the fabric’s distribution of spatial resistivity can be mapped using only electrical measurements obtained along the material’s boundaries. The severity and location of localized pressure and impact damage can be captured by observing changes in the EIT-calculated resistivity maps. They can be embedded in inflatable habitat structures to detect and locate abnormally high pressure regions and impact damage.
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Joo, Heon, and John P. Swensen. "Design and Experimentation of a Tunably-Compliant Robotic Finger Using Low Melting Point Metals." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9147.

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In this paper, we describe the fabrication and testing of a tunably-compliant tendon-driven finger implemented through the geometric design of a skeleton made of the low-melting point Field’s metal encased in a silicone rubber. The initial prototype consists of a skeleton comprised of two rods of the metal, with heating elements in thermal contact with the metal at various points along its length, embedded in an elastomer. The inputs to the systems are both the force exerted on the tendon to bend the finger and the heat introduced to liquefy the metal locally or globally along the length of the finger. Selective localized heating allows multiple joints to be created along the length of the finger. Fabrication was accomplished via a multiple step process of elastomer casting and liquid metal casting. Heating elements such as power resistors or Ni-Cr wire with electric connections were added as an intermediate step before the final elastomer casting. The addition of a tradition tendon actuation was inserted after all casting steps had been completed. While preliminary, this combination of selective heating and engineered geometry of the low-melting point skeletal structure will allow for further investigation into the skeletal geometry and its effects on local and global changes in device stiffness.
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Lu, Lu, Shan Hu, and Yayue Pan. "3D Printed Particle-Polymer Composites With Acoustically Localized Particle Distribution for Thermal Management Applications." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6643.

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Abstract:
The particle-polymer composite can perform multiple functionalities according to particle property, local particle distribution, and alignment. This paper shows thermal management applications of in situ manipulations of particle dispersion patterns within a 3D printed polymeric composite architecture. A 3D printed particle-polymer composite with enhanced thermal conductive properties was developed. Composite structures containing 30-micron-sized aluminum particles embedded in the acrylate polymer were produced using a novel acoustic field assisted projection based Stereolithography process. Thermal properties of the pure polymer and prepared uniform composite with 2.75 wt% particle were characterized by using the transient hot bridge technique. To investigate the effect of material composition and particle distribution pattern on composite thermal behavior, heat sinks were designed and fabricated with the pure polymer, homogeneous composite with particles uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix, and composite with patterned particles for comparison. Infrared thermal imaging was performed on the 3D printed objects. The homogeneous composites displayed slight enhancement in thermal conductivity. A significant improvement of heat dissipation speed was observed for the patterned composite, due to a densely interconnected aluminum aggregate network. To further improve the thermal property of the patterned composite, varying layer thicknesses were tested. The developed patterned composites with superior performance compared to the inherent polymer material and homogeneous composites can be used for fabricating thermal management applications in electronic and fluidic devices.
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10

Torres-Sánchez, C., M. Haghihi-Abayneh, and P. P. Conway. "Magnetic-Assisted Alignment of Reinforcing Functionalized-Fibers in a Composite for Lightweight Structures." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7911.

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Abstract:
Localized reinforcement of composites employed to manufacture parts for the transport industries is making possible the lightweighting of components that have a much sought-after effect in the reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions. However, its realization, through the removing of mass where it is not required and reinforcement added to areas more prone to stress from working loads, relies on the development of novel manufacturing processes that can create structures whose performance is on a par with their solid counterparts, but at a fraction of the weight and at an affordable production cost. In this work we exploit the use of a very weak and safe magnetic field to control the location and orientation of functionalized discontinuous carbon fibers within a polymeric structural (polyurethane) foam to create performance-optimized composites. Two wet-chemistry methods (i.e. in-situ precipitation-deposition and amine-co-adjuvated electrodeposition of magnetite) to transform commercial carbon fiber into a magnetically active form were explored. The resulting fibers were analyzed and characterized through a set of physico-chemical tests. The functionalized fibers were then embedded at 3 different %vol contents in the polymeric matrix at given locations and with a desired alignment. Their mechanical performance (incl. compression, tension) was assessed and benchmarked against both a similar %volumetric content but non-functionalized-reinforcement (i.e. randomly distributed) composites and to non-reinforced matrices. In the two sets of reinforced composites (random and aligned) there is a positive correlation between stiffness, yield strength and strain with increasing %vol content. Both sets outperformed the non-reinforced matrix, demonstrating good fiber adhesion within the matrix and successful load transfer from matrix to fiber. The magnetically aligned composites generally outperformed the non-functionalized ones in terms of stiffness and strength at yield.
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